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The Byzantine Empire A New Rome

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Page 1: The Byzantine Empire€¦ · PPT file · Web view · 2017-11-27The Byzantine Empire ... Code serves empire for 900 years Justinian’s Code Code consisted of 4 works 1) The Code

The Byzantine Empire

A New Rome

Page 2: The Byzantine Empire€¦ · PPT file · Web view · 2017-11-27The Byzantine Empire ... Code serves empire for 900 years Justinian’s Code Code consisted of 4 works 1) The Code

Setting the Stage• Byzantine Empire was

the eastern half of the old Roman Empire

• Byzantium – Capital City– Constantinople under

the rule of Constantine before split of empire

• Eastern Empire would continue for nearly 1000 years after the fall of the West

Page 3: The Byzantine Empire€¦ · PPT file · Web view · 2017-11-27The Byzantine Empire ... Code serves empire for 900 years Justinian’s Code Code consisted of 4 works 1) The Code

A New Rome

• 395: Romans divide empire– Difficult communication

between East & West

• Western Empire was beset by corruption and attacks from barbarians

• Eastern rulers view themselves as rulers for all of Rome

Page 4: The Byzantine Empire€¦ · PPT file · Web view · 2017-11-27The Byzantine Empire ... Code serves empire for 900 years Justinian’s Code Code consisted of 4 works 1) The Code

395: Empire Splits

Page 5: The Byzantine Empire€¦ · PPT file · Web view · 2017-11-27The Byzantine Empire ... Code serves empire for 900 years Justinian’s Code Code consisted of 4 works 1) The Code

A New Rome (cont.)• 527: Justinian becomes

emperor– Goal: Regain the glory of

Rome• 533: Sends general

Belisarius to re-conquer North Africa = succeeds

• 535: Belisarius captures Rome from the Ostrogoths– Rome changes hands 6 times

over the next 16 years• Justinian reclaims Italy, calls

himself Caesar

Page 6: The Byzantine Empire€¦ · PPT file · Web view · 2017-11-27The Byzantine Empire ... Code serves empire for 900 years Justinian’s Code Code consisted of 4 works 1) The Code

Byzantine Empire – Greatest Extent

• Orange: Added by Belisarius for Justinian

Page 7: The Byzantine Empire€¦ · PPT file · Web view · 2017-11-27The Byzantine Empire ... Code serves empire for 900 years Justinian’s Code Code consisted of 4 works 1) The Code

Byzantine Emperors• Rule with absolute

power• Head the state and the

church• Appoint bishops at will

and are ruthless in politics

• Constantly under threat of assassination– 88 Emperors (29

murdered, 13 step down)

Page 8: The Byzantine Empire€¦ · PPT file · Web view · 2017-11-27The Byzantine Empire ... Code serves empire for 900 years Justinian’s Code Code consisted of 4 works 1) The Code

Life in New Rome• Byzantine Empire was

Roman, but had its own identity

• Complex society with a uniform law system– Justinian’s Code

• Code decides legal questions & regulated life (marriage, property, etc)

• Code serves empire for 900 years

Page 9: The Byzantine Empire€¦ · PPT file · Web view · 2017-11-27The Byzantine Empire ... Code serves empire for 900 years Justinian’s Code Code consisted of 4 works 1) The Code

Justinian’s Code

• Code consisted of 4 works– 1) The Code = ~5,000 old, useful Roman laws– 2) The Digest = 50 volumes of summaries &

quotes from great Roman legal minds– 3) The Institutes = Law textbook for students– 4) The Novellae (New Laws) = legislation passed

after 534

Page 10: The Byzantine Empire€¦ · PPT file · Web view · 2017-11-27The Byzantine Empire ... Code serves empire for 900 years Justinian’s Code Code consisted of 4 works 1) The Code

The Imperial Capital• Justinian sets out to

create a beautiful capital for the empire

• Rebuilds Constantinople’s fortifications– 14-mile stone wall

• Built churches, schools, aqueducts, hospitals

• Crowning achievement: The Hagia Sophia

Page 11: The Byzantine Empire€¦ · PPT file · Web view · 2017-11-27The Byzantine Empire ... Code serves empire for 900 years Justinian’s Code Code consisted of 4 works 1) The Code

