The Industrial Revolution:Innovation, Immigration, &

Urbanization

Production Transportation Immigration Rise of Cities Decline in pop from rural areas Corruption Union Activism Racism/Nativism Reform- (Progressives- Fix the problems of

industrial society)

What is the Industrial Revolution About?

What is the industrial revolution? What are the major innovations/industries of

the industrial revolution? What are the effects of the industrial

revolution? (both positive & negative) How are industry, immigration, &

urbanization connected? Is the Industrial Revolution mainly positive or

negative?

Things You Should Be Able To Answer

The Industrial Revolution effects the following areas:

Technology: New products and inventions Business Organizations: The development of

corporation & trusts Cities: rural to urban migration and immigration Labor Protections: unions, working conditions,

benefits, safety Reform Movements: the Progressives will react to

the changes brought by industrialization, pollution, food and drug regulations, political reforms

So, what does the industrial revolution effect?

Industrialization brings positives effects: Inventions are created-More products--

produced faster-- produced cheaper Jobs are created--- people have money to

buy more goods-economy gets better for everyone

Rich people get richer-- create more factories or businesses -- create more jobs--economy gets better for everyone

Immigration-when jobs are available-------people move to the location of jobs-industrialization causes immigration--

Factories are built where people live-------cities grow

Positive Effects of the Industrial Revolution

Industrialization brings negative effects: Industrialization causes--pollution-air, water Industrialization causes---poverty-

government doesn’t protect workers at first- workers compete with other workers for low skill jobs- workers work long hours- get low pay- unsafe working conditions

Poverty is so bad-children need to work Massive wealth is created by factory owners-

causes corruption- business owners use money to influence government officials

Negative Effects of the Industrial Revolution

1870-1880s iron production soared Aided by the Bessemer Process -1850s

Blowing air and secret ingredients through molten iron to burn out impurities

Leads to the creation of the Transcontinental Railroad =1,900 miles of RR track in the 1860s

Allowed for the creation of sky scrappers New Furnaces 500 tons per week

Iron & Steel

• Western Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh, • Steel towns- Cleveland, Detroit, Chicago,

Birmigham• Michigan, Minnesota, Birmingham AL (Iron

Ore)

Railroad Industry create rapid development & industrialization

Aids transportation, access to raw materials and market is now more easy

Land is granted to RR companies in exchange for building RR- especially the Transcontinental RR

Later RR companies will own tremendous amount of land and sell it to people moving WEST

By 1880s there are 150,000 miles of Rail creating an national economy.

Construction of railroads leads to Immigration-Chinese in West, and Irish in East

Turns settlement Models like Von Thunen upside down

Rail Roads

Growth of Track 1860- 52,000 miles 1870- 93,000 miles 1890- 163,000 miles 1900- 193,000 miles Chicago is a major rail hub- Government paid grants, $ to RR in order to

complete and aid in Western railroad development

The Growth of Rail Roads

The Transcontinental RR

Andrew Carnegie• Focused on steelmaking• Used vertical integration, owning businesses involved in each

step of steel manufacturing to lower costs Integrated Carnegie Steel by making deals with RR companies,

buying rival companies, buying coal mines, iron mines, and shipping companies.

John D. Rockefeller

• Standard Oil Company was country’s largest refinery

• Developed horizontal integration, owning all businesses in a field by buying out competition

• Formed a trust, grouping many companies under a single board & allowed control of 90% of oil refinery business

Big Business Tycoons

Henry Ford revolutionizes the auto industry with his assembly line model $5 work day 3 Shift Model

1895 = 4 automobiles in America

1917= 5 million

1914- 12 ½ hours to make 1 car

After 1915- 1 ½ 1 car

Prices= 1914- $950

Other Big Business Tycoons

Based on the scientific studies of Charles Darwin- Natural Selection

Ideas are applied to society and business “There is not a poor person in the United

States who was not made poor by his own shortcomings.”

Social Darwinism

3 Takeaways from today’s Lesson

Give me your tired, your poor,Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free;

The wretched refuse of your teeming shore,Send these, the homeless,

Tempest-tossed to meI lift my lamp beside the golden door!

Not like the brazen giant of Greek fame,With conquering limbs astride from land to land;Here at our sea-washed sunset gates shall stand

A mighty woman with a torch, whose flame is the imprisoned lightning,And her name, Mother of Exiles.

From her beacon-hand glows world-wide welcome;Her mild eyes command the air-bridged harbor

That twin cities frame."Keep, Ancient Lands, your storied pomp!"

Cries she with silent lips.

Give me your tired, your poor,Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free;

The wretched refuse of your teeming shore,Send these, the homeless,

Tempest-tossed to meI lift my lamp beside the golden door!

The New Colossus

What is this poem is about? What lines give us clues about the nature of

this poem? Why do you think the author titled this piece

“The New Colossus?” How does this poem relate to the Industrial

Revolution?

What is the New Colossus?