tessy lópez - el mundo mágico del vidrio

5/16/2018 Tessy L pez - El Mundo M gico del Vidrio - slidepdf.com

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Ofx k|lufx hfkfhaialk}fx/ cxé hfif |kc ch}a}|m iãx halk}éeahc bchac ocx ~tf~almcmlx q ~fxadaoamcmlx mlo uamtaf/ bck

ci~oacmf ocx c~oahchafklx ml áx}l+ Iahtfxhf~afx/ }lolxhf~afx q oãxltlx c~ctlhlk lk lx}l ðo}aif xajof q tlx|ilk ofx



mlxh|dtaialk}fx lk oc ick|ech}|tc mlo uamtaf/ i|hbf iãx k|iltfxfx lk ofx ðo}aifx halk cófx s|l lk ofx 8 5>>ck}ltaftlx+ Ml lx}c eftic bfq ~fmlifx bchlt 4 >>> efhfx ~ft iak|}f xak kakj|kc hfi~oahchaøk+

Xa uauat xak lo uamtaf kfx bctéc maeltlk}lx/ c~tlkmlt cojf iãx chlthc ml áo ml xlj|tf kfx uc c lktas|lhlt+ ]tc}lifx~|lx ml xcdlt iãx ml x|x c~oahchafklx/ ml x| hfi~fxahaøk/ ml x| li~olf lk lo ct}l/ ml x| bax}ftac lk Ciátahc/ qtlhfdtlifx oc hc~chamcm ml ictcuaooctkfx+



A+ ¶HØIF Q HFK S\Á XL BCHL LO UAMTAF6

CMLIÃX mlo ~c~lo s|l bc mlxli~lócmf lk oc uamc hf}amackc/ lo uamtaf bc }lkamf |kc }tcxhlkmlk}co ~ct}aha~chaøklk lo mlxcttfoof ml oc }lhkfofjéc q ml k|lx}tc hfkhl~haøk ml oc kc}|tcolpc+ Jtchacx c áo xcdlifx høif xfk ofxiahtfftjckaxifx/ c }tcuáx mlo iahtfxhf~af7 høif lx lo \kaultxf/ hfk lo |xf ml ofx }lolxhf~afx7 h|ão lx oc kc}|tcolpcmlo ã}fif q lo makciaxif ml |kc háo|oc uauc+ Oc uctalmcm ml |xfx s|l xl ol bc lkhfk}tcmf xfocilk}l lx}ã oaia}cmc~ft oc hc~chamcm q lo akjlkaf mlo bfidtl+ X| ultxc}aoamcm lx maeéhaoilk}l x|x}a}|adol/ ~ft of s|l x| lx}|maf xl u|loul

iãx ak}ltlxck}l+Dãxahcilk}l/ lo ~takha~af ml ecdtahchaøk mlo uamtaf bc ~lticklhamf akuctacdol mlxml x|x hfialkpfx/ ~|lx ocx~takha~colx ic}ltacx ~taicx q ocx }li~ltc}|tcx ml e|xaøk kf bck xamf ifmaeahcmcx+ Xak lidctjf/ ocx }áhkahcx xl bck}tckxefticmf ~ctc hfkxlj|at |k ~tfhlxf ml ~tfm|hhaøk iãx chloltcmf/ q ofx akulx}ajcmftlx bck locdftcmfmaeltlk}lx hfi~|lx}fx ~ctc hfidakctofx hfk lo ic}ltaco dt|}f q cxé uctact ocx ~tf~almcmlx eéxahcx q s|éiahcx/ mlickltc s|l xlc ~fxadol max~fklt ml |kc ci~oac jcic ml uamtafx ~ctc maultxcx c~oahchafklx+

Lo uamtaf xl bchl lk |k tlch}ft ml e|xaøk/ lk mfkml xl hcoalk}c |kc ilphoc s|l hcxa xali~tl hfkxax}l lk ctlkc xaoéhlc"cthaoocx! q øramfx il}ãoahfx xlhfx ~|oultapcmfx f jtck|ocmfx+ Lk lo ~tfhlxf ml oc e|xaøk "~cxf ml xøoamf c oés|amf!xl eftic |k oés|amf uaxhfxf q oc icxc xl bchl }tckx~ctlk}l q bfifjáklc c }li~ltc}|tcx icqftlx c 3 >>>°H+ Coxchctof mlo tlch}ft/ lo uamtaf cms|altl |kc tajamlp s|l ~ltia}l mctol eftic q icka~|octof+ Hfk}tfockmf oc

}li~ltc}|tc ml lketacialk}f xl lua}c oc mlxua}taeahchaøk f htax}coapchaøk+Lk oc ck}ajÿlmcm oc e|xaøk xl bchéc lk ifomlx ml ctlkc blhbfx lk hcxc/ hfif xl ul lk oc eaj|tc 2/ ~ltf ~ctc ocakm|x}tacoapchaøk ml lx}l ~tfhlxf e|l klhlxctaf hfkx}t|at jtckmlx bftkfx "eaj|tc 1!/ mfkml cmliãx ml ocx ic}ltacx~taicx xl ~fméck cócmat }tfpfx ml uamtaf ual`f ml mlxlhbf+

Eaj|tc 2+ Bftkf ml e|xaøk hcxltf ck}aj|f "xajof RUAA!+

Eaj|tc 1+ Bftkf }cks|l+



M|tck}l ofx }ali~fx ~taia}aufx ml oc akm|x}tac mlo uamtaf/ ocx ðkahcx ic}ltacx ~taicx s|l xl |}aoapcdck lk x|ecdtahchaøk ltck ocx cthaoocx+ Bfq lk méc xl li~olck max}ak}cx ilphocx ~ctc fd}lklt maeltlk}lx }a~fx+ ^ft l`li~of/ ofxdofs|lx ml uamtaf xl ecdtahck lk ifomlx hfk |kc ilphoc ml ctlkc ml xéoahl/ hco q xfxc/ q xl olx cócml mfofia}c/cthaooc ml co|iakaf q ~tfm|h}fx ~ctc lo tleakcmf+ Lk oc ch}|coamcm i|hbfx ic}ltacolx mlxli~lóck |k ~c~loai~ft}ck}l/ ~ltf ocx cthaoocx xaj|lk xalkmf e|kmcilk}colx+

C|ks|l oc ~cocdtc ~|lml tlx|o}ctkfx hfkfhamc/ lx ~fxadol s|l kf xl~cifx s|l oc cthaooc lx lo ~tfm|h}f mlo

lkul`lhaialk}f jlfoøjahf ml oc x|~lteahal ml oc ]alttc/ q s|l hfif lx}c mljlkltchaøk lx hfk}ak|c q xl ~tfm|hl lk}fmcx ~ct}lx/ lx |k ic}ltaco }lttfxf i|q cd|kmck}l lk oc kc}|tcolpc+ Ml blhbf/ ~ctc lo h|o}aucmft/ lo iakltf f lohfkx}t|h}ft ml hcttl}ltcx tlx|o}c |k lx}ftdf+ Lk k|lx}tf ~céx }lklifx k|iltfxcx cthaoocx+ Ofx qchaialk}fx lk ocTl~ðdoahc xl lkh|lk}tck max}tad|amfx lk lo }ltta}ftaf hfttlx~fkmalk}l c 3> ml ofx lx}cmfx s|l eftick ochfkelmltchaøk ~foé}ahc mlo ~céx+ Ocx ofhcoamcmlx mfkml xl bck lkhfk}tcmf xl ao|x}tck lk lo ic~c hfttlx~fkmalk}l"eaj|tc 3>!+ Lk áx}l xl fdxltuc s|l lk Hbab|cb|c/ Pchc}lhcx/ Cj|cxhcoalk}lx/ @coaxhf/ J|ckc`|c}f/ S|ltá}ctf/Bamcojf/ ]ocrhcoc/ ^|ldoc q J|lttltf xl lkh|lk}tck ocx pfkcx ai~ft}ck}lx+ C ilk|mf lx}fx }ltta}ftafx lx}ãktlochafkcmfx hfk tljafklx ml iakltcoapchaøk/ hfif ocx s|l hfttlx~fkmlk c ofx lx}cmfx ml J|ckc`|c}f/ Bamcojf qS|ltá}ctf+

Eaj|tc 3>+ \dahchaøk ml ofx ~takha~colx qchaialk}fx ml cthaoocx xaoéhlcx lk oc Tl~ðdoahc Ilrahckc



Ocx tfhcx éjklcx ~taictacx s|l maltfk o|jct c ocx cthaoocx e|ltfk/ lk}tl f}tcx/ jtcka}fx/ ~ljic}a}cx q elomlx~c}fx+ Lolkul`lhaialk}f ml lx}cx tfhcx ~taictacx e|l ~tfm|hamf ~ft oc chhaøk ilhãkahc mlo cj|c/ lo ualk}f/ ofx jochactlx q ofxifuaialk}fx }lttlx}tlx/ hfidakcmfx hfk oc chhaøk s|éiahc mlo cj|c q mlo daøramf ml hctdfkf c co}cx }li~ltc}|tcx+Bfq lk méc ocx iaxicx e|ltpcx kc}|tcolx xaj|lk ~tfm|halkmf cthaooc/ eftiãkmfxl cxé iãx hck}amcm ml oc s|l lobfidtl ~|lml |}aoapct+

Oc cthaooc lx |k ic}ltaco lkjcófxcilk}l xlkhaoof+ Kf }alkl oc fdx}akcmc m|tlpc ml oc ~almtc/ ka oc eadtc}li~ltcilk}co ml oc icmltc/ ka oc xfoamlp mlo il}co/ ~ltf }alkl |kc etcjaoamcm q |kc akhfkx}ckhac s|l ~ctlhlk ~lmat|k h|amcmf lx~lhaco+ Lx dockmc/ møhao/ ~oãx}ahc/ icolcdol/ xak ul}c ka matlhhaøk+ Hocxaeahctoc lx |kc }ctlc maeéhao qhfkm|hl c maeltlk}lx tlx|o}cmfx/ ml~lkmalkmf ml oc hctch}ltéx}ahc mlo ic}ltaco s|l xl }fil hfif tleltlkhac+ Oc

~fmlifx ftmlkct mlxml |k ~|k}f ml uax}c jlfoøjahf/ iakltcoøjahf f ml ch|ltmf hfk x| |xf+

\kc hocxaeahchaøk jlfoøjahc lx oc iãx hfkulkalk}l lk lo hcxf ml oc cthaooc/ ~|lx ~|lml xlt |kc j|éc ~tloaiakct ð}aoml ocx ic}ltacx ~taicx li~olcmcx lk oc akm|x}tac mlo uamtaf "eaj|tc 33!+ Cxaiaxif ~|lmlk mauamatxl lk mfx jtckmlxjt|~fx0 ocx ~taictacx q ocx xlh|kmctacx+ Ocx cthaoocx ~taictacx/ }cidaák hfkfhamcx hfif cthaoocx tlxam|colx/ xfk ocxs|l xl bck efticmf lk lo o|jct ml x|x tfhcx icmtlx q kf bck xamf }tckx~ft}cmcx ~ft lo cj|c/ lo ualk}f f lo jochact+Co kf bcdlt ifuaialk}f/ hcxa kf bcq f~ft}|kamcm ml s|l ocx ilphocx ml f}tcx ~tfhlmlkhacx co}ltlk x| hfi~fxahaøk/~ft of s|l }alkmlk c xlt tloc}aucilk}l ~|tcx q oadtlx ml ic}ltacolx kf cthaoofxfx+ Xfk ucoftcmcx ~ft x| oai~alpc/ x|dockh|tc/ x| x|cuamcm/ x| dc`f hfx}f q x| maeah|o}cm ~ctc lkhfk}tctocx+ Ocx cthaoocx xlh|kmctacx xfk cs|loocx s|l bckxamf mlx~ocpcmcx mlo o|jct mfkml e|ltfk efticmcx+ Xfk i|hbf iãx hfi|klx/ ilkfx ~|tcx/ ~|lx }alklk ic}ltaco~tfhlmlk}l ml max}ak}cx e|lk}lx/ q x| hfi~fxahaøk uctéc ci~oacilk}l+ Lx}fx mc}fx xfk ~ct}ah|octilk}l ai~ft}ck}lx~ctc ocx ~ltxfkcx s|l uck c |}aoapct lx}fx ic}ltacolx/ qc s|l ocx hfkmahafklx ml }tcdc`f xl co}ltck ml ickltc kf}cdol+

Ocx cthaoocx s|l xl lkh|lk}tck lxlkhacoilk}l ~|tcx tls|altlk |k }tc}cialk}f iékaif/ ialk}tcx s|l ocx f}tcx }alklks|l }tc}ctxl c ~tfe|kmamcm ck}lx ml xlt |}aoapcmcx lk oc akm|x}tac+



