1. The Gita & Management by Dr. Milind R. Agarwal

2. What is the Bhagavad Gita? .

3. What is Yoga?

4. Definitions of Yoga - Samatvam yoga uchayate (The Gita) Equanimity is Yoga. - Yogash chitta vritti nirodhah (Patanjali Yogasutra) In a state of yoga, all misconceptions (vrittis) that can exist in the mutable aspect of human beings (chitta) disappear. - Mana prashamana upayah (Sage Vashistha) Yoga is a way to calm down the mind. - Tam yogamiti manyante sthiram indriyadharanam (Kathopanishad) Yoga is calming down the mind.

5. Controlling the Mind Cancalam hi manah Krishna, Pramathi balavad drdham Tasyaham nigraham manye, Vayor iva su-duskaram (VI-34) For the mind is restless, turbulent, obstinate and very strong, O Krishna, and to subdue it, I think, is more difficult than controlling the wind. Krishna resolves Arjunas confusion as follows Asamsayam maha-baho, Mano durnigraham calam Abhyasena tu kaunteya, Vairagyena ca grhyate (VI-35) O mighty-armed son of Kunti, it is undoubtedly very difficult to curb the restless mind, but it is possible by suitable practice and by detachment.

6. 18 Types of Yoga in the Gita Swami Chidbhavananda (1967) says All the eighteen chapters in the Gita are designated, each as a type of yoga. The function of the yoga is to train the body and the mind.... even the first chapter in the Gita is designated as system of yoga. It is called Arjuna Vishada Yoga Yoga of Arjuna's Dejection. Source: Chidbhavananda, Swami, The Bhagavad Gita,Tapovan Publishing House, 1967

7. 18 Types of Yoga in the Gita 1.Arjuna Vishada Yoga The Despondency of Arjuna 2.Samkhya Yoga The Yoga of Knowledge 3.Karma Yoga The Yoga of Action 4.Jnana Karma Sanyasa Yoga The Yoga of Renunciation of Action in Knowledge 5.Sanyasa Yoga 6.Dhyana Yoga - The Yoga of Meditation 7.Jnana Vignana Yoga - The Yoga of Knowledge and Realization 8.Akshara Brahma Yoga - The Yoga of the Imperishable Brahman 9.Rajavidya Rajaguhya Yoga - The Yoga of Sovereign Science and Sovereign Secret 10.Vibhuti Yoga - The Yoga of Divine Manifestations 11.Visvarupa Darsana Yoga - The Yoga of the Vision of the Cosmic Form 12.Bhakti Yoga - The Yoga of Devotion 13.Kshetra Kshetrajna Yoga - The Yoga of the Discrimination of the Kshetra and the Kshetrajna 14.Gunatraya Vibhaga Yoga - The Yoga of the Division of the Three Gunas 15.Purushottama Yoga - The Yoga of the Supreme Self 16.Daivasura Sampad Vibhaga Yoga - The Yoga of Division between the Divine 17.Sraddhatraya Vibhaga Yoga - The Yoga of the Threefold Sraddha 18.Moksha Sanyasa Yoga - The Yoga of Liberation by Renunciation

8. What is a Shaastra? Shaastra is the knowledge which is based on principles that are held to be timeless

9. Why study the Bhagavad Gita?

10. Shaastra Pramana Yah sastra-vidhim utsrjya, Vartate kama-karatah Na sa siddhim avapnoti, Na sukham na param gatim (XVI-23) But he who discards scriptural injunctions and acts according to his own whims attains neither perfection, nor happiness, nor the supreme destination. Tasmac chastram pramanam te, Karyakarya-vyavasthitau Jnatva sastra-vidhanoktam, Karma kartum iharhasi (XVI-24) One should understand what is duty and what is not duty by the regulations of the scriptures. Knowing such rules and regulations, one should act so that he may gradually be elevated.

11. Impact and Influence of the Gita on mankind Mahatma Gandhi The Gita is the universal mother. She turns away nobody. Her door is wide open to anyone who knocks. A true votary of Gita does not know what disappointment is. When disappointment stares me in the face and all alone I see not one ray of light, I go back to the Bhagavad Gita. I find a verse here and a verse there, and I immediately begin to smile in the midst of overwhelming tragedies - and my life has been full of external tragedies - and if they have left no visible or indelible scar on me, I owe it all to the teaching of Bhagavad Gita. Albert Einstein - When I read the Bhagavad Gita and reflect about how God created this universe everything else seems so superfluous. Jawaharlal Nehru - The Bhagavad Gita deals essentially with the spiritual foundation of human existence. It is a call of action to meet the obligations and duties of life; yet keeping in view the spiritual nature and grander purpose of the universe.

