the crusades. palestine conquered by muslims in the 600s allowed christians and jews free worship
TRANSCRIPT
The Crusades
Palestine
Conquered by Muslims in the 600s Allowed Christians and Jews free worship.
Saljuq Turks
Military Muslim group Conquered Palestine Attacks Asia Minor (part of Byzantine Empire) Rumors of Christian Persecution. Byzantine Emperor Commenus appeals to
the west for help.
Pope Urban II Appeal for a Crusade
Pope Urban II1. Council of Clermont 2. Encourages people of the west to help
Byzantium 3. Crusades' – Expedition to retake the Holy
manor 4. Those “who took the cross” gained
salvation.
Dictionary.com: Crusade
Cru*sade"\ (kr?-s?d"), n. [F. croisade, fr. Pr. crozada, or Sp cruzada, or It. crociata, from a verb signifying to take the cross, mark one's self with a cross, fr. L. crux cross; or possibly taken into English directly fr. Pr. Cf. Croisade, Crosado, and see Cross.]
1. Any one of the military expeditions undertaken by Christian powers, in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries, for the recovery of the Holy Land from the Mohammedans.
2. Any enterprise undertaken with zeal and enthusiasm; as, a crusade against intemperance.
Goals of the Crusades
1. Reuniting Christendom Urban wants to bring both Eastern Orthodox and
Roman Catholics together.
2. Ending Feudal Warfare Knights and Lords were constantly fighting over
land. Threat to peace and church property Gives younger knights someone to fight so they
can gain a fief, glory, and adventure.
Goals of the Crusades
3. Profit Especially during the later crusades. Italian merchants wanted access to trade
routes in India and China. Made money by transporting crusaders Causes looting amongst crusaders.
Who Went on Crusade
Wide variety of people
1. From Children to Kings
2. Hundreds of thousands went, ¼ die in route, ¼ die in battle.
3. Message appealed to many groups for reasons.
The People’s Crusade
Started due to the people’s reaction to Urban.1. Urban wanted kings and lords to gather armies and attack.2. Peasants and low knights first take the cross Many without weapons Little organization Wanted a guaranteed place in heaven Loot cities as they move down the Danube Many never reach Constantniope (die on the way ) Those that make it merge with the Frnch led armies.
The First Crusade
1. French led attacks Nobles sell land to finance the voyage Leave their lands without supervision 2. Movement across Europe Groups merge as leaders die Attack Jewish communites and slaughter
everyone Want to purge all against Christ
The First Crusade
1. French led attacks Nobles sell land to finance the voyage Leave their lands without supervision 2. Movement across Europe Groups merge as leaders die Attack Jewish communites and slaughter
everyone Want to purge all against Christ
The First Crusade
3. Arrival at Constantinople Emperor fears looting from coming armies Emperor eventually lets them through,
creates ill will
The First Crusade
3. Arrival at Constantinople Emperor fears looting from coming armies Emperor eventually lets them through,
creates ill will
Taking of Holy Land
1. Ill-Equipped Heavy armor is not suited for hot Arabian
summers Not much food or water Do not know terrain or geography or area No knowledge of culture Fed by Italian reinforcements and supplies
Taking of Holy Land
1. Ill-Equipped Heavy armor is not suited for hot Arabian
summers Not much food or water Don’t know terrain or geography or area No knowledge of culture Fed by Italian reinforcements and supplies
Taking of Holy Land
2. Siege of Jerusalem 12,000 less than ¼ of the original forces Lay siege to the city for a month. After the surrender, the Crusaders massacre
everyone all Muslims and Jews in the city.
Taking of Holy Land
2. Siege of Jerusalem 12,000 less than ¼ of the original forces Lay siege to the city for a month. After the surrender, the Crusaders massacre
everyone all Muslims and Jews in the city.
Why did the Crusaders Succeed
1. Turks were fighting with one another more than Europeans were.
2. Crusaders took advantage of the disunity of the Turks.
Why did the Crusaders Succeed
1. Turks were fighting with one another more than Europeans were.
2. Crusaders took advantage of the disunity of the Turks.
The Crusader States
Land is divided amongst crusaders. People from western Europe begin to move to the
east. European feudalism was used to govern areas. Trade increases
1. Eastern goods to Europe 2. Italian power increases due to increased wealth 3. Mingling of European and western ideas
New crusader states were vulnerable to counterattack
The Crusader States
Land is divided amongst crusaders. People from western Europe begin to move to the east. European feudalism was used to govern areas. Trade increases1. Eastern goods to Europe 2. Italian power increases due to increased wealth
3. Mingling of European and western ideas New crusader states were vulnerable to counterattack
Muslims Strike Back
Edessa falls to a Turkish attack Second Crusade is called, but Europeans
cannot unite.
Saladin Unites the Turks
Skilled warrior and leader Honest and brave Devout Muslim Unites the factions against Europeans Leads forces against Jerusalem in 1187,
captures the city Allows Christians to leave the city if they pay
a ransom
Saladin Unites the Turks
Skilled warrior and leader Honest and brave Devout Muslim Unites the factions against Europeans
Leads forces against Jerusalem in 1187, captures the city
Allows Christians to leave the city if they pay a ransom
Third Crusade a.k.a The King’s Crusade
Led by three powerful kings
1. Richard the Lion hearted from England
2. Phillip II of France
3. Frederick Barbarossa of the Holy Roman Empire
Each led their armies to the Holy Lands.
