The Endocrine System snd Reproductive

SystemHormones, Hormones

and, more Hormones!!!The endocrine system

sends out chemical

signals to tell cells what

to do.

The reproductive system

produces ova and

sperm for propagation of

the species.

Even though the endocrine system doesn’t seem very

important to us, it really is! It affects almost everything

in our bodies, and participates in moods, growth and

development, sexual functions, reproductive

processes, tissue function, and metabolism.

THE MAIN PARTS OF

THE ENDOCRINE

SYSTEM.

Hormones & Glands The endocrine system is founded on hormones and glands.

Hormones (either protein-based or lipid-based chemical messengers) transfer info and orders from a set of cells to another. Each type of hormone is designed to affect only certain cells.

A gland is a bunch of cells that produce and gives off chemicals. A gland ‘selects and removes materials from the blood, processes them, and secretes the finished chemical product for use somewhere in the body.’

Exocrine glands like the sweat glands release secretions outside the body, such as the skin or inside the mouth.

Endocrine glands like the pituitary gland secretes hormones inside the body to regulate internal processes.

What

can go

wrong

Too much or

too little of

any hormone

can be

harmful to

your body.

For example, if the pituitary

gland produces too much

growth hormone, a teen

may grow excessively tall. If

it produces too little, a teen

may be unusually short.

Doctors can often treat the

problems by controlling the

production of hormones or

replacing certain hormones

with medication. Some

endocrine problems that

affect teens are…

Disorders

Diseases

Cryptococcus

neoformans is a

common fungal

infection and

frequent cause of

meningitis in

humans. When it

infects the pituitary

gland, it can cause

blindness.

InteractionsHow does the endocrine system interact with other organ systems?

Nervous System - The Endocrine System works with this system by sending hormones to cells

and thereby causing a physical reaction. These hormones provide feedback to the brain and

affect neural processing, which give your body instructions on how and when to react to

certain extrema. Other hormones, such as reproductive hormones, affect the development of the

nervous system.

Digestive System - The Endocrine System works with this system through the pancreas, which

produces the hormone insulin. When we digest carbohydrates (through the digestive system)

they are then transformed into sugars. The pancreas, which is part of the endocrine system,

produces the hormone insulin to regulate how fast the sugars are consequently broken down;

therefore, insulin regulates the amount of sugar in the blood.

Circulatory System - The Endocrine System works with this system because it works as the

transport system for endocrine information. It basically works with the circulatory system to

send hormones throughout the body where they can be received by various organs and cells, and

are then put to use through bodily functions.

How Do You Keep Your

Endocrine System Healthy?

1. Eat Healthy – whole foods, not processed2. Avoid Junk Food3. Exercise – choose the right exercise for you

The Human Reproductive System

Reproductive System is

for the production of

gametes – ova (eggs)

and sperm – used for

producing offspring.

Human males and

females have different

gonads – reproductive

organs.

The Human Reproductive Organs

and GlandsMale

Testicles – male organs that

make sperm cells.

Penis – male external sex

organ

Female

Ovaries (2) – female organ

that contains hundreds of undeveloped female

gametes (egg or ova)

Uterus – organ where a fetus

develops until its birthFallopian tube – connects

ovary to the uterus.

Vagina – external opening

Path of Gametes

Interactions with other

Organ SystemsThe reproductive system interacts with…..

❖ the endocrine system, because the endocrine system provides the system

with growth and development hormones to nurture an embryo.

❖ the circulatory system, which transports hormones through the body to

the reproductive organs.

❖ the muscular system during menstrual cycle, so the muscular system

can push out any waste material out of the body, and the muscular

system is also used to give birth and help push the baby out of the birth

canal.

Disorders and Diseases

INTERESTING FACTS

• It contains the largest (ova) and smallest (sperm) cells in the body.• A female is born with all of the ova she will ever have. Only 300,000

will be left by the time she reaches puberty.• A male makes over 500 trillion sperm in his life-time.• A female could give birth to about 35 offspring in her life-time.• Ova live for 12-24 hours, where sperm live for up to 36 hours.• Androgens are the hormones that are responsible for the male

secondary sex characteristics (deep voice, body hair, height and muscles) in men.

• Estrogens are the hormones that are responsible for the development of breasts, blood clotting, bone formation, and female secondary sex characteristics.

References

“Explore Human Anatomy and Physiology.” Edited by Eric Rodriguez, InnerBody, InnerBody.com, Jan. 2018, www.innerbody.com/htm/body.html.

“Human Body Systems.” Carolina Biological Supply: World-Class Support for Science & Math, Carolina Biological Supply, Mar. 2018, www.carolina.com/teacher-resources/Interactive/human-body-systems/tr40161.tr.

“Endocrine System." Fact Monster. © 2000–2017 Sandbox Networks, Inc., publishing as Fact Monster. May 2018. <https://www.factmonster.com/dk/encyclopedia/science/endocrine-system/>.

“Reproduction System." Fact Monster. © 2000–2017 Sandbox Networks, Inc., publishing as Fact Monster. May 2018. <https://www.factmonster.com/dk/encyclopedia/science/endocrine-system/>.

Dowshen, Steven. “Body Basics.” Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego, The Nemours

Foundation/KidsHealth., Mar. 2012, www.rchsd.org/health-articles/endocrine-system/.