The The Administration Administration

of of Andrew Andrew JacksonJackson

1829-18371829-1837

• Elected 1828 v. Elected 1828 v. John Quincy John Quincy AdamsAdams

• Served 1829-Served 1829-18371837

• First First Democrat Democrat PresidentPresident

President Andrew JacksonPresident Andrew Jackson

• ““Old Hickory”Old Hickory”- Slave owner from - Slave owner from TNTN- Battle of New - Battle of New OrleansOrleans- Took Florida- Took Florida- Lost 1824 - Lost 1824 election inelection in

the “corrupt the “corrupt bargain”bargain”

• Champion of Champion of “common man”“common man”

                                                                                                                                                                                    

Jackson invited the “common man” to the Jackson invited the “common man” to the White House after the inauguration. They White House after the inauguration. They

destroyed the place and rumor has it Jackson destroyed the place and rumor has it Jackson escaped the mob through a window.escaped the mob through a window.

•Strengthened the new Strengthened the new American American nationalismnationalism

•Beginning of the Beginning of the modern Presidencymodern Presidency

- powers of the - powers of the President grew President grew immenselyimmensely

Impact of Impact of PresidencyPresidency

Jacksonian DemocracyJacksonian Democracy• Age of the Common ManAge of the Common Man

- stressed the common peoples’ virtue, - stressed the common peoples’ virtue, intelligence, and capacity for self-government intelligence, and capacity for self-government

- not African Americans, Native Americans, - not African Americans, Native Americans, WomenWomen

- deep disdain for the “better classes,” which - deep disdain for the “better classes,” which claimed a “more enlightened wisdom” than claimed a “more enlightened wisdom” than common mencommon men

• Goal: to remove all obstacles that prevented Goal: to remove all obstacles that prevented farmers, artisans, and small shopkeepers from farmers, artisans, and small shopkeepers from earning a greater share of the nation’s wealthearning a greater share of the nation’s wealth

The Right to VoteThe Right to Vote• Expansion began Expansion began

before Jackson took before Jackson took officeoffice

• Expanded to all white Expanded to all white malesmales

• Most states took away Most states took away property requirementsproperty requirements

• Increased opportunity Increased opportunity to hold officeto hold office

• Jacksonian Ideal = Jacksonian Ideal = UNIVERSAL WHITE UNIVERSAL WHITE MALE SUFFRAGEMALE SUFFRAGE

• Individual states had right Individual states had right to declare federal law to declare federal law unconstitutionalunconstitutional

• Reintroduced by John C. Reintroduced by John C. Calhoun (VP)Calhoun (VP)

• Addressed idea of the tariff Addressed idea of the tariff of abominationsof abominations

• FYI: the price of cotton FYI: the price of cotton barely covered the price of barely covered the price of making it, crippling the making it, crippling the South South

• Fully supported by SCFully supported by SC

NullificationNullification

Robert Y. HayneRobert Y. Hayne• Senator from SCSenator from SC

• Responded to idea that all Responded to idea that all land sales be discontinuedland sales be discontinued

- claimed it was a way for - claimed it was a way for the E. to retain political the E. to retain political powerpower

- Really tried to gain - Really tried to gain support from W. to help support from W. to help lower tarifflower tariff

- defy tyranny of Northeast- defy tyranny of Northeast

Daniel Daniel WebsterWebster

• Senator from Senator from MassachusettsMassachusetts

• Claimed Claimed Hayne Hayne attacked the attacked the integrity of the integrity of the UnionUnion

Webster-Hayne DebateWebster-Hayne Debate

• Switched from sale of western lands v. Switched from sale of western lands v. national rights to States rights v. National national rights to States rights v. National powerpower

• Hayne defended nullificationHayne defended nullification• Webster responded, “Liberty and Union, Webster responded, “Liberty and Union,

now and forever, one and inseparable!now and forever, one and inseparable!

Nullification CrisisNullification Crisis• 18321832

• South Carolina was angry over continued South Carolina was angry over continued problems with tariffsproblems with tariffs

• Legislature nullified tariffs of 1828, 1832Legislature nullified tariffs of 1828, 1832

• Jackson’s reaction:Jackson’s reaction:

- TREASON! Sent a warship to SC- TREASON! Sent a warship to SC

- Proposed force bill: allowed President - Proposed force bill: allowed President to usemilitary to force the acts of Congressto usemilitary to force the acts of Congress

Nullification CrisisNullification Crisis• Calhoun now a Senator in SCCalhoun now a Senator in SC

• No states supported SCNo states supported SC

• Clay proposed a compromiseClay proposed a compromise

- lower tariff gradually- lower tariff gradually

- passed the same day as the force bill- passed the same day as the force bill

• SC repealed nullification of tariffSC repealed nullification of tariff

- nullified the force bill- nullified the force bill

Native Native AmericansAmericans

• Who supported Who supported Indian Indian

Removal? Removal? Why?Why?