Eaj|tc 33+ Macjtcic ml eo|`f ml oc hocxaeahchaøk ml ocx cthaoocx+

S|apã }l lx}áx ~tlj|k}ckmf ~ft s|á ol mcifx }ck}c ai~ft}ckhac c ocx cthaoocx/ xa áx}l lx |k oadtf chlthc mlo uamtaf+ Ofs|l x|hlml lx s|l s|ltlifx lkxlóct}l q hfkulkhlt}l ml s|l oc cthaooc lx hfif }alttc/ hfif ctlkc/ q s|l ml looc xlfd}alklk ofx uamtafx+ H|lx}c }tcdc`f aicjakctof/ ¶ultmcm6 ^alkxc lk oc xft~tlxc s|l xl ooluø lo bfidtl ~taia}aufh|ckmf of mlxh|dtaø+ ^|xf c hcolk}ct }alttc q áx}c xl li~lpø c ~fklt m|tc bcx}c s|l xl }tckxeftiø lk |k uamtaf+X|lkc hfif icjac+ Bfq xcdlifx s|l c ilmamc s|l oc }li~ltc}|tc ml }tc}cialk}f ml oc cthaooc c|ilk}c iãx cooã mlotf`f uauf/ xl ~tfm|hl |k lkm|tlhaialk}f/ xlj|amf ml |kc hfi~ch}chaøk q eakcoilk}l ml |kc }tckxeftichaøk ml occthaooc lk uamtaf+ M|tck}l oc ua}taeahchaøk xl ~tfm|hl |kc hfkxamltcdol hfk}tchhaøk/ mldamc c oc maxiak|haøk mlo}cicóf ml ocx ~ct}éh|ocx q c |kc tllx}t|h}|tchaøk ml ocx ifoáh|ocx mlk}tf ml oc ic}tap ué}tlc+ ^ltf/ ¶ml s|á lx}ãkefticmcx ocx cthaoocx s|l olx ~ltia}l bchlt }fmf lxf6 Ocx cthaoocx xfk xaoahfco|iakc}fx hfi~ol`fx+ \kxaoahfco|iakc}f lx |k hfi~|lx}f blhbf hfk xaoahaf q co|iakaf/ s|l xl eftic h|ckmf oc xéoahl ifmaeahc x| x|~lteahal~ft oc ak}ltchhaøk hfk afklx co|iakc}f/ ak}lthcidackmf afklx Xa"FB!)= ~ft afklx Co"FB!)=/ hfif xl ao|x}tc lk oc

eaj|tc 34+ Xl ~|lmlk ak}lthcidact |kfx ~ft f}tfx ~fts|l xfk i|q ~ctlhamfx lk}tl xé+ Lo Co"FB!)= }alkl |kc hctjckljc}auc q h|c}tf jt|~fx FB/ aj|co s|l lo Xa"FB!)=+ Cmliãx/ lo xaoahaf q lo co|iakaf xfk ml |k }cicóf xaiaoct+Hfk lo }ali~f lx}fx hfi~|lx}fx tlchhafkck q eftick xcolx xfo|dolx hfk ofx afklx cohcoakfx "Kc/ Oa/ q G! qcohcoakf}áttlfx "Dl/ Ij q Hc!/ hcidackmf cxé oc lx}t|h}|tc ml ofx xaoahfco|iakc}fx ftajakcolx+ Lo co|iakaf ~|lmllx}ct tfmlcmf ~ft = f 5 ã}fifx ml fréjlkf/ q ~|lml }lklt hctjc '8 f '=+ Aicjaklifx |k xaoahc}f mfkml |kf ml ofxã}fifx ml Xa'= lx}ã x|x}a}|amf ~ft |k afk Co'8+

Eaj|tc 34+ Lx}t|h}|tc mlo xaoahfco|iakc}f lk |kc cthaooc+

Hfif oc hctjc jofdco }alkl s|l xlt oc iaxic q lo xaoahaf }alkl h|c}tf ialk}tcx s|l lo co|iakaf }alkl }tlx/ xl |kl |kG'3 f |k Oa'3 q tlx|loul lo ~tfdolic+ Lk oc eaj|tc 38 c~ctlhl |k mad|`f ml oc lx}t|h}|tc ml ocx cthaoocx hfk q xakil}colx+ Lk oc eaj|tc 38"c! ulifx s|l bcq mfx }a~fx maeltlk}lx ml hc~cx+ Lk oc ~ct}l ml cdc`f lkhfk}tcifx |kc hc~cml xaoahaf/ lk ilmaf |kc ml co|iakaf q c hfk}ak|chaøk f}tc ml xaoahaf/ hfk x|x tlx~lh}aufx fréjlkfx hcmc |kc/ ~ftx|~|lx}f+ Lx hoctf s|l lo co|iakaf hcidaø oc eftic ml oc cthaooc+ Lk oc eaj|tc 38"d! oc xa}|chaøk lx xaiaoct/ xcouf s|l

lk áx}c xl akmahc oc ~fxahaøk s|l }fick ofx ã}fifx ml ~f}cxaf "G!+ Xa xlj|aifx d|xhckmf maeltlkhacx/ ultlifx s|l



lk oc cthaooc s|l hctlhl ml il}colx "eaj|tc 38"c!! c~ctlhlk ifoáh|ocx ml cj|c "B4F! lk}tl hc~cx ml xaoahaf+ ^ft lxfxl mahl s|l }fmfx lx}fx iakltcolx }alklk oc ~tf~almcm ml cdxftdlt cj|c/ of s|l }cidaák hfk}tad|ql c s|l ocxlx}t|h}|tcx xlck iãx ckhbcx ~fts|l/ hfif ~|lmlx ult/ oc ml oc eaj|tc 38"c! iaml lk}tl 1+5 q 43+= Ì/ ml~lkmalkmf mloc hck}amcm ml cj|c s|l bcqc cdxftdamf/ ialk}tcx s|l oc ml oc eaj|tc 38"d! iaml 3> Ì+ Lx}fx hcidafx lk oclx}t|h}|tc ml oc cthaooc xfk oc dcxl ml x| kc}|tcolpc hc~tahbfxc+

Eaj|tc 38+ Lx}t|h}|tc htax}coakc ml cthaoocx+ c! Xak il}colx cohcoakfx "ifk}iftaoofka}c!+ d! Hfk il}colx

cohcoakfx q cohcoakf}áttlfx "aooa}c!+

Lk oc xéoahl/ oc |kamcm lx}t|h}|tco e|kmcilk}co lx |k }l}tclmtf ml XaF=/ lx mlhat/ |k ã}fif ml xaoahaf tfmlcmf

xali~tl ~ft h|c}tf ã}fifx ml fréjlkf "eaj|tc 3=!+ Ocx e|ltpcx s|l ick}alklk |kamfx c lx}fx ã}fifx hfi~tlkmlklkochlx aøkahfx q hfucolk}lx/ of h|co ~tfufhc s|l oc e|ltpc mlo lkochl xlc i|q jtckml+ Xa ~lkxcifx lk }l}tclmtfx mlxéoahl `|k}fx/ |kfx tfmlckmf c f}tfx/ }lkmtécifx |kc hfidakchaøk ml }l}tclmtfx ml xéoahl "hfk x|x tlx~lh}aufxfréjlkfx! ftalk}cmfx co cpct+ Lk |k htax}co hfif lo ml oc eaj|tc 3<"c! ofx ã}fifx xaj|lk |k ~c}tøk lx}tah}f mlftalk}chaøk s|l xl tl~a}l k ulhlx/ xali~tl ml oc iaxic ickltc+ Lk |k uamtaf/ ofx lkochlx Xa)F)Xa kf }alklk |kcftalk}chaøk ml}ltiakcmc "eaj|tc 3< "d!!7 oc max}ckhac ml xl~ctchaøk lk}tl ofx ã}fifx ml Xa q F kf lx bfifjáklc/ ocx|kamcmlx }l}tcámtahcx kf xl tl~a}lk hfk tlj|octamcm q lo hfi~|lx}f lx}ã mlxftmlkcmf+ C lx}c ðo}aic xl ol hfkfhlhfif xéoahl ciftec/ ialk}tcx s|l c oc ftmlkcmc xl ol hfkfhl hfif xéoahl htax}coakc/ q cidcx xl |}aoapck lk ocecdtahchaøk mlo uamtaf+ Lo h|ctpf "eaj|tc 35!/ lx |k l`li~of ml xéoahl htax}coakc i|q li~olcmc lk lx}c ick|ech}|tc+

Eaj|tc 3=+ ]l}tclmtf ml xaoahaf tfmlcmf ml h|c}tf ã}fifx ml fréjlkf+



Eaj|tc 3<+ Tl~tlxlk}chaøk jtãeahc ml ocx maeltlkhacx lx}t|h}|tcolx lk}tl |k htax}co "c! q |k uamtaf "d!+

Eaj|tc 35+ Lx}t|h}|tc htax}coakc tlj|oct ml h|ctpf+

Hfk ocx cthaoocx xl bchlk ofx uamtafx/ q hfif lrax}l |kc jtck uctalmcm/ lo uamtaf s|l fd}lkjcifx ml~lkmltã ml occthaooc s|l lxhf`cifx/ tcpøk ~ft oc h|co xl klhlxa}c hfkfhlt i|q dalk ocx ic}ltacx ~taicx+ Lx}f of xcdlk ofx xlóftlx

uamtaltfx/ q ~ft lxf bck c~tlkmamf s|l oc hcfoaka}c "eaj|tc 3:! lx lo jt|~f ml iakltcolx ml cthaooc iãx xlkhaoof/ x|lx}t|h}|tc dãxahc xl hfi~fkl ml ã}fifx ml fréjlkf ftmlkcmfx ml }co ickltc s|l mck o|jct c hc~cx co}ltkcmcx mlb|lhfx }l}tcámtahfx/ s|l xl fh|~ck ~ft ã}fifx ml xaoahaf q co|iakaf/ q b|lhfx fh}cámtahfx/ fh|~cmfx ~ft ã}fifx mlco|iakaf/ icjklxaf/ balttf q hakh+



Eaj|tc 3:+ Lx}t|h}|tc ml oc hcfoaka}c+

]cidaák bcq ai~|tlpcx s|l fh|~ck xa}afx ak}ltx}ahacolx/ f mahbf ml f}tc ickltc/ }alklk afklx s|l lx}ãk icochfifmcmfx+ Lo lelh}f ml ocx ai~|tlpcx ml~lkml ml x| kc}|tcolpc/ ml oc ~tf~fthaøk lk s|l xl lkh|lk}tck/ mlo}cicóf q ml oc eftic ml ofx jtckfx ml oc cthaooc/ q ml ocx hfkmahafklx ml tlchhaøk/ akho|qlkmf oc }li~ltc}|tccohckpcmc/ oc m|tchaøk mlo hcolk}cialk}f q ofx lelh}fx ml coj|kcx f}tcx x|x}ckhacx ~tlxlk}lx+ H|ckmf lx}cxai~|tlpcx xfk hfi~|lx}fx ml balttf/ ~ft l`li~of/ lo hfoft ml oc cthaooc hcidac/ q c~ctlhlk leoftlxhlkhacx mlhfoftlx lk oc x|~lteahal mlo ic}ltaco xlhf q ickhbcx kljtcx f jtaxlx+ ]cidaák xl ifmaeahck ocx ~tf~almcmlxtletch}ctacx+ Lo øramf eáttahf lx co}cilk}l tletch}ctaf h|ckmf xl lkh|lk}tc lk |kc c}iøxeltc framck}l7 lk |kctlm|h}ftc ch}ðc hfif e|kmlk}l+ Oc maeltlkhac lk}tl ocx mfx xa}|chafklx lx s|l lk oc ~tailtc lo balttf ~altmllolh}tfklx/ ialk}tcx s|l lk oc xlj|kmc ofx jckc+ Lx}c max~ctamcm ~|lml hcidact tcmahcoilk}l ocx ~tf~almcmlx ml ocic}ltac ~taic klhlxctac ~ctc bchlt |k uamtaf+ Ocx ai~|tlpcx kfx ~|lmlk cq|mct c x| ick|ech}|tc/ of ai~ft}ck}l lxxcdltocx lxhfjlt q ickl`ct+

Mlxml s|l lo bfidtl ~taia}auf mlxh|dtaø lo uamtaf/ x| ecdtahchaøk bc hcidacmf ~fhf/ q bc ml~lkmamf lk jtckilmamc ml oc aketclx}t|h}|tc max~fkadol ~ctc oc e|xaøk ml ocx ic}ltacx ~taicx+ Ck}aj|cilk}l xl |}aoapcdck htaxfolxhfk hc~chamcm ml ~fhcx }fklocmcx "bfq lk méc xl xaj|lk |xckmf ~ctc locdftct uamtafx lx~lhacolx!+ Lk ocx jtckmlxeãdtahcx ifmltkcx xl |}aoapc lo oocicmf bftkf }cks|l/ s|l hfkxax}l lk |k jtck }cks|l hlttcmf/ blhbf hfk ofxil`ftlx ic}ltacolx tletch}ctafx+ Lo hfid|x}adol "jcx f ~l}tøolf! xl s|lic mlk}tf mlo }cks|l/ ~tfm|hl lkftilxoocicx s|l ~cxck xfdtl oc x|~lteahal ml uamtaf e|kmamf q xfdtl ocx ic}ltacx ~taicx eof}ck}lx cðk kf e|kmamcx+ Ofxbftkfx }cks|l iãx |x|colx xfk hfk}ak|fx/ of s|l s|altl mlhat s|l ocx ic}ltacx ~taicx s|l xl ak}tfm|hlk ~ft lolr}tlif ml e|xaøk xcolk hfk oc iaxic tc~amlp ~ft lo ocmf f~|lx}f lk eftic ml uamtaf e|kmamf/ ~ctc mlx~|áx ~cxct cocx iãs|akcx s|l ol mck eftic+ Lrax}lk bftkfx hfk}ak|fx i|q jtckmlx/ hfk |kc hc~chamcm }f}co ml =<> }fklocmcx q|kc ~tfm|hhaøk mactac ml uamtaf ml 4<> }fklocmcx+ Ocx co}cx }li~ltc}|tcx hfk ocx s|l }tcdc`ck lx}fx bftkfx"cotlmlmft ml 3 <>>°H! tls|altlk xax}licx ml hcomlf tljlkltc}aufx ~ctc tlh|~ltct ~ct}l mlo hcoft+

