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Page 1: The End of WWI The Start of Peace. Key Terms and Dates Ratify Treaty Armistice A temporary halt in fighting that allows peace talks to begin A formal

The End of WWIThe End of WWI

The Start of PeaceThe Start of Peace

Page 2: The End of WWI The Start of Peace. Key Terms and Dates Ratify Treaty Armistice A temporary halt in fighting that allows peace talks to begin A formal

Key Terms and Dates

Ratify

Treaty

Armistice A temporary halt in fighting that allows peace talks to begin

A formal agreement negotiated between countries, like during peace talks

To give formal approval to something, like a peace treaty

End of WWI 11:00 am on 11/11/1918

Page 3: The End of WWI The Start of Peace. Key Terms and Dates Ratify Treaty Armistice A temporary halt in fighting that allows peace talks to begin A formal

The ArmisticeThe ArmisticeWhy would Germany decide

to seek an armistice?

1

2

3

German leaders realize their cause is lost.

German army had no reserves.

Allies had fresh supply of troops with America’s entry into the war.

Page 4: The End of WWI The Start of Peace. Key Terms and Dates Ratify Treaty Armistice A temporary halt in fighting that allows peace talks to begin A formal

The DivisionsThe DivisionsHow did the Allies differ

in their ideas for the armistice?

United States(Wilson)

Want a harsh armistice.

Wants an armistice based on internationalCooperation (14 Points Peace Plan)

FranceBritain

Why do you think these countries had such contrasting opinions?

Page 5: The End of WWI The Start of Peace. Key Terms and Dates Ratify Treaty Armistice A temporary halt in fighting that allows peace talks to begin A formal

The ResultThe ResultWhat were the terms for the armistice?

1

2

3

4

Germany pulls back troops on Western Front.

Germany cancels Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.

Germany hands over fleet of U-boats.

German Kaiser gives up the throne.

Page 6: The End of WWI The Start of Peace. Key Terms and Dates Ratify Treaty Armistice A temporary halt in fighting that allows peace talks to begin A formal

The ReasonsThe ReasonsWhat were the reasons for the

armistice?1

2

3

4

Germany pulls back troops on Western Front.

De-militarize France’s border

Germany cancels Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. Return land to Russia.

Germany hands over fleet of U-boats. Make waters safer from attack.

German Kaiser gives up the throne.Make Germany into a Republic.

Page 7: The End of WWI The Start of Peace. Key Terms and Dates Ratify Treaty Armistice A temporary halt in fighting that allows peace talks to begin A formal

Armistice Takes Effect WWI Ends

Armistice Takes Effect WWI Ends

• Who had the most influence in the terms of the armistice?

• Which term did Wilson get, and why would he pursue this term?

• What does this show about Wilson’s original strategy for victory in the war?

Page 8: The End of WWI The Start of Peace. Key Terms and Dates Ratify Treaty Armistice A temporary halt in fighting that allows peace talks to begin A formal

Key Facts: Peace Conference

WHAT

WHERE

WHEN

The Big Four: Leaders of 4 major allies

Writing a Peace Treaty

Paris, France (Versailles)

January 1919

Wilson? Other allies?

WHO

WHY

Page 9: The End of WWI The Start of Peace. Key Terms and Dates Ratify Treaty Armistice A temporary halt in fighting that allows peace talks to begin A formal

Wilson’s “Fourteen Point” Peace Wilson’s “Fourteen Point” Peace PlanPlan

Points 1-5

Points 6-13

Point 14

GOAL: END FUTURE WARS

Deal with factors that led to the war.

Deal with territorial issues from the war through self-determination

International organization to guarantee world peace.

Page 10: The End of WWI The Start of Peace. Key Terms and Dates Ratify Treaty Armistice A temporary halt in fighting that allows peace talks to begin A formal

How did the first 5 points How did the first 5 points deal with factors that lead deal with factors that lead

to the war?to the war?

Eliminate secret international Eliminate secret international agreementsagreements

Freedom of the seasFreedom of the seas Free tradeFree trade Reduce militariesReduce militaries Settle colonial claimsSettle colonial claims

Imperialism Militarism

Nationalism Alliance System

Page 11: The End of WWI The Start of Peace. Key Terms and Dates Ratify Treaty Armistice A temporary halt in fighting that allows peace talks to begin A formal

Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles

1

2

3

4

Took away territory on Germany’s borders.

Stripped Germany of its colonies.

Germany has to accept full responsibility for the war.

Forces Germany to pay reparations to the Allies

Limits size and nature of German military56 Creates of League of Nations to keep peace

GOAL: PUNISH GERMANY

Page 12: The End of WWI The Start of Peace. Key Terms and Dates Ratify Treaty Armistice A temporary halt in fighting that allows peace talks to begin A formal

Treaty of Versailles is SignedPeace Negotiations End

Treaty of Versailles is SignedPeace Negotiations End

• Contrast the goals that Wilson and the other Allies had for the peace treaty. Why would they be so different?

• Compare the way Germany would feel about the 14 Points plan and the Treaty of Versailles.

• Which would be a more effective way to establish peace?

Page 13: The End of WWI The Start of Peace. Key Terms and Dates Ratify Treaty Armistice A temporary halt in fighting that allows peace talks to begin A formal

Compare and ContrastCompare and Contrast

• Group 1: The views of Wilson and Britain/France over the armistice

• Group 2: The goals of Wilson and the other Allies over the peace treaty

• Group 3: The content and purpose of the armistice and the Treaty of Versailles

• Group 4: The content of Wilson’s 14 Points and the Treaty of Versailles

• Group 5: Wilson’s influence in the armistice and the Treaty of Versailles and his earlier hope

Page 14: The End of WWI The Start of Peace. Key Terms and Dates Ratify Treaty Armistice A temporary halt in fighting that allows peace talks to begin A formal

Battle Over the LeagueBattle Over the League

• Senate needs to ratify the treaty

• Controversy: League of Nations

• Wilson’s View: • U.S. destiny to lead the world on a new path

• Lodge’s View: • Would restrict U.S. to act independently in its

own interest.

Think about it: What are the pros and cons of joining theLeague of Nations?

Page 15: The End of WWI The Start of Peace. Key Terms and Dates Ratify Treaty Armistice A temporary halt in fighting that allows peace talks to begin A formal

ResultResult

• Wilson • Travels the country• Gives speeches• Had a stroke

• Senate• Rejects the treaty• League is crippled without U.S.

Think about it: How would Wilson feel about contemporary international relations if he were alive today?

Page 16: The End of WWI The Start of Peace. Key Terms and Dates Ratify Treaty Armistice A temporary halt in fighting that allows peace talks to begin A formal

Postwar TroublesPostwar Troubles

• Flu: • Worldwide epidemic

• Labor: • High unemployment• Demand higher wages• Strikes

• Communism (“Red Scare”)• Blame for labor unrest• Deport suspected communists (Palmer Raids)

Page 17: The End of WWI The Start of Peace. Key Terms and Dates Ratify Treaty Armistice A temporary halt in fighting that allows peace talks to begin A formal

RecallRecall

• What was Lodge’s main argument against the League of Nations?

• How did the Senate vote on the treaty?

• Name 1 problem the country faced after the war.

• Homework: page 730 #7(a), 8(a), 9(a), 9(b), 10(a), 10(b)