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Gold and The Interdependence of Prices Jason Ruspini, Vice President, Conquest Capital Group [email protected]

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Page 1: The Interdependence of Prices - Meetupfiles.meetup.com/84585/Jason Ruspini on Gold Asset Prices.pdf · asset and useful commodity prices that short term trading naturally has less

Gold and The Interdependence  of Prices

Jason Ruspini, Vice President, Conquest  Capital Group

[email protected]

Page 2: The Interdependence of Prices - Meetupfiles.meetup.com/84585/Jason Ruspini on Gold Asset Prices.pdf · asset and useful commodity prices that short term trading naturally has less

When Does Gold Rise?

• When people are irrational or have irrational expectations of 

societal breakdown?

• When people have rational fears about policy failure and 

default?

• When people anticipate inflation?

• When gold is money and people anticipate deflation?

• When liquidity is not tight?

• When real returns are low?

• What about sentiment and seasonality?

Page 3: The Interdependence of Prices - Meetupfiles.meetup.com/84585/Jason Ruspini on Gold Asset Prices.pdf · asset and useful commodity prices that short term trading naturally has less

Is Gold A Fear Gauge?

• On average, no.  Gold acts as a fear gauge periodically, but 

just as often it trades with “risk”

and the global growth trade.

One Month Rolling Correlation of Gold to VIX

-1-0.8-0.6-0.4-0.2

00.20.40.60.8

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07

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8

Sep-

08

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-08

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09

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-09

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-09

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-10

Page 4: The Interdependence of Prices - Meetupfiles.meetup.com/84585/Jason Ruspini on Gold Asset Prices.pdf · asset and useful commodity prices that short term trading naturally has less

Is Gold A Fear Gauge?

• Averages can be deceptive and gold’s correlation shifts tend 

to be sudden.

Correlation of Gold to Dollar, "Fear Gauge" Indicators and S&P 500January 2000 –

Present

Daily Correlation of ReturnsAverage Absolute Value of 10-day Rolling Correlation

Dollar Index -41.9% 57.8%VIX 0.2% 41.0%High Yield Spreads -0.7% 37.7%S&P 500 -2.7% 41.0%

Page 5: The Interdependence of Prices - Meetupfiles.meetup.com/84585/Jason Ruspini on Gold Asset Prices.pdf · asset and useful commodity prices that short term trading naturally has less

Does Gold Hedge Against Inflation?

• You often hear that it does not because the CPI has outrun 

gold since 1980.

• This is a cherry‐picked statistic corresponding to gold’s 1980 

peak.  Pick any other look‐back:

Cumulative Increase Through December 2009CPI Gold Gold/CPI Increase Ratio

From:Jan-70 476.9% 3113.9% 6.53Jan-75 320.1% 514.8% 1.61Jan-80 185.0% 143.8% 0.78Jan-85 105.4% 254.2% 2.41Jan-90 71.8% 176.3% 2.45Jan-95 44.5% 197.8% 4.44Jan-00 28.5% 298.5% 10.46Jan-05 13.3% 155.6% 11.74

Page 6: The Interdependence of Prices - Meetupfiles.meetup.com/84585/Jason Ruspini on Gold Asset Prices.pdf · asset and useful commodity prices that short term trading naturally has less

However, Gold Does Not Display A Strong Relationship  with Inflation Expectations In Short Time Frames

• Gold has low daily correlation to TIPS implied inflation rates.

• By month, gold does not do particularly well when inflation is 

relatively high:

Monthly Gold Price Changes By Inflation Rate, Apr 1968 - Dec 2009

Sum Number of Months AverageMonths where inflation:> 4% 180.4% 225 0.80%<= 4% 232.3% 276 0.84%

Page 7: The Interdependence of Prices - Meetupfiles.meetup.com/84585/Jason Ruspini on Gold Asset Prices.pdf · asset and useful commodity prices that short term trading naturally has less

Gold Does Show A Strong Relationship  With Real Rates of Return

• Interest rates must be taken into account, not just inflation.• Rates also reflect the long term growth prospects of the 

economy.• Real rates represent the opportunity cost of holding a 

relatively useless asset.