12. Impact and Influence of the Gita on mankind Swami Vivekananda - The secret of Karma Yoga which is to perform actions without any fruitive desires is taught by Lord Krishna in the Bhagavad Gita. Aldous Huxley - The Bhagavad Gita is the most systematic statement of spiritual evolution of endowing value to mankind. It is one of the most clear and comprehensive summaries of perennial philosophy ever revealed; hence its enduring value is subject not only to India but to all of humanity.

13. The Bhagavad Gita is about Self Management

14. The Gita takes us from Self-awareness to Self-realisation Helps us in 1.Discovering and Re-discovering Ourselves by enabling us to find answers to the primordial questions Who Am I? and Why do I exist? 2.Leading a Purposeful Life by showing us our relationship with the society, nature, cosmos and divinity and how we can contribute meaningfully and purposefully to the ongoing cycle of creation.

15. We can manage ourself and others well, only if we are Healthy, Happy and Harmonious individuals

16. But are we Happy, Healthy and Harmonious?

17. Health: Concept of Body as per Modern Medical Science Physical body Body systems Organs Tissues Cells DNA, RNA, Genes etc Source: SVYASA, Bengaluru, Artwork: Trivedi Riri, Wellness Space

18. These are not water tight compartments but merge into one another. Health: Concept of Body as per Yoga Pancha Kosas: 5 layers (sheaths) of existence 1.ANNAMAYA Physical 2.PRANAMAYA Vital 3.MANOMAYA Mental 4.VIGNANAMAYA Wisdom 5. ANANDAMAYA Bliss 1 2 3 5 4 Source: SVYASA, Bengaluru, Artwork: Trivedi Riri, Wellness Space

19. Stress Yogic Perspective Conflicts in Manomaya (Mental) kosa: due to going against what is right I want cake, I love it, I cant do without it Vignanmaya (Wisdom) kosa: Cannot eat cake as I have diabetes Pranamaya (Vital) Kosa Imbalances: (symptomatic) symptoms of uneven breathing, wrong flow of prana, no rhythm Annamaya (Physical) Kosa: (manifestation of imbalance as disease) Improper digestion, physical ailments on weak organs Source: SVYASA, Bengaluru, Artwork: Trivedi Riri, Wellness Space

20. Purification /Strengthening of Body: Diet, Loosening Exercises, Games & Sports Kriyas Asanas (Yogic Postures) Sun Salutation Balance of Prana: Breathing exercises Pranayama Kriya PET Clarity, Contentment, Bliss!! No therapy reqd.!! Improve Will Power: Lectures Jnana Yoga, Raja Yoga Study of Scriptures Calming the Mind: MSRT, Counseling Meditation Yoga Nidra Devotional activities Integrated Approach of Yoga Therapy* CM works on all 5 levels Source: SVYASA, Bengaluru, Artwork: Trivedi Riri, Wellness Space

21. Where is the seat of Values in the Human Body?

22. Stress Genesis Conflicts in Manomaya (Mental) kosa: due to going against what is right I want cake, I love it, I cant do without it Vignanmaya (Wisdom) kosa: Cannot eat cake as I have diabetes Pranamaya (Vital) Kosa Imbalances: (symptomatic) symptoms of uneven breathing, wrong flow of prana, no rhythm Annamaya (Physical) Kosa: (manifestation of imbalance as disease) Improper digestion, physical ailments on weak organs Source: SVYASA, Bengaluru, Artwork: Trivedi Riri, Wellness Space

23. Values and Yoga It is clear that to allow values in the vignanmaya kosha to act on the manomaya kosha, the pre-requisite is control and calming of the mind. In other words, without a calm mind, the vignanmaya kosha will not be able to use values and guide decision-making of the manager.

