the european union - an end to war in europe?
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The European Union - an end to war in Europe?. Idea of a unified Europe not a new one - look at the Roman Empire! Then Napoléon tried …….. But after WWII, European leaders were determined to bind Europe together to put an end to war on the continent once and for all. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Thursday, 01 September 2005Chris SNUGGS, ISUGA
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The Development of the European Union
The European Union - an end to war in Europe?
Thursday, 01 September 2005Chris SNUGGS, ISUGA
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The Development of the European Union
Idea of a unified Europe not a new one - look at the Roman Empire! Then Napoléon tried ……..
But after WWII, European leaders were determined to bind Europe together to put an end to war on the continent once and for all.
Many worked to help make this dream come true. Among the early flag-bearers were Jean Monnet & Maurice Schumann, who will always be associated with the creation of a unified Europe.
Jean Monnet - (1888-1979) First President of the
European Coal & Steel Community - '52 to '55
Maurice Schumann (1911-1998)
French Foreign Minister
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The Development of the European Union
"Europe will not be made all at once, or according to a
single plan. It will be built through concrete
achievements which first create a de facto solidarity.
The coming together of the nations of Europe requires
the elimination of the age-old opposition of France
and Germany. Any action taken must in the first place
concern these two countries. With this aim in view,
the French Government proposes that action be taken
immediately on one limited but decisive point. It
proposes that Franco-German production of coal and
steel as a whole be placed under a common High
Authority, within the framework of an organisation
open to the participation of the other countries of
Europe. The pooling of coal and steel production
should immediately provide for the setting up of
common foundations for economic development as a
first step in the federation of Europe (...)"
Robert Schumann, French Foreign
Minister,and his historic speech of 1950
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The Development of the European Union
In 1946, Winston Churchill said:
"We must build a kind of United States of Europe. In
this way only will hundreds of millions of toilers be
able to regain the simple joys and hopes which make
life worth living. The process is simple. All that is
needed is the resolve of hundreds of millions of men
and women to do right instead of wrong and to gain
as their reward blessing instead of cursing." (...) The
first step in the recreation of the European Family
must be a partnership between France and Germany."
Part 1 -1945 to 1957
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The Development of the European Union
ECSC was such a success that the same six countries decided tointegrate other sectors of their economies.
On March 25th 1957 they signed the Treaties of Rome, creating the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) and the European Economic Community (EEC). The member states set about removing trade barriers between them and forming a "common market".
The Original six "Founder Members"
•France
•Germany
•Italy
•Belgium
•Holland
•Luxembourg
Britain was invited to join,
but hesitated ….
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The Development of the European Union
July 30th 1961: introduction of the CAP (Common Agriculture Policy)
1967: the institutions of the three European communities were merged; from this point on, there was a single Commission and a single Council of Ministers as well as the European Parliament
July 1st 1968: six member states abolished mutual trade barriers and adopted common customs policy for goods from outside the EU
1973: Britain, Denmark & Ireland joined the Common Market.
Britain had long hesitated to join, fearing loss of sovereignty; economic realities eventually forced her to reconsider, but French President Charles de Gaulle vetoed Britain's entry; he could not accept Britain's close links with the USA - an on-going problem for France in its attitude to Britain
De Gaulle also feared dilution of the EU …..
Part 2 - from 1961
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The Development of the European Union
Sir Edward Heath signing UK accession to the Common Market in 1973.
New Members in 1973
• Britain
• Denmark
• Ireland
French President and war hero Charles de Gaulle, a long-time thorn in the side of England, despite being allies in WWII.
The UK was only able to join after his departure from politics.
