the government’s role in enabling sustainable food production and consumption

23
Anne M Jervell The government’s role in enabling sustainable food production and consumption Anne Moxnes Jervell National Institute for Consumer Research (SIFO) Food: safety and sustainability, a common project of producers and consumers? Utrecht, 23rd June 2005 Rural Sociology Group, Wageningen University

Upload: aizza

Post on 25-Jan-2016

35 views

Category:

Documents


4 download

DESCRIPTION

The government’s role in enabling sustainable food production and consumption. Anne Moxnes Jervell National Institute for Consumer Research (SIFO) Food: safety and sustainability, a common project of producers and consumers? Utrecht, 23rd June 2005 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: The government’s role in enabling sustainable food  production and consumption

Anne M Jervell

The government’s role in enabling sustainable food

production and consumption

Anne Moxnes Jervell

National Institute for Consumer Research (SIFO)

Food: safety and sustainability, a common project of producers and consumers?

Utrecht, 23rd June 2005

Rural Sociology Group, Wageningen University

Page 2: The government’s role in enabling sustainable food  production and consumption

Anne M Jervell

A Norwegian view..

Inge Grødum, Aftenposten 1999

Page 3: The government’s role in enabling sustainable food  production and consumption

Anne M Jervell

Farming on the margin..Land Type% of total land area

Mountains 48

Productive Forest 22

Unproductive Forest 15

Bogs and wetland 6

Lakes, glaciers 5

Agricultural land 3

Urban Land 1

Norway: marginal farming

Page 4: The government’s role in enabling sustainable food  production and consumption

Anne M Jervell

Producer Support Estimates

1

6

13

18

18

18

19

20

22

38

63

64

66

71

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

New Zealand

Australia

Tyrkia

Ungarn

Tsjekkia

Mexico

Canada

Polen

USA

EU-15

Island

Japan

Norge

Sveits

Prosent PSE

Page 5: The government’s role in enabling sustainable food  production and consumption

Anne M Jervell

Topics• Sustainable food production

– Local production vs trade– Environmental vs social sustainability

• Sustainable food consumption– Food security– Nutrition and health effects

• The role of government– Agricultural policy– Food safety regulation– Consumer and nutritional policy

Page 6: The government’s role in enabling sustainable food  production and consumption

Anne M Jervell

Sustainable food production and consumption

Definition of sustainability– Sustainable development is development that meets

the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Brundtland Report (World Commission on Environment & Development)

Producing and consuming without reducing the (total) capital available for future use.

Page 7: The government’s role in enabling sustainable food  production and consumption

Anne M Jervell

Local food production vs trade?

• Local production has local effects– Negative externalities (pollution, lasting effects?)

» Restrictions and regulations, organic agriculture– Positive externalities (landscape)

» Subsidies, basis for tourism, quality of life

• Trade in global commodities can– increase efficiency in resource use– remove consumers from negative external effects of

production

Page 8: The government’s role in enabling sustainable food  production and consumption

Anne M Jervell

Ex. Local and global markets

MarketsLocal NationalRegional GlobalEU

Niche productsDifferentiated productsValue added products

Local foodAlternative food

Bulk products

Basicproduct

Specialproduct

Differentiation

Figur fra: Forsman 2001: Resource-Based Strategy Analysis: A Case of Local Food Processing Firms in Finland, In Borgen (ed) The Food Sector in Transition- Nordic Research, NILF-Report 2001-2

Page 9: The government’s role in enabling sustainable food  production and consumption

Anne M Jervell

Ex. Local agenda 21 initiatives

Municipalities focusing environmental costs of imported foods and the question of local food supply

                                      

Page 10: The government’s role in enabling sustainable food  production and consumption

Anne M Jervell

Environmental vs social sustainability:

• Environmental sustainability: production without negative effects on environmental capital

– Effects of farm structure on environment (monocult)– Effects of farming systems on environment (pesticides)– Indirect effects from transport (global warming)

• Social sustainability: production with positive effects on human and social capital

– The regional population and employment effects of local agricultural and food production

– The welfare and distributional effects of trade

Page 11: The government’s role in enabling sustainable food  production and consumption

Anne M Jervell

Sustainable food consumption?

• Food security– Long term food security

» Productive capacity, management of resources (fisheries)

– A sustainable diet (in periods of shortage ex WW 2)» Meat consumption

• Health effects– National nutrition policies promoting a healthy diet– Rising obesity rates and diabetes prevalence

Page 12: The government’s role in enabling sustainable food  production and consumption

Anne M Jervell

Nutrition policies

From policies directed towards supplying enough foods dominated the post-war period, focus shifted in the 1970s and 1980s towards reducing the intake of fat.