24. Values in the Gita Swami Visharadananda (2003) identified 20 values as described in Chapter XIII in the Gita (XIII: 8-12), namely Amanitvam adambhitavam ahimsa ksantir arjavam Acaryopasanam saucam sthairyam atma-vinigraha Indriyarthesu vairagyam anahankara eva ca Janma-mryyu-jara-vyadhi- dukha-dosanudarsanam Asaktir anabhisvangah putra-dara-grhadisu Nityam ca sama-cittatvam istanistopapattisu Mayi cananya-yogena bhaktir avyabhicarini Vivikta-desa-swevitvam aratir jana-samsadi Adhyatma-jnana-nityat vam tattva-jnanartha- darsanam Etaj jananam iti proktam ajnanam yad ato nyatha Source: Vishardananda, Swami, Human Values, 2003, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Prakashana

25. Personal Values in the Gita Amanitvam - humility, absence of self-adoration Adambhitvam - pridelessness, not to show-off Ahimsa non-violence, not to inflict pain on others Ksanti - forbearance Arjavam alignment in thought, word and deed Acaryopasanam - approaching a bona fide master or mentor Saucam - cleanliness, both internal and external Sthairyam - consistency, perseverance Atmavinigrahah - self-control Indriyarthesu Vairagyam renunciation of the objects of sense gratification Anahankara - absence of false ego Janmamrtyujaravyadhidukhadosanudarshanam - the perception of the evil of birth, death, old age and disease Asakti non-attachment Anabhisvangah Putradaragrhadisu no extreme attachment to children, wife, home and the rest Nityam Samacittatvamistanistopapattisu - even-mindedness amid pleasant and unpleasant events Mayi Ca Ananya Yogena Bhaktiravyabhicharini - constant and unalloyed devotion to Me

26. Divine Values in the Gita The Divine values of life in the Gita as as follows Abhayam sattva-samsuddhir, Jnana-yoga-vyavasthitih Danam damas ca yajnas ca, Svadhyayas tapa arjavam (XVI-1) Ahimsa satyam akrodhas, Tyagah shantir apaisunam Daya bhutesv aloluptvam, Mardavam hrir acapalam (XVI-2) Tejah ksama dhrtih shaucam, Adroho nati-manita Bhavanti sampadam daivim, Abhijatasya bharata (XVI-3) Fearlessness; purification of ones existence; cultivation of spiritual knowledge; charity; self-control; performance of sacrifice; study of the Vedas; austerity; simplicity; nonviolence; truthfulness; freedom from anger; renunciation; tranquillity; aversion to faultfinding; compassion for all living entities; freedom from covetousness; gentleness; modesty; steady determination; vigor; forgiveness; fortitude; cleanliness; and freedom from envy and from the passion for honorthese transcendental qualities, O son of Bharata, belong to godly men endowed with divine nature.

27. Demoniac Values in the Gita Dambho darpo bhimanas ca, Krodhah parusyam eva ca Ajnanam cabhijatasya, Partha sampadam asurim (XVI-4) Pravrttim ca nivrttim ca, Jana na vidur asurah Na shaucam napi cacaro, Na satyam tesu vidyate (XVI-7) Tri-vidham narakasyedam, Dvaram nasanam atmanah Kamah krodhas tatha lobhas, Tasmad etat trayam tyajet (XVI- 21) Pride, arrogance, conceit, anger, harshness and ignorance these qualities belong to those of demoniac nature. The demoniac do not know the way of action (duty) nor the way of renunciation (right attitude), neither purity nor right conduct, nor truth is found in them. There are three gates leading to this hell - lust, anger and greed. Every sane man should give these up, for they lead to the degradation of the soul.

28. Social Value in the Gita - lokasamgraha "Strive for Yoga which is excellence in action, through commerce which is natural to you, for sake of educating people; you should perform your work for social well- being." yogah karmasu kausalam (The Gita 2.50) Strive for Yoga which is excellence in action vanijyam vaisya-karma svabhava-jam (The Gita 18.44) Through commerce which is natural to you loka-samgraham evapi, sampasyan kartum arhasi (The Gita 3.20) For sake of educating people, you should perform your work cikirsur loka-sagmraham (The Gita 3.25) for social well- being

29. Values based Management as per the Gita Individual dimension oYoga take decisions with a calm and equanimous mind Quality of decisions is dependent on the state of mind of the decision maker when making the decision oUse Personal values to guide you oSthithaprajna person of steadfast wisdom Social Dimension oLokasamgraha* social well-being Source: * Agarwal, Satya P., The Social Role of the Gita How & Why, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 1993

30. Nishkam and Sakam Karma Nishkam karma Sakam karma Psychological energy conservation Psychological burnout Reactionless, steady action Reactionful, erratic action Perfection (as the aim) Success (as the aim) Inner autonomy Dependence on praise, etc. Freedom (swadheen) Bondage (paradheen) Socio-economically appropriate Socio-economically questionable Work-commitment Reward-commitment Work-as-worship for excellence Competitive rivalry for execellence Mind-enrichment Job-enrichment Leads to yoga with the transcendent/higher Self Leads to viyoga (alienation) from the transcendent/higher Self Source: Chakraborty, S.K., Ethical Vision of Management, Ethics in Management: Vedantic Perspectives, Organizations (The Management and Ethics Omnibus), 2001

