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The Hydrosphere Chapters 2 4 Holt Science

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Page 1: The Hydrospherecwmsroyal.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/52811215/The Hydrosphere.pdf · Page 145 CO: SWBAT identify and describe the properties of water. LO: SWBAT compare cohesion and

The Hydrosphere

Chapters 2 – 4

Holt Science

Page 2: The Hydrospherecwmsroyal.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/52811215/The Hydrosphere.pdf · Page 145 CO: SWBAT identify and describe the properties of water. LO: SWBAT compare cohesion and

“AHA Question”

Pages 142 – 143

“If water is one of the most common

substances on Earth, what makes it so

unique?”

Page 3: The Hydrospherecwmsroyal.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/52811215/The Hydrosphere.pdf · Page 145 CO: SWBAT identify and describe the properties of water. LO: SWBAT compare cohesion and

Page 145

CO: SWBAT identify and describe the

properties of water.

LO: SWBAT compare cohesion and

adhesion.

Page 4: The Hydrospherecwmsroyal.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/52811215/The Hydrosphere.pdf · Page 145 CO: SWBAT identify and describe the properties of water. LO: SWBAT compare cohesion and

Imagine

Picture yourself

canoeing down a

gentle stream on a

beautiful sunny

afternoon.

You can see the

gravelly stream

bottom through the

crystal blue water.

Page 5: The Hydrospherecwmsroyal.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/52811215/The Hydrosphere.pdf · Page 145 CO: SWBAT identify and describe the properties of water. LO: SWBAT compare cohesion and

All of a sudden, the

silence is broken by

the sound of rushing

water.

You notice that the

current has picked up

and the water is

moving much faster.

What is happening?

Page 6: The Hydrospherecwmsroyal.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/52811215/The Hydrosphere.pdf · Page 145 CO: SWBAT identify and describe the properties of water. LO: SWBAT compare cohesion and

In the distance you see

some large boulders

and a waterfall.

Unexpectedly, the

canoe hits a rock and

nearly topples over.

What forces of nature could

cause the stream to

change so drastically?

Page 7: The Hydrospherecwmsroyal.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/52811215/The Hydrosphere.pdf · Page 145 CO: SWBAT identify and describe the properties of water. LO: SWBAT compare cohesion and

Essential Questions

What are the properties of water?

How does moving water shape the Earth?

How does erosion and deposition shape

the land?

From where does our drinking water

come?

How do humans impact the water supply?

Page 8: The Hydrospherecwmsroyal.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/52811215/The Hydrosphere.pdf · Page 145 CO: SWBAT identify and describe the properties of water. LO: SWBAT compare cohesion and

Brainstorming

What do you know about water?

From where does your drinking water

come?

How do you impact the water supply?

Page 9: The Hydrospherecwmsroyal.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/52811215/The Hydrosphere.pdf · Page 145 CO: SWBAT identify and describe the properties of water. LO: SWBAT compare cohesion and

Video Clip

Page 10: The Hydrospherecwmsroyal.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/52811215/The Hydrosphere.pdf · Page 145 CO: SWBAT identify and describe the properties of water. LO: SWBAT compare cohesion and

What did you learn?

Page 11: The Hydrospherecwmsroyal.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/52811215/The Hydrosphere.pdf · Page 145 CO: SWBAT identify and describe the properties of water. LO: SWBAT compare cohesion and

Water

Covers nearly 70% of Earth’s surface

Most abundant substance on Earth

Most important substance to organisms

Unique properties that help to support life

on Earth

Page 12: The Hydrospherecwmsroyal.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/52811215/The Hydrosphere.pdf · Page 145 CO: SWBAT identify and describe the properties of water. LO: SWBAT compare cohesion and

Water Molecules and Polarity

Made up of two hydrogen and one oxygen

Hydrogen shares an electron with oxygen

Oxygen attracts electrons more strongly than

hydrogen

Oxygen pulls the shared electrons closer to its

nucleus

Makes charges unequal, called polarity

Page 13: The Hydrospherecwmsroyal.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/52811215/The Hydrosphere.pdf · Page 145 CO: SWBAT identify and describe the properties of water. LO: SWBAT compare cohesion and

Polarity

Causes water molecules to attract each

other

Like weak magnets

Positive pole on hydrogen attracts negative

pole on oxygen

Forms temporary bonds that form and break

easily – called a hydrogen bond

Helps water stick together

Page 14: The Hydrospherecwmsroyal.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/52811215/The Hydrosphere.pdf · Page 145 CO: SWBAT identify and describe the properties of water. LO: SWBAT compare cohesion and

Cohesion and Adhesion

Cohesion is the tendency for water

molecules to form weak bonds and stick

together

Surface tension – a force that acts on the

particles at the surface of the liquid

Forms a kind of skin on the water

Page 15: The Hydrospherecwmsroyal.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/52811215/The Hydrosphere.pdf · Page 145 CO: SWBAT identify and describe the properties of water. LO: SWBAT compare cohesion and

