Preliminary Discussion

• What is a civil rights movement?

• What makes such movements successful?

• Who are the key players in such events?

• How is social change defined?

• How is social change effectuated?

The History of Apartheid in South

AfricaFiela’s Child by Dalene Matthee

IB Interactive Oral PresentationBy Mohammed Ramzan

The Birth of Apartheid

• What was the Apartheid?

• Historical Background of South Africa

• Developments which led up to Apartheid

• Formation of the African National Congress (ANC)

• Contributing factors and events

Apartheid Becomes Law

• The Reunited National Party Government

• Prime Minister Daniel Francois Malan

• Racial classification is institutionalized

• Examples of Apartheid Legislation

• Police Brutality

• Immediate implications of the Apartheid

Apartheid and the Homeland System

• Prime Minister Hendrik Verwoerd and “Separate Development”

• The Promotion of Bantu Self-Government Act of 1959

• Forced displacement of Blacks to Bantustans

• Discussion: In what way would the Separate Development Policy have benefitted the interests of the pro-Apartheid government?

Opposition to Apartheid

• Forms of resistance against Apartheid

• The Sharpeville Massacre

• Nelson Mandela and the ANC

• Steve Biko and the Black Consciousness Movement

• Parliamentary Opposition

• International relations and condemnation

Apartheid Comes to an End

• The Soweto Uprising and Massacre

• Economic sanctions, arms embargo, and international pressure

• Prime Minister Pieter Botha and the beginning of reforms

• Prime Minister F. W. de Klerk and the new constitution

• The election of Nelson Mandela

• The vestigial elements of Apartheid

Apartheid and Fiela’s Child

• Fiela’s Child, by Dalene Mathee, was published in 1985

Three aspects of the work relate to Apartheid:

• Geographical boundaries

• Social Stratification

• Racial Marginalization

Part 1 ~ Geographical Boundaries

The summer was a harsh one. She looked up at the bare, rough, red-brown hills above the house and saw the mist trailing over the top and disappear again against the blue of the sky. It was as if the heat on the Kloof side of the mountains would not allow even a shred of mist to come over and give a little relief from the heat. Why it had please the good Lord to put a mountain between the Kloof and the relief, God only knew. On the seaward side he had planted with a lavish hand, made it rain and sprout till a forest had sprung up, stretching for miles and miles in every direction. But by the time he made it to the Kloof side, God had had nothing left but stones and dust and wagon trees and rhinoceros bush and aloes. (Matthee 12)

Part 2 ~ Social Stratification

‘You will have to learn to speak like a lady now, you know. You’ll be a village girl. You have heard yourself what Willem and Kristoffel said about the village girls, how pretty and fine they are.’

‘The village people scorn us forest people.’‘Take no notice. Just hold up your head. The woman

that brought me up, always said, as long as your head stays up, your spirits do too.’ (Matthee 218)

Part 3 ~ Racial Marginalization

‘I would have done exactly the same,’ her father insisted. ‘The only difference is, they would not have held a party for me.’

‘And how would you have done it?’ her mother challenged her father, still siding with Mr Bain.

‘Exactly like the Mr Bain did it. He did not find that route, the elephants found it hundreds of years ago.’ (Matthee 112)

Conclusion

Please God, go with Benjamin, she prayed as she walked, stay with him, he’s softer than us because he’s white, be with him when he has to appear before the magistrate, see that he stands there neat and clean and see that his shoes are fastened. (Matthee 62)

~ ~ ~On the second day of April 1881 they buried Dawid. At

Wolwekraal, at the feet of Fiela’s mother and father and next to her brother that had died as a child.

It was a big funeral…White and colored people cried round Dawid’s grave and in the back row the Laghaans stood sober and wary. Dawid had no enemies. (Matthee 226)

References

Matthee, Dalene. Fiela's Child. New York: Knopf, 1986. Print.

Knight, Richard. "Apartheid South Africa (1948-1994)." The Espresso Stalinist. The Africa Fund, 16 Jan. 2011. Web. 13 Feb. 2015. <http://espressostalinist.com/genocide/apartheid-south-africa/>.

"Apartheid." History.com. A&E Television Networks. Web. 13 Feb. 2015. <http://www.history.com/topics/apartheid>.

"Apartheid History." Infoplease. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, © 2012. Web. 13 Feb. 2015. <http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/history/apartheid-history.html>.

"Apartheid Timeline." PBS. PBS. Web. 13 Feb. 2015. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/masterpiece/endgame/timeline.html>.