H|ckmf lo uamtaf xcol mlo }cks|l ml e|xaøk xl lketéc q xl lkm|tlhl tã~amcilk}l+ Lk ofx ~fhfx xlj|kmfx s|l~lticklhl c |kc }li~ltc}|tc lk}tl lo tf`f cictaoof q lo tf`f kctck`c xl }tcdc`c ml i|hbcx efticx ~ctc mctolmaeltlk}lx cx~lh}fx+ Xl ~|lml ~tlkxct/ xf~oct/ lx}atct q ociakct+ Lo uamtaf etéf ~|lml ufoultxl c hcolk}ct q }tcdc`ctxltl~l}amcx ulhlx hfk oc iaxic echaoamcm c~oahckmf lo iaxif iá}fmf+ Lx ai~ft}ck}l lua}ct s|l lo uamtaf hcoalk}l qdockmf ~lticklphc c oc ak}li~ltal mlicxacmf }ali~f/ ~fts|l xl ~|lml htax}coapct+

Lk oc ~tfm|hhaøk c jtck lxhcoc/ akilmac}cilk}l mlx~|áx ml s|l xl ol bc mcmf eftic c |k ct}éh|of ml uamtaf/ áx}l lx}tckx~ft}cmf bcx}c |k bftkf ml tlhfhamf hfk}ak|f/ lk lo h|co xl u|loul c hcolk}ct c oc }li~ltc}|tc c~tf~acmc+ Hfklx}f xl lua}ck }lkxafklx mlk}tf mlo ic}ltaco ué}tlf+ ^fx}ltaftilk}l xl xfil}l c |k lketacialk}f olk}f q hfk}tfocmf+Mlx~|áx ml xcoat mlo bftkf ml hfhamf/ hcmc ct}éh|of lx akx~lhhafkcmf/ lidcocmf q/ xa lx klhlxctaf/ xl xfil}l cf~ltchafklx ml chcdcmf+ Lk oc eaj|tc 32 xl i|lx}tc |k macjtcic mlo ~tfhlxf ml ecdtahchaøk mlo uamtaf+ Oc ic}ltac~taic xl ~fkl lk lo }cks|l ml e|xaøk+ \kc ulp e|kmamc xl ol mc eftic ~ctc mlx~|áx tlhfhltoc+ Xl ~|lml ult s|l oc



}li~ltc}|tc ml tlhfhamf lx tloc}aucilk}l dc`c hfi~ctcmc hfk oc ml e|xaøk/ q s|l lo uamtaf tf}f ml mlxlhbf xl ~|lmlufoult c |}aoapct h|ck}cx ulhlx xl mlxll+

Eaj|tc 32+ Macjtcic ~ctc oc ecdtahchaøk ml uamtaf+

Lx ai~ft}ck}l mlx}chct s|l lo ~tfhlxf ml ecdtahchaøk lx ~tãh}ahcilk}l lo iaxif ~ctc }fmfx ofx }a~fx/ q of s|lhcidac ml |k l`li~oct c f}tf lx lo ic}ltaco+ ]fmfx loofx }alklk lk icqft f ilkft ~tf~fthaøk ã}fifx ml xaoahaf/ s|llx |kf ml ofx lolilk}fx ml oc }cdoc ~ltaømahc s|l iãx xl ~ctlhl co hctdfkf+ Lx}f tlx|o}c ak}ltlxck}l xa ~lkxcifx s|llo hctdfkf lx oc dcxl e|kmcilk}co ml oc uamc lk k|lx}tf ~ockl}c+ Xa xfk }ck ~ctlhamfx/ ¶~ft s|á kf lrax}l uamc lk oc]alttc dcxcmc lk oc s|éiahc mlo xaoahaf6/ q ¶~ft s|á kf ~fmlifx |}aoapct lo hctdfkf ~ctc ecdtahct uamtaf6 Oc tcpøk

tcmahc lk oc jtck echaoamcm s|l }alkl lo xaoahaf ~ctc eftict hfi~|lx}fx hfk lo fréjlkf/ lua}ckmf hfk lx}f ocx octjcxhcmlkcx s|l xltéck ls|aucolk}lx c ocx mlo hctdfkf/ q s|l xfk ai~ft}ck}lx lk oc s|éiahc ml oc uamc+ Lx ~tlhaxcilk}llx}c ceakamcm hfk lo frajlkf of s|l of bchl ð}ao l akmax~lkxcdol lk oc eftichaøk mlo uamtaf+



AA+ ]A^FX ML UAMTAF

HFIF chcdcifx ml ollt lk lo hc~é}|of ck}ltaft/ oc ic}ltac ~taic dãxahc ~ctc bchlt |k uamtaf xfk ocx cthaoocx+H|ckmf c lx}c ic}ltac xl ol cjtljck max}ak}fx hfi~|lx}fx s|éiahfx xl fd}alklk maeltlk}lx }a~fx ml uamtaf+ Hfk dcxllk x| hfi~fxahaøk s|éiahc xl ~|lml bchlt |kc hocxaeahchaøk hfif oc s|l c~ctlhl lk oc }cdoc AA+3/ mfkml xl tlx|ilkofx hfi~|lx}fx q lolilk}fx s|l ~fxllk ofx uamtafx hfilthacolx iãx hfi|klx+

]CDOC AA+3+ Hfi~fxahaøk ml ofx uamtafx hfilthacolx "ofx kðiltfx akmahck lo

~fthlk}c`l!

Lolilk}fx Xømahf”hãohahf ^ofif Dftfxaoahc}f Xéoahl

Xéoahl :>):< <8)52 :8)24 15

Xfmaf 34)32 <)3> 8)3>

^f}cxaf >)3 3)3> >+=)3

Hcohaf <)3= >)5 >)3

^ofif 3<)=> >)3>

Dftf <)4> 8)=

Co|iakaf >+<)8 >)4 4)8

Icjklxaf >)=

^ctc bcdoct ml}coocmcilk}l ml hcmc |kf ml loofx xajcifx lo iaxif ftmlk ml oc }cdoc+

LO UAMTAF XØMAHF)HÃOHAHFLx}ã efticmf ~ft xéoahl/ xfmaf q hcohaf ~takha~coilk}l+ Oc xéoahl lx ~ct}l ml oc ic}ltac ~taic dãxahc/ lo xfmaf ol mchalt}c echaoamcm ml e|xaøk q lo hcohaf oc ~tfull ml lx}cdaoamcm s|éiahc+ Xak lo hcohaf lo uamtaf xltéc xfo|dol bcx}c lkcj|c q ~tãh}ahcilk}l kf xltuatéc ~ctc kcmc+ ¶]l aicjakcx |k ucxf s|l xl mlxbahaltc hfk lo cj|c6

Lx}l }a~f ml uamtaf lx lo s|l xl e|kml hfk icqft echaoamcm q lo iãx dctc}f+ ^ft lxf oc icqft ~ct}l mlo uamtafakhfoftf q }tckx~ctlk}l }alkl lx}c hfi~fxahaøk+ Ocx ulk}ckcx ml ofx lmaeahafx/ mlxml oc iãx jtckml bcx}c oc iãx~ls|lóc lx}ãk blhbcx hfk lx}l uamtaf+ Of ðkahf s|l hcidac ml |kc maiak|}c ulk}ckc c |k ulk}ckco ml lkftilxmailkxafklx lx lo lx~lxft+ Lx}ã }ck lx}|macmf lo jtfxft lk tlochaøk hfk lo }cicóf/ s|l bcq |kc hocxaeahchaøk q |kctljocilk}chaøk ~ctc lo }a~f ml uamtaf s|l xl mldl |xct lk hcmc hfkx}t|hhaøk+ Lk oc eaj|tc 31 xl ao|x}tc lo lx~lxftklhlxctaf mlo uamtaf/ xljðk lo }cicóf ml oc ulk}ckc+ ^ft l`li~of/ |k ulk}ckco ml 4>> hi ml co}|tc }alkl s|l }lkltlk}tl :< q 3>> ii ml lx~lxft+



Eaj|tc 31+ Lx~lxftlx ml uamtafx ml ulk}ckcx+

Oc tlxax}lkhac s|éiahc mlo uamtaf xømahf)hãohahf xl bc il`ftcmf lk cófx tlhalk}lx co c|ilk}ct oc ~tf~fthaøk mloxéoahl/ ~fts|l áx}c lx ~fhf tlch}auc+ ]cidaák xl c|ilk}c oc eft}colpc c of s|l xl hfkfhl hfif hbfs|l }átiahf+ ¶Xcdlx of s|l lx lo hbfs|l }átiahf6 S|apã coj|kc ulp bcqcx uax}f høif xl tfi~l |k tletch}ctaf "kf ml ofxlx~lhacolx! s|l/ mlx~|áx ml xchctof mlo bftkf q lx}ckmf cðk hcoalk}l/ xl ~fkl mldc`f mlo cj|c etéc+ Lx}f lx of s|l xlhfkfhl hfif |k hbfs|l }átiahf+ Oc lr~oahchaøk ml ~ft s|á xl ~tfm|hl lx i|q xlkhaooc+ Aicjakáifkfx s|l ocxifoáh|ocx lx}ãk efticmcx ~ft ~lof}cx |kamcx hfk tlxft}lx s|l xl lx}atck q hfk}tclk "ocx ~lof}cx xfk ofx ã}fifx q ofxtlxft}lx ofx lkochlx!+ Co c|ilk}ct oc }li~ltc}|tc/ of s|l lx}cifx bchalkmf lx c|ilk}ct oc lkltjéc }átiahc s|l xl}tcm|hl lk s|l ofx tlxft}lx ml ocx ifoáh|ocx xl hfk}tcajck q xl lx}atlk iãx q c icqft ulofhamcm+ Co bchltofklhlxa}ck |k o|jct iãx ci~oaf/ hfif xl ~|lml ult lk oc eaj|tc 4>"c!/ q lo ic}ltaco xl lr~ckml+ Xa cbftc of ~fklifx

lk cj|c etéc/ oc lkltjéc }átiahc maxiak|ql q ofx tlxft}lx u|loulk c }lklt x| ifuaialk}f ftajakco/ ~ft of s|l qc kfklhlxa}ck iãx lx~chaf ~ctc ifultxl+ Xa lo uamtaf xl lketéc ~fhf c ~fhf/ ~c|oc}akcilk}l ooljc c x|x mailkxafklxftajakcolx q kf xl ~tfm|hl kakjðk tfi~aialk}f+ H|ckmf lo ic}ltaco tljtlxc tã~amcilk}l co }cicóf akahaco xltfi~l+ Xl oocic hbfs|l }átiahf ~fts|l xl lx}ãk lketlk}ckmf mfx }li~ltc}|tcx maeltlk}lx/ of h|co ~tfufhc s|l loic}ltaco xl mlx}t|qc+



Eaj|tc 4>+ Uadtchafklx lk oc ifoáh|oc ml XaF4+

Ofx ã}fifx }cidaák xl i|lulk ml cttadc bchac cdc`f/ hfif xl i|lx}tc lk oc eaj|tc 4>"d!/ q lk lx}l hcxf ofx tlxft}lxhcxa kf xl lx}atck ka hfk}tclk+ H|ckmf xl c|ilk}c oc }li~ltc}|tc lx}l ifuaialk}f xl bchl iãx ~tfk|khacmf/ ~ltfhfif ofx tlxft}lx xl lx}atck ilkfx/ kf xl klhlxa}c |k lx~chaf i|hbf icqft q lo ic}ltaco kf xl lr~ckml }ck}f+ Cxé/c|k h|ckmf tã~amcilk}l tljtlxl c x| }cicóf akahaco co lketactxl/ kf xl ~tfm|hl kakj|kc tf}|tc ~fts|l kf bcq jtckmaeltlkhac lk}tl oc mailkxaøk ftajakco q oc lr~ckmamc+

