the crusades. palestine conquered by muslims in the 600s allowed christians and jews free worship

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The Crusades

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Page 1: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

The Crusades

Page 2: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

Palestine

Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship.

Page 3: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

Saljuq Turks

Military Muslim group Conquered Palestine Attacks Asia Minor (part of Byzantine Empire) Rumors of Christian Persecution. Byzantine Emperor Commenus appeals to

the west for help.

Page 4: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

Pope Urban II Appeal for a Crusade

Pope Urban II1. Council of Clermont 2. Encourages people of the west to help

Byzantium 3. Crusades' – Expedition to retake the Holy

manor 4. Those “who took the cross” gained

salvation.

Page 5: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

Dictionary.com: Crusade

Cru*sade"\ (kr?-s?d"), n. [F. croisade, fr. Pr. crozada, or Sp cruzada, or It. crociata, from a verb signifying to take the cross, mark one's self with a cross, fr. L. crux cross; or possibly taken into English directly fr. Pr. Cf. Croisade, Crosado, and see Cross.]

1. Any one of the military expeditions undertaken by Christian powers, in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries, for the recovery of the Holy Land from the Mohammedans.

2. Any enterprise undertaken with zeal and enthusiasm; as, a crusade against intemperance.

Page 6: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

Goals of the Crusades

1. Reuniting Christendom Urban wants to bring both Eastern Orthodox and

Roman Catholics together.

2. Ending Feudal Warfare Knights and Lords were constantly fighting over

land. Threat to peace and church property Gives younger knights someone to fight so they

can gain a fief, glory, and adventure.

Page 7: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

Goals of the Crusades

3. Profit Especially during the later crusades. Italian merchants wanted access to trade

routes in India and China. Made money by transporting crusaders Causes looting amongst crusaders.

Page 8: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

Who Went on Crusade

Wide variety of people

1. From Children to Kings

2. Hundreds of thousands went, ¼ die in route, ¼ die in battle.

3. Message appealed to many groups for reasons.

Page 9: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

The People’s Crusade

Started due to the people’s reaction to Urban.1. Urban wanted kings and lords to gather armies and attack.2. Peasants and low knights first take the cross Many without weapons Little organization Wanted a guaranteed place in heaven Loot cities as they move down the Danube Many never reach Constantniope (die on the way ) Those that make it merge with the Frnch led armies.

Page 10: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

The First Crusade

1. French led attacks Nobles sell land to finance the voyage Leave their lands without supervision 2. Movement across Europe Groups merge as leaders die Attack Jewish communites and slaughter

everyone Want to purge all against Christ

Page 11: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

The First Crusade

1. French led attacks Nobles sell land to finance the voyage Leave their lands without supervision 2. Movement across Europe Groups merge as leaders die Attack Jewish communites and slaughter

everyone Want to purge all against Christ

Page 12: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

The First Crusade

3. Arrival at Constantinople Emperor fears looting from coming armies Emperor eventually lets them through,

creates ill will

Page 13: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

The First Crusade

3. Arrival at Constantinople Emperor fears looting from coming armies Emperor eventually lets them through,

creates ill will

Page 14: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

Taking of Holy Land

1. Ill-Equipped Heavy armor is not suited for hot Arabian

summers Not much food or water Do not know terrain or geography or area No knowledge of culture Fed by Italian reinforcements and supplies

Page 15: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

Taking of Holy Land

1. Ill-Equipped Heavy armor is not suited for hot Arabian

summers Not much food or water Don’t know terrain or geography or area No knowledge of culture Fed by Italian reinforcements and supplies

Page 16: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

Taking of Holy Land

2. Siege of Jerusalem 12,000 less than ¼ of the original forces Lay siege to the city for a month. After the surrender, the Crusaders massacre

everyone all Muslims and Jews in the city.

Page 17: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

Taking of Holy Land

2. Siege of Jerusalem 12,000 less than ¼ of the original forces Lay siege to the city for a month. After the surrender, the Crusaders massacre

everyone all Muslims and Jews in the city.

Page 18: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

Why did the Crusaders Succeed

1. Turks were fighting with one another more than Europeans were.

2. Crusaders took advantage of the disunity of the Turks.

Page 19: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

Why did the Crusaders Succeed

1. Turks were fighting with one another more than Europeans were.

2. Crusaders took advantage of the disunity of the Turks.

Page 20: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

The Crusader States

Land is divided amongst crusaders. People from western Europe begin to move to the

east. European feudalism was used to govern areas. Trade increases

1. Eastern goods to Europe 2. Italian power increases due to increased wealth 3. Mingling of European and western ideas

New crusader states were vulnerable to counterattack

Page 21: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

The Crusader States

Land is divided amongst crusaders. People from western Europe begin to move to the east. European feudalism was used to govern areas. Trade increases1. Eastern goods to Europe 2. Italian power increases due to increased wealth

3. Mingling of European and western ideas New crusader states were vulnerable to counterattack

Page 22: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

Muslims Strike Back

Edessa falls to a Turkish attack Second Crusade is called, but Europeans

cannot unite.

Page 23: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

Saladin Unites the Turks

Skilled warrior and leader Honest and brave Devout Muslim Unites the factions against Europeans Leads forces against Jerusalem in 1187,

captures the city Allows Christians to leave the city if they pay

a ransom

Page 24: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

Saladin Unites the Turks

Skilled warrior and leader Honest and brave Devout Muslim Unites the factions against Europeans

Leads forces against Jerusalem in 1187, captures the city

Allows Christians to leave the city if they pay a ransom

Page 25: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

Third Crusade a.k.a The King’s Crusade

Led by three powerful kings

1. Richard the Lion hearted from England

2. Phillip II of France

3. Frederick Barbarossa of the Holy Roman Empire

Each led their armies to the Holy Lands.

