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the cambridge history of

CHRISTIANITY*

Constantine to c.600

This volume in the Cambridge History of Christianity presents the‘golden age’ of patristic Christianity. After episodes of persecutionby the Roman government, Christianity emerged as a licit religionenjoying imperial patronage and eventually became the favouredreligion of the empire. The articles in this volume discuss the rapidtransformation of Christianity during late antiquity, giving specificconsideration to artistic, social, literary, philosophical, political,inter-religious and cultural aspects. The volume moves away fromsimple dichotomies and reductive schematisations (e.g., ‘heresy v.orthodoxy’) toward an inclusive description of the diverse practicesand theories that made up Christianity at this time. While propor-tional attention is given to the emergence of the Great Churchwithin the Roman empire, other topics are treated as well – suchas the development of Christian communities outside the empire.

august ine cas iday is Lecturer in Historical Theology,Department of Theology and Religious Studies, University ofWales, Lampeter. He is author of Evagrius Ponticus (2006) andTradition and Theology in St John Cassian (2006) and assistanteditor of The Cambridge History of Early Christian Literature (2004).

freder ick w. norri s is Professor Emeritus of World Chris-tianity, Emmanuel School of Religion. He is author of over 200

articles, associate editor with Everett Ferguson of the Encylope-dia of early Christianity (1990, second edition 1997) and co-editorwith A. Malherbe and J. Thompson of The Early Church in its Context(1998).

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press978-0-521-81244-3 - The Cambridge History of Christianity: Constantine to c. 600, Volume 2Edited by Augustine Casiday and Frederick W. NorrisFrontmatterMore information

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the cambridge history of

CHRISTIANITY

The Cambridge History of Christianity offers a comprehensivechronological account of the development of Christianity in all itsaspects – theological, intellectual, social, political, regional, global –from its beginnings to the present day. Each volume makes a sub-stantial contribution in its own right to the scholarship of its periodand the complete History constitutes a major work of academicreference. Far from being merely a history of Western EuropeanChristianity and its offshoots, the History aims to provide a globalperspective. Eastern and Coptic Christianity are given full consider-ation from the early period onwards, and later, African, Far Eastern,New World, South Asian and other non-European developmentsin Christianity receive proper coverage. The volumes cover popu-lar piety and non-formal expressions of Christian faith and treat thesociology of Christian formation, worship and devotion in a broadcultural context. The question of relations between Christianityand other major faiths is also kept in sight throughout. The Historywill provide an invaluable resource for scholars and students alike.

List of volumes:

Origins to Constantineedited by margaret m. mitchell and

fr ances m. young

Constantine to c. 600

edited by august ine cas iday and freder ick w.

norri s

Early Medieval Christianity c. 600–c. 1 100

edited by thomas noble and jul ia smith

Christianity in Western Europe c. 1 100–c. 1 5 00

edited by mir i rub in and walter s imon

Eastern Christianityedited by michael angold

Reform and Expansion 1 5 00–1660

edited by ronnie po-chia hs ia






Enlightenment, Reawakening and Revolution 1660–1 81 5

edited by stewart j. brown and timothy tackett

World Christianities c. 1 81 5 –1914

edited by br ian stanley and sher idan gilley

World Christianities c. 1914–c. 2000

edited by hugh m cleod






T H E C A M B R I D G E

H I S TO RY O F

C H R I S T I A N I T Y

*

VO LU M E 2

Constantine to c. 600

*

Edited by

AUGUSTINE CASIDAY

and

FREDERICK W. NORR IS






cambridge univers ity press

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C© Cambridge University Press 2007

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no reproduction of any part may take place withoutthe written permission of Cambridge University Press.

First published 2007

Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge

A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication dataConstantine to c. 600 / edited by Augustine Casiday and Frederick W. Norris.

p. cm. – (The Cambridge history of Christianity ; v. 2)Includes bibliographical references and index.

isbn-13: 978-0-521-81244-3 (hardback)isbn-10: 0-521-81244-5 (hardback)

1. Church history – Primitive and early church, c. 300–600. I. Casiday, Augustine. II. Norris,Frederick W., 1941– III. Title. IV. Series.

br200.c66 2007

270.2 – dc22 2006100088

isbn 978-0-521-81244-3 hardback

Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence oraccuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to

in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on suchwebsites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.