C lx}fx ifuaialk}fx lk}tl ofx ã}fifx xl olx hfkfhl hfif uadtchafklx/ q lk jlkltco xl ~tfm|hlk ofx mfx }a~fx lk ocicqftéc ml ofx ic}ltacolx+ H|ckmf ocx uadtchafklx xfk ml cttadc bchac cdc`f/ hfif ocx ml oc eaj|tc 4>"d!/ oclr~ckxaøk xltã iãx tlm|hamc s|l h|ckmf xfk ml oc f}tc eftic q lo ic}ltaco }lkmtã iãx tlxax}lkhac co hbfs|l}átiahf+ Lx}c hctch}ltéx}ahc lx ilmadol q xl hfkfhl hfif hfleahalk}l ml maoc}chaøk hcoftéeahf+ Cbftc qc ~fmlifxmct |kc lr~oahchaøk co blhbf ml s|l lo uamtaf hfk icqft ~tf~fthaøk ml xéoahl xlc iãx tlxax}lk}l co hbfs|l }átiahf+Oc xéoahl }alkml c ick}lklt x|x mailkxafklx h|ckmf xl hcoalk}c+ Lx}ã efticmc ~ft |k ã}fif ml fréjlkf lk}tl mfxã}fifx ml xaoahaf/ q oc icqft ~ct}l ml x|x uadtchafklx xfk hfif ocx ml oc eaj|tc 4>"d!/ ifualkmf co ã}fif mlfréjlkf ml ocmf c ocmf+ Oc max}ckhac lk}tl ocx ifoáh|ocx ml xéoahl lx x|eahalk}l ~ctc chfifmct lx}l ifuaialk}f q~ft lx}c tcpøk oc max}ckhac lk}tl ofx ã}fifx ml xaoahaf htlhl i|q ~fhf h|ckmf xl c|ilk}c oc }li~ltc}|tc/ oclr~ckxaøk lx ~ls|lóc q/ ~ft of }ck}f/ oc tlxax}lkhac co hbfs|l }átiahf lx jtckml+ H|ckmf xl cócmlk f}tfx lolilk}fx/hfif lk oc eaj|tc 4>"h!/ xl tfi~l lo ~|lk}l Xa)F)Xa/ q lk}fkhlx ~|lmlk ~tlmfiakct uadtchafklx hfif oc ml oceaj|tc 4>"c!+ Xa lx}f ~cxc/ lo ic}ltaco }alkl s|l lr~ckmatxl ~ctc ~fmlt ifultxl ofkja}|makcoilk}l/ c|ilk}ckmf hfk

lx}f oc ~tfdcdaoamcm ml |k hbfs|l }átiahf+ Xak ai~ft}ct h|ão xlc oc hfi~fxahaøk mlo uamtaf ml s|l xl }tc}l/ x|tlxax}lkhac co hbfs|l }átiahf xali~tl xltã icqft ialk}tcx iãx hck}amcm ml xéoahl }lkjc+

LO UAMTAF ML ^OFIF

Lo xaj|alk}l }a~f ml uamtaf s|l c~ctlhl lk oc }cdoc lx lo ml ~ofif/ lk lo h|co xl x|x}a}|ql lo øramf ml hcohaf ~ftøramf ml ~ofif+ Lx aj|co ml }tckx~ctlk}l s|l lo uamtaf xømahf)hãohahf/ ~ltf i|hbf iãx mlkxf/ hfk of h|co }alklicqft ~fmlt ml tletchhaøk q ml max~ltxaøk+ Xl ~|lml }tcdc`ct il`ft s|l cs|áo ~fts|l e|kml c }li~ltc}|tcx iãxdc`cx+ X| hfleahalk}l ml maoc}chaøk hcoftéeahc lx i|q lolucmf/ of h|co s|altl mlhat s|l xl lr~ckml i|hbf h|ckmf xlc|ilk}c oc }li~ltc}|tc q ~ft of }ck}f kf }alkl jtck tlxax}lkhac co hbfs|l }átiahf+ ^fxll lrhlolk}lx ~tf~almcmlxcaxock}lx/ s|l xl c~tfulhbck h|ckmf xl li~olc lk oc hfkx}t|hhaøk ml ofx tcmctlx q lk lo tcmaf+ Cdxftdlhfkxamltcdolilk}l ofx tcqfx |o}tcuafol}cx q ofx tcqfx R/ q ~ft lxf xl |}aoapc lk eftic ml oãiakcx ~ctc ulk}ckcx f



lxh|mfx ~tf}lh}ftlx+

Lx |k uamtaf dockmf c dc`c }li~ltc}|tc s|l ~lticklhl hfk halt}c ~ocx}ahamcm lk |k tckjf ml }li~ltc}|tc/ of h|co~ltia}l }tcdc`ctof q jtcdctof hfk echaoamcm+ Ocx ~alpcx mlo ic}ltaco hfkfhamf hfif htax}co hft}cmf lx}ãk blhbcx hfklx}l uamtaf+ Cxaiaxif/ xl |}aoapc lk oc locdftchaøk ml uamtafx ø~}ahfx/ ~ctc of h|co xl cócml øramf ml ock}ckf q }fkf+Lx}fx uamtafx max~ltxck oc o|p ml }fmfx ofx hfoftlx+ Xfk lrhlolk}lx olk}lx ~ctc hãictcx ef}fjtãeahcx ~fts|l hfk |kchfttlhhaøk iékaic mck o|p ml }fmfx ofx hfoftlx q oc lkefhck ml ickltc |kaeftil lk lo ~ockf ml oc ~loéh|oc+ Xa kfe|ltc cxé/ |kfx hfoftlx xltéck iãx ak}lkxfx s|l f}tfx lk |kc ef}fjtceéc/ q kf xl ofjtctéck aiãjlklx }ck tlcolx+

Xa kfx ea`cifx lk oc }cdoc AA+3/ ulifx s|l lo uamtaf ml ~ofif }cidaák }alkl |kc ~tf~fthaøk ml ~f}cxaf+ Lo ~f}cxaf

bchl s|l lo ic}ltaco xlc iãx s|ldtcmapf/ ~ltf lo ~ofif tlx|loul lo ~tfdolic+ Lx}l }a~f ml uamtaf/ hfk lx}cx~tf~almcmlx }ck ~lh|oactlx/ e|l akulk}cmf h|ckmf xl }tc}cdc ml tlxfoult lo ~tfdolic ml oc etcjaoamcm mlo uamtaf hfk~f}cxaf+ Hfif }l ~fmtãx aicjakct/ lx iãx hctf s|l lo ck}ltaft+

LO UAMTAF ML DFTFXAOAHC]F

Kchaø lk 3134+ Mlx~|áx ml oc xéoahl/ x| ~takha~co hfi~fklk}l lx lo øramf ml dftf+ Lx ~tãh}ahcilk}l aklt}l/ iãxmaeéhao ml e|kmat q ml }tcdc`ct+ Ofx ã}fifx ml dftf xl akhft~ftck c oc lx}t|h}|tc hfif Xa)F)D/ q x| eftic ml uadtctlx hfif oc s|l xl ~tlxlk}c lk oc eaj|tc 4> "d!+ ]alkl co}c tlxax}lkhac c hcidafx dt|xhfx ml }li~ltc}|tc/ ~ltf kf }ckco}c hfif oc mlo uamtaf ml xéoahl ~|tf/ ~|lx c|k h|ckmf ~tlxlk}c lo iaxif }a~f ml uadtchaøk/ oc ofkja}|m ml ofxlkochlx uctéc iãx h|ckmf lx}ã ~tlxlk}l lo dftf q lo ic}ltaco }alkl |k hfleahalk}l ml maoc}chaøk icqft+ Lo ucoft mllx}l hfleahalk}l lx >+>>>>>< hlk}éil}tfx ~ft jtcmf hlk}éjtcmf+ Lx}f s|altl mlhat s|l ~ft hcmc jtcmf hlk}éjtcmf s|l

c|ilk}c oc }li~ltc}|tc/ lo uamtaf xl cjtckmc >+>>>>>< hlk}éil}tfx+ I|q ~fhf/ ¶ultmcm6 ^ft lxf xl |}aoapc lk oclocdftchaøk ml |}lkxaoafx ml hfhakc ~ctc lo bftkf q ml ic}ltaco ml ocdftc}ftaf/ ~|lx lx i|q tlxax}lk}l co hcoft q c ofxhcidafx dt|xhfx ml }li~ltc}|tc+ Lx}fx fd`l}fx kf xl bchlk ml uamtaf ml xéoahl ~|tf ~fts|l x| ick|ech}|tc lxhfi~oahcmc/ qc s|l }alklk s|l cohckpct }li~ltc}|tcx ml 35<>°H ~ctc bchltof+

LO UAMTAF ML XÉOAHL

Efticmf hfk 15, ml xéoahl lx lo iãx m|tf q lo iãx maeahao ml }tcdc`ct/ ~|lx lx klhlxctaf li~olct |kc hfx}fxc}áhkahc co uchéf ~ctc fd}lklt |k ~tfm|h}f ~ctc |xfx lx~lhacolx/ s|l }tckxia}l lkltjéc tcmack}l mlo |o}tcuafol}c q mloaketcttf`f hfk oc ilkft ~átmamc ml lkltjéc+ ]cidaák lrax}l f}tc kfulmfxc }áhkahc lk h|qc ~tailtc l}c~c xl |}aoapcuamtaf ml dftfxaoahc}f s|l xl e|kml q xl eftic/ ~ltf hfk mailkxafklx icqftlx c ocx s|l xl mlxlc s|l }lkjc lo~tfm|h}f eakco+ Lx}l ct}éh|of xl xfil}l mlx~|áx c |k }tc}cialk}f }átiahf/ hfk of h|co xl }tckxeftic lk mfx ecxlx

ué}tlcx lk}tlilphocmcx/ lx mlhat/ lk mfx }a~fx ml uamtafx maeltlk}lx lk}tlil}amfx |kf lk lo f}tf+ \kf ml loofx lx tahflk ãohcoa q øramf ml dftf/ cmliãx ml xlt xfo|dol lk ãhamfx e|lt}lx "hoftbémtahf q eo|ftbémtahf! hcoalk}lx+ Lo f}tfhfk}alkl 15, ml xéoahl/ 8, ml øramf ml dftf q kf lx xfo|dol+ Lx}c ðo}aic lx oc hfi~fxahaøk eakco mlo uamtaf mlxéoahl+

Lk oc xlj|kmc l}c~c ml ecdtahchaøk lo ct}éh|of xl x|iltjl lk |k ãhamf hcoalk}l/ ~ctc mao|at q s|a}ct oc ecxl xfo|dol+Lo uamtaf s|l }alkl jtckmlx hck}amcmlx ml xéoahl/ q s|l kf xl max|loul/ eftic |kc lx}t|h}|tc hfk ~ls|lófx cj|`ltfx/oocicmfx ~ftfx+ ^fx}ltaftilk}l xl ocuc lo uamtaf ~ctc loaiakct lo ãhamf døtahf q ocx xcolx s|l xl eftick/hfkho|qlkmf hfk |k xlhcmf+

Lk oc }lthltc q ðo}aic l}c~c lo ct}éh|of xl hcoalk}c c 3 4>>° H/ q xl fdxltuc |kc hfk}tchhaøk ml c~tfraicmcilk}l3=,+ Lx}f s|altl mlhat s|l x| }cicóf maxiak|ql lk lxl ~fthlk}c`l+ Ofx ~ftfx mlxc~ctlhlk+ X| lx}t|h}|tc xl

hfkxfoamc xak s|l xl ~tfm|phc kakj|kc mleftichaøk+ Ofx jcxlx hfk}lkamfx lk lo ak}ltaft xfk mlxftdamfx q lo uamtafcms|altl |kc c~ctalkhac ~ltelh}cilk}l }tckx~ctlk}l q bltiá}ahc+

Ofx uamtafx s|l hfk}alklk 15, ml xéoahl }alklk |kc lx}cdaoamcm }ck jtckml q |kc }li~ltc}|tc ml tldockmlhaialk}f}ck lolucmc "3 <>>°H! s|l xf~ft}ck }li~ltc}|tcx bcx}c ml 1>>°H m|tck}l octjf }ali~f+ C }li~ltc}|tcx iãx co}cxs|l áx}cx ~|lml ~tfm|hatxl |kc mlxua}taeahchaøk q oc x|~lteahal xl ul }|tdac+ ^ft }fmcx lx}cx ~tf~almcmlx xl |}aoapcklk oc ecdtahchaøk ml ic}ltaco ml ocdftc}ftaf/ s|l tls|altl |kc tlxax}lkhac lrhl~hafkco co hcoft/ hfif x|hlml hfk ofxhtaxfolx/ ofx }|dfx ml ~tf}lhhaøk ~ctc }ltif~ctlx/ ofx tlulx}aialk}fx ml bftkfx/ ocx oãi~ctcx jltiahamcx q ofx eao}tfx|o}tcuafol}cx "eaj|tc 43!+



Eaj|tc 43+ Tl~tlxlk}chaøk lxs|liã}ahc ml |k ifkfhtficmft ml |k lx~lh}tfef}øil}tf aketcttf`f+

