the end of the car city - a convenient truth

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THE END OF THE CAR CITY ”A convenient truth” Alexander Ståhle, PHD & CEO ǀ URBAN RESEARCH & DESIGN SPACESCAPE

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Page 1: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

THE END OF THE CAR CITY”A convenient truth”

Alexander Ståhle, PHD & CEO

ǀ URBAN RESEARCH & DESIGNSPACESCAPE

Page 2: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

Why cities?

Page 3: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

Proximity creates livability

Page 4: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

Proximity creates innovation

Page 5: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

Proximity creates social wellfare

Page 6: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

Vad gör en attraktiv plats?

Fungerar planen som det var tänkt?

Vad skapar närhet och flöden?

SOFO

Proximity creates value

Page 7: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

Housing value is 90% walkability in Stockholm

Appartment prices in Stockholm regionUrban qualities

Page 8: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

“Walkability command a premium of $4-34,000”CEO for Cities (2009)

”Walkable urban””Drivable suburban”

Page 9: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

SHOPS

DENSITYDENSITY

SHOPS

STOCKHOLM MALMÖÖREBRO

RESTAURANTS

DENSITY

“Cities are proximity, density, closeness” Edward Glaeser

Page 10: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

Density decreases car use

Density

Trav

elDunphy RT and Fisher K (1996)

Page 11: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

Average commute in Hong Kong is 11 min

Page 12: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

“Individuals living near transit had a significantly

higher level of trust and reciprocity and

connections with neighbors.”Patterns of social capital associated with transit oriented development, Journal of Transport Geography, 2014

Page 13: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

“Denser areas have greater economic mobility.“ (Measuring sprawl, SGA, 2014)

Page 14: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

“The compact walkable city enhance livelihoods for

the poor through affordable mobility.

It lower social segregation through proximity of

affordable housing to places of work”.Joan Clos, UN Habitat

Page 15: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

“An advanced city is not where the poor drive cars,

but where the rich take public transport” Enrique Penalosa

Page 16: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

Car accessiblity do not affect

appartment prices or office rents in Stockholm

Public transport accessibility

Off

ice

rent

Page 17: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

Failing office areas without transit and walkability

Infra City, Upplands Väsby

Page 18: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

Inside Infra City, Upplands Väsby

Inside failing office areas…

Page 19: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

"People in denser areas are more physically active." (Neighborhood environment and physical activity, Eriksson, 2013)

Page 20: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

"People in denser areas have

longer life expectancies." (Measuring sprawl, SGA, 2014)

Page 21: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

5% drive to shop downtown

in New York and in Stockholm(PPS 2010, Spacescape 2012)

Page 22: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

"Pedestrians spend 65% more than drivers"Transport for London (2014)

Page 23: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

“1/3 of America’s malls are dead or dying” deadmalls.com

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Page 25: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

Wallmart and IKEA goes urban

Page 26: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

Gallerian shopping mall, Stockholm

Page 27: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

Photoshop Gallerian shopping mall, Stockholm

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Why not car cities?

Page 29: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

People in cars can…

Page 30: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

People in cars can´t interact

Page 31: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

”When in my car I get

a different set of values”

Louis CK

Page 32: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

New study on “road rage” (Gatersleben, Murtagh, White 2013):

•Car use has negative effects on urban communities by affecting social perceptions.

•More car use through a relatively poor area is associated with less positive views of that area.

•More walking through a relatively poor area is related to more positive views of the area.

•Attitudes towards young people are more negative when they are seen from a car.

•Attitudes towards young people are most positive when seen from a pedestrian perspective.

”Attitudes to people more negative

when seen from a car”

Page 33: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

Car traffic segregate neighborhoods

Livable streets, Donald Appleyard (1981)

Page 34: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

Car traffic is the most common complaint

Västra Ursvik, Sundbyberg

Rinkeby

Ursvik

Page 35: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

Car dependency is unequal

- Women and poor drive less

(A car costs approx. $900 a month)

Page 36: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

Cars take up space

Page 37: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

Cars take up too much space

Page 38: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

“Parking is the most incorrectly valued urban

asset... A $310 bn parking subsidy, 5X the

education budget.” (Public Parking Fees and Fines, Public Works Management & Policy, 2014)

Page 39: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

Car infrastructure is heavily subsidized

Page 40: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

Sprawl consumes land

“In the last decade, an area larger than the entire state

of Maryland -- more than 33,000 square km of

farmland, woodlands and other natural habitat

beyond the edges of the nation's cities” (2014)

Page 41: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

Ecosystems are destroyed and fragmented

Page 42: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

”Green” cars?

Page 43: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

Traffic make 20-25% of all CO2

Peak oil…?

Page 44: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

The ecological footprint of a car is X800

Page 45: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

Acid rain kills nature and pollutes water

Page 46: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

”Long live the pedestrians” says who?

Page 47: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

Car speed means death

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Page 49: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

Streets where playgrounds before the car

Allmänna vägen, Göteborg 1910

Page 50: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

Bad density means more sprawl

- forces families to move to the suburbs

Page 51: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

Cars kill 1,2 Mn and injure 39 Mn every year

Page 52: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

Car driving promotes obesity and early death

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2,4 Mn people dies from smog every year

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”Car driving is like drug addiction”(The compulsive habit of cars, Trends in cognitive science, 2014)

Page 57: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

”Choice blindness”

Page 58: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

Car city

Page 59: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

Car city Walk city

Page 60: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

The end of the suburbs – A war on the dream?

Page 61: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

Who says walk cities?

Page 62: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

“We should embrace policies that

promote the compact city” Joan Clos, UN Habitat

Page 63: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

“City transport is about moving people, not vehicles” Rachel Kyte, World Bank

Page 64: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

“High quality sidewalks are the most basic element

of a democratic city.” Enrique Peñalosa, ITDP

Page 65: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

“Pedestrians and cyclists and bus riders are more

important — than car riders.” Michael Bloomberg, NYC

Page 66: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

New American policies for walk cities

New York Chicago

Page 67: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

New Swedish policies for walk cities

Page 68: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

Walk cities reclaimed

Page 69: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

Cities are being reclaimed and repaired

Page 70: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

Squares are reclaimed

Time square, NY

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Freeways are reclaimed

CicLAvia, Los Angeles

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This used to be as freeway…”Hayes Valley San Francisco

Page 73: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

Parks are reclaimed

Champs Elysées, Paris

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Parking spaces are reclaimed

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Gardens are reclaimed

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Playgrounds are reclaimed

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Downtowns are reclaimed

Detroit

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Small towns too – FLEN 2013

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Small towns too – FLEN 2015

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Small towns too – FLEN 2020

Page 81: The end of the car city - A convenient truth

ǀ URBAN RESEARCH & DESIGNSPACESCAPE

Alexander Ståhle

PhD & CEO Spacescape

[email protected]

www.spacescape.se