The Civil War

The Civil War

S.C. Curriculum Standards

• 4.1.15 Compare and contrast the ways of life in the North and South;

• 4.1.16 State the causes and events leading up to the Civil War;

• 4.1.17 Identify the notable figures of the Civil War and the roles they played;

• 4.1.18 Describe the Civil War and its effects on the nation.

The Civil War

• The Civil War is the only war fought on American soil (land) by Americans.

• 3 million fought -- many died.

• It was fought from 1861 - 1865.

Who fought in the war?• The Northern and Southern states fought against

each other in the war.

• They were called the Union (northern states/United States Government) and the Confederacy (southern states).

• On a sheet of paper, list which states were considered the Union and which states were considered the Confederacy.

The Union• The following states made up the

Union:

• California, Connecticut,, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Delaware, and Wisconsin.

The Confederacy

• The following states fought for the Confederacy:

• Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia.

What are some of the reasons for the war?

• Different ways of life … the South had an agricultural economy and the North had an economy that depended more on trade.

• The North welcomed modernization; the south wanted to hold onto the past and did not welcome change.

Reasons for the War

• Slavery

• The Compromise of 1850

• The Kansas-Nebraska Act

• The Dred Scott Decision

• The raid at Harper’s Ferry

Secession

• Some supporters of secession felt that states had rights and powers that the federal government could not legally deny.

• South Carolina was the first state to withdraw (secede) from the union in December 1860.

Click on this site to view the secession ordinancehttp://www.virtualology.com/virtualwarmuseum.com/uscivilwarhall/southcarolinasecession.com/

Beginnings of War

• On April 12, 1861, Confederate forces being lead by General Pierre G. T. Beauregard fired on Fort Sumter (Charleston, SC).

• On April 15, Abraham Lincoln ordered troops to regain the fort.

• The South viewed Lincoln’s order as a “Declaration of War.”

Civil War Leaders

• Abraham Lincoln, President (United States)• Jefferson Davis, President (Confederate States)• Ulysses S. Grant, Northern General• Robert E. Lee, Southern General• William T. Sherman, Northern General• Stonewall Jackson, Southern General

• Click on this site to study additional Civil War Leaders

http://www.us-civilwar.com/leaders.htm

Abraham LincolnPresident of the United States

• Commander and chief of the U.S. Armed Forces

• Freed the slaves with “The Emancipation Proclamation” (January 1, 1863)

• Delivered the Gettysburg Address

Jefferson DavisPresident of the Confederate

States of America• Commander and chief

of the Confederate Armed forces

Robert E. Lee

• Confederate General• Surrendered the

Confederate forces to Ulysses S. Grant

Ulysses S. Grant

• Union General• Accepted surrender

of the Confederate forces

Remembering Civil War Leaders

• On a piece of paper, write down the names of as many Civil War Leaders as you can remember.

• List which side (North or South) they fought for.

• How many did you list?

Major Civil War Battles

• Fort Sumter• First Battle of Bull

Run • Battle of Antietam• Battle of Gettysburg• Battle of Shiloh

Surrender

• April 9, 1865, Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia

• Robert E. Lee surrenders to Ulysses S. Grant

Terms of Surrender

• Grant gave generous terms of surrender to the Confederate soldiers.

• Soldiers received a day’s rations, were released on parole, and were allowed to keep their mules and horses.

Results of the War• 620,000 soldiers died from battles or disease

during the Civil War.

• After the war, Northerners and Southerners were resentful toward each other for many years.

• The war changed the southern way of life.

• The Civil War ended slavery.

• The Civil War introduced modern warfare.

• The Union was preserved!

Bibliography

• “American Memory.” Library of Congress <http://memory.loc.gov/>.

• Boritt, Gabor S. “Civil War.” The World Book Encyclopedia, 1995 ed. World Book, Inc.: Chicago, 1994.

• “Civil War Leaders.” <http://www.us-civilwar.com/leaders.htm>.

• “Civilwar.com.” <http://www.civilwar.com/>.

• Library of Congress <http://www.loc.gov>.