The cutting edge in Flexible

Pipe technology:

PA12 for Flexible Flowlines

and Risers

Jan Berger

Weihong Du, Andreas Dowe

June 5th, 2013

Page | 2

1. Evonik High Performance Polymers

2. PA12 in Unbonded Flexible Pipes

3. Material qualification and Material

properties

4. Summary and Outlook

Evonik Industries > 160 yrs industry experience

A presence in over 100 countries

EOGG

Evonik Industries - O&G as a strategic area of growth

Evonik

Consumer,

Health & Nutrition

Resource

Efficiency

Specialty

Materials

Inorganic

Materials

Advanced

Intermediates

Consumer

Specialties Health &

Nutrition

Performance

Polymers Coatings &

Additives

Segments

Business

Units

HPP

O&G Team

EOGG: Evonik Oil and Gas Group

Overview - Thermoplastic Materials C

os

t D

rive

n

Pe

rfo

rma

nc

e D

rive

n

amorphous crystalline

Engineering

Polymers

High Performance

Polymers

PET PBT

POM PUR

PC PPE

Commodity

Polymers

PA4.6

PPA

PPS

LCP

FPs

PEEK

PA12

PA11

PAI

PPSU

PEI

PES

PSU

PAR PA612 Transp. PA

PA6 / PA66

PI

PVC

ABS

PS SAN

PE

PP

PMMA

PMMI

PMI

= Polymers from Evonik

PE-LD PE-HD

VESTAMID® HTplus

VESTAKEEP®

VESTAMID® NRG

Date | Title of Presentation Page | 7

Oil & Gas Application - working team

Innovation

Management

Marketing &

Sales

Business

Leader

J. Franosch, J. Berger,

R. Tuellmann, C. Behrens,

H. Beyer

W. Du, V. Lavini, A. Simoes,

K. Ogenia, A. Gadkari,

M. Delgado, K. Goldstein

A. Dowe

Page | 8

1. Evonik High Performance Polymers

2. PA12 in Unbonded Flexible Pipes

3. Material qualification and Material

properties

4. Summary and Outlook

Page | 9

Increased melt viscosity of PA 12

Melt viscosity in acc. to ASTM D4440

1 E+03

1 E+04

1 E+05

1 E+06

1 E-01 1 E+00 1 E+01 1 E+02

Shear rate [1/s]

Vis

co

sit

y [

Pa

s]

240 °C

240 °C

200 °C

VESTAMID NRG1001

PA 12 standard grade

PE extrusion grade

Starting Point - New PA 12 Platform Retaining the Benefits of PA 12

Innovation to increase the melt viscosity let to

large diameter tubes and pipes

Advantages of PA 12

• High chemical

resistance

• Exceptional notch

impact strength

• Excellent resistance to

stress cracking

• Low water absorption

Page | 10

Unbonded Flexible Pipes - Application

Flexible riser with

Vestamid NRG

Flowlines with

Vestamid NRG

Jumper with

Vestamid NRG

Page | 11

Unbonded Flexible Pipe - Standard structure

Carcass (e.g. Alloy 316L)

Pressure

Armor Layer

Tensile Armor

Layers

Jacket Sheath (static: PE, dynamic: PA)

Pressure Sheath (PE, PA11, PA12, PVDF)*

Anti Wear Tapes (PA, PVDF, PEEK)

Anti Bird Caging

Tape

*: depending on temperature and certain

conditions in the field

Page | 12

1. Evonik High Performance Polymers

2. PA12 in Unbonded Flexible Pipes

3. Material qualification and Material

properties

4. Summary and Outlook

Page | 13

Result of approval program (API 17 TR2):

Vestamid NRG1001 has very similar properties compared to

existing Polyamide Solutions for Flexible Pipes.

But also some advantages of NRG1001 found:

• Doubles the lifetime of flexible tubes vs. Nylon 11

• Maximum possible operation temperature is about 6°C

higher than for Nylon 11 (PA11)

• Significant better methanol compatibility

• High ductility even at low temperatures (-50°C)

• Better resistance to heat aging

• Easy to process

• No pre drying is required before processing

Unbonded Flexible Pipes - Outcome of the comprehensive testing program

Page | 14

Arrhenius life time curves for PA in H20 without CO2

0,01

0,10

1,00

10,00

100,00

50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120T [°C]

Tim

e t

o r

ea

ch

in

itia

l a

cc

ep

tan

ce

cri

teri

on

of

CIV

= 1

.2 d

l/g

[ye

ars

]

pH=7 (API 17TR2)

PA 11 H2O/no CO2 fit [years] CIV=1.2

PA 11 H2O/no CO2 [years] CIV=1.2

PA 12 H2O/no CO2 fit [years] CIV=1.2

PA 12 H2O/no CO2 [years] CIV=1.2

Unbonded Flexible Pipes - A clear improvement in aging performance

Page | 15

Unbonded Flexible Pipes - A clear improvement in aging performance

Methanol compatibility of PA12 vs. PA11

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Aging time [d]

Str

ain

at

bre

ak

[%

]

PA12 at 70°C

PA11 at 70°C

PA12 at 80°C

PA11 at 80°C

PA12 at 90°C

PA11 at 90°C

Page | 16

Unbonded Flexible Pipes - A clear improvement in heat aging

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 50 100 150 200

ageing time [days]

elo

ng

ati

on

at

bre

ak [

%]

PA 12, T = 120°C

PA 12, T = 140°C

PA 11, T = 120°C

PA 11, T = 140°C

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

ageing time [days]

elo

ng

ati

on

at

bre

ak [

%]

PA 12, T = 80°C

PA 12, T = 100°C

PA 11, T = 80°C

PA 11, T = 100°C

Page | 17

Unbonded Flexible Pipes - High ductility and fracture toughness

Force-Deformation Plot [-30°C]

