THE GREAT DEPARTURE II

THEMES

Biological Old Regime

Industrial Revolution Empires

Nation-states

THEMES

China and India

Euro-centric World

Imperialism / State power

The War to End all Wars

THEMES

World War I / Versailles Treaty

Colonial Independence Movements / Rise of Germany

Capitalism/Depression : Communism

The Great Departure (fertilizer and fossil fuels) occurs!

World War II

Resentment and Imperial ambition by the Axis Powers

Struggle for what system will rule the world!

(U.S. isolationist)Allies AxisWAR!

World War II

• 50 million dead (20 million in USSR; 10 million in China)

• All industrial production for war effort

Ends in 1945!

Post-World War II systems (?)

Hitler’s National-Socialism discreditedJapan’s ‘statist development’ model

discreditedEurope’s colonial system discredited

U.S. capitalist model survives- reshapes Japan; rebuilds Europe

USSR communist model intact- China would go communist in

1949

Post-World War II systems (?)

Different visions

US and USSR oppose colonized Third World

-- US wants capital markets and resources!

-- USSR wants world communism

Decolonization

• European states weak after WWII

• Britain decides to make India independent- Splits into India and Pakistan

• No ‘state’ experience in Africa; borders drawn arbitrarily

Decolonization

• Much of Asia and ME decolonized by 1950

• Africa mostly independent states by 1960

• UN expands from 51 in 1945 to 127 by 1970; over 200 members today

Significant Revolutions

• China – Nationalist Guomindang versus communists

- communist victory in 1949

• Vietnam – oust French in 1954; US loses in 1975

• Algeria kicks out French in 1962

• Portugal out of Angola in 1975

Former colonies leery of Western development – choose different paths to ‘close the gap’

The Cold War 1947-1991

• Two Superpowers; Two warring blocs (cold)

• US with international institutions (IMF, World Bank, UN)

• USSR with ‘world communism’

The Cold War - Highlights

• “Reverse Course” with Germany and Japan

• “Containment” of USSR and Soviet Bloc• China 1949• Korea 1950-1953 (Koreans and Chinese)• Vietnam 1956-1975• Cuba 1953-1959• Overthrow of elected Leftists in Latin

America• Support of authoritarian regimes in MECold War militarized much of the world!

Clash of Economies

• Production to produce industrial goods

• Goal is more and more production

• Soviet ‘planned economy’ – state allocates resources- few incentives; people need pride- falsifying records common to meet quotas

PRODUCTIONISM

Clash of Economies

• China and Mao use ‘5 year plans’

• ‘Great Leap Forward’- rural industrialization of China- 20 million die of famine

• Environmental degradation immense- polluted water- polluted air

PRODUCTIONISM

Clash of Economies

• Produce goods for consumers

• US and allies follow ‘free trade’ and creation of industries for consumers

• ‘planned obsolescence’ and ‘advertising’ key!

Clash of Economies

• Cars and cheap housing fuel American Dream of consumerism

• Increase in electricity allows appliances for more leisure

• By 2000, 2/3 of US is consumer production; 1/3 for producers

Clash of Economies

• Cheap and available energy necessary!

- oil, steel, and cars

• Global finance develops to trade oil – politics of oil becomes prominent

• Environmental problems of oil; but world embraces consumerism

HOMEWORK

• Read p.185-194 again

• Quiz p.155-185

• Write a short essay – choose a topic:

- Cuba communist revolution- Algeria independence fight- Angola independence fight