Third Crusade a.k.a The King’s Crusade
Led by three powerful kings
1. Richard the Lion hearted from England
2. Phillip II of France
3. Frederick Barbarossa of the Holy Roman Empire
Each led their armies to the Holy Lands.
Third Crusade:Leadership Fails
Barbarossa drowns in route – his armies return to Europe
Phillip and Richard fight over the spoils – Phillip returns to Europe
Richard and his army attack Jerusalem alone.
Third Crusade:Leadership Fails
Barbarossa drowns in route – his armies return to Europe
Phillip and Richard fight over the spoils – Phillip returns to Europe
Richard and his army attacks Jerusalem alone.
Richard the Lionhearted
Powerful king of England Known for his good looks, courage, charm,
and ruthlessness Known for slaughtering any Muslim survivors
after battle.
Richard the Lionhearted
Powerful king of England Known for his good looks, courage, charm,
and ruthlessness Known for slaughtering any Muslim
survivors after battle.
Richard Battles Saladin
Many battles end in a stand still Crusaders could not continue to fight- had no
way to support themselves Reach a truce –allows a few Crusader states
to travel to Jerusalem safely. Richard returns home and is viewed as a
failure.
Richard Battles Saladin
Many battles end in a stand still Crusaders could not continue to fight- had no
way to support themselves Reach a truce –allows a few Crusader
states to travel to Jerusalem safely. Richard returns home and is viewed as a
failure.
Crusades of the Prophet:Fourth Crusade
Innocent III persuades knights to go on crusade.
Venice provides new incentive
1. Paid knights to attack Zadar
2. Christian city that was a trade rival of Venice
3. Innocent excommunicated the knights.
Crusades of the Prophet:Fourth Crusade
Innocent III persuades knights to go on crusade.
Venice provides new incentive
1. Paid knights to attack Zadar
2. Christian city that was a trade rival of Venice
3. Innocent excommunicated the knights.
More Chances to Plunder
Venice wants to attack Constantinople.
1. To support Byzantine civil war
2. Crusaders plunder the city upon arrival
3. Take gold and holy relics
4. Constantinople never recovers
More Chances to Plunder
Venice wants to attack Constantinople.
1. To support Byzantine civil war
2. Crusaders plunder the city upon arrival
3. Take gold and holy relics
4. Constantinople never recovers
Children’s Crusade
Children of France set out to conquer Jerusalem 1. 30,000 children 2. Starved or froze while crossing the Alps 3. Many also drowned at sea or were sold into
slavery Children of Germany march into Rome 1. 20,000 children 2. Many die crossing the Alps 3. Pope tells them to go home and wait
Children’s Crusade
Children of France set out to conquer Jerusalem 1. 30,000 children 2. Starved or froze while crossing the Alps 3. Many also drowned at sea or were sold into
slavery Children of Germany march into Rome 1. 20,000 children 2. Many die crossing the Alps 3. Pope tells them to go home and wait
Crusades End
More called, none succeed. Last Crusader state falls to Muslim forces
(Acre 1291)
Crusades End
More called, none succeed. Last Crusader state falls to Muslim forces
(Acre 1291)
Impact of the Crusades
1. Exchange of ideas Classical studies come back to Europe Knowledge gained of the Muslim world Siege techniques and technology expands Learn about the crossbow and early guns
Impact of the Crusades
1. Exchange of ideas Classical studies come back to Europe Knowledge gained of the Muslim world Siege techniques and technology expands Learn about the crossbow and early guns
Impact of the Crusades
2. Increase of Trade Europeans open trade routes with south
Asia Bring in spices, fruit, and silk
Impact of the Crusades
2. Increase of Trade Europeans open trade routes with south
Asia Bring in spices, fruit, and silk
Impact of the Crusades
3. Decreased power of the Pope Failure of the crusades made people
question papal judgment Some popes used the crusades to increase
their own wealth.
Impact of the Crusades
3. Decreased power of the Pope Failure of the crusades made people
question papal judgment Some popes used the crusades to increase
their own wealth.
Impact of the Crusades
4. Increases the power of kings Deaths of knights and lords leave land
open for the kings Knights have to mortgage lands to kings,
who gain more control over those under them
Aids to the decline of feudalism.
Impact of the Crusades
4. Increases the power of kings Deaths of knights and lords leave land
open for the kings Knights have to mortgage lands to kings,
who gain more control over those under them
Aids to the decline of feudalism.
Impact of the Crusades
5. Resentment between religions Persecution increases for Christians in the
Middle East Little communication with Muslim leaders
after the fall of the Crusader States Persecution increases for the Muslims in
Europe. Jews are also persecuted in Europe.
Impact of the Crusades
5. Resentment between religions Persecution increases for Christians in the
Middle East Little communication with Muslim leaders
after the fall of the Crusader States Persecution increases for the Muslims in
Europe. Jews are also persecuted in Europe.