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

0 10 20 30 40 50

Deformation [mm]

Fo

rce

[N

]

VESTAMID LX9020

BESN O P40 TL

BESN O P40 TLX OS

Test parameters: virgin, ASTM E399; 10 mm/min; round-CT specimen;

W=48,75mm

Page | 18

Advantages of VESTAMID NRG 1001 - Easy processing and no pre-drying

Influence of wet extrusion on CIV

1

1,1

1,2

1,3

1,4

1,5

1,6

1,7

1,8

1,9

2

0 0,05 0,1 0,15 0,2 0,25 0,3 0,35 0,4 0,45

Moisture content of granules [%]

CIV

dL

/g

VESTAMID LX9020

Influence of remaining moisture in granules on final CIV

PA11 large pipe grades

Acceptance of moisture content for processing of Nylon materials

} Strong influence on processability and final material

performance

Seite 19

additional

influences

Hydrolysis Aging under Service Conditions

- an extended aging model

Aging model

for Polyamides Elongation at break

+ CIV

lifetime prediction API 17TR2

Temperature CO2 saturation

deionized

water

Time

Seite 20

CIV vs. Elongation at break

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0,6 0,8 1 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2 2,2

CIV [dl/g]

Elo

ng

ati

on

at

bre

ak

[%

]

API 17 TR2 hydrolysis

Seawater hydrolysis

crude oil saturated

scCO2 hydrolysis

CIV = 1,05

Page | 21

1. Evonik High Performance Polymers

2. PA12 in Unbonded Flexible Pipes

3. Material qualification and Material

properties

4. Summary and Outlook

Page | 22

Summary: Advantages of PA12

Feature Advantage Benefit

Methanol compatibility Reliable, durable

Less maintenance

costs, broaden

maintenance

technologies

Hydrolysis resistance

Lifetime, operation

temperature

Cost reduction, adds

safety

Ductility

Performance at low

temperature

Adds safety at certain

conditions: arctic

installation and Joule-

Thomson-Effect

Stable melt

characteristics Excellent processing

Cost reduction, no pre-

drying, less scrap

Page | 23

VESTAMID NRG is the perfect choice for barrier

layers and jacket sheaths of flexible pipes

• Lifetime up to 20 years at 65 °C

• Fully API 17 J qualified

• >800 km flexible pipes produced with PA12

pressure and/or jacket sheath since end of 2006

• Superior performance (e.g. arctic)

• Easy to process

Summary: VESTAMID NRG 1001 is the perfect choice for Flexible Pipes

Page | 24

TCR vs. SCR

- stiffness a factor 10 lower then steel smaller mean offset

- MBR a factor 8 or more smaller then steel, avoiding fatigue

issues at the touch down point.

- Reduced top tensions and floater loading

- Lower friction and pressure drop, due to smooth liner

surface.

- Significant improvement in fatigue resistance

- Lower thermal conductivity and higher heat capacity

than steel, better thermal properties for flow assurance.

Outlook: Composite Technology

The future in subsea pipe systems?

Page | 25

TCR vs. Flexibles

- one solid reinforcement layer supports all different load

cases

- the all composite TCR is impervious to corrosion.

- improvement in fatigue resistance.

- because of the solid cross-section, load transfer at the end-

fittings is more efficient and less complex.

- no friction between reinforcement layers

- reinforcing the liner creates a smooth bore inner liner with

high collapse strength, avoiding carcass induced pulsations.

Outlook: Composite Technology

The future in subsea pipe systems?

Date | Title of Presentation Page | 26

Jan Berger

Innovation Management

Senior Project Manager

High Performance Polymers

Phone +49 2365 49-6994

jan.berger@evonik.com

Evonik Degussa GmbH

Paul-Baumann-Str. 1

45764 Marl

Germany

Page | 27

Steel Catenary Riser

(SCR)

Steel Flowline

Application: PA12 Liner

- applications in Oil & Gas fields

Liner for corrosion protection of carbon steel production pipelines in O&G

fields. At Onshore fields the targeted applications are production pipelines

operating at temperatures from 60 to 100°C. Onshore PE liner are limited to a

maximum temperature of 60 °C.

Liner for steel pipelines

Offshore fields Onshore fields

Page | 28 Page | 28

PA 12 Liner - total costs comparison

PA12 lined

Carbon

Steel Pipe

Page | 29 Page | 29

PA 12 Liner - The Integrated Lining Technology

Insertion Technology Connection Technology

Venting Technology required to vent off permeated gas

in the event of a pressure drop in the pipeline

Date | Title of Presentation Page | 30 Page | 30

Length swelling in light oil of PA12 at 105°C vs PE100 at 60°C

0,00

0,50

1,00

1,50

2,00

2,50

3,00

3,50

4,00

4,50

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Aging time [days]

Len

gth

sw

ell

ing

[%

]

PA12 at 105 °C

PE at 60°C

Length swelling in light oil of PA 12 at 105°C vs PE100 at 60°C

Swagelining PA12 liner system - advantage of VESTAMID NRG

Low swelling vs. PE

less stresses

avoids axial buckling

Page | 31 Page | 31

Tensile modulus vs Temperature of PA 12 and PE100

virgin and saturated in light oil

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110

Temperature [°C]

Mo

du

lus [

MP

a]

PA12 virgin

PA 12 saturated

PE100 virgin

PE100 saturated

Tensile modulus vs. temperature of PA 12 and PE100

Virgin and saturated in light oil

Swagelining PA12 liner system - advantage of VESTAMID NRG

High tensile modulus

max. stability of liner in

service

max. collapse

resistance of liner