31. Key Management Ideas from the Gita Sloka No. Sanskrit Phrase English Equivalent II-38 Sukhadukhe same krtva Treat pleasure and pain alike II-47 Karmanye vadhikarasthe Continue to perform the action II-47 Ma phalesu kadachana Do not be attached to the fruits of action II-48 Yogasthah kuru karmani Being fixed in yoga, perform action II-48 Samatvam yoga uchyate Equilibrium is yoga II-50 Yogah karmasu kaushlam Work done to perfection is yoga III-8 Karma jyaya hyakarmanah Action is superior to inaction III-11 Parasparam bhavyantaha Recognize mutuality and interdependence III-20 Karmanai'va hi sansiddhim Achieve perfection through action III-20 Lokasangraham eva pi sampasyam kartum arhasi Keeping in view the protection of people, perform action. IX-22 Yogaksemam vahamayaham Take care of people's welfare XIII-45 Swakarma niratah siddhim Through one's role-action one attains perfection XIII-63 Yathicchasi tatha kuru Act as you choose Source: Sharma, Subhash, Corporate Gita: Lessons for Management, Administration and Leadership, Journal of Human Values, 1995

32. Decision-making styles and the Gita Karma Jnana Yoga Bhakti Defining characteristic Dynamic/Implementor Analytical Creative/Imaginator Relational/Collaborator Focus of information acquisition "How" "What and how much" "If" "Why" Inclinations Practical methods to act Data, figures, charts, models Novelty, alternatives Informal meetings Dislikings Vague ideas Mental pictures Details Non-human factors Mode of thinking In terms of action Point by point sequentially and logically Jumping from idea to idea Thinks in terms of feelings Motivated by Practical approach Intellectual approach New ideas Emotional approach Mind-set Pragmatic Rationality oriented Creative Emotive Metaphorical analogy Hand Head Third eye Heart Source: Someshwarananda, Swami, Indian Wisdom for Management, Ahmedabad, 1996, Ahmedabad Management Association.

33. The 3 Gunas in the Gita Ruling Guna Style of working Committed to Ability to empathize State of mind Sattva: Individual are harmonious and virtuous; They work toward self actualisation and are selfless. Steady and leisurely Organizational goals, shared values and higher purpose Sensitive to others needs, understands feelings Equilibrium: Understand both sides of events. Rajas: Individuals are agents of growth and expansion;have high ambitions for and think only about themselves and their organization: aggressive;not self actualized Spasmodic, workaholic Ego, name, fame, power Honorable, protective of subordinates High energy: One sided- recalls only what is favorable. Tamas: Individuals are lethargic and corrupt;driven by their own personal interests; not compassionate;will sacrifice anyone to achieve selfish goals;bring discomfort to organization. Lazy,indifferent, procrastinates Bad habits, rumors,indolence Slavish or impudent, easily swayed Inertia: Hazy-cannot recall the right time Nirguna: Beyond the three gunas: Realized Person. Tat- Twam-Asi Effortless, spontaneous and inspiring Transparent, uninvolved, complete Compassionate, giving, sharing, non-possessive Clinical: without baggage Source: Natesan, Chinna N., Keefe, Michael J., and Darling, John, Enhancement of Global Business Practices: Lessons from the Hindu Bhagavad Gita, European Business Review, 2009, Vol. 21, No.2

34. You are free to choose Iti te jnanam akhyatam, Guhyad guhyataram maya Vimrsyaitad asesena, Yathecchasi tatha kuru (XVIII- 63) Thus I have explained to you the most confidential of all knowledge. Deliberate on this fully, and then do what you wish to do.

35. Conclusion Yatra yogesvarah krsno, Yatra partho dhanur- dharah Tatra srir vijayo bhutir, Dhruva nitir matir mama (XVIII-78) Wherever there is Krishna, the Lord of Yoga to give the Gita-teaching for the guidance of mankind, and there are people like Arjuna, the archer, to implement whole-heartedly and with full energy the Gita-teachng, then wonderful results like the following are sure to be achieved, namely, good fortune, victory, welfare, and a stable moral order.

36. Q & A Thank You Dr. Milind R Agarwal milindagarwal@gmail.com 9833943789