the european union - an end to war in europe?

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Thursday, 01 September 2005 Chris SNUGGS, ISUGA 1 The Development of the European Union The European Union - an end to war in Europe?

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The European Union - an end to war in Europe?. Idea of a unified Europe not a new one - look at the Roman Empire! Then Napoléon tried …….. But after WWII, European leaders were determined to bind Europe together to put an end to war on the continent once and for all. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: The European Union -  an end to war in Europe?

Thursday, 01 September 2005Chris SNUGGS, ISUGA

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The Development of the European Union

The European Union - an end to war in Europe?

Page 2: The European Union -  an end to war in Europe?

Thursday, 01 September 2005Chris SNUGGS, ISUGA

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The Development of the European Union

Idea of a unified Europe not a new one - look at the Roman Empire! Then Napoléon tried ……..

But after WWII, European leaders were determined to bind Europe together to put an end to war on the continent once and for all.

Many worked to help make this dream come true. Among the early flag-bearers were Jean Monnet & Maurice Schumann, who will always be associated with the creation of a unified Europe.

Jean Monnet - (1888-1979) First President of the

European Coal & Steel Community - '52 to '55

Maurice Schumann (1911-1998)

French Foreign Minister

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Thursday, 01 September 2005Chris SNUGGS, ISUGA

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The Development of the European Union

"Europe will not be made all at once, or according to a

single plan. It will be built through concrete

achievements which first create a de facto solidarity.

The coming together of the nations of Europe requires

the elimination of the age-old opposition of France

and Germany. Any action taken must in the first place

concern these two countries. With this aim in view,

the French Government proposes that action be taken

immediately on one limited but decisive point. It

proposes that Franco-German production of coal and

steel as a whole be placed under a common High

Authority, within the framework of an organisation

open to the participation of the other countries of

Europe. The pooling of coal and steel production

should immediately provide for the setting up of

common foundations for economic development as a

first step in the federation of Europe (...)"

Robert Schumann, French Foreign

Minister,and his historic speech of 1950

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Thursday, 01 September 2005Chris SNUGGS, ISUGA

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The Development of the European Union

In 1946, Winston Churchill said:

"We must build a kind of United States of Europe. In

this way only will hundreds of millions of toilers be

able to regain the simple joys and hopes which make

life worth living. The process is simple. All that is

needed is the resolve of hundreds of millions of men

and women to do right instead of wrong and to gain

as their reward blessing instead of cursing." (...) The

first step in the recreation of the European Family

must be a partnership between France and Germany."

Part 1 -1945 to 1957

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Thursday, 01 September 2005Chris SNUGGS, ISUGA

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The Development of the European Union

ECSC was such a success that the same six countries decided tointegrate other sectors of their economies.

On March 25th 1957 they signed the Treaties of Rome, creating the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) and the European Economic Community (EEC). The member states set about removing trade barriers between them and forming a "common market".

The Original six "Founder Members"

•France

•Germany

•Italy

•Belgium

•Holland

•Luxembourg

Britain was invited to join,

but hesitated ….

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Thursday, 01 September 2005Chris SNUGGS, ISUGA

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The Development of the European Union

July 30th 1961: introduction of the CAP (Common Agriculture Policy)

1967: the institutions of the three European communities were merged; from this point on, there was a single Commission and a single Council of Ministers as well as the European Parliament

July 1st 1968: six member states abolished mutual trade barriers and adopted common customs policy for goods from outside the EU

1973: Britain, Denmark & Ireland joined the Common Market.

Britain had long hesitated to join, fearing loss of sovereignty; economic realities eventually forced her to reconsider, but French President Charles de Gaulle vetoed Britain's entry; he could not accept Britain's close links with the USA - an on-going problem for France in its attitude to Britain

De Gaulle also feared dilution of the EU …..

Part 2 - from 1961

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Thursday, 01 September 2005Chris SNUGGS, ISUGA

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The Development of the European Union

Sir Edward Heath signing UK accession to the Common Market in 1973.

New Members in 1973

• Britain

• Denmark

• Ireland

French President and war hero Charles de Gaulle, a long-time thorn in the side of England, despite being allies in WWII.

The UK was only able to join after his departure from politics.