Contents

List of maps xiList of contributors xii

List of abbreviations xiii

Introduction 1

august ine cas iday and freder ick w. norri s

part i

CHRI STIANITY: REGIONAL DEV ELOPM ENT S

1 · Western Christianities 9

winrich lohr

2 · Germanic and Celtic Christianities 5 2

knut schaferdiek

3 · Greek Christianities 70

freder ick w. norri s

4 · Early Asian and East African Christianities 1 1 8

david bundy

part i i

CHRISTIANITY CONT ES T ED

5 · Religious dynamics between Christians and Jews in late antiquity(312–640) 1 5 1

guy g. stroumsa

vii






Contents

6 · Christianity and paganism, I: Egypt 1 73

david fr ankfurter

7 · Christianity and paganism, II: Asia Minor 1 89

fr ank r . trombley

8 · Christianity and paganism, III: Italy 210

michele renee salzman

9 · Christianity and paganism, IV: North Africa 231

anna leone

10 · The intellectual debate between Christians and pagans 248

alan brown

11 · Christianity and Manichaeism 279

samuel n. c. l ieu

12 · Heresiology: The invention of ‘heresy’ and ‘schism’ 296

j. rebecca lyman

part i i i

CHRISTIAN CULTURE AND S OC IET Y

13 · Towards defining a Christian culture: The Christian transformationof classical literature 31 7

bronwen neil

14 · Bishops and society 343

r aymond van dam

15 · Synods and councils 367

mark edwards

16 · The growth of church law 386

kenneth pennington

viii






Contents

17 · The church, society and political power 403

h. a . dr ake

part iv

CHRI STIAN BELIEFS AND PR AC T IC ES

18 · Discourse on the Trinity 431

khaled anatol ios

19 · History of Christology to the seventh century 460

k arl -he inz uthemann

20 · Sin and salvation: Experiences and reflections 5 01

august ine cas iday

21 · From Antioch to Arles: Lay devotion in context 5 3 1

georgia fr ank

22 · Saints and holy men 5 48

claudia r app

23 · Pastoral care and discipline 5 67

rowan a. greer

24 · Sexuality, marriage and the family 5 85

david g. hunter

25 · The growth of liturgy and the church year 601

bryan d. sp inks

26 · Interpreting scripture 618

paul m. blowers

27 · Asceticism and monasticism, I: Eastern 637

samuel rubenson

ix






Contents

28 · Asceticism and monasticism, II: Western 669

marilyn dunn

29 · Art and Propaganda fide: Christian art and architecture, 300–600 691

beat brenk

Index 726

x






Maps

1. The Roman empire, c. 400 page xvi2. Rome and the West, c. 600 xviii3. Byzantium and the Near East, c. 600 xix4. Edessa and the Orient, c. 600 xx

xi






Contributors

Khaled Anatolios, Weston Jesuit School of TheologyPaul M. Blowers, Emmanuel School of ReligionBeat Brenk, Universita di Roma I ‘La Sapienza’ and emeritus, Universitat BaselAlan Brown, Trinity College, CambridgeDavid Bundy, Fuller Theological SeminaryAugustine Casiday, University of Wales, LampeterH. A. Drake, University of California, Santa BarbaraMarilyn Dunn, University of GlasgowMark Edwards, Christ Church, OxfordGeorgia Frank, Colgate UniversityDavid Frankfurter, University of New HampshireRowan A. Greer, emeritus, Yale Divinity SchoolDavid G. Hunter, Iowa State UniversityAnna Leone, University of DurhamSamuel N. C. Lieu, Macquarie UniversityWinrich Lohr, Universitat HamburgJ. Rebecca Lyman, emerita, Church Divinity School of the PacificBronwen Neil, Australian Catholic University, McAuley CampusFrederick W. Norris, emeritus, Emmanuel School of ReligionKenneth Pennington, The Catholic University of AmericaClaudia Rapp, University of California, Los AngelesSamuel Rubenson, Lund UniversityMichele Renee Salzman, University of California, RiversideKnut Schaferdiek, emeritus, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat BonnBryan D. Spinks, Institute of Sacred Music, Yale UniversityGuy G. Stroumsa, The Hebrew University of JerusalemFrank R. Trombley, Cardiff UniversityKarl-Heinz Uthemann, emeritus, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamRaymond Van Dam, University of Michigan