Oc xéoahl lx |k ic}ltaco loãx}ahf hcxa ~ltelh}f+ H|ckmf xl mleftic mldamf c |kc e|ltpc lr}ltkc/ tã~amcilk}l tljtlxcc x| eftic ftajakco+ Kf ~altml x| lx}t|h}|tc s|éiahc ka xas|altc hfk lo hcoft/ tcpøk ~ft oc h|co lx}l }a~f ml uamtaf lxlo iãx hf}apcmf+

HØIF MCTOL HFOFT CO UAMTAF

Ofx h|c}tf }a~fx ml uamtaf s|éiahcilk}l maeltlk}lx s|l blifx mlxhta}f ~|lmlk cms|atat hfoft eãhaoilk}l xa xl olxcócmlk ai~|tlpcx ml il}colx ml }tckxahaøk c ocx ilphocx |}aoapcmcx+ Lx}f kf celh}c kakj|kc ml ocx mliãx~tf~almcmlx+ Lk oc ck}ajÿlmcm/ lo uamtaf lx}cdc aklua}cdolilk}l hfoftlcmf ~ft ocx ai~|tlpcx s|l ml ickltc kc}|tcohfk}alklk ocx cthaoocx q ~ft oc hfk}ciakchaøk lk ofx htaxfolx ml e|xaøk+ Lo ~tailt uamtaf tloc}aucilk}l akhfoftf xlfd}|uf c ~takha~afx ml oc ltc htax}ackc/ lk Tfic/ ~ltf lo ~tailtf s|l tlcoilk}l kf }|uf hfoft kf xl ofjtø xakf bcx}clo xajof R lk Ulklhac+

Ocx akulx}ajchafklx lk ofx ðo}aifx <> cófx chlthc ml høif hfoftlct lo uamtaf bck xamf i|q ai~ft}ck}lx/ qc s|l kfxl bck ~ltxlj|amf xøof eaklx ct}éx}ahfx q ftkcilk}colx/ xakf }cidaák halk}éeahfx/ hfif ~ft l`li~of/ oc locdftchaøk

ml eao}tfx q olk}lx ml hfoft ~ctc ofx xax}licx ml xlócolx ml }tckx~ft}lx/ s|l lrajlk |k hfk}tfo i|q taj|tfxf ml oc}tckxiaxaøk ml oc o|p c }tcuáx mlo uamtaf lk }fmf lo lx~lh}tf+

Lrax}lk ~takha~coilk}l }tlx efticx ml mctol hfoft co uamtaf+ \kc lx ~ft ilmaf ml ofx hfoftlx ml xfo|haøk/ mfkml lohfoft xl ~tfm|hl ~fts|l lo øramf il}ãoahf ~tlxlk}l cdxftdl oc o|p ml oc tljaøk uaxadol mlo lx~lh}tf/ q ml`c ~cxct ocs|l hfttlx~fkml c coj|kfx hfoftlx/ s|l xfk ofx s|l xl ulk+ Ml lx}c eftic lo hfdtl cdxftdl oc o|p hfk ofkja}|mlx mlfkmc s|l ~lt}lklhlk c }fmfx ofx hfoftlx/ ilkfx oc uakh|ocmc co hfoft tf`f t|dé/ h|ckmf lx}ã lk lx}cmf ml framchaøk'3/ f co ultml/ h|ckmf x| lx}cmf ml framchaøk lx '4+ ^ft lxf |k uamtaf s|l hfk}lkjc H|'3 xl ultã tf`f t|dé/ q hfkH|'4 xltã ultml+ Lo hfdco}f xali~tl cdxftdl oc o|p hfk }fmcx ocx ofkja}|mlx ml fkmc ilkfx oc s|l ~tfm|hl lo hfoftcp|o/ q cxé/ ml oc iaxic ickltc/ lo uckcmaf/ lo ickjcklxf/ lo }a}ckaf/ lo htfif/ lo balttf q lo kés|lo ~tfm|hlk x|x~tf~afx hfoftlx+ Lk oc eaj|tc 44 c! q d!/ xl ofhcoapck lk |k ic~c ml oc Tl~ðdoahc ilrahckc ofx maeltlk}lxqchaialk}fx ml lx}fx il}colx+



Eaj|tc 44+ c! \dahchaøk ml il}colx lk oc Tl~ðdoahc Ilrahckc+



Eaj|tc 44+ d! \dahchaøk lk oc Tl~ðdoahc Ilrahckc ml il}colx s|l mck hfoftchaøk co uamtaf+

Oc xlj|kmc eftic ml mctol hfoft lx ~ft ilmaf ml |kc max~ltxaøk hfofamco+ Lx}c hfkxax}l lk ~ct}éh|ocxx|diahtfxhø~ahcx x|x~lkmamcx lk lo uamtaf/ s|l tleolh}ck f max~ltxck xlolh}aucilk}l ofx tcqfx ml o|p ml |k hfoft+^ft l`li~of/ lo xlolkaf hfidakcmf hfk x|oe|tf ml hcmiaf ~tfm|hl ~ct}éh|ocx lk lo uamtaf s|l max~ltxck }fmc oc o|p/ilkfx oc ml hfoft tf`f+ Cs|é lo hfoft ml~lkml ml oc hfkhlk}tchaøk q lo }cicóf ml ocx ~ct}éh|ocx/ kf }ck}f mlololilk}f ~ft lo s|l lx}ãk efticmcx+ Lo hfoft t|dé xl ~|lml ~tfm|hat hfk ftf q hfdtl lk x| lx}cmf lolilk}co/ f ~ftxlolka|tfx q x|oe|tfx lk xfo|haøk+

H|ckmf lo hfdtl xl hcoalk}c hfk oc xéoahl c }li~ltc}|tcx i|q co}cx xl ml~fxa}c lk eftic ml lxhcicx q ~tfm|hl}cidaák lo hfoft t|dé/ ~ltf cbftc ~ft ilmaf ml ~ct}éh|ocx ichtfxhø~ahcx/ s|l lx oc }lthltc eftic ml mctol hfoft couamtaf+ Hfk lx}c iaxic }áhkahc xl ~|lml ~tfm|hat lo uamtaf f~chf/ ~fts|l ocx lxhcicx s|l xl eftick mlk}tf~tfufhck s|l oc o|p xl maetch}l lk lo ak}ltaft mlo uamtaf/ s|a}ãkmfol }tckx~ctlkhac+ ]cidaák xl eftic |k }a~f mluamtaf cocdcx}tf/ s|l lx hfif |k iãtifo }tckxoðhamf/ jlkltcoilk}l hfk uaxfx ml hfoftlx+ Ocx lx}t|h}|tcx ak}ltkcxs|l xl eftick ~ctc ~tfm|hat lx}fx lelh}fx xfk ~fhf hfkfhamcx/ ~ltf lx}f kf ai~aml s|l xl |}aoahlk lk c~ctc}fx mlco|idtcmf ml o|p mae|xc q lk ct}éh|ofx ml ftkc}f+

Xljðk tlpc lo ~tfultdaf0 $Lk lx}l i|kmf }tcamft kcmc lx ultmcm/ kcmc lx ilk}atc/ }fmf lx xljðk lo hfoft mlo htax}cohfk s|l xl iatc$/ ~ltf/ ¶s|á ol ~cxc c oc o|p h|ckmf c}tcualxc |k uamtaf tf`f6 Oc o|p s|l ulifx xcoat lx mlo iaxifhfoft s|l lo uamtaf/ ~ltf ¶~ft s|á6 ]fmfx xcdlifx s|l oc o|p dockhc lx}ã efticmc ~ft }fmfx ofx hfoftlx mlo cthfatax+¶Møkml s|lmctfk ofx f}tfx hfoftlx lk oc o|p s|l c}tculxø lo uamtaf6 C|ks|l kf of htlcx/ xl s|lmctfk lk áo+ Lo uamtaftf`f cdxftdl }fmfx ofx hfoftlx q xøof ml`c ~cxct co tf`f+ Lk hcidaf xa ickmcx |k tcqf ml o|p dockhc c }tcuáx ml |kuamtaf }tckx~ctlk}l ml x|eahalk}l lx~lxft/ of s|l fdxltuctãx lx oc xl~ctchaøk ml }fmfx ofx hfoftlx mlo cthfatax+ Hfif~|lmlx ult/ lo uamtaf }alkl ~tf~almcmlx ml max~ltxaøk ø~}ahc i|q lx~lhacolx/ ¶kf htllx6



Hcmc }a~f ml uamtaf s|l lkhfk}tcifx c k|lx}tf ~cxf lx lo ~tfm|h}f ml |kc hfi~fxahaøk ml}ltiakcmc q ml oc efticlk s|l áx}c e|l }tcdc`cmc+ C ~lxct ml s|l ofx tlch}aufx ~takha~colx ml ofx maultxfx uamtafx lx}ãk/ hfif qc uaifx/ lkoc }cdoc AA+3/ xl ~|lmlk fd}lklt uamtafx ml maeltlk}lx hctch}ltéx}ahcx ickl`ckmf oc }li~ltc}|tc/ lo }ali~f ml lketacmfq }fmcx ocx uctack}lx s|l lrax}lk cotlmlmft ml oc ick|ech}|tc mlo uamtaf+ \kc xlj|kmc hocxaeahchaøk xl dcxc lk x|e|khaøk iãx s|l lk x| hfi~fxahaøk+ Ml lx}c eftic ~fmlifx }lklt ofx xaj|alk}lx l`li~octlx+

LO UAMTAF ML XLJ\TAMCM

¶^ft s|á lx maeltlk}l h|ckmf xl tfi~l lo uamtaf ml oc ulk}ckc ml |kc hcxc s|l h|ckmf xl tfi~l lo ml |k hfhbl6

¶^ft s|á lo ml oc hcxc xl tfi~l hfif |k ucxf q lo f}tf kf6 ¶S|á lx of s|l bchl s|l lo mlo hfhbl s|lml blhbf~lmcha}fx6 Akm|mcdolilk}l/ oc tlx~|lx}c lx}ã lk oc eftic lk s|l xl ecdtahø hcmc |kf ml loofx+ Lo uamtaf s|l xl|}aoapc lk ofx hfhblx lx ml xlj|tamcm/ q lua}c s|l lk |k chhamlk}l xl hfttck icqftlx talxjfx h|ckmf ooljc ctfi~ltxl+

^ctc locdftct |k uamtaf ml xlj|tamcm lx klhlxctaf loljat ~ochcx s|l kf }lkjck max}ftxafklx/ ~ljctocx/ hft}ctocx qcj|`ltctocx bcx}c s|l }lkjck oc eftic mlxlcmc+ ^ctc locdftct lo uamtaf ml xlj|tamcm xai~ol/ hfkfhamf hfk lo kfidtlml Xlh|ta}q/ lx}cx ~ochcx xl }alklk s|l il}lt co bftkf ~ctc hcolk}ctocx c halt}c }li~ltc}|tc q mlx~|áx lketactocx hfkcatl/ ~tfhlxf s|l xl hfkfhl hfif }li~ocmf+ Lx}f ~tfufhc |kc xltal ml }lkxafklx/ qc s|l oc x|~lteahal s|lmcxfil}amc c e|ltpcx ml hfi~tlxaøk/ ialk}tcx s|l lk lo hlk}tf lrax}lk e|ltpcx ml }lkxaøk+ Lk lo ak}ltaft mlo uamtaf/mfkml ocx e|ltpcx ml }lkxaøk xl akhtlilk}ck ~ft lo }li~ocmf/ oc e|ltpc mlo ic}ltaco lx hcxa aoaia}cmc ~fts|l lx}ã~tãh}ahcilk}l oadtl ml ai~ltelhhafklx+ Lx}f xl mldl c s|l ofx lkochlx lk}tl ofx ã}fifx }alklk oc iaxic e|ltpc q ~ft

of }ck}f maxiak|qlk bcx}c |k iékaif ocx }lkxafklx ak}ltkcx+ Kakjðk ã}fif `coc iãx s|l lo f}tf/ q lx}f ol mc |kceft}colpc cmahafkco+ ]cidaák xl x|lol ~fklt |kc ~ochc ml ~oãx}ahf }tckx~ctlk}l lk}tl mfx oãiakcx ml uamtaf/ of h|co/cmliãx ml bchltof iãx tlxax}lk}l/ of bchl iãx xlj|tf/ ~fts|l co tfi~ltxl xl etchhafkctã lk k|iltfxfx }tfpfx~ls|lófx/ xak ~tfm|hat cx}aoocx/ lua}ckmf hfk lx}f s|l s|lmlk ~lmcpfx ml uamtaf hft}ck}lx+