Page 26: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

Third Crusade a.k.a The King’s Crusade

Led by three powerful kings

1. Richard the Lion hearted from England

2. Phillip II of France

3. Frederick Barbarossa of the Holy Roman Empire

Each led their armies to the Holy Lands.

Page 27: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

Third Crusade:Leadership Fails

Barbarossa drowns in route – his armies return to Europe

Phillip and Richard fight over the spoils – Phillip returns to Europe

Richard and his army attack Jerusalem alone.

Page 28: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

Third Crusade:Leadership Fails

Barbarossa drowns in route – his armies return to Europe

Phillip and Richard fight over the spoils – Phillip returns to Europe

Richard and his army attacks Jerusalem alone.

Page 29: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

Richard the Lionhearted

Powerful king of England Known for his good looks, courage, charm,

and ruthlessness Known for slaughtering any Muslim survivors

after battle.

Page 30: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

Richard the Lionhearted

Powerful king of England Known for his good looks, courage, charm,

and ruthlessness Known for slaughtering any Muslim

survivors after battle.

Page 31: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

Richard Battles Saladin

Many battles end in a stand still Crusaders could not continue to fight- had no

way to support themselves Reach a truce –allows a few Crusader states

to travel to Jerusalem safely. Richard returns home and is viewed as a

failure.

Page 32: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

Richard Battles Saladin

Many battles end in a stand still Crusaders could not continue to fight- had no

way to support themselves Reach a truce –allows a few Crusader

states to travel to Jerusalem safely. Richard returns home and is viewed as a

failure.

Page 33: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

Crusades of the Prophet:Fourth Crusade

Innocent III persuades knights to go on crusade.

Venice provides new incentive

1. Paid knights to attack Zadar

2. Christian city that was a trade rival of Venice

3. Innocent excommunicated the knights.

Page 34: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

Crusades of the Prophet:Fourth Crusade

Innocent III persuades knights to go on crusade.

Venice provides new incentive

1. Paid knights to attack Zadar

2. Christian city that was a trade rival of Venice

3. Innocent excommunicated the knights.

Page 35: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

More Chances to Plunder

Venice wants to attack Constantinople.

1. To support Byzantine civil war

2. Crusaders plunder the city upon arrival

3. Take gold and holy relics

4. Constantinople never recovers

Page 36: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

More Chances to Plunder

Venice wants to attack Constantinople.

1. To support Byzantine civil war

2. Crusaders plunder the city upon arrival

3. Take gold and holy relics

4. Constantinople never recovers

Page 37: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

Children’s Crusade

Children of France set out to conquer Jerusalem 1. 30,000 children 2. Starved or froze while crossing the Alps 3. Many also drowned at sea or were sold into

slavery Children of Germany march into Rome 1. 20,000 children 2. Many die crossing the Alps 3. Pope tells them to go home and wait

Page 38: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

Children’s Crusade

Children of France set out to conquer Jerusalem 1. 30,000 children 2. Starved or froze while crossing the Alps 3. Many also drowned at sea or were sold into

slavery Children of Germany march into Rome 1. 20,000 children 2. Many die crossing the Alps 3. Pope tells them to go home and wait

Page 39: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

Crusades End

More called, none succeed. Last Crusader state falls to Muslim forces

(Acre 1291)

Page 40: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

Crusades End

More called, none succeed. Last Crusader state falls to Muslim forces

(Acre 1291)

Page 41: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

Impact of the Crusades

1. Exchange of ideas Classical studies come back to Europe Knowledge gained of the Muslim world Siege techniques and technology expands Learn about the crossbow and early guns

Page 42: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

Impact of the Crusades

1. Exchange of ideas Classical studies come back to Europe Knowledge gained of the Muslim world Siege techniques and technology expands Learn about the crossbow and early guns

Page 43: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

Impact of the Crusades

2. Increase of Trade Europeans open trade routes with south

Asia Bring in spices, fruit, and silk

Page 44: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

Impact of the Crusades

2. Increase of Trade Europeans open trade routes with south

Asia Bring in spices, fruit, and silk

Page 45: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

Impact of the Crusades

3. Decreased power of the Pope Failure of the crusades made people

question papal judgment Some popes used the crusades to increase

their own wealth.

Page 46: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

Impact of the Crusades

3. Decreased power of the Pope Failure of the crusades made people

question papal judgment Some popes used the crusades to increase

their own wealth.

Page 47: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

Impact of the Crusades

4. Increases the power of kings Deaths of knights and lords leave land

open for the kings Knights have to mortgage lands to kings,

who gain more control over those under them

Aids to the decline of feudalism.

Page 48: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

Impact of the Crusades

4. Increases the power of kings Deaths of knights and lords leave land

open for the kings Knights have to mortgage lands to kings,

who gain more control over those under them

Aids to the decline of feudalism.

Page 49: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

Impact of the Crusades

5. Resentment between religions Persecution increases for Christians in the

Middle East Little communication with Muslim leaders

after the fall of the Crusader States Persecution increases for the Muslims in

Europe. Jews are also persecuted in Europe.

Page 50: The Crusades. Palestine Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship

Impact of the Crusades

5. Resentment between religions Persecution increases for Christians in the

Middle East Little communication with Muslim leaders

after the fall of the Crusader States Persecution increases for the Muslims in

Europe. Jews are also persecuted in Europe.