The Hagia Sopia

Page 12: The Byzantine Empire€¦ · PPT file · Web view · 2017-11-27The Byzantine Empire ... Code serves empire for 900 years Justinian’s Code Code consisted of 4 works 1) The Code
Page 13: The Byzantine Empire€¦ · PPT file · Web view · 2017-11-27The Byzantine Empire ... Code serves empire for 900 years Justinian’s Code Code consisted of 4 works 1) The Code
Page 14: The Byzantine Empire€¦ · PPT file · Web view · 2017-11-27The Byzantine Empire ... Code serves empire for 900 years Justinian’s Code Code consisted of 4 works 1) The Code

Culture & Education• Although Roman, many

Byzantines spoke Greek• Byzantines valued

education• Education focused on

classical learning– Greek & Latin grammar– Philosophy

• Greek & Roman classics– Literature – Homer– History – Herodotus– Geometry – Euclid– Medicine – Galen

Page 15: The Byzantine Empire€¦ · PPT file · Web view · 2017-11-27The Byzantine Empire ... Code serves empire for 900 years Justinian’s Code Code consisted of 4 works 1) The Code

Constantinople & the Nika Rebellion

• Main Street – the Mese (“Middle Way”)– Trade center for products

from around the world

• Hippodrome – chariot races & other acts (free)– 60,000 capacity

• Nika Rebellion – fans call for Justinian’s head, Belisarius kills 30k rebels– Theodora urges Justinian

to stay – p. 303

Page 16: The Byzantine Empire€¦ · PPT file · Web view · 2017-11-27The Byzantine Empire ... Code serves empire for 900 years Justinian’s Code Code consisted of 4 works 1) The Code

The Hippodrome

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Fall of the Empire• Empire faces setbacks after

Justinian dies– Riots, foreign attacks, etc

• Plague of Justinian– Bubonic Plague from rats; kills

10k/day at its height• Attacks from all over the

empire– West: Lombards– North: Slavs, Avars, Bulgars,

Russians– East: Persians & Muslims

• Constantinople attacked several times & Turks slowly take territory– Battle of Manzikert

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Byzantine Empire

Page 19: The Byzantine Empire€¦ · PPT file · Web view · 2017-11-27The Byzantine Empire ... Code serves empire for 900 years Justinian’s Code Code consisted of 4 works 1) The Code

1453: Fall of the Empire (cont.)• The Byzantines used

everything to maintain their empire– Diplomacy, marriages, military

power• Heraclius organizes provinces

into military districts (delays enemies)

• Foreign attacks, slowly shrink the empire– 1350: empire reduced to the

tip of Anatolia & a strip on the Balkans

– The Walls keep invaders out• Constantinople falls in 1453

Page 20: The Byzantine Empire€¦ · PPT file · Web view · 2017-11-27The Byzantine Empire ... Code serves empire for 900 years Justinian’s Code Code consisted of 4 works 1) The Code

The Walls

Page 21: The Byzantine Empire€¦ · PPT file · Web view · 2017-11-27The Byzantine Empire ... Code serves empire for 900 years Justinian’s Code Code consisted of 4 works 1) The Code

Division of the Church• Christianity develops

differently between the east & west– Reason: Distance & Contact

• As the Eastern Empire grows, distance becomes greater

• Eastern Christianity built on works of early figures– St. Basil – p. 304

• Patriarchs subservient to the Emperor

• 730: Leo III bans use of icons = riots

Page 22: The Byzantine Empire€¦ · PPT file · Web view · 2017-11-27The Byzantine Empire ... Code serves empire for 900 years Justinian’s Code Code consisted of 4 works 1) The Code

Division of the Church (cont.)• West: Pope supports use

of icons– Orders excommunication

of Leo III• Theodora restores icons

in 843• 1054: Pope & Patriarch

excommunicate each other

• Church splits– West: Roman Catholic

Church– East: Orthodox Church

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Conversion of Slavs

• Both churches fight for converts

• Byzantine missionaries push to convert Slavs– North of the Black Sea

• Cyril & Methodius invent the Cyrillic alphabet– Allows Slavs to read the

Bible in their own tongue