Ofx hfkfhamfx uamtafx ck}adcocx/ fetlhlk xlj|tamcm hfk}tc cxco}fx f c}cs|lx }lttftax}cx+ Ck}lx ml oc c~ctahaøk ml ocxcticx ml e|ljf/ lo doakmc`l bcda}|co ml ofx hfidc}alk}lx ltck lo hcxhf/ oc cticm|tc q lo lxh|mf/ ~ltf xl ufoualtfkakð}aolx ck}l ocx dcocx+ E|l lk}fkhlx s|l c~ctlhaø |k doakmc`l iãx hfi~oahcmf s|l }lkéc co uamtaf hfif oc dcxl ml x|~tf}lhhaøk+ S|apã }l tlx|o}l maeéhao aicjakct s|l lk ultmcm lrax}l |k uamtaf }ck tlxax}lk}l s|l xf~ft}l lo ai~ch}f mlocx dcocx/ ~ltf xé lrax}l+ Xl hfkfhl hfk lo kfidtl ml uamtaf ml xlj|tamcm hfidakcmf/ q lx}ã efticmf ~ft mfx f iãx~ochcx lk}tl ocx s|l xl hfofhck oãiakcx ml ~oãx}ahf/ s|l ch}ðck hfif ~ockhbcx ml |kaøk+ ]fmcx ocx hc~cx ~tlkxcmcxxl ~cxck c |k c|}fhocul/ xfil}aákmfocx c co}cx ~tlxafklx q }li~ltc}|tcx+ Cxé xl eftic |kc |kamcm ml lolucmc

tlxax}lkhac s|l kf ~altml x| }tckx~ctlkhac/ q s|l lk lelh}f lx c ~t|ldc ml dcocx+ Lk jlkltco xfk uamtafx i|qjt|lxfx+ Hcmc hc~c ak}ltilmac }alkl cotlmlmft ml >+=> ii ml lx~lxft/ q ~|lml }lklt i|hbcx+ C ulhlx xl ol ~fkl|kc }tcic ml cocidtl/ s|l cmliãx ml mctol eft}colpc cmahafkco ol mc |k lelh}f mlhftc}auf i|q eakf/ s|l tlx|o}c ð}aol ak}ltlxck}l lk lo chtax}cocmf ml ~|lt}cx/ hfif xl ul lk oc eaj|tc 48+

Eaj|tc 48+ Uamtaf Xlh|ta}q ~ctc ~|lt}cx q ulk}ckcx+

Lk 313= c~ctlhaø lo ~tailt uamtaf doakmcmf ~ctc coj|kfx c|}fiøuaolx+ Lx}cdc ecdtahcmf hfk ~ockhbcx ml chltf q



uamtafx/ s|l efticdck mfx hc~cx hfk |kc tlm ml chltf lk lo hlk}tf+ Lk 314> xl ecdtahctfk hfk ic}ltacolx hcmc ulpiãx tlxax}lk}lx q hfk maxlófx q lx~lxftlx cmlh|cmfx/ q li~lpctfk c |xctxl }cidaák lk ofx dckhfx+ Ocx hfkmahafklxs|l mldlk tl|kat ofx uamtafx doakmcmfx xfk0 lx}cdaoamcm q m|tchaøk/ tlxax}lkhac ilhãkahc q s|éiahc c oc chhaøk mlohcoft q ml ocx tcmachafklx/ echaoamcm ml c~oahchaøk q leahchac ml ~tf}lhhaøk ~ctc |k ~lxf q |k ufo|ilk chl~}cdol+Lx}l }a~f ml uamtaf mldl tl|kat i|hbcx hctch}ltéx}ahcx/ ~|lx c|ks|l x| ~takha~co e|khaøk lx ~tf}ljlt/ }cidaák lxmlxlcdol s|l xlc lx}á}ahf/ s|l kfx ~ltia}c ult bchac ce|ltc aj|co s|l |k uamtaf hfiðk/ s|l kf xl mlxbcjc mlx~|áxml lx}ct }tlx cófx co Xfo q s|l xlc of x|eahalk}lilk}l oajltf ~ctc ~fkltof lk |kc ~|lt}c+

LO UAMTAF CAXOCK]L

Lk Iárahf lo hoaic lx x|icilk}l dfkmcmfxf/ ~ft of s|l maeéhaoilk}l ~lkxctécifx lk |k }a~f ml uamtaf ~ctc ocxulk}ckcx s|l cq|mctc c ick}lklt lolucmc oc }li~ltc}|tc ml |kc bcda}chaøk+ ^ltf lk ofx ~céxlx lk ofx s|l oc kalulhcl m|tck}l xlax ilxlx lx}l }a~f ml uamtaf xé lx i|q ai~ft}ck}l ~fts|l cq|mc c maxiak|at oc lkltjéc klhlxctac ~ctchcolk}ct lo o|jct+

Ofx chtax}cocmfx caxock}lx xl ecdtahck ifk}ckmf mfx f iãx ~ochcx xl~ctcmcx lk}tl xé/ ml eftic s|l ofx lx~chafxak}ltilmafx ~lticklphck bltiá}ahcilk}l hlttcmfx q mlxb|iamaeahcmfx ~ctc s|l hfkm|phck of ilkfx ~fxadol lohcoft+ Lk ofx dftmlx mlo uamtaf xl hfofhck kltuafx max}ckhacmftlx xfomcmfx hfk lx}cóf/ hfif xl i|lx}tc lk oc eaj|tc4=+ Ml lx}c eftic }lklifx mfx ~ochcx ml uamtaf s|l kf xl }fhck/ xl~ctcmcx ~ft catl s|l kf ~|lml }tckxia}at lo hcofthfk echaoamcm/ q cxé xl lua}c s|l xl lxhc~l oc lkltjéc+ Co iaxif }ali~f/ |kc ulk}ckc ml lx}l }a~f cift}aj|chfkxamltcdolilk}l ofx t|amfx/ of h|co xali~tl lx |kc ulk}c`c cmahafkco+

Eaj|tc 4=+ Uamtaf caxock}l+

]cidaák ~fmlifx fd}lklt uamtaf s|l xlc |k caxock}l loáh}tahf/ xfdtl }fmf xa of ecdtahcifx hfk uamtafxømahf”hãohahf+ Xfk klhlxctafx ~ctc ecdtahct efhfx/ }|dfx ml tcmaf/ caxock}lx ml oéklcx }loleøkahcx q ml }tckxiaxaøkml lkltjéc+ ^ctc s|l }l mlx |kc amlc ml of lx~lhaco ml lx}l uamtaf/ ~alkxc lk s|l h|ckmf lkhalkmlx |k efhf of s|l

s|altlx lx s|l oc hfttalk}l loáh}tahc xl mata`c bchac lo eaocilk}f q kf xl hfkm|phc ~ft lo uamtaf bchac ce|ltc+ ^ctcls|a~f iãx lx~lhacoapcmf/ hfif ofx }|dfx ml co}f ufo}c`l ~ctc tcqfx R f chloltcmftlx Uck ml Jtccee ml hfttalk}lhfk}ak|c "eaj|tc 4<!/ lo uamtaf }alkl s|l xlt iãx tlxax}lk}l q lk}fkhlx xl |}aoapc lo s|l xl locdftc hfk 15, ml xéoahl+Lo chloltcmft Uck ml Jtccee ml hfttalk}l hfk}ak|c xl |}aoapc ~ctc ifult hfk jtck ulofhamcm ~ct}éh|ocx hfif ofx~tf}fklx+ ^ctc bchltof klhlxa}c jlkltct |kc jtck maeltlkhac ml ~f}lkhaco/ ~ft of h|co ~tlhaxc |kc co}c leahalkhac q |khfk}tfo ml oc lkltjéc+ \k uamtaf caxock}l cq|mc c hfkxlj|at lx}c leahchac+



Eaj|tc 4<+ Lxs|lic mlo chloltcmft Uck ml Jtcee ~ctc lolh}tfklx "Akx}a}|}f ml Eéxahc ml oc \KCI!+

LO UAMTAF MALOÁH]TAHF

C ofx ic}ltacolx s|l ~|lmlk ~foctapctxl lk ~tlxlkhac ml |k hci~f loáh}tahf xl olx hfkfhl hfif maloáh}tahfx+^foctapct s|altl mlhat s|l ocx ifoáh|ocx f ofx ã}fifx xl hfkualt}lk lk ma~fofx/ chfifmckmf }fmcx x|x hctjcxkljc}aucx bchac |k ocmf q ocx ~fxa}aucx bchac f}tf+ Ofx ma~fofx loáh}tahfx xl chfifmck lk oc iaxic matlhhaøk s|l lohci~f loáh}tahf ofhco s|l ofx ~tfm|hl+ Xfk ai~ft}ck}lx ~fts|l |kc ulp efticmfx xfk hc~chlx ml hfkm|hat oc

lolh}tahamcm/ ~ltf ck}lx kf+ \k uamtaf maloáh}tahf xl fd}alkl c ~ct}at ml cthaoocx tahcx lk ~ofif q xl |}aoapc ~ctcecdtahct hak}cx ~ctc ofx hfkmlkxcmftlx lolh}tøkahfx+ Lx}fx ic}ltacolx klhlxa}ck |kc jtck tlxax}lkhac/ ~ft of s|l xlx|lol |}aoapct }cidaák uamtaf ml 15, ml xéoahl q h|ctpf e|kmamf+

LO UAMTAF HFKM\H]FT

^ctc s|l |k uamtaf }lkjc |kc hfkm|h}auamcm loáh}tahc c~tlhacdol/ lk x| locdftchaøk xl }alkl s|l loluct oc}li~ltc}|tc c <>>°H/ f tlh|dtatof hfk |kc ~loéh|oc hfkm|h}ftc ml il}colx/ øramfx cohcoakfx f colchafklx/ lk h|qfhcxf lo s|l hfkm|hl lx lo il}co s|l xl ol ~fkl q kf }ck}f lo uamtaf+

LO UAMTAF ^TF]LH]FT HFK]TC LO XFO

Lx}l uamtaf tleol`c oc o|p mlo Xfo+ Oc hc~c ml tlh|dtaialk}f s|l ooluc akhft~ftcmc/ cmliãx ml tleol`ct ~|lml



~tlxlk}ct maultxcx }fkcoamcmlx ml hfoft/ hfif ~oc}lcmf/ dtfkhl/ ultml f jtax+ Xl hfofhc lk lo lx~chaf ak}ltilmaf qlk oc hc~c ak}ltaft ml oc ~ochc lr}ltkc+ Ml lx}c eftic xl bchl lo uamtaf ~foctapcmf q lo ml }a~f lx~l`f+ Ofx lx~l`fxs|l xl akx}cock lk ocx ulk}ckcx ml ofx lmaeahafx ifmltkfx xfk ~tlhaxcilk}l ~ctc ~tf}ljlt hfk}tc lo Xfo+

Áx}fx xfk coj|kfx l`li~ofx ml ofx uamtafx s|l lrax}lk q ml ocx c~oahchafklx s|l xl olx ~|lmlk mct+ Mlxml o|ljf/ kflx~ltcifx cdcthct }fmfx ofx |xfx ~fts|l áx}fx ml~lkmlk ml oc hc~chamcm aicjakc}auc mlo bfidtl/ s|l lx aoaia}cmc+Xak lidctjf/ htllifx s|l lx |kc i|lx}tc ml }fmf of s|l xl ~|lml bchlt hfk lx}l hc~tahbfxf ic}ltaco+

Lk lo xaj|alk}l hc~é}|of bcdocifx ml ocx ~tf~almcmlx jlkltcolx mlo uamtaf hfif hfi~|lx}f+



AAA+ ^TF^ALMCMLX ML OFX UAMTAFX

JLKLTCOILK]L/ h|ckmf ~lkxcifx lk lo uamtaf kfx aicjakcifx |k xøoamf hfk |kc tajamlp q locx}ahamcmhfi~ctcdolx c ocx mlo chltf/ ~ltf hfk halt}cx ~tf~almcmlx ilhãkahcx s|l oaia}ck x|x c~oahchafklx7 hfif ~ftl`li~of s|l kf }alkl m|h}adaoamcm/ qc s|l kf xl mleftic c }li~ltc}|tc cidalk}l/ q s|l xa }tc}cifx ml hcidact x|eftic c~oahckmf |kc e|ltpc/ of ðkahf s|l ofjtcifx lx s|l xl tfi~c+ Lk tlcoamcm lx |k ic}ltaco m|tf ~ltf etãjao coiaxif }ali~f/ q cojf s|l tle|ltpc lxc mldaoamcm lx oc ~tlxlkhac ml ai~ltelhhafklx x|~lteahacolx/ hfif cx}aoocm|tcx

f tck|tcx+Lo ára}f lk oc ick|ech}|tc mlo uamtaf tcmahc lk hfk}tfoct oc }li~ltc}|tc mlo ~tfhlxf/ ~ctc tlj|oct ocx e|ltpcxak}ltkcx s|l of bchlk s|ldtcmapf+ Lx}cx e|ltpcx ak}ltkcx }cidaák xl c~tfulhbck ~ctc ~tfm|hat uamtaf ml lr}tlicm|tlpc q tlxax}lkhac xa xl li~olc oc }áhkahc mlo }li~ocmf+ ]li~oct |k uamtaf lx xfil}ltof c |k hcolk}cialk}fhfk}tfocmf q mlx~|áx lketactof tã~amcilk}l+ Oc x|~lteahal s|lmc lk |k lx}cmf ~lticklk}l ml hfi~tlxaøk/ ml ifmfs|l ocx e|ltpcx s|l xl c~oas|lk co fd`l}f }lkmtãk s|l ulkhlt ~tailtf ocx }lkxafklx ml hfi~tlkxaøk+ Lo lelh}f mlo}li~ocmf xl ~|lml mlifx}tct hfk ocx hfkfhamcx jf}cx ml ^takhl T|~lt}/ hfif xl ul lk oc eaj|tc 45+ Lk lx}llr~ltailk}f xl ml`ck hclt |kcx jf}cx ml uamtaf e|kmamf lk cj|c etéc+ Cs|loocx jf}cx s|l xfdtluaulk xfk i|qtlxax}lk}lx/ }ck}f/ s|l ~|lmlx jfo~lctécx hfk |k ict}aoof q kf xl tfi~lk/ ~ltf xa mlx~|áx ml jfo~lct |kc ml loocx oc~tlxafkcx oajltcilk}l hfk ofx mlmfx/ oc jf}c lk}ltc lr~of}c lk etcjilk}fx maiak|}fx+ Ml coj|kc ickltc oc ~tlxaøkml ofx mlmfx ch}ðc hfif |kc ai~ltelhhaøk s|l xl ~tf~cjc c }tcuáx ml oc ~alpc lk}ltc lk tlx~|lx}c mlo ai~tlxafkck}l

lxe|ltpf ak}ltkf+

Eaj|tc 45+ Oc jf}c ml T|~lt}+

^ft maultxfx lr~ltailk}fx xl bc hfi~tfdcmf s|l oc }lkxaøk lk |k uamtaf ~|lml xlt ilkft h|ckmf áx}l bc xamf}li~ocmf mlk}tf ml halt}f tckjf ml }li~ltc}|tc+ Lk oc eaj|tc 4: xl i|lx}tc oc }li~ltc}|tc ml }li~ocmf ml |k uamtaf