Water Strider

Page 16: The Hydrospherecwmsroyal.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/52811215/The Hydrosphere.pdf · Page 145 CO: SWBAT identify and describe the properties of water. LO: SWBAT compare cohesion and

Jesus Lizard

Page 17: The Hydrospherecwmsroyal.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/52811215/The Hydrosphere.pdf · Page 145 CO: SWBAT identify and describe the properties of water. LO: SWBAT compare cohesion and

Adhesion

The tendency of

water to stick to other

substances

Page 18: The Hydrospherecwmsroyal.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/52811215/The Hydrosphere.pdf · Page 145 CO: SWBAT identify and describe the properties of water. LO: SWBAT compare cohesion and

Universal Solvent

A solvent is a substance in which another

substance dissolves

Water is called the universal solvent

because it can dissolve more substances

than any other known substance

Due to its polarity

Page 19: The Hydrospherecwmsroyal.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/52811215/The Hydrosphere.pdf · Page 145 CO: SWBAT identify and describe the properties of water. LO: SWBAT compare cohesion and

Density

Measure of the mass of a substance per

unit volume

Changes with temperature

Pour cold water into hot water

Cold water sinks to bottom

Changes with change in state

Ice floats in water

Page 20: The Hydrospherecwmsroyal.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/52811215/The Hydrosphere.pdf · Page 145 CO: SWBAT identify and describe the properties of water. LO: SWBAT compare cohesion and

Buoyancy

Ability of a fluid to exert an upward force,

called the buoyant force, on an object that

is immersed in the fluid

Property that allows organisms to float

Page 21: The Hydrospherecwmsroyal.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/52811215/The Hydrosphere.pdf · Page 145 CO: SWBAT identify and describe the properties of water. LO: SWBAT compare cohesion and

Boats

If metals sink in water, why is a metal

boat able to float?

Page 22: The Hydrospherecwmsroyal.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/52811215/The Hydrosphere.pdf · Page 145 CO: SWBAT identify and describe the properties of water. LO: SWBAT compare cohesion and

Boats

It is able to float because its shape

provides areas that can fill with air, which

is less dense than water. The air helps to

lower the density of the entire boat, which,

in turn, allow the buoyant force of the

water to keep the boat afloat.

Page 23: The Hydrospherecwmsroyal.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/52811215/The Hydrosphere.pdf · Page 145 CO: SWBAT identify and describe the properties of water. LO: SWBAT compare cohesion and

Specific Heat

The amount of energy needed to raise the

temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1°C

Specific heat of water --- 4184 J/kg · °C

Allows lakes, streams, and ocean

ecosystems to maintain stable

temperatures

Helps your body to maintain a constant

internal environment

Page 24: The Hydrospherecwmsroyal.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/52811215/The Hydrosphere.pdf · Page 145 CO: SWBAT identify and describe the properties of water. LO: SWBAT compare cohesion and

Capillary Action

The tendency of water to rise

Paper towel absorbency

Straw

Page 25: The Hydrospherecwmsroyal.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/52811215/The Hydrosphere.pdf · Page 145 CO: SWBAT identify and describe the properties of water. LO: SWBAT compare cohesion and

Review

Which form of water has the highest

density?

A. Ice

B. Warm water

C. Cold water

D. Water vapor

Page 26: The Hydrospherecwmsroyal.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/52811215/The Hydrosphere.pdf · Page 145 CO: SWBAT identify and describe the properties of water. LO: SWBAT compare cohesion and

Question 2

How are nutrients transported in water?

A. As compounds

B. As ions

C. As molecules

D. As solids

Page 27: The Hydrospherecwmsroyal.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/52811215/The Hydrosphere.pdf · Page 145 CO: SWBAT identify and describe the properties of water. LO: SWBAT compare cohesion and

Question 3

Which of the following describes the

tendency of a water molecule to stick to

other water molecules?

A. Cohesion

B. Density

C. Adhesion

D. Buoyancy

Page 28: The Hydrospherecwmsroyal.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/52811215/The Hydrosphere.pdf · Page 145 CO: SWBAT identify and describe the properties of water. LO: SWBAT compare cohesion and

Question 4

The diagram below shows a water

molecule.

Page 29: The Hydrospherecwmsroyal.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/52811215/The Hydrosphere.pdf · Page 145 CO: SWBAT identify and describe the properties of water. LO: SWBAT compare cohesion and

Question 4, cont.

What do the charges on either end of the

molecule indicate about the molecule?

A. Water is a polar molecule.

B. Water is a nonpolar molecule.

C. Water is an ionic compound.

D. Water is an ion.