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The Infrastructure Implications of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles

Dr Charles Johnson

RSA International Conference onConnected and Autonomous Vehicles

Dublin3 May 2017


Issues for infrastructure

• Alternative visions of the future of connected and autonomous vehicles

• Infrastructure implications of these alternative visions - both national and international

• Implications for road users


Aspects of Infrastructure Affected

• Communications

• Roads

• Structures

• Drainage

• Geo-technical features

What will need to be considered?

What CAVs need to be able to do

• Sensing

• Analysis

• Decision-making

• Action taking

Technical and Social Factors

• Speed of improvement in AV technology

• Predominant level of automation

• Automation philosophies

• Attitudes to autonomous vehicles

• Policy options, legal issues and

responsibilities


Automation philosophiesThe purpose of automation is to increase safety and efficiency

Automation Centric- Humans are the problem- Focus on avoiding human error- Humans only retake control in emergencies

Human Centric- Automation is used to complement humans- Focus on optimum use of human capabilities- Automation tailored to humans


Infrastructure and Communications

Internal Technology

• Cameras

• Digital imaging

• Lasers

• Radar

• Telematics

External Technology

• Connected vehicles

• GPS

• Communication beacons

• Telecoms and Internet

Traditional Technology

• Road signs and markings

• Signals

• Messaging


Factors Affecting Communications

• Availability

• Visibility

• Continuity

• Degraded conditions

• Security


Roads

• Platoons and convoys

• Vehicle segregation

• Road Differentiation

• Vehicle ownership

o Parking and garages

o Park and ride

o Re-fuelling


Structures

• Road widths

• Bends

• Tunnels

• Vehicle ownership

o Parking and garages

o Park and ride

o Re-fuelling


Drainage and Geo-technical Features

• Flooding

• Surface Water

• Cuttings and embankments

o Stationary objects

• Gradients


Issues to be resolved

• Practicality of suggestions

• Public acceptance of options

• Cost of enhancements and new builds

• Lead times

• Maintenance

o Cost

o Expertise

• Vehicle and systems failure

• Safety and redundancy

In the UK:• Roads cost ~ €10 million per km• It would take ~ €14 billion to fix the

roads• and 14 – 16 years to clear backlog

of work

Implications for

• Driver training

• Driver testing

• Operators versus drivers

• Safety of occupants


FINAL THOUGHTS

Progress towards this goal will be constrained by the available infrastructure.

Sophisticated driver assistance more likely short term.

Universal, fully self-driving vehicles may be a long way off and restricted to off-road networks short-term .

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