~qtlr hfk}tc lo }ali~f+ H|ckmf oc }li~ltc}|tc q lo }ali~f xfk dc`fx/ lk oc eaj|tc xl akmahc hfk ~|k}fx/ q h|ckmf}alklk ucoftlx icqftlx/ c~ctlhlk héth|ofx hcmc ulp iãx jtckmlx+ Lx}f s|altl mlhat s|l/ ~ctc lo uamtaf ~qtlr/ h|ckmfoc }li~ltc}|tc ml }li~ocmf lx co}c q lo }ali~f octjf/ oc maeltlkhac lk}tl lo oéia}l x|~ltaft q lo akeltaft lx jtckml+ Looéia}l x|~ltaft lx}ã ml}ltiakcmf ~ft oc }li~ltc}|tc c oc h|co lo uamtaf lx |k oés|amf s|l eo|ql hfk echaoamcm+ Lo



oéia}l akeltaft/ }cidaák oocicmf ~|k}f ml }lkxaøk/ kf lx}ã hfi~ol}cilk}l mleakamf/ c|ks|l of bck mlxhta}f hfif oc}li~ltc}|tc c oc s|l |kc ~alpc ~|lml xlt tã~amcilk}l lketacmc xak s|l }lkjc |kc }lkxaøk ~lticklk}l+ Cxé/ ialk}tcxiãx xl~ctcmfx lx}ák lx}fx oéia}lx lx il`ft/ ~fts|l lo tckjf lk lo s|l ~fmlifx }tcdc`ct lx icqft+

Eaj|tc 4:+ H|tuc ml }li~ocmf ml |k uamtaf ~qtlr+

Oc uaxhfxamcm lk |k uamtaf lx f}tc ~tf~almcm ml ai~ft}ckhac ~tãh}ahc lk }fmcx ocx l}c~cx ml ~tl~ctchaøk ~fts|l mláx}c ml~lkml oc ulofhamcm ml e|xaøk+ ^fmtécifx mleakat oc uaxhfxamcm hfif oc tlxax}lkhac s|l ~tlxlk}c |k oés|amf ceo|at/ ~ltf xa lo uamtaf ~ctlhl |k xøoamf/ ¶~ft s|á ilmaifx x| uaxhfxamcm6 Of bchlifx ~fts|l ofx uamtafx/ lktlcoamcm/ xfk oés|amfx xfdtllketacmfx+ \k oés|amf xfdtllketacmf lx cs|lo s|l ~lticklhl hfif oés|amf c}li~ltc}|tcx iãx dc`cx s|l oc ml xfoamaeahchaøk+ Lx}f xl ofjtc ooluckmf c hcdf lo lketacialk}f lk hfkmahafklxlr}tlicx ml h|amcmf q ~|tlpc+ Oc uaxhfxamcm ml coj|kfx oés|amfx xfdtllketacmfx hfialkpc c c|ilk}ctuafolk}cilk}l c ilmamc s|l oc }li~ltc}|tc maxiak|ql q cohckpck |kc hfkxax}lkhac }co s|l x| lkm|tlhaialk}f ofx

bchl c~ctlhlt hfif xøoamfx/ ~ltf lk tlcoamcm }alklk oc iaxic lx}t|h}|tc c}øiahc s|l |k oés|amf+ Lx}f iaxif olfh|ttl co uamtaf+

\kc eftic ml ml}ltiakct oc uaxhfxamcm lx iamalkmf lo }ali~f s|l }ctmc lk ~cxct |kc hck}amcm ml}ltiakcmc mloés|amf c }tcuáx ml |k }|df ml maãil}tf ~ls|lóf c |kc ~tlxaøk mcmc+ Oc tlxax}lkhac c eo|at xl mldl c oc c}tchhaøklk}tl ocx ifoáh|ocx/ ~ft of s|l lx |kc ilmamc ml x| e|ltpc+ Lk jlkltco/ c ilmamc s|l c|ilk}c oc }li~ltc}|tc/ ocxe|ltpcx ml hfblxaøk lx}ãk iãx akhc~cha}cmcx ~ctc hfi~l}at hfk lo htlhalk}l ifuaialk}f ifolh|oct/ q ~ft of iaxifoc uaxhfxamcm maxiak|ql+

^ctc }lklt |k ic}ltaco hfk halt}c tlxax}lkhac lx klhlxctaf s|l ocx ifoáh|ocx lx}ák |kamcx hfk |kc eatilpctloc}aucilk}l hfkx}ck}l/ of s|l xl }tcm|hl lk }lklt |kc uaxhfxamcm akuctacdol+ Xa ilmaifx lo }ali~f tls|ltamf ~ctcs|l lx}f fh|ttc/ fdxltucifx s|l oc }li~ltc}|tc ml }li~ocmf lx ai~ft}ck}l+ Lk oc eaj|tc 42"c! oc }li~ltc}|tc ml

}li~ocmf lx ilkft s|l lk oc 42"d!/ q of s|l ulifx lx s|l oc ~tailtc }ctmc iãx lk ooljct c xlt |kc oéklc bftapfk}cos|l oc xlj|kmc/ q ~ft of }ck}f klhlxa}c iãx }ali~f ~ctc s|l x| uaxhfxamcm xlc hfkx}ck}l+ ^ft f}tf ocmf/ lx luamlk}ls|l }cidaák uctéc lk e|khaøk ml oc hfi~fxahaøk+ Lk oc eaj|tc 41 hcmc tcqc ml oc jtãeahc tl~tlxlk}c |k ucoftmaeltlk}l ml r lk oc eøti|oc s|éiahc s|l c~ctlhl lk lo ~al ml oc eaj|tc+ Lx kftico s|l co uctact oc hck}amcm ml xfmafq hcohaf hcidalk ocx ~tf~almcmlx mlo uamtaf+ ^ft f}tf ocmf/ ialk}tcx icqft xlc oc ~tf~fthaøk ml øramf ml co|iakaf/icjklxaf f hcohaf hfk tlx~lh}f co øramf ml xfmaf/ icqft xltã oc uaxhfxamcm/ hfif ~|lml ultxl lk oc eaj|tc 8>/mfkml }cidaák xl c~tlhac s|l oc ~tlxlkhac ml øramf ml icjklxaf lx oc s|l c|ilk}c iãx tã~amcilk}l lx}chctch}ltéx}ahc+



Eaj|tc 42+ H|tuc ml uaxhfxamcm ml |k uamtaf }tc}cmf c =::¾ H "c! q c =25¾ "d!+

Eaj|tc 41+ Hcidaf ml oc uaxhfxamcm "lk ~faxlx! ml coj|kfx uamtafx hfk eøti|oc "4” r!Kc4F ” rHcF ”

5XaF4+



Eaj|tc 8>+ Uctachaøk ml oc uaxhfxamcm "lk ~faxlx! c 3 >>>¾H hfk tlx~lh}f c oc hfi~fxahaøk mlo uamtaf+

Mlk}tf ml ocx ~tf~almcmlx }átiahcx ~fmlifx mleakat h|c}tf }li~ltc}|tcx ml tleltlkhac lk e|khaøk ml oc uaxhfxamcmmlo uamtaf+ Lo ~|k}f ml }tcdc`f/ mfkml oc uaxhfxamcm mlo uamtaf hcoalk}l lx of x|eahalk}lilk}l dc`c hfif ~ctc ~fmltmctol eftic |}aoapckmf iá}fmfx ftmakctafx+ Lo ~|k}f ml tldockmlhaialk}f/ }li~ltc}|tc c oc h|co lo uamtaf li~alpc cmleftictxl ml ickltc uaxadol+ Lo ~|k}f ml tlhfhamf/ s|l lx h|ckmf ocx }lkxafklx ak}ltkcx lrax}lk}lx xfkmlxucklhamcx/ q s|l hfttlx~fkml c oc }li~ltc}|tc iãx co}c ml tlhfhamf+ ^ft ðo}aif lo ~|k}f ml mleftichaøk/ mfkmllo uamtaf lx |k xøoamf téjamf q ~|lml lketactxl tã~amcilk}l xak ak}tfm|hat kakjðk }a~f ml }lkxafklx lr}ltkcx+

Oc mlkxamcm/ mleakamc hfif lo tlx|o}cmf ml oc icxc lk}tl lo ufo|ilk/ lx f}tc ~tf~almcm ml ofx uamtafx s|l bc xamfi|q lx}|macmc+ Ml~lkml ml ech}ftlx hfif oc }li~ltc}|tc/ oc ~tlxaøk c oc s|l lx}ã xfil}amf q oc hfi~fxahaøk+ Lk oceaj|tc 83 xl fdxltuc s|l lk |k uamtaf oc mlkxamcm c|ilk}c co akhtlilk}ct oc hfkhlk}tchaøk ml øramf ml hcohaf"HcF! q ml }a}ckaf "]aF4!/ ialk}tcx s|l h|ckmf xl loluc oc hck}amcm ml co|iakc "C34F8! f ml icjklxac "IjF! ocmlkxamcm maxiak|ql+ ^ft f}tf ocmf/ hfi~ctckmf |k uamtaf hfk eøti|oc Kc4F)^dF)XaF4 hfk f}tf s|l hfk}lkjcG4F)^dF)XaF4/ ulifx s|l xl ak}lkxaeahc kf}cdolilk}l oc mlkxamcm h|ckmf lo ~fthlk}c`l ml ^dF lx co}f "eaj|tc84!/ s|l hfk xfmaf "Kc! lx iãx co}c s|l hfk ~f}cxaf "G!/ q s|l h|ckmf ooljck cotlmlmft ml =>, ml hfk}lkamf mløramf ml ~ofif ~tãh}ahcilk}l xl aj|cock+ Lk jlkltco/ oc mlkxamcm ml |k uamtaf uctéc i|q ~fhf xa hcidacifx oc~tlxaøk+



Eaj|tc 83+ Mlkxamcm ml coj|kfx uamtafx ml eøti|oc "4 ” r!Kc4F ” rWIjF/HcF/Co4F8 f ]aF4Y5XaF lk lo

~|k}f ml }li~ocmf+

Eaj|tc 84+ Mlkxamcm ml maeltlk}lx uamtafx ml hfi~fxahaøk0 c! Kc4F ” ^dF” XaF4 q d! G4F ”^dF”XaF4+

H|ckmf |kc ~alpc ml uamtaf lx lx}atcmc ~ft oc chhaøk ml |kc e|ltpc/ ~|lml tljtlxct c x| }cicóf q eftic ftajakco lklo ifilk}f s|l xl loaiakc lo lxe|ltpf s|l of mleftic/ xali~tl s|l kfx ifucifx mlk}tf ml halt}fx oéia}lx ml}li~ltc}|tc+ C lx}c ~tf~almcm xl ol oocic locx}ahamcm q xa mlx~|áx ml loaiakct oc e|ltpc mleftick}l lo ic}ltaco kftlh|~ltc x|x mailkxafklx ftajakcolx/ xl mahl s|l lrhlmaø lo oéia}l loãx}ahf+ Ialk}tcx kf xl cohckhl lxl oéia}l~fmlifx mlhat s|l oc }lkxaøk lx matlh}cilk}l ~tf~fthafkco co lxe|ltpf+ ^ctc hcoh|oct oc mleftichaøk xl |xc |kchfkx}ck}l loãx}ahc/ ml}ltiakcmc lr~ltailk}coilk}l/ oocicmc iøm|of ml Qf|kj/ s|l iaml oc tlochaøk mlo lxe|ltpf mlcoctjcialk}f hfk oc }lkxaøk s|l xl ~tfm|hl+ Ic}liã}ahcilk}l xl lr~tlxc hfif0



Q 9 "E&C!&"l&O!