Monthly Gold Price Changes By Real RateApr 1968 - Dec 2009

Sum Number of Months AverageMonths where real rate:< 3% 414.0% 268 1.54%>= 3% -1.3% 233 -0.01%

Page 8: The Interdependence of Prices - Meetupfiles.meetup.com/84585/Jason Ruspini on Gold Asset Prices.pdf · asset and useful commodity prices that short term trading naturally has less

Gold as Money

• In the 2010s, gold’s relative uselessness is a political boon.  

Unlike other commodities, very few “folks”

are hurt by rising 

gold prices.

• What is the use of paper money that pays near zero interest?   

You can’t use Yen at the deli either.  Gold, a negative carry 

currency, is again more attractive when rates are low.

• While gold does well when real rates of return are low, to the 

extent that it is monetized, it can do well in deflation as well.  

This is what happened in the 1930s and prior depressions.

• Central bank actions and gold as a percentage of global fx

reserves, which is still especially low in China, suggest that, at 

the margin, gold is being and will continue to be monetized.

Page 9: The Interdependence of Prices - Meetupfiles.meetup.com/84585/Jason Ruspini on Gold Asset Prices.pdf · asset and useful commodity prices that short term trading naturally has less

Gold’s Dirty Secrets?• Monetary base and bank excess reserves charts are actually not 

that scary . The inflation implicit in government debt is, however.

• There are approximately 160,000 metric tonnes

(5.2 billion ounces) 

of mined gold on earth, and approximately 2,500 tonnes

are 

discovered each year.  But this rate may be slowing, and there is 

approximately 2,500 tonnes

per year of non‐speculator demand for 

jewelry and industrial use.

• Have a sell bias when liquidity dries up.  Monitor LIBOR or LIBOR‐

OIS.  A drop in liquidity in financial markets is not the same as 

general price deflation.

• Have a sell bias when real returns rise, e.g. when bond vigilantes 

become active in a depressed economy. (Will this always work?)

• Lots of fake “cover story indicators.”

Gold has been a “crowded 

trade”

since the high 800s.  Talking‐head pseudo‐sagacity.  But 

“crowded trade”

can be quantified to some extent through DSI and 

CFTC COT data.

Page 10: The Interdependence of Prices - Meetupfiles.meetup.com/84585/Jason Ruspini on Gold Asset Prices.pdf · asset and useful commodity prices that short term trading naturally has less

Is Gold a “Bubble”?• It will become a bubble at some point, but there is little comparative evidence of 

this now.  Household gold assets are not out‐of‐control.

• Tulip Bubble: 6000%, South Sea Bubble: 733% (“Index”

had 131 year drawdown).

Page 11: The Interdependence of Prices - Meetupfiles.meetup.com/84585/Jason Ruspini on Gold Asset Prices.pdf · asset and useful commodity prices that short term trading naturally has less

Seasonality of Gold

Seasonality, Jan 1986 - May 2010

-3.00%

-2.00%

-1.00%

0.00%

1.00%

2.00%

3.00%

4.00%

5.00%

6.00%

7.00%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

GoldWheatS&P 500Dollar Index

• Gold exhibits strength in September.  Why?  How significant?

Page 12: The Interdependence of Prices - Meetupfiles.meetup.com/84585/Jason Ruspini on Gold Asset Prices.pdf · asset and useful commodity prices that short term trading naturally has less

Interdependence of Prices

• To what extent does gold appear irrational because its value 

is mainly extrinsic, that is, it reflects relatively low real returns 

and opportunity cost?• This way of thinking is natural in the fx

world where all trades 

are two‐sided, and the idealized one‐sided currency , e.g. 

Dollar Index, is a weighted average of two‐sided rates.• [Fed model‐]• The misallocation in the housing bubble was to some extent 

already a mispricing

of money in the form of interest rates. 

What was the “right”

price for housing given the price of 

money?• Do people who claim that assets exhibit “irrational”

moves 

have a clear idea of what level of volatility would be 

“rational”, especially given such cross‐influences?

Page 13: The Interdependence of Prices - Meetupfiles.meetup.com/84585/Jason Ruspini on Gold Asset Prices.pdf · asset and useful commodity prices that short term trading naturally has less

How Volatile Should Stocks Be?

