The Geography of RomeThe Geography of Rome

The Mythical Founding of Rome:

Romulus & Remus

The Mythical Founding of Rome:

Romulus & Remus

Italy Italy

Latins

Etruscans

Greeks

Influence of the EtruscansInfluence of the Etruscans WritingWriting ReligionReligion Roads Roads The ArchThe ArchMetallurgyMetallurgy

The Twelve Tables, 450 BCEThe Twelve Tables, 450 BCEProvided political and social rights for the plebeians.

Republican GovernmentRepublican Government

2 Consuls (Rulers of Rome)

Dictator (ruled for 6 months, chosen by Consuls)

Senate (Representative body for patricians)

Assembly (Representative body for plebeians) fasces

Society• Pater familia• Women• Slavery• Cities and Urban Life• Homes

– atriums

Social ClassesPatricians

Plebeians

Gravitas [Roman Values]

discipline, strength, loyalty

Rome’s Early Road System

Rome’s Early Road System

Military

The Roman ForumThe Roman Forum

Roman Roads: The Appian Way

Roman Roads: The Appian Way

Circus MaximusCircus Maximus

Carthaginian EmpireCarthaginian Empire

Punic Wars

First Punic War--264-241 BCE

•control of Sicily and Mediterranean Sea

•turning point of war--beached Carthaginian ship

•use of raven (iron hook)

•victory for Romans

Second Punic War218-202 BCE

• Rome’s navy expands

• Hannibal and Alps

• Scipio– Battle of Zama

Hannibal’s RouteHannibal’s Route

Third Punic War149-146 BCE

“Carthage must be destroyed.”-

Cato

Collapse of the Republic

Returning soldiers find land destroyed

Landless move to Rome--often riot

Wealthy gained spoils of war

Slave Revolts

Reform LeadersReform Leaders

Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus - the poor should be given grain

and small plots of free land.

Civil and Social Wars

Sulla declares himself Dictator

Kills all enemies except-Caesar

First TriumvirateFirst Triumvirate

Crassus

Pompey

Julius Caesar

Gallic Wars

Commentaries on the Gallic Wars--Caesar

Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BCCrossing the Rubicon, 49 BC

CaesarDictator 46 BC

• Ten years not 6 months

• Roman citizenship granted in provinces

• Increased number of senators

• Ended Draft

• Public Works=decreased unemployment

• 20 new provinces=land to landless

• Julian Calendar

Beware the Ides of March!44 BCE

Beware the Ides of March!44 BCE

The Second TriumvirateThe Second Triumvirate

Octavian

Marc Antony

Marcus Lepidus

What group influenced Rome with its religion, metallurgy, roads, etc.?

A.) Etruscans

B.) Greeks

C.) Latins

D.) Huns

The Punic Wars were fought between Rome and Carthage over control of

the

A.) City of Rome

B.) Mediterranean Sea

C.) The Atlantic Ocean

D.) The Black Sea

The plebians were successful in getting a written law code which

became the basis for Roman Law. This law code was called.

A.) Hammurabi's Code

B.) Justinian's Code

C.) The Twelve Tables

D.) The Forum

Octavian Augustus:Rome’s First EmperorOctavian Augustus:

Rome’s First Emperor

Accomplishments of Augustus•Encouraged trade

•Long-lasting system of government

•Buildings and monuments

•Common coinage

•Public works programs

•Civil Service

Pax Romana: 27 BCE – 180 CE

Pax Romana: 27 BCE – 180 CE

                                                                        

Pantheon

Roman Aqueducts

Roman Aqueducts

The Roman ColosseumThe Roman Colosseum

The Colosseum InteriorThe Colosseum Interior

The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire – 14 CE

The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire – 14 CE

Slavery

• Widespread

• Most were conquered peoples

• Children of slaves became slaves

• Property of owner

Culture and Philosophy

Epicureanism

Stoicism

Marcus Aurelius

Literature• Livy• Aeneid

– Virgil

• Tacitus– Satires

– Annals

Science and Technology

Roman Baths

Imperial Roman Road SystemImperial Roman Road System

Eurasian Trade

The Rise of ChristianityThe Rise of Christianity

St. Paul: Apostle to the Gentiles

St. Paul: Apostle to the Gentiles

The Spread of ChristianityThe Spread of Christianity

Early Christian Church

Diocletian Splits the Empire in Two: 294 CE

Diocletian Splits the Empire in Two: 294 CE

Constantine: 312 - 337Constantine: 312 - 337

Constantinople: The 2nd RomeFounded in 330

Constantinople: The 2nd RomeFounded in 330

Theodosius• Upon his death Empire

Divided-

• 395 CE

• Western part—Roman Empire

• Eastern part—Byzantine Empire with capital in Byzantium [Constantinople]

Barbarian Invasions: 4c-5cBarbarian Invasions: 4c-5c

Attila the Hun:“The Scourge of God”

Attila the Hun:“The Scourge of God”

Fall of Western Roman Empire

Political

Social

Economic

Military

The Legacy of RomeThe Legacy of Rome Republic GovernmentRepublic Government Roman LawRoman Law Latin Language—Romance LanguagesLatin Language—Romance Languages Roman Catholic ChurchRoman Catholic Church City PlanningCity Planning Romanesque Architectural StyleRomanesque Architectural Style Roman EngineeringRoman Engineering - aqueducts - aqueducts - sewage systems - sewage systems - dams - dams - concrete - concrete - arch - arch