the christian empire (late roman and "byzantine")
DESCRIPTION
http://www.tomrichey.net This PowerPoint slide show was created to accompany a lecture on the Christianization of the Roman (and later "Byzantine") Empire from Diocletian's "Great Persecution" to the Fall of Constantinople in 1453.TRANSCRIPT
The Christian Empire
TABLE OF CONTENTSPART I
The Triumph of Christianit
y(284-313)
PART II
The Clash of Creeds(313-395)
PART II
The “Byzantine”
Empire(395?-1453)
TERMS LIST(All terms can be referenced online)1. Diocletian2. Tetrarchy3. Great
Persecution4. Constantine5. Battle of the
Milvian Bridge6. Labarum [Chi
Rho]7. Edict of Milan
Diocletian(r. 284-305)
• “Great Persecution”
• Tetrarchy [Next Slide]
Coin Photo by Ingsoc
Tetrarchy
Map Credit: Coppermine Photo Gallery
Tetrarchy
• What do you see? What do you think these statues represent? Be specific.
Constantine vs. Maxentius
Battle of the Milvian Bridge
“CONQUER BY THIS.”
Roman Coin:Constantine Front / Labarum Back
Compare to Julian
Toleration• Edict of Milan
(313 AD)– Toleration for
Christians– End of persecution
TERMS LIST(All terms can be referenced online)1. Byzantium2. Constantinople3. Heresy4. Arianism5. Trinity6. Council of Nicea7. Creed8. Orthodoxy9. Julian the
Apostate10.Apostasy
11.Against the Galileans
12.Natural Religion13.Revealed
Religion14.School Edict
[Julian]15.Theodosius16.State Religion17.Thessalonica
Massacre18.Ambrose of
Milan19.Excommunicatio
n20.Penance
PRIMARY SOURCE:Julian the Apostate,Against the Galileans
1. Who was Julian referring to when he wrote of the “Galileans”? Why would he use this term?
2. What were Julian’s chief criticisms of the “Galileans”?
3. How would you characterize Julian’s own views of religion?
Complete the following in the Bell Ringer section of your notebook:
Constantinople
Council of Nicea• Edict of Milan
• Toleration for all religions (including Christians)
Council of Nicea• 325 A.D.• Called by
Constantine– Address Divisions– Arianism– Trinity
• Nicene Creed• Orthodoxy
Death of Constantine
Constantine accepted Christian baptism on his deathbed.
337 A.D.
© Konstantin TuncUsed with permission
PURGES
Constantine’s death resulted in purges of possible heirs to the throne.
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Julian “the Apostate”
• Against the Galileans– Pamphlet against
Christianity
• School Edict– Teachers approved
by gov
• “You have won, Galilean!”
360-363
Roman Coin:Julian Front / Bull Back
Compare to Constantine
Theodosius(r. 379-395)
• LAST sole ruler of a united Roman Empire – [East/West divide after
death]
• Christianity as the OFFICIAL religion
• Closes Pagan temples – sends home Vestal Virgins
Ambrose (Bishop) of Milan)– PENANCE
Massacre in Thessalonica
Saint Ambrose and Emperor Theodosius, By Anthony van Dyck
TERMS LIST1. Fall of Rome [476]2. Byzantine3. Justinian4. Theodora5. Nika Riots6. Corpus Juris
Civilis7. Hagia Sophia8. Renovatio Imperii9. Belisarius 10.“Last of the
Romans”
11.Heraclius12.Hellenization13.Basileus14.Theme System15.Icons16.Iconoclast17.Iconodule18.Irene19.Seventh Ecumenical
Council20.Fall of
Constantinople [1453]
476 A.D.Fall of rome
Justinian I
• Renovatio Imperii• Belisarius• “Last of the Romans
”• Corpus Juris Civilis• Hagia Sophia• Sainthood
(r. 527-565)
Renovatio Imperii
Map Credit: http://wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/262/268312/art/figures/KISH_07_149.gif
TheodoraWife of Justinian
• Courtesan• Street-smart
– A key advisor
• Also a saint
NikA Riots
• High Taxation• Nika Riots
– Justinian murdered 30,000 to restore order
Hagia Sophia• “Holy Wisdom”• Completed 537 A.D.
• 1453-1935: Mosque• 1935-Present:
Museum
Online Resources:
Icon SlideshowThe Deesis Mosaic
Heraclius(r. 610-641)
• Hellenization
–Docs: Latin Greek– Note: Still “Roman”– Basileus [Title]
• Incessant Wars– Sassanid Empire
• Theme System– Civil and Military Gov Merged
• Contemporary of Muhammad
Iconoclast controversy(Eighth Century)
vs.IconoclastsIcon Breakers
IconodulesIcon Lovers
Iconodule
Adulation (to adore or worship)
ICONOCLAST
Some rights reserved by BitBoy
In modern usage, someone who challenges established dogmas or
conventions
Chludov Psalter
They gave me
Vinegar
to drink.
Iconodules win
The Contrast
Iconoclast Art in the Hagia Irene (Constantinople)
St. George Greek Orthodox Cathedral (Greenville, SC)
Click photo for an e-tour.
Interested in Icons?
The Russian Orthodox Cathedral of St. John the Baptist (Washington, DC) is covered with them.
CLICKfor an e-tour
SEVENTH ECUMENICAL
COUNCIL(787 a.d.)
Restored the use of icons
SEVENTH ECUMENICAL
COUNCIL(787 a.d.)
LAST Church Council accepted by both Eastern
and Western Churches
The Empress, Irene, who ruled in her own right after the deaths of her sons, was canonized as a saint for her role in restoring the use of icons.
Irene (r. 797-802)
Double EagleA Symbol of
the Byzantine emperors
Symbolism:Church and State
East and West
1453Fall of Constantinople
to the Ottoman Turks