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6 key points of New France

The French Regime: 1663-1760

The broken promise of the Company of 100 Associates was the catalyst for great change in New France.

Royal Government: 1663

The King of France was upset that the fur trade companies did not keep their promise

about bringing settlers.

CultureAbsolutismA belief that the ruler King

or Queen was said to receive his or her power directly from God and was their representative on earth.

Economy

Diversification:The act of introducing variety.

When the king takes control NF will evolve from 1 pillar (Fur) to 6 pillars….

Jean Talon was sent by the King of

France to find out the problems in New

France. He was the first Intendant of New

France

Jean Talon

The First CensusThe First Census In order to find out

the problems, Jean Talon completed the first census.

Refer to your copy in our package and answer all the questions.

Jean Talon

He found 3 main problems.He found 3 main problems.-Not enough women-No protection for

the colony-Not enough people

staying in New France

Jean Talon

His solutions: His solutions:A) Bring over specific

groups of immigrants:-les Filles du Roi

Jean Talon

SoldiersSoldiersSoldiers from the Carignan Salieres Regiment.

EngagésEngagésThey were hired

workers (on a contract) with little rights.

-Jean Talon and the King hoped they would stay after their contract was up

But only a few did

Incentives for population growth

-Baby Bonuses for couples who had at least 10 children

- Fines on men and women who remained unmarried 14 and 16.

-Men could not get involved in fur trade if they weren’t married

To organize the settlement of people in New France in an organized way by fixing rights and duties of the Seigneur and Censitaire.

Promoted the Seigneurial System

Territory continued to expand due to exploration for the fur trade

a) 1663a) 1663 b) 1760b) 1760Total: 3000 peopleMainly male, French

origin & native

Total: 65,000Mixed population:Canadiens & FrenchAmerindians &

Blacks,Some were slaves.

2. Composition of the Population

a) Lots of babies natural increase..In fact NF had one of the highest rates in the world.

b) Traditional Canadien families are Catholic.Catholic church promoted large families.c) It was not uncommon for families to have

10 or more children.

Main reason for population growth.

Seigneurial System

A) French method of organizing the territoryB) Long rectangular plots of land along a body

of water.C) Components of each seigneury: Mill,

seigneur’s land, church, common land

1. There was ongoing trade between New France, France and the French West Indies.

2. How triangular trade works: a) The colonies provide raw materialsb) The Mother Country would transform those raw

materials into manufactured goods.c) C) The Mother Country would then sell the

manufactured goods to the colonies (usually for a ridiculous amount of money)

Triangular Trade

Triangular TradeTriangular Trade

MANUFACTURED GOODS: CLOTH, METALS, LIQUOR

RESOURCES: •Furs•Fish

RESOURCES:•RUM•Slaves

1. With the help of Jean Talon, and other intendants (Hoquart, etc) the economy of New France becomes diversified.

Meaning: the economy does not rely solely on the Fur trade

Diversification

Agriculture:Agriculture:

1. Population growth led to an increased demand for goods. Mainly FOOD!

A) Jean Talon encouraged the creation of more Seigneuries, this created a surplus in goods, which could now be sold for PROFIT!

B) Wheat becomes a staple product.

2. Impact on the Land2. Impact on the Land

A) Further development of the Seigneurial System

B) Construction of mills

C) More public markets

3. Impact on the People3. Impact on the People

A) Higher standard of livingB) Economy was no longer

based on self-sufficiencyC) Higher demand for

specialized workersd) Increased number of

people in the cities.

Shipping and IronworksShipping and Ironworks

1. Demand1. Demand

A) France needed ships for its Navy, and to export products to their colonies.

B) Many industries expanded because of this: Iron, tar, and rope.

2. Impact on the land2. Impact on the land

A) Mineral exploration for iron ore in Mauricie. (In the Canadian Shield)

B) New areas develop

Problems with the economy during the Problems with the economy during the French Regime. French Regime.

1. The economy of New France became dependent on manufactured goods from their Mother Country.

2. The fur trade is still the main attraction.

3. Lack of money being made in New France.

4. Not enough specialized workers.

a)Catholic religion continues to play a big role.

b)The idea of Absolutism still dominates. (symbols of the King are everywhere: Fleur de Lys)

Culture

2. The Independent Spirit of the HABITANTS:

A) Because of the distance & lack of control from the Mother Country the French Canadian peasants (habitants) were forced to take care of themselves.

B) They developed an “Independent Spirit” or in other words a Self Reliance.

2. The Independent Spirit of the HABITANTS:

C) Their contact with the Aboriginals helped them to do this.

They blended the 2 cultures to create their own.

D) Examples: use of birch bark canoes, snowshoes, building new types of houses to suit the weather, fur trading without a permit.

Power

1. The Great Peace of Montreal (1701)

A) Amerindian nations are not doing well (diseases and wars)

B) More than 1,300 Amerindians, from forty different nations, gathered near Montreal. They came from the Mississippi Valley, the Great Lakes, and Acadia.

C)Many were lifelong enemies

1. The Great Peace of Montreal (1701)

D) They agreed there would be no more wars between the French and the Amerindians.

E) Thirty-eight nations signed the treaty, including the Iroquois.

F) The Iroquois promised to remain neutral in any future conflict between the French and their former allies, the English colonists of New England.

The State and the administrators of the colony:

A) The Bishops, Intendants and Governors (The B.I.G. 3 of Royal Government) all demanded things from France.

Examples: More money, more military resources, more land (for themselves).

B) For the most part, they did not get what they wanted.

C) France had little to no interest in their colony in the mid 1700’s.

3. The State and the Habitants:

A) The “regular” people were at the lowest level in Royal Government.

They had no say in the colony.

B) Means (ways) of control:To ensure (make sure) that the rules/laws of

the colony were followed, the state used three principal means of control:

3. The State and the Habitants:

The Army

Public Punishments

Public HangingsPublic Hangings Public WhippingPublic Whipping

Public Shows of Power and Wealth

Chateau St-LouisChateau St-Louis Intendant’s PalaceIntendant’s Palace