xii






Abbreviations

AB: Analecta BollandianaACO: Acta Conciliorum CEcumenicorumACW: Ancient Christian WritersAJP: American journal of philologyANRW: Aufstieg und Niedergang der romischen WeltATR: Anglican theological reviewBAR: British Archaeological ReportsBASP: Bulletin of the American Society of PapyrologistsBCTH: Bulletin du Comite des Travaux Historiques et ScientifiquesBETL: Bibliotheca ephemeridum theologicarum lovaniensiumBHG: Bibliotheca Hagiographica GraecaBHO: Bibliotheca Hagiographica OrientalisBSNAF: Bulletin de la Societe Nationale des Antiquaires de FranceBZAW: Beihefte zur Zeitschrift fur die alttestamentliche WissenschaftCCSG: Corpus Christianorum Series GraecaCCSL: Corpus Christianorum Series LatinaCIL: Corpus Inscriptionum LatinarumCJ: Codex JustinianusCMC: Cologne Mani-Codex (P. Colon. inv. nr. 4780)CollEFR: Collection de l’Ecole francaise de RomeCPG: Clavis Patrum GraecorumCRAI: Comptes rendus des seances de l’Academie des Inscriptions et Belles LettresCSCO: Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum OrientaliumCSEL: Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum LatinorumCTh: Codex TheodosianusDACL: Dictionnaire d’archeologie chretienne et de liturgieDK: Diels, H. and W. Kranz, eds., Die Fragmente der VorsokratikerDOP: Dumbarton Oaks PapersDSp: Dictionnaire de spiritualite ascetique et mystique, doctrine et histoireEp(p).: Letter(s)FOTC: Fathers of the ChurchGCS: Griechischen christlichen SchriftstellerGNO: Gregorii Nysseni OperaGRBS: Greek, Roman and Byzantine studies

xiii






List of abbreviations

H.E.: Historia ecclesiastica (Church history)H.L.: Palladius, Historia LausiacaHom.: homily, -iesHTR: Harvard theological reviewIGRR: Inscriptiones Graecae ad res Romanas pertinentesILCV: Inscriptiones Latinae Christianae VeteresILS: Inscriptiones Latinae SelectaeIns.Chr. : Inscriptiones Christianae urbis Romae septimo saeculo antiquioresJAAR: Journal of the American Academy of ReligionJbAC: Jahrbuch fur Antike und ChristentumJECS: Journal of early Christian studiesJRS: Journal of Roman studiesJTS: Journal of theological studiesLCL: Loeb Classical LibraryLXX: SeptuagintMansi : J. D. Mansi, ed., Sanctorum conciliorum et decretorum collectio novaMEFRA: Melanges de l’Ecole francaise de Rome, antiquiteMGH aa: Monumenta Germaniae Historica – auctores antiquissimiMGH leg: Monumenta Germaniae Historica – legesMGH scr.mer . : Monumenta Germaniae Historica – scriptores rerum

merovingicarumNHC: Nag Hammadi CodexNPNF: Select Library of Nicene and Post Nicene Fathers of the ChurchOCA: Orientalia Christiana AnalectaOECT: Oxford Early Christian TextsOr.: OrationsPG: Patrologia GraecaPL: Patrologia LatinaPLRE: Prosopography of the Later Roman EmpirePO: Patrologia OrientalisProc. Brit. Acad.: Proceedings of the British AcademyProc. Cambr. Phil. Soc.: Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical SocietyProc. Royal Anthro. Instit.: Proceedings of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain

and IrelandPTS: Patristische Texte und StudienRAC: Reallexikon fur Antike und ChristentumRE: Realencyklopadie fur protestantische Theologie und KircheREL: Revue des etudes latinesRendPontAcc: Atti della Pontificia accademia romana di archeologia, RendicontiRHE: Revue d’histoire ecclesiastiqueSA: Studia AnselmianaSC: Sources chretiennesSEA: Studia ephemeridis ‘Augustinianum’SEG: Supplementum Epigraphicum GraecumSH: Subsidia Hagiographica

xiv






List of abbreviations

SP: Studia PatristicaSPA: Studien der Patristischen ArbeitsgemeinschaftST: Studi e TestiThPh: Theologie und PhilosophieTRE: Theologische RealenzyklopadieTU: Texte und UntersuchungenVChr: Vigiliae ChristianaeWSA: Works of St AugustineZAC: Zeitschrift fur antikes ChristentumZAS: Zeitschrift fur Agyptische Sprache und AlterthumskundeZKG: Zeitschrift fur KirchengeschichteZNTW: Zeitschrift fur die neutestamentliche WissenschaftZPE: Zeitschrift fur Papyrologie und EpigrafikZPT: Zeitschrift fur Philosophie und Theologie

xv






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xvi






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xix






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