The The JunoJuno New Frontiers New Frontiers MissionMissionRosalyn A. Pertzborn

Director, OSSE

Juno E/PO Lead

Madison, WI

May 9th, 2006

Office of Space Science Education

Space Science & Engineering Center

University of WI-Madisonrosep@ssec.wisc.edu

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JunoJuno Mission OverviewMission Overview

• Dr. Scott Bolton of SwRI, in San Antonio, TX is Principal Investigator for Juno, the second mission in NASA’s New Frontiers Program

• Scheduled for Launch in August, 2011

• Upon arrival in 2016, the simple spinning solar-powered spacecraft will go into a highly elliptical pole to pole orbit, avoiding the bulk of Jupiter’s radiation

• Operations are repeatable, cyclic and designed to reduce overall cost

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JunoJunoMission Overview, continued… Mission Overview, continued…

• Juno will help reveal the answers to the remaining mysteries of Jupiter and our solar system by investigating Jupiter’s core, water, upper atmosphere, and magnetosphere

• Suite of eight instruments will collect data on:– Jupiter’s Gravity Field– Aurora– Deep Atmospheric Structure

– Magnetosphere • JunoCam will enable students to capture the

first images of Jupiter’s North Pole!

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JunoJuno

Juno Project Organization

Telecom PEMAnthony Mittskus (JPL)

NASANew Frontiers Program Office

Principal InvestigatorDr. Scott Bolton, SwRI

Deputy Principal InvestigatorDr. Jack Connerney, GSFC

Deputy Project ScientistDr. Steve Levin, JPL

Science Investigation Office Mgr.Bill Gibson (SwRI)

Science Team

Education & Public OutreachRosalyn Pertzborn (U. WI)

CTM for LM ContractRick Nybakken

Business ManagerCindy Cornish (JPL)

PRA(JPL)Scott Johnston

Payload Mgmt. OfficePhil Morton (JPL)

Flight System OfficeAl Herzl (LM)

Mission SystemsMgmt. Office

Steve Matousek (JPL)

Science Ops & Data Center Mgr.Bill Gibson (SwRI)

Advisory Board

PI, ChairChris Jones (Dir, SSED, JPL)

Jim Crocker (VP, LM)Jim Burch (VP, SwRI)

Project ManagerRick Grammier (JPL)

Deputy Project ManagerRick Nybakken (JPL)

MA ManagerSammy Kayali (JPL)

Radiation Env. EngineerMag Control & EMC Engineer

System Safety Engineer

Project System EngineerDr. Doug Bernard (JPL)

Radiation System Engineer (JPL)Flight Sys. Insight-Oversight Team (JPL)

Launch Vehicle (KSC)

MWR (JPL)MAG SHM (JPL)Gravity Science (JPL)MAG Flux Gate (GSFC)JADE (SwRI)UVS (SwRI)WAVES (UnivofIowa)EPD (APL)Camera (Malin)

*

*Note: Telecom PEM reports directly to PM/DPMFor cost, schedule, and technical performance; and to LM FSM for technical and schedule delivery

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JunoJuno Presentation Overview Presentation Overview

• The Mythology

• Why Juno?

• Science

• Mission

• Spacecraft

• Payload

• Operations

• Education

• Conclusion-DVD

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JunoJuno The MythologyThe Mythology

Juno, the god-sister-wife of Jupiter, maintained a constant, jealous vigil over her god-husband’s dalliances from Mount Olympus. When Jupiter had his tryst with Io, he spread a veil of clouds

around the entire planet to conceal his activities. Upon observing the cloud-cloaked planet, Juno immediately suspected Jupiter of concealing activities that would not bear the light.

Hence, Juno came down from Mount Olympus and employed her special powers to penetrate the clouds and reveal the true nature of Jupiter….

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JunoJuno Why Juno?Why Juno?

• Peering down through the clouds and deep into Jupiter’s atmosphere, Juno will reveal fundamental processes of the formation and early evolution of our solar system

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JunoJunoThe Giant Planet StoryThe Giant Planet Story

• Solar systems containing Giant Planets such as our own, may be required for life to originate

• The history of our solar system truly is found in the formation of the planet Jupiter!

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JunoJuno Juno Science ObjectivesJuno Science Objectives

OriginDetermine Oxygen/Hydrogen ratio (water abundance) and constrain core mass to decide among alternative theories of origin.

InteriorUnderstand Jupiter's interior structure and dynamical properties by mapping its gravitational and magnetic fields

AtmosphereMap variations in atmospheric composition, temperature, cloud opacity and dynamics to depths greater than 100 bars at all latitudes.

MagnetosphereCharacterize and explore the three-dimensional structure of Jupiter's polar magnetosphere and auroras.

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JunoJuno OriginOrigin

• Juno’s Oxygen measurements discriminate among Jupiter’s formation scenarios.

