the genres

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READINGCOMPREHENSION

Do not read the passage before you read the questions. Start by reading the first question. If it

deals with the main idea/point/purpose or best title, you should answer this question

last. By the time you have answered the other questions,

you will be able to answer general ones.

GENERAL TIP

READINGCOMPREHENSION

It is suggested to identify the types of the passage/text you

are reading

GENERAL TIP 2

Narrative News Item

ReportRecount

Procedure Descriptive

Exposition Discussion

Explanation

Spoof

Review

Types of text/passage

Complete this text according to the passage you’ve heard.Singapore (DPA) : Shifting winds are bringing hazy

conditions to from (1) on the Indonesian island of Sumatra, but the air quality is not yet (2) , environmental officials said on Wednesday.

The haze (3) to prevail in Singapore over thenext few days, said the National Environmental Agency (NEA).The latest (4) shots showed (5) haze in central Sumatra although the area’s hot spots were down from 84 to 5.

“As central and southern Sumatra are expected (6) dry in the next few days, the hot spot situation will remain ofconcern,” a spokesman said.

Air quality levels in Malaysia were hit. The Klang Valley,which includes Kuala Lumpur, were described by officials asunhealthy and (7) .

Poor (8) in Pekanbaru, Sumatra prevented sevenflights from landing and one from (9) .

Land-clearing fires in Indonesia ignite fears annually ofchocking (10) blanketing neighbouring countries.

firesunhealthy

is expected

satellite smoke

to remain

worseningvisibility

taking off

pollutants

is a piece of writingabout an important event

or situation that takes place / happens on a

particular day.

News Item

Communicative purpose

to inform the readers, listeners, or viewersabout the events of the day which are considered important.

Newsworthy event( paragraph 1)

Background events

Sources

Generic Structure

Place main event time

Chronological events

witnesses, participants (victims), authority experts.

ExampleDenpasar, Bali (JP, August 1999): environmental organization Fauna Conservation for Life (KSBBK) claimed that Bali is the biggest site of turtle trading in this year.

According to Putu Lisa Kusuma Mustika, a reptile expert from the Indonesian World Wildlife Fund (WWF) , tortoises have been killed in several areas of Indonesia, with the highest number in Bali. “Most of them are consumed as food while some of them are used for traditional ceremonies,” Putu told Jakarta Post. Besides its meat, Putu said, tortoise shells are also used as souvenirs for tourists.

Newsworthyevent

Backgroundevent

Source

Place Main event Time

An authorityexpert

topic Main idea

Where can the answers be found, andhow to answer the questions ?

1.The questions deal with :

Newsworthy event( paragraph 1 )

Example11. The topic of the article is …..

A. souvenirs from tortoise shellsB. fauna conversation for lifeC. the protected animalsD. turtle trading

Notes:topic/title isgenerallystated in theform ofphrase.

•the main topic •the main idea•the best title

2. The questions deal with :

Background events

Example 12. According to this article, ….A. Lisa is a reptile expert from the Indonesian World Wildlife Fund B. Bali is the place to kill and sell tortoises.C. In Bali, many tortoises have been killed for various purposes.D. In Bali, tortoises were killed to be eaten.

Specific information


Example13. The writer’s purpose by writing

this article is ……A. to educate the readers not to buy tortoises B. to inform the readers about turtle tradingC. to influence the readers not to eat tortoiseD. to persuade the readers not to sell tortoise.

implicit information(main purpose)

by identifying the types of the text.

Example14. Putu Lisa Kusuma Mustika in this passage has a role as …... A. a victim B. a witness C. an authority expert D. a writer of the article

Report provides factual informationabout a specific subject like : social phenomenon nature man-made

The factual information provided inthe report text is objective andimpartial/neutral.

Communicativepurpose

to describe a specific subject

Such as : rain, animal (nature) education, jobless (social phenomenon) electricity, nuclear (man-made)

Generic structure

Generalclassification Opening statement that

introduces the subject.

Description The supporting of the paragraphsto describe the subject in detailsuch as : parts the qualities appearance habitat / behaviour uses

Example

GeneralGeneralclassificlassificationcation

Polar bears are the largest land carnivore and Polar bears are the largest land carnivore and has a reputation as the only animals that has a reputation as the only animals that actually hunt humans. They are found actually hunt humans. They are found throughout the circumpolar Arctic, south to throughout the circumpolar Arctic, south to Canada.Canada.

DescripDescriptiontion

Polar bears are large and stocky with hind limbs Polar bears are large and stocky with hind limbs that are longer than the forelimbs, and a long that are longer than the forelimbs, and a long neck. They have large, furry feet that act as neck. They have large, furry feet that act as snowshoes. Their creamy- white fur is dense and snowshoes. Their creamy- white fur is dense and water-repellent, enabling them to shake dry water-repellent, enabling them to shake dry after swimming.after swimming.Polar bears spend most of their time on Arctic Polar bears spend most of their time on Arctic floes, and when they are on shore they remain floes, and when they are on shore they remain near the water.near the water.They are usually solitary, except during the They are usually solitary, except during the breeding season (mid summer) although they breeding season (mid summer) although they will sometimes aggregate to feed on large whale will sometimes aggregate to feed on large whale carcasses. Polar bears are active at night.carcasses. Polar bears are active at night.They are strong swimmers and have many They are strong swimmers and have many adaptations for aquatic environment. Their life adaptations for aquatic environment. Their life span can reach 25 years.span can reach 25 years.

physicalphysical appearanceappearance

habitathabitat

behavior/behavior/ habitshabits

qualitiesqualities

Where can the answers be found, andhow to answer the questions ?1.The questions deal with :

Generalclassification

15. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage ? A. Polar BearsB. Polar Bears’ HabitatC. Human Hunter Animals D. Polar Bears are the Night Animals

•the main topic •the main idea•the best title

Example


Description

16. Which of the following is true according to the text ?A. Shore is the best habitat for polar bears.B. Polar bears are the food of a large whale.C. Polar bears always use snowshoes to go.D. Water-repellent fur acts as a shield

against the water.

Specific information

Example


17. What is the function of the passage ?A. to explain the polar bears. B. to inform the readers about polar bears.C. to make the readers interested in polar bear. D. to describe the polar bears.

implicit information(main purpose)

by identifying the types of the text.

Example

18. The word ‘carcasses’ in the passage is closest in meaning to …. A. corpse. B. food C. breeding D. swimming

Example

PROCEDURE• Aim: to give instruction on how to do

things• Generic structure:

- The purpose of the activity- list of materials- list of equipment- steps

• Linguistic features: imperative, action verbs, connectives

the genres

Education