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The Development of the European Union
New Members in 1980s: Greece (1981)
Portugal & Spain (1986)
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The Development of the European Union
signed on February 7th 1992; came into force January 1993
by adding this inter-governmental co-operation to the existing "Community" system, the Maastricht Treaty created the European Union (EU)
aim to make easier development of economic and monetary union as well as political
introduced new forms of co-operation between the member state governments - for example on defence, and in the area of "justice and home affairs"
The Treaty of the European Union (Maastricht Treaty)
Big step towards more common policies
Economic and political integration means joint policy decisions
EU countries have developed common policies in a very wide range of fields
These include: •agriculture•culture•consumer affairs•competition•environment
•energy •transport•trade•education
Thursday, 01 September 2005Chris SNUGGS, ISUGA
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The Development of the European Union
January 1994 - European Monetary Institute (EMI) established as predecessor of European Central Bank but with limited competences
January 1st 1995 - fourth enlargement of EU; Austria, Sweden, and Finland become members of the EU; Norway again voted against membership
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The Development of the European Union
March 25th 1995 - Schengen Agreement came into force; provided open borders, banned custom inspection between states that signed it and also provided closer police and judicial cooperation
December 13th 1997 - EU started process of enlargement for ten new member states from Eastern Europe and Cyprus
May 25th 1998 - European Commission formally recommended eleven member states to enter EMU and participate in creation of Euro; Germany, France, Austria, Belgium, Finland, Ireland, Italy, Luxemburg, the Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain
January 1st 1999 - European Central Bank took over EU central monetary government with headquarters in Frankfurt
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The Development of the European Union
The "Schengen" Countries
•full members
•partial members
•non EU with special agreement
•non-Schengen
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The Development of the European Union
January 4th 1999 - euro becomes single currency in eleven members of EMU
January 2nd 2001- Greece becomes twelfth member of Euro zone
January 1st 2002 - the euro becomes official payment currency.
February 28th 2002 - the euro becomes the sole currency within the twelve participating Member States
February 1st 2003 - Treaty of Nice comes into force
May 1st 2004 - Accession Treaty enters into force - the European Union's biggest enlargement ever
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The Development of the European Union
New Members in 2004
100 million new members:
•Cyrus
•Czech Republic
•Hungary
•Malta
•Poland
•Slovakia
•Slovenia
•Estonia•Latvia•Lithuania
The Baltic States
plus
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The Development of the European Union
The Euro Countries (Euroland)
"Euroland"
EU, but not in Euroland
Non-EU
EUROPEAN COUNTRY AREA (EU) POP (EU) EU "EUROLAND" SCHENGEN EEA EFTA
TOTALS -> 3 982 304 451 829 200 25 12 15 28 4 Austria 83 858 8 100 000 YES YES YES YES NO
Belgium 30 158 10 200 000 YES YES YES YES NO
Cyprus 9 000 800 000 YES NO NO YES NO
Czech Republic 79 000 10 300 000 YES NO NO YES NO
Denmark 43 094 5 300 000 YES NO YES YES NO
Estonia 45 000 1 400 000 YES NO NO YES NO
Finland 338 000 5 100 000 YES YES YES YES NO
France 555 000 60 400 000 YES YES YES YES NO
Germany 356 854 82 000 000 YES YES YES YES NO
Greece 131 957 10 500 000 YES YES NO YES NO
Hungary 93 000 10 200 000 YES NO NO YES NO
Italy 301 263 57 600 000 YES YES YES YES NO
Latvia 65 000 2 400 000 YES NO NO YES NO
Lithuania 65 000 3 500 000 YES NO NO YES NO
Luxembourg 2 586 429 200 YES YES YES YES NO
Malta 316 400 000 YES NO NO YES NO
Netherlands 41 864 15 800 000 YES YES YES YES NO
Poland 313 000 38 600 000 YES NO NO YES NO
Portugal 92 072 10 800 000 YES YES YES YES NO
Republic of Ireland 70 000 3 700 000 YES YES NO YES NO
Slovakia 49 000 5 400 000 YES NO NO YES NO
Slovenia 20 000 2 000 000 YES NO NO YES NO
Spain 504 782 39 400 000 YES YES YES YES NO
Sweden 450 000 8 900 000 YES NO YES YES NO
United Kingdom 242 500 58 600 000 YES NO NO YES NO
Switzerland 41 290 7 489 370 NO NO YES NO YESIceland 103 000 296 737 NO NO YES YES YESLiechtenstein 160 33 717 NO NO NO YES YESNorway 324 220 4 593 041 NO NO YES YES YES
Rumania 237 000 22 329 977 NO NO NO NOBulgaria 111 000 7 453 590 2007 NO NO NO NOCroatia 56 542 4 500 000 ? NO NO NO NOTurkey 780 580 70 000 000 ? NO NO NO NO
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The Development of the European Union
The European Union Today
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The Development of the European Union