The Enlightenment The Enlightenment ThinkersThinkers

Fill in your chart with these Fill in your chart with these facts as we go through the facts as we go through the

notes. notes.

Basics Vocab Basics Vocab Natural RightsNatural Rights

Rights that all humans are given at birthRights that all humans are given at birthSeparation of PowersSeparation of Powers

The idea that governments should have The idea that governments should have more than one person in charge to more than one person in charge to make sure things are equal. make sure things are equal.

Philosopher-KingPhilosopher-KingPlato’s idea of the perfect ruler who Plato’s idea of the perfect ruler who

would be trained and educated in would be trained and educated in Philosophy before becoming a king.Philosophy before becoming a king.

Quick ReviewQuick ReviewWhat is the difference between an What is the difference between an

absolute monarch and a limited monarch? absolute monarch and a limited monarch?

What is the difference between a direct What is the difference between a direct democracy and an indirect democracy democracy and an indirect democracy (also called a representative democracy)?(also called a representative democracy)?

AristotleAristotle

Add to your Basics VocabAdd to your Basics VocabAristotleAristotle – Greek philosopher who – Greek philosopher who

argued that democracy was the least argued that democracy was the least dangerous form of government (if dangerous form of government (if everyone was educated and power everyone was educated and power was held by the middle class) was held by the middle class) His second preferred type of His second preferred type of

government was a king guided by a government was a king guided by a group of philosophers.group of philosophers.

AristotleAristotleIdeal Form of Ideal Form of GovernmentGovernment

Main Main Reasons/BeliefsReasons/Beliefs

Can People Can People Govern?Govern?

1.1. King with King with PhilosophePhilosophersrs

2.2. Democracy Democracy ruled by ruled by Middle Middle ClassClass

Unrealistic for Unrealistic for all citizens to all citizens to be educatedbe educatedTherefore a Therefore a King should King should rule w/guidance rule w/guidance of philosophersof philosophers

NO – Unless NO – Unless they are they are educatededucated

Queen Queen Elizabeth IElizabeth I

Basics VocabBasics VocabQueen Elizabeth IQueen Elizabeth I – 16th – 16th

century monarch who century monarch who believed monarchs should be believed monarchs should be thought of as a parent of their thought of as a parent of their people, and have nearly people, and have nearly absolute control.absolute control.

Queen Elizabeth IQueen Elizabeth IIdeal Form Ideal Form of of GovernmentGovernment

Main Main Reasons/BeliefsReasons/Beliefs

Can People Can People Govern?Govern?

Wants Wants Absolute Absolute Monarchy Monarchy but has but has Limited Limited MonarchyMonarchy

Divine Right—Divine Right—believed God believed God gave her authority gave her authority to ruleto ruleBelieved each Believed each person is born person is born into their proper into their proper place in societyplace in societyShe thought she She thought she was the mother of was the mother of the peoplethe people

NoNo

Thomas HobbesThomas Hobbes

Add to your Basics Vocab…Add to your Basics Vocab…Thomas HobbesThomas Hobbes – 17th – 17th

century enlightenment century enlightenment thinker who believed that thinker who believed that absolute monarchs helped to absolute monarchs helped to control chaos in a society control chaos in a society

Thomas HobbesThomas HobbesIdeal Form Ideal Form of of GovernmentGovernment

Main Main Reasons/BeliefsReasons/Beliefs

Can Can People People Govern?Govern?

Absolute Absolute MonarchyMonarchy

All humans are All humans are naturally wickednaturally wickedGovernment Government protects people protects people from their own from their own selfishnessselfishnessKing/Queen=best King/Queen=best form of form of governmentgovernment

NoNo

John John LockeLocke

Add to Basics VocabAdd to Basics VocabJohn LockeJohn Locke – 17th century – 17th century

enlightenment thinker who believed enlightenment thinker who believed that when people are born “good” that when people are born “good” and all deserve natural rights. and all deserve natural rights. When people are denied their natural When people are denied their natural

rights, “life, liberty, and property”, rights, “life, liberty, and property”, people have the right to overthrow people have the right to overthrow the government. the government.

John LockeJohn LockeIdeal Form Ideal Form of of GovernmeGovernmentnt

Main Reasons/BeliefsMain Reasons/BeliefsCan Can People People GovernGovern??

Limited Limited MonarchyMonarchy

King & Queen need King & Queen need limitationslimitationsPeople can make good People can make good decisions if they have decisions if they have proper infoproper infoPeople should approve of People should approve of their leaderstheir leadersGovernment should Government should protect individual freedoms protect individual freedoms & liberties& libertiesNatural Rights—Life, Natural Rights—Life, Liberty & PropertyLiberty & Property

YesYes

King Louis King Louis XIVXIV

Basics VocabBasics VocabKing Louis XIVKing Louis XIV – 18th – 18th

century king of France who century king of France who believed that he received his believed that he received his authority by Divine Right and authority by Divine Right and was only answerable to God. was only answerable to God.

King Louis XIVKing Louis XIVIdeal Form of Ideal Form of GovernmentGovernment

Main ReasonsMain Reasons Can People Can People Govern?Govern?