Black Hawk WarBlack Hawk War• May 1832May 1832

• Sauk and Fox IndiansSauk and Fox Indians

• Led by Black HawkLed by Black Hawk

• Left Iowa- crossed river – Left Iowa- crossed river – returned to Illinois landreturned to Illinois land

• White settlers panickedWhite settlers panicked

• Militia chased them back Militia chased them back to Iowa & killed manyto Iowa & killed many

• FYI: 70 settlers diedFYI: 70 settlers died– hundreds of Indianshundreds of Indians

Five Civilized TribesFive Civilized Tribes

• Cherokee, Creek, Cherokee, Creek, Seminole, Chickasaw, Seminole, Chickasaw, and Choctawand Choctaw

• GA, AL, Miss, Fl = GA, AL, Miss, Fl = SouthSouth

• Agricultural societiesAgricultural societies• Cherokee had a written Cherokee had a written

language and language and constitutionconstitution

• 1830 Removal Act: passed by Congress - Jackson approved1830 Removal Act: passed by Congress - Jackson approved• Relocated Natives West of the Mississippi River (OK)Relocated Natives West of the Mississippi River (OK)

Worcester v. GeorgiaWorcester v. Georgia

• Supreme Court Supreme Court sided w/ sided w/ CherokeeCherokee

• Jackson’s Jackson’s responseresponse““John Marshall has John Marshall has made his decision, now made his decision, now let him enforce it.”let him enforce it.”

Jackson and the National BankJackson and the National Bank• Jackson opposed the National BankJackson opposed the National Bank

1. Concentrated excessive amount of 1. Concentrated excessive amount of nation's nation's financial strength into a single financial strength into a single institution institution

2. Exposed the government to control by 2. Exposed the government to control by "foreign interests" "foreign interests" 3. Served mainly to make the rich richer 3. Served mainly to make the rich richer 4. Exercised too much control over 4. Exercised too much control over

members of Congress members of Congress 5. Favored NE states over South and 5. Favored NE states over South and

West West

Nicholas BiddleNicholas Biddle• President of the President of the National Bank from National Bank from

1823 on 1823 on

• Allies Clay and Allies Clay and WebsterWebster

The Bank WarThe Bank War

• Biddle v. Jackson Biddle v. Jackson – a power play between the a power play between the

twotwo

• 1832 Biddle asked 1832 Biddle asked Congress for renewal Congress for renewal of bank charterof bank charter

- Congress passed- Congress passed

- Jackson vetoed- Jackson vetoed

The Bank WarThe Bank War• Jackson set out to Jackson set out to

weaken the Bankweaken the Bank

- took federal money out - took federal money out of bankof bank

- placed it in “pet - placed it in “pet banks”banks”

• Biddle responded by Biddle responded by calling in loans and calling in loans and raising interest ratesraising interest rates

- caused a recession- caused a recession

Democratic cartoon shows Jackson fighting the monster Bank. Democratic cartoon shows Jackson fighting the monster Bank. "The Bank," Jackson told Martin Van Buren, "is trying to kill "The Bank," Jackson told Martin Van Buren, "is trying to kill

me, but I will kill it!"me, but I will kill it!"

Bank War ResultsBank War Results

• Jackson won!Jackson won!• Bank died in 1836Bank died in 1836• Country lost stability in banking Country lost stability in banking

systemsystem–Led to recession in Panic of 1837Led to recession in Panic of 1837

Assassination AttemptAssassination Attempt• Richard Lawrence approached Jackson and aimed two Richard Lawrence approached Jackson and aimed two

pistols at him, which both misfired. Jackson then attacked pistols at him, which both misfired. Jackson then attacked Lawrence with his cane, prompting his aides to restrain Lawrence with his cane, prompting his aides to restrain him.. Richard Lawrence gave the doctors several reasons him.. Richard Lawrence gave the doctors several reasons for the shooting. for the shooting.

1. Blamed Jackson for loss of his job1. Blamed Jackson for loss of his job

2. “money would be more plenty” with Jackson dead2. “money would be more plenty” with Jackson dead

3. He was actually Richard III a deposed British 3. He was actually Richard III a deposed British King and Jackson was his clerkKing and Jackson was his clerk

• Lawrence was determined insane and not punished for his Lawrence was determined insane and not punished for his crimecrime

Questions?Questions?