• Ar, Kr, Xe, C, and S abundances are well determined, however Oxygen is not yet determined.

• Juno will determine both the N and O abundances essential for understanding the environment in which Jupiter’s originated.

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JunoJunoJupiter’s Interior

•Thick atmosphere

- Galileo probe reached at least ~ 23 bars

•Liquid layer under high pressure

•Metallic hydrogen

- under extreme pressure the electrons move freely, creating a

conducting layer, and leading to a dynamo and

radio emissions

•Rocky core at center

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JunoJuno InteriorInterior

• Juno will investigate the structure and convection of Jupiter’s interior by reaching through the meteorological layer.

• Gravity sounding explores the mass distribution and core inside of the planet.

• A possible inner “rock” core is shown, surrounded by a “blue” metallic hydrogen envelope and “yellow” outer envelope of molecular H, all hidden beneath the visible cloud deck.

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JunoJuno InteriorInterior

• Juno will measure variations of the magnetic field to determine flow patterns on the core surface.

• The figure shows a plausible Jovian dynamo with columnar structures in the flow organized about a putative (assumed) core.

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JunoJuno AtmosphereAtmosphere

• The depth of Jupiter’s wind zones, belts, and other features remains one of the most outstanding fundamental questions regarding Jovian atmospheric dynamics.

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JunoJuno Atmosphere - Two Possible ScenariosAtmosphere - Two Possible Scenarios

• Juno provides three-dimensional views of the atmosphere to depths greater than 100 bars to resolve the basic question of the circulation depth.

• Top Panel (Scenario 1): Large-scale flow dominates and the belt-zone structure penetrates to depth > 200 bars.

• Bottom Panel (Scenario 2): small-scale convection dominates and belt zone structure disappears below the

water cloud base at 6 bars.

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JunoJuno MagnetosphereMagnetosphere

• Jupiter’s powerful magnetospheric dynamics create the brightest aurora in our solar system, as electrons and ions precipitate down into its atmosphere.

• The three auroral types in this HST UV image are signatures of Jupiter’s momentum transfer processes.

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JunoJuno MagnetosphereMagnetosphere

• Juno’s measurements will target each critical path in this closed circuit that transfers angular momentum from Jupiter to its nebula.

• Juno measures the distinct signatures of different auroral processes as it traverses the poles to greatly improve our understanding of one of the solar systems most remarkable phenomena.

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JunoJuno MissionMission• In August, 2011

Juno will be launched from Cape Canaveral using an Atlas 551 rocket.

• ~ 2 years after launch an Earth flyby will give the spacecraft an additional energy assist to reach Jupiter ~ 5 years after launch.

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JunoJuno Jupiter OrbitJupiter Orbit

• After orbital insertion (October 2016), Juno will spend most of the mission away from Jupiter’s high radiation environment.

• The line of apsides (furthest distance from planet) moves southward over mission lifetime.

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JunoJuno SpacecraftSpacecraft

• The solar powered, Spinning Spacecraft built by Lockheed-Martin, provides stability, accurate pointing and simple operations.

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JunoJuno Spacecraft Detail (1)Spacecraft Detail (1)

• Roomy upper deck easily accommodates instruments.

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JunoJuno Spacecraft Detail (2)Spacecraft Detail (2)

• All components are balanced to facilitate spacecraft spin

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JunoJuno Payload (1)Payload (1)

• Spacecraft design fully accommodates all science instruments.

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JunoJuno Payload(2)Payload(2)

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JunoJuno OperationsOperations

• Juno wraps Jupiter in a uniform net, enabling observations that constrain Jupiter’s core and characterize it’s Dynamo.

• The one year nominal mission will include 32 orbits of ~ 11days/orbit.

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JunoJuno Jupiter Orbit GeometryJupiter Orbit Geometry

100 000 km

Inbound Trajectory

Callisto

26.3 Rj

Io

5.9 Rj

Europa

9.4 Rj

Ganymede

15.0 Rj

Line of apsides at start of mission (2.1º)

Line of apsides at E

OM (32.5º)

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JunoJuno Operations (1)Operations (1)

• The mission requires only two Spacecraft attitudes during science perijove (nearest Jupiter) passages, thereby simplifying operations.

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JunoJuno Operations (2)Operations (2)

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JunoJuno EducationEducation

• Juno’s Educational Mission reaches out to communities with historically limited access to NASA resources, facilities and people, particularly:– Rural America– Native American Communities– Young Women– Communities with substantial

minority populations

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JunoJuno JunoCamJunoCam

• JunoCam is an Educational Instrument that will allow students to take the mission’s first visible images of Jupiter’s poles!

• Juno engages the public and students in the its eleven year journey to discover the

“Giant Planet Story”

JunoJuno

31Rosalyn Pertzborn – UW Space Place, 9 May 2006

Juno.wisc.eduJuno.wisc.edu

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JunoJuno