Absolute Absolute Monarchy—a Monarchy—a ruler with ruler with unlimited unlimited powerspowers

Divine RightDivine Right—received —received authority authority from God & from God & only has to only has to answer to answer to God.God. -Took this -Took this belief to the belief to the extremeextreme

NoNo

Baron de MontesquieuBaron de Montesquieu

Basics Vocab Basics Vocab Baron de MontesquieuBaron de Montesquieu – 18th – 18th

century enlightenment century enlightenment philosopher who believed that philosopher who believed that government power should be government power should be separated (to create equality) separated (to create equality) and overall controlled by a and overall controlled by a limited monarch.limited monarch.

Baron de MontesquieuBaron de MontesquieuIdeal Form of Ideal Form of GovernmentGovernment

Main ReasonsMain Reasons Can People Can People Govern?Govern?

Limited Limited MonarchyMonarchy

Limited Limited powers powers makes makes country stablecountry stable““Separation Separation of Powers”of Powers”

Checks & Checks & BalancesBalances

Yes—but only Yes—but only if they are if they are educatededucated

PlatoPlato

Basics Vocab Basics Vocab PlatoPlato – Greek philosopher – Greek philosopher

who argued that government who argued that government leaders should be chosen by leaders should be chosen by their strengths and talents, their strengths and talents, not their family line or not their family line or money. money.

PlatoPlatoIdeal Form Ideal Form of of GovernmenGovernmentt

Main ReasonsMain Reasons Can People Can People Govern?Govern?

PhilosopherPhilosopher-King-King

Talent Talent determines each determines each person’s role in person’s role in societysocietyEveryone should Everyone should be educatedbe educatedDemocracy not Democracy not good = mob rulegood = mob rule

No—Only No—Only the the educated educated can rule.can rule.

Jean Jacques RousseauJean Jacques Rousseau

Basics VocabBasics VocabJean Jacques RousseauJean Jacques Rousseau – –

18th century enlightenment 18th century enlightenment philosopher who believed that philosopher who believed that direct democracy was direct democracy was possible because all people possible because all people are naturally good, and will do are naturally good, and will do what is best for their country.what is best for their country.

Jean Jacques RousseauJean Jacques RousseauIdeal Form Ideal Form of of GovernmentGovernment

Main ReasonsMain Reasons Can People Can People Govern?Govern?

Direct Direct DemocracyDemocracy

Everyone should Everyone should vote on vote on EVERYTHING!EVERYTHING!Absolute power Absolute power corrupts everybody.corrupts everybody.

YES!!YES!!

Mary Mary WollstonecrWollstonecr

aftaft

Basics VocabBasics VocabMary WollstonecraftMary Wollstonecraft – 19th – 19th

century feminist who argued century feminist who argued that women should be equal that women should be equal to men in education, to men in education, business, and government.business, and government.She wanted women to be She wanted women to be

equal NOT above the men. equal NOT above the men.

Mary WollstonecraftMary WollstonecraftIdeal Form Ideal Form of of GovernmentGovernment

Main ReasonsMain Reasons Can Can People People Govern?Govern?

Democracy Democracy or any or any system of system of EqualityEquality

Women should have Women should have equal rights in equal rights in education, business & education, business & governmentgovernment

YESYES

James MadisonJames Madison

James MadisonJames MadisonIdeal Form Ideal Form of of GovernmentGovernment

Main ReasonsMain Reasons Can Can People People Govern?Govern?

Indirect Indirect Democracy Democracy (aka (aka Republic or Republic or Rep. Rep. Democracy)Democracy)

Believed all people Believed all people were created equal were created equal and should have an and should have an equal voice in their equal voice in their government.government.Thought a system of Thought a system of checks and balances checks and balances would guarantee good would guarantee good decisions.decisions.

YESYES

Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson

Thomas JeffersonThomas JeffersonIdeal Form Ideal Form of of GovernmentGovernment

Main ReasonsMain Reasons Can Can People People Govern?Govern?

Indirect Indirect Democracy Democracy (aka (aka Republic or Republic or Rep. Rep. Democracy)Democracy)

Believed all people Believed all people were created equal were created equal and should have an and should have an equal voice in their equal voice in their government.government.Believed a society of Believed a society of farmers was farmers was independent minded.independent minded.

YESYES

Answer these in your Answer these in your notesnotes

Of the philosophers whose ideas did Of the philosophers whose ideas did you like the best? Why?you like the best? Why?Whose ideas did you like the Whose ideas did you like the

least? Why?least? Why?

Which of the thinkers’ ideas have Which of the thinkers’ ideas have been the most influential in the been the most influential in the modern development of democracy?modern development of democracy?

Autocracy Democracy

Draw this chart on the bottom of your notes or on a Draw this chart on the bottom of your notes or on a new sheet of papernew sheet of paper

Title: Title: Press Conference MatrixPress Conference MatrixWhere do you think the ELEVEN Philosophers line up on the chart

of Democracy?

Autocracy Democracy

——Press Conference MatrixPress Conference MatrixWhere do you think the ELEVEN Philosophers line up on the chart

of Democracy?

King Louis XIV

Queen Elizabeth I Thoma

s Hobbes

Plato Aristotle

Montesquieu

John Locke

Wollstonecraft

RousseauJefferson

Madison