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Thursday, 01 September 2005Chris SNUGGS, ISUGA

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The Development of the European Union

New Members in 1980s: Greece (1981)

Portugal & Spain (1986)

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Thursday, 01 September 2005Chris SNUGGS, ISUGA

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The Development of the European Union

signed on February 7th 1992; came into force January 1993

by adding this inter-governmental co-operation to the existing "Community" system, the Maastricht Treaty created the European Union (EU)

aim to make easier development of economic and monetary union as well as political

introduced new forms of co-operation between the member state governments - for example on defence, and in the area of "justice and home affairs"

The Treaty of the European Union (Maastricht Treaty)

Big step towards more common policies

Economic and political integration means joint policy decisions

EU countries have developed common policies in a very wide range of fields

These include: •agriculture•culture•consumer affairs•competition•environment

•energy •transport•trade•education

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The Development of the European Union

January 1994 - European Monetary Institute (EMI) established as predecessor of European Central Bank but with limited competences

January 1st 1995 - fourth enlargement of EU; Austria, Sweden, and Finland become members of the EU; Norway again voted against membership

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The Development of the European Union

March 25th 1995 - Schengen Agreement came into force; provided open borders, banned custom inspection between states that signed it and also provided closer police and judicial cooperation

December 13th 1997 - EU started process of enlargement for ten new member states from Eastern Europe and Cyprus

May 25th 1998 - European Commission formally recommended eleven member states to enter EMU and participate in creation of Euro; Germany, France, Austria, Belgium, Finland, Ireland, Italy, Luxemburg, the Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain

January 1st 1999 - European Central Bank took over EU central monetary government with headquarters in Frankfurt

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The Development of the European Union

The "Schengen" Countries

•full members

•partial members

•non EU with special agreement

•non-Schengen

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Thursday, 01 September 2005Chris SNUGGS, ISUGA

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The Development of the European Union

January 4th 1999 - euro becomes single currency in eleven members of EMU

January 2nd 2001- Greece becomes twelfth member of Euro zone

January 1st 2002 - the euro becomes official payment currency.

February 28th 2002 - the euro becomes the sole currency within the twelve participating Member States

February 1st 2003 - Treaty of Nice comes into force

May 1st 2004 - Accession Treaty enters into force - the European Union's biggest enlargement ever

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The Development of the European Union

New Members in 2004

100 million new members:

•Cyrus

•Czech Republic

•Hungary

•Malta

•Poland

•Slovakia

•Slovenia

•Estonia•Latvia•Lithuania

The Baltic States

plus

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The Development of the European Union

The Euro Countries (Euroland)

"Euroland"

EU, but not in Euroland

Non-EU

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EUROPEAN COUNTRY AREA (EU) POP (EU) EU "EUROLAND" SCHENGEN EEA EFTA

TOTALS -> 3 982 304 451 829 200 25 12 15 28 4 Austria 83 858 8 100 000 YES YES YES YES NO

 Belgium 30 158 10 200 000 YES YES YES YES NO

 Cyprus 9 000 800 000 YES NO NO YES NO

 Czech Republic 79 000 10 300 000 YES NO NO YES NO

 Denmark 43 094 5 300 000 YES NO YES YES NO

 Estonia 45 000 1 400 000 YES NO NO YES NO

 Finland 338 000 5 100 000 YES YES YES YES NO

 France 555 000 60 400 000 YES YES YES YES NO

 Germany 356 854 82 000 000 YES YES YES YES NO

 Greece 131 957 10 500 000 YES YES NO YES NO

 Hungary 93 000 10 200 000 YES NO NO YES NO

 Italy 301 263 57 600 000 YES YES YES YES NO

 Latvia 65 000 2 400 000 YES NO NO YES NO

 Lithuania 65 000 3 500 000 YES NO NO YES NO

 Luxembourg 2 586 429 200 YES YES YES YES NO

 Malta 316 400 000 YES NO NO YES NO

 Netherlands 41 864 15 800 000 YES YES YES YES NO

 Poland 313 000 38 600 000 YES NO NO YES NO

 Portugal 92 072 10 800 000 YES YES YES YES NO

 Republic of Ireland 70 000 3 700 000 YES YES NO YES NO

 Slovakia 49 000 5 400 000 YES NO NO YES NO

 Slovenia 20 000 2 000 000 YES NO NO YES NO

 Spain 504 782 39 400 000 YES YES YES YES NO

Sweden 450 000 8 900 000 YES NO YES YES NO

 United Kingdom 242 500 58 600 000 YES NO NO YES NO

Switzerland 41 290 7 489 370 NO NO YES NO YESIceland 103 000 296 737 NO NO YES YES YESLiechtenstein 160 33 717 NO NO NO YES YESNorway 324 220 4 593 041 NO NO YES YES YES

Rumania 237 000 22 329 977 NO NO NO NOBulgaria 111 000 7 453 590 2007 NO NO NO NOCroatia 56 542 4 500 000 ? NO NO NO NOTurkey 780 580 70 000 000 ? NO NO NO NO

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The Development of the European Union

The European Union Today

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The Development of the European Union