• The Dividend Discount Model predicts that stocks should become more 

volatile as interest rates decline.  When (dividend) growth rates and 

interest rates are both stuck near zero, this “fundamental”

model predicts 

very high volatility.   With 10 year rates at 3.0% and growth near 1%, a ‐

0.20% change in dividend (earnings) growth rate expectations is sufficient 

to provoke a one‐day 10% decline.

• Stocks tend to extrapolate the last data point into perpetuity, and two‐

part dividend models try to correct for this, but to what extent

does the 

rate term already act like a long‐term reversion term, reflecting average 

economic growth?

• When stocks are driven by “top‐down”

policy, they are more likely to 

behave idiosyncratically and wildly, as opposed to the more predictable 

average of many “bottom‐ups.”

• There is a wealth effect and natural self‐perpetuation in stock prices 

through consumption.

• Why shouldn’t stocks be “commoditized”

as a relatively risky asset?  Why 

is strong dollar / weak stocks unnatural?

Page 14: The Interdependence of Prices - Meetupfiles.meetup.com/84585/Jason Ruspini on Gold Asset Prices.pdf · asset and useful commodity prices that short term trading naturally has less

Is There a Long‐Termism

Fallacy?

• Luis Lowenstein: ''you will have made a judgment about that company and its 

businesses over the long term: what kind of products they make, who the management 

is, what kind of competition there is. No sensible investor would change his mind in a 

few days or a few weeks.'' 

• One absolutely wants to minimize transaction costs of all kinds and avoid over‐trading, 

but beyond that, might there be a fallacy here, covered over by sagacious‐sounding, 

politicized rhetoric?

• Even if prices change glacially, if you want to maintain a portfolio limited to 30 stocks 

out of a universe of 6000, it is easy to see how a sensible person might change the 

"best ideas" list with some frequency.  The more prices change, the more frequent 

portfolio changes would be in order from a valuation standpoint.

• To what extent can asset prices ever represent some hermetically

sealed, one‐sided 

meaning or value? There is always some discount factor or relative valuation at play.

• Crucially, such statements make the assumption that one is smarter than the market, 

and so if prices move against you, it's just irrational "noise".

• Short‐termism

incentive effects have little to do with short‐term trading.  Quite the 

opposite.

Page 15: The Interdependence of Prices - Meetupfiles.meetup.com/84585/Jason Ruspini on Gold Asset Prices.pdf · asset and useful commodity prices that short term trading naturally has less

Would a Transaction Tax Make Stocks  Less Volatile, or More?

• A transaction tax might decrease daily volatility, but, 

politically speaking, “folks”

do not actually care about daily 

volatility.  They care about longer‐terms booms and busts in 

asset and useful commodity prices that short term trading 

naturally has less to do with since such traders both buy and 

sell.• If buying and selling are more expensive, trends should be 

more persistent.  This is intuitive, but also makes sense 

insofar as autocorrelation rises when liquidity declines. 

Booms and busts will cause longer‐lasting pain and 

dislocation.• The easiest way to achieve a shock “20 standard deviation”

move is to just not mark (or mis‐mark) for a while.   Deferral 

of pricing is vastly more likely to originate an explosion large

enough to affect the underlying economy.  (Flash Crash only 

hurt those who were stopped‐out.) 

Page 16: The Interdependence of Prices - Meetupfiles.meetup.com/84585/Jason Ruspini on Gold Asset Prices.pdf · asset and useful commodity prices that short term trading naturally has less

Would a Transaction Tax Make Stocks  Less Volatile, or More?

• Deferral of pricing, not active trading, played a large role in the 

corporate credit crisis.  Social security and entitlement programs 

are also “off balance sheet”

debt.  At least banks failed to predict 

the future.  Governments failed to predict the past.  The basic 

demographic and longevity trend has been apparent since at least

the 1960s.  Each case had deferral and agency problems.

• Would taxing transactions discourage the formation of self‐fulfilling 

prophesies?  Unlikely, as one‐way nature of the trade would still be 

clear.  [Krugman

quote‐] Traders would actually be less willing to 

take profits, and would have less incentive to catch falling knives.