The American Nation

Chapter 10The Age of Jefferson

1801–1816

The American Nation

Section 1: A Republican Takes Office

Section 2: The Louisiana Purchase

Section 3: New Threats from Overseas

Section 4: The Road to War

Chapter 10: The Age of Jefferson 1801–1816

Section 5: The War of 1812

Chapter 10, Section 1A Republican Takes Office

•How did Jefferson’s presidency reflect a democratic style?

Chapter 10, Section 1

Jefferson’s Democratic Style

Jefferson wanted to make the government more democratic, which means ensuring that all people have the same rights.– He made his inauguration a low-key affair instead of a

fancy one.– He preferred quiet dinners to formal parties.– To show that the President was an ordinary citizen, he

wore casual clothes and greeted people by shaking hands instead of bowing.

– He promised that although his party, the Republicans, were in the majority, he would not treat the Federalists harshly. In his inaugural address, he said, “The minority possess their equal rights, which equal laws must protect.”

Chapter 10, Section 1

Jefferson’s Economic Policies

• Jefferson believed that one way to lessen government power was to reduce the federal budget.

• Jefferson believed in the economic idea known as laissez faire, a policy in which the government plays as small a role as possible in economic affairs.

• Instead the economy relies on a free market where goods and services are exchanged with little regulation.

Chapter 10, Section 1A Republican Takes Office

•What actions did Jefferson take to

reduce the power of the federal

government?

Chapter 10, Section 1

Jefferson Reduced the Power of the Federal Government

• Tries to cut federal budget and reduce federal debt

• Promotes laissez-faire policies in economic affairs

• Decreases the size of government departments

• Reduces the size of the army and navy

• Asks Congress to repeal the whiskey tax

Goal: Reduce Size of Government

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licie

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• Retains the Bank of the United States

• Continues to pay off state debts using federal moneys

• Allows many Federalists to keep their government jobs

Goal: Reconcile Party Differences

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Chapter 10, Section 1A Republican Takes Office

•How did Chief Justice John Marshall strengthen the

Supreme Court?

Chapter 10, Section 1

Chief Justice Marshall and the Supreme Court

• John Adams had appointed John Marshall as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. Marshall was a Federalist.

• Marshall found the courts to be weaker than other branches of government.

• When William Marbury sued Secretary of State James Madison, the case came before the Supreme Court. The Judiciary Act of 1789 said the Supreme Court could decide cases against federal officials.

Chapter 10, Section 1

• In the Supreme Court’s decision in the case of Marbury v. Madison, Marshall wrote that the Constitution didn’t give the Supreme Court the right to hear such a case, and Congress could not give it the right. Therefore, the Judiciary Act of 1789 was unconstitutional.

• The decision in Marbury v. Madison set a precedent. It gave the Supreme Court the power of judicial review—the power to decide whether laws passed by Congress were constitutional and to reject laws that it considered unconstitutional.

Chapter 10, Section 1Section 1 Assessment

Jefferson believed in a free market, which isa) a grocery store run by ordinary farmers.

b) an economy in which goods and services are exchanged with little regulation.

c) an economy in which the government works to promote trade and manufacturing.

d) an economic situation with high government spending and high government debt.

In the case of Marbury v. Madison, Chief Justice Marshalla) reduced the power of the Supreme Court.

b) established the Supreme Court’s power of judicial review.

c) established the Supreme Court’s power to decide cases against federal officials.

d) upheld the Judiciary Act.

Chapter 10, Section 1Section 1 Assessment

Jefferson believed in a free market, which isa) a grocery store run by ordinary farmers.

b) an economy in which goods and services are exchanged with little regulation.

c) an economy in which the government works to promote trade and manufacturing.

d) an economic situation with high government spending and high government debt.

In the case of Marbury v. Madison, Chief Justice Marshalla) reduced the power of the Supreme Court.

b) established the Supreme Court’s power of judicial review.

c) established the Supreme Court’s power to decide cases against federal officials.

d) upheld the Judiciary Act.