Protectionism and food prices: countries with higher pSE levels (and food prices) have lower obesity rates..But: prices of food commodities have a diminishing share of total food prices.

Page 13: The government’s role in enabling sustainable food  production and consumption

Anne M Jervell

Consumption trends

Food Item Norway1980

Norway1998

US1999

France1998

Meat 74.1 85.5 98.4 112.7

Fish 22.0 25.2 6.9 24.82

Eggs 10.8 10.3 14.9 14.9

Cheese 11.8 14.2 12.5 32.13

Fluid milk 165.5 128.6 85.9 69.0

Whole milk 142.6 32.6 31.3

Soft drinks 26.7 67.2 196.6

Vegetables 44.7 60.7 191.0 123.7

Page 14: The government’s role in enabling sustainable food  production and consumption

Anne M Jervell

Diverging trends in the food markets?

• Globalization and international standardization– Trans-national companies– Globally converging consumption patterns

AND

• Local differentiation – Food related tourism– Interest in speciality products in the high-income population

Page 15: The government’s role in enabling sustainable food  production and consumption

Anne M Jervell

The case for local or regional food

Value-addingCultural identity and traditional productsFood as part of a tourism productQuality and freshness

Environmental effectsPositive environmental effects of food productionSustainability and self-sufficiency

Development Producer-consumer contact stimulates innovationIncreased diversity and differentiation

               

Page 16: The government’s role in enabling sustainable food  production and consumption

Anne M Jervell

The ABC of Policies that affect food productionand consumption

• Agro-food sector policies (agricultural policy, food sector regulation)– Support to production in non-competitive regions– Regulation and competition policy

• Barriers to food trade (tariffs, standards, TBT)– Reductions in tariffs– Increased importance of technical barriers

• Consumer policy and food safety regulations– Nutrition policies, labeling, nutritional information– Hygienic standards, traceability, disease control

Page 17: The government’s role in enabling sustainable food  production and consumption

Anne M Jervell

Ministry of agriculture and foodhttp://odin.dep.no/lmd/html/multifunc/

The Ministry of Agriculture and Food is responsible for food and agricultural policymaking. The food policy aims to provide consumers with wholesome, high quality food products, and to ensure that the food production process is carried out with environmental, public health and animal welfare concerns in mind.

Multifunctional agriculture: the case of Norway Beyond its primary role of producing food and fibreagriculture also contributes to the viability of rural areas, food security, the cultural heritage and environmental benefits such as the agricultural landscape, agro-biological diversity, land conservation and high standards of plant, animal and public health.

Page 18: The government’s role in enabling sustainable food  production and consumption

Anne M Jervell

Ex. Organic agriculture

•The role of government:

– Setting goals: Norway – 10% of acreage in organic farming

– Subsidizing conversion

– Certification bodies and labelling systems

BUT: in Norway only 10-30% of organic food is sold and consumed as organic

– Public procurement of organic products (ex Denmark)

Page 19: The government’s role in enabling sustainable food  production and consumption

Anne M Jervell

Ex. International standards

Page 20: The government’s role in enabling sustainable food  production and consumption

Anne M Jervell

Ex. Food Safety and consumers

The Norwegian Food Safety Authority is a governmental body. Our goal is that consumers should have healthy and safe food and safe drinking water. We promote human, plant, fish and animal health, environmentally friendly production, and ethically acceptable farming of animals and fish. The Norwegian Food Safety Authority also performs duties relating to cosmetics and medicines, and inspects animal health personnel.

www.mattilsynet.no

Page 21: The government’s role in enabling sustainable food  production and consumption

Anne M Jervell

Producers

Government

ConsumersFood

Page 22: The government’s role in enabling sustainable food  production and consumption

Anne M Jervell

Development last 20 years with respect to safety etc. (>1 improvement <1 worse)?

1,5

1,3

1,3

1,2

1,1

1,5

1,3

1,1

1

1,1

1,2

1,1

1,2

1,1

1,2

1,2

1,3

1,1

1

0,3

1,2

1,1

1,1

0,9

0,5

1,1

1

1

0,50,2

1,1

0,8

0,8

0,6

0,4

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

G.Britain Denmark Norway E.Germany W.Germany Portugal Italy

Safety Nutrition Farming methods Quality Price

>1 improved

<1 worse

Page 23: The government’s role in enabling sustainable food  production and consumption

Anne M Jervell

Concluding:

Policies can have negative or positive effects on sustainability – and the evaluation of effects will depend on level (global, regional, local)

National policies are strongly influenced by international context, industry actors (producers), and more recently, consumer interests.