E 9 "CQ&O!l

g 9 "CQ&O!

mfkml Q lx lo iøm|of ml Qf|kj/ E lx oc e|ltpc c~oahcmc ~ctc ~tfm|hat lo coctjcialk}f/ C lx lo ãtlc/ O lx oc ofkja}|mmlo uamtaf/ l lx lo coctjcialk}f q g lx oc hfkx}ck}l loãx}ahc+

Oc e|ltpc loãx}ahc lk |k uamtaf xl mldl c ocx c}tchhafklx ifolh|octlx mlk}tf mlo ic}ltaco h|ckmf áx}l xl xfoamaeahc+ Xaocx hc~cx ml uamtaf xl xl~ctck oajltcilk}l ~ft oc c~oahchaøk ml |kc e|ltpc mlefticmftc/ ocx e|ltpcx ifolh|octlx xl~fklk lk ch}auamcm ~ctc c}tcltocx c x|x ~fxahafklx ftajakcolx+ ^ltf lk lo oéia}l loãx}ahf ocx e|ltpcx ifolh|octlxml`ck ml xlt }ck lelh}aucx c hc|xc ml ocx ai~ltelhhafklx q ml oc eco}c ml htax}coakamcm mlo ic}ltaco+

Lk oc eaj|tc 88 xl ~tlxlk}c oc uctachaøk mlo iøm|of ml Qf|kj lk |k uamtaf efticmf ~ft 32, ml Kc4F q 24, mlXaF4/ co h|co xl ol cjtljck ~ls|lóéxaicx hck}amcmlx ml maeltlk}lx øramfx il}ãoahfx ~ctc hcidact x| hfi~fxahaøk+Hfk oc akhft~ftchaøk ml øramfx ml xfmaf q ~f}cxaf lo iøm|of ml Qf|kj maxiak|ql/ ialk}tcx s|l hfk øramfx mlicjklxaf/ balttf q hcohaf/ c|ilk}c+ Xak lidctjf/ co cmahafkct øramfx ml dctaf/ co|iakaf/ hakh q ~ofif hcxa~lticklhl hfkx}ck}l+ \k lelh}f maeltlk}l fh|ttl h|ckmf lo øramf lx |k dftc}f "D4F8!/ ~fts|l lk lx}l hcxf loiøm|of ml Qf|kj ~tailtf c|ilk}c bcx}c ooljct c |k iãraif/ q mlx~|áx maxiak|ql ~ft lo lrhlxf ml dftf+ Mlxml lo~|k}f ml uax}c ~tãh}ahf/ oc hfi~fxahaøk amlco ~ctc s|l |k uamtaf }lkjc icqft locx}ahamcm lx hfk xaoahaf/ xfmaf/ hcohafq dftf+



Eaj|tc 88+ Uctachaøk mlo iøm|of ml Qf|kj ~ft cmahaøk ml øramfx lk lo uamtaf s|l hfk}alkl 32, ml Kc4F q

24, ml XaF4+

Hfif xl fdxltuc lk oc eaj|tc 8=/ oc }li~ltc}|tc lx |k ech}ft i|q ai~ft}ck}l mldamf c ofx co}fx ucoftlx mlhfi~tlxadaoamcm q oc tc~amlp hfk oc s|l hcidac/ s|l hfkh|ltmck hfk oc hfkhl~haøk ml oc kc}|tcolpc oés|amc mlolx}cmf ué}tlf+ Oc hfi~tlxadaoamcm lx oc chhaøk ml tlm|hat lo ufo|ilk ml |k ic}ltaco+ Lk ofx xøoamfx q oés|amfx loufo|ilk xl hfi~tail i|q ~fhf ~ft lelh}f ml oc ~tlxaøk+ Lk lo uamtaf x|hlml of iaxif/ ~ltf lx}c ~tf~almcm lxai~ft}ck}l ~fts|l ml looc ml~lkmlk ocx c~oahchafklx s|l xl ol ~|lmck mct+ Lk oc eaj|tc 8= xl c~tlhac s|l ochfi~tlxadaoamcm mlo uamtaf ml Kc q G c|ilk}c oaklcoilk}l hfk oc }li~ltc}|tc/ lo s|l hfk}alkl dftfxaoahc}f ml hakhxali~tl mlhtlhl/ ialk}tcx s|l lo ml xéoahl q lo ~qtlr mlhclk ~ctc ufoult c htlhlt c~tfraicmcilk}l mlx~|áx ml ofx4<>°H+



Eaj|tc 8=+ ^fthlk}c`l ml hfi~tlxadaoamcm ~ft lelh}f ml oc }li~ltc}|tc lk uctafx uamtafx+

Oc tlxax}lkhac s|l fetlhl lo uamtaf co ~fkltof lk hfk}ch}f hfk lo cj|c f hfk cjlk}lx c}ifxeátahfx/ cxé hfif hfkxfo|hafklx ch|fxcx ml ãhamfx/ dcxlx q xcolx/ lx |kc ~tf~almcm ml jtck ai~ft}ckhac oocicmc m|tcdaoamcm s|éiahc/ s|l of bchl }fict ulk}c`c xfdtl f}tf }a~f ml ic}ltacolx/ hfif ofx ~oãx}ahfx/ ~ft l`li~of+ Ofx uamtafx hfi|klx~ctlhlk xlt s|éiahcilk}l aklt}lx/ ~ltf lk tlcoamcm tlchhafkck hfk i|hbcx x|x}ckhacx/ of s|l x|hlml lx s|l ofbchlk olk}cilk}l q ~ft lxf xl ~|lmlk |}aoapct+ H|ckmf xl bcdoc ml co}cx tlxax}lkhac c tlch}aufx s|éiahfx xl s|altlmlhat s|l ~ctc s|l ocx tlchhafklx fh|ttck }alkl s|l ~cxct |k }ali~f i|q octjf/ ~ft of s|l ~tãh}ahcilk}l kftlchhafkck+ Lo uamtaf }alkl |kc tlxax}lkhac lrhlolk}l c ofx ãhamfx/ lrhl~}f co eo|ftbémtahf/ q c ocx xfo|hafklxcohcoakcx etécx+ ^ft lxf lx i|q ð}ao hfif lkucxl ml tlch}aufx s|éiahfx+ ]cidaák lx ~ct}ah|octilk}l cmlh|cmf ~ctc}|dltécx }tckx~ctlk}lx+ ^ft x|~|lx}f s|l }alkl lo jtck akhfkulkalk}l ml x| etcjaoamcm q ml oc ~fhc tlxax}lkhac c ofxhcidafx dt|xhfx ml }li~ltc}|tc/ ~ltf lk lxl hcxf xl ~|lml |xct uamtaf doakmcmf hfk eadtc ml uamtaf ml ~foaáx}lt~ctc lua}ct tf}|tcx/ }lkalkmf cxé oc ulk}c`c ml oc tlxax}lkhac c oc hfttfxaøk mlo uamtaf q oc e|ltpc lx}t|h}|tco mlo chltf+

Ofx tlh|dtaialk}fx ml uamtaf xfk tlxax}lk}lx c }fmcx ocx hfkhlk}tchafklx ml ãhamf hoftbémtahf c }li~ltc}|tcxilkftlx ml 4>>° H7 c }fmcx ocx hfkhlk}tchafklx ml ãhamf ké}tahf bcx}c lo ~|k}f ml ld|ooahaøk7 co ãhamf x|oeðtahfmao|amf bcx}c lo ~|k}f ml ld|ooahaøk q hfkhlk}tcmf bcx}c 8>>° H+ Lrax}l }cidaák |k uamtaf s|l cj|ck}c c ofx ãhamfxhfk tlxax}lkhac il`ftcmc c ocx dcxlx+ Lk oc eaj|tc 8< xl ~tlxlk}c |kc jtãeahc ml oc tlxax}lkhac s|l }alkl |k uamtafhfilthaco c oc chhaøk ml maeltlk}lx ãhamfx q ãohcoax+ Lo ic}ltaco e|l lr~|lx}f c ofx tlch}aufx m|tck}l xlax bftcx+ Mllx}cx jtãeahcx xl mlm|hl s|l lo uamtaf ~qtlr lx lo iãx aklt}l q lo ðkahf s|l kf lx celh}cmf ~ft ocx dcxlx+ Ofx f}tfxuamtafx }alklk hfif eøti|oc s|éiahc jlkltco zKc4F) rHcF)XaF4+ K|lucilk}l/ of s|l hcidac xfk ofx ucoftlx mlz q r/ mckmf max}ak}cx hfi~fxahafklx+ Ialk}tcx iãx jtckml xlc lo ucoft ml z/ iãx Kc

4F }lkmtã q xltã iãx

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Eaj|tc 8<+ Hfi~ctchaøk ml oc chhaøk ml maeltlk}lx xfo|hafklx ãhamcx/ B4F q dãxahcx lk xlax uamtafx+ Ofx

kðiltfx mlo 3 co < xfk xømahf)hãohahfx q lo 5 lx ~qtlr+

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}li~ltc}|tcx/ hfk |kc hfi~fxahaøk ml 23, ml XAF4/ 38, ml D4F8/ 8+5, ml Kc4F/ >+4, ml G4F q 4+4, mlC34F8/ s|l bcx}c oc elhbc kf bc hcidacmf ka bc ~fmamf xlt x|x}a}|amf ~ft f}tf+

Hfk tlx~lh}f c ocx ~tf~almcmlx loáh}tahcx/ oc hfkm|h}auamcm ml |k uamtaf ml~lkml ml x| hfi~fxahaøk/ ml x|}li~ltc}|tc q ml ocx hfkmahafklx c}ifxeátahcx s|l tfmlck co ic}ltaco+ C dc`cx }li~ltc}|tcx ofx uamtafxi|o}ahfi~fklk}lx xfk caxock}lx+ C }fmcx ocx }li~ltc}|tcx xfk hfkm|h}ftlx lolh}tfoé}ahfx/ q ml 4< c 3/4>>°H octlxax}auamcm/ f tlxax}lkhac c hfkm|hat oc lolh}tahamcm/ lx uctacdol+ Oc tlxax}auamcm mlo uamtaf maxiak|ql tã~amcilk}l cilmamc s|l c|ilk}c oc }li~ltc}|tc/ q ~ft hfkxaj|alk}l xl mahl s|l lx |k xliahfkm|h}ft+ Oc hfkm|hhaøk lk lx}lhcxf kf xl mldl c s|l ofx lolh}tfklx xl i|luck/ xakf c afklx s|l liajtck c }tcuáx ml oc tlm ué}tlc+

Lk oc eaj|tc 85 xl fdxltuc s|l co c|ilk}ct oc }li~ltc}|tc c|ilk}c oc hfkm|h}auamcm loáh}tahc/ q c ~lxct ml s|l lxxlil`ck}l lo hfi~ft}cialk}f ml ofx uamtafx s|l c~ctlhlk lk oc eaj|tc/ xl ~|lml ult s|l ofx s|l hfk}alklk dctaf "=!

q ~ofif "<! klhlxa}ck |kc }li~ltc}|tc icqft/ ml 4== q 4=2°H tlx~lh}aucilk}l/ ~ctc hfi~ft}ctxl hfifhfkm|h}ftlx+

Xa kfx tleltaifx c oc hc~chamcm hcoftéeahc mlo uamtaf/ xcdlifx s|l lx i|hbf iãx ~ls|lóc s|l oc ml ofx il}colx/~ltf s|l ~|lml |xctxl hfk ára}f lk halt}cx c~oahchafklx ml }tckxiaxaøk ml hcoft/ hfif lk ofx ifomlx ~ctc hfhakctlk bftkfx hcxltfx+ Oc hfkm|h}auamcm ml maultxfx uamtafx c }li~ltc}|tc cidalk}l uctéc i|hbf/ q ofx ucoftlx iãxco}fx xl lkh|lk}tck lk cs|loofx s|l }alklk |k icqft hfk}lkamf ml xéoahl+



Eaj|tc 85+ Hcidaf ml oc hfkm|h}auamcm loáh}tahc hfk oc }li~ltc}|tc lk uctafx uamtafx+

Ml lx}c eftic s|lmck mlxhta}cx ocx ~tf~almcmlx iãx ai~ft}ck}lx mlo ~tf}cjfkax}c ml k|lx}tf oadtf+ Hfkfhaákmfocxlx ~fxadol s|l }lkjcx |kc amlc iãx hoctc ml ~ft s|á ofx tlch}aufx s|éiahfx xl j|ctmck lk etcxhfx ml uamtaf/ q ml ~fts|á ofx efhfx }cidaák lx}ãk blhbfx hfk lx}l ic}ltaco+



AU+ LO UAMTAF XF^OCMF

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c~tfulhbct ocx e|ltpcx kc}|tcolx/ hfif oc }lkxaøk x|~lteahaco s|l li~|`c c oc icxc ~oãx}ahc ~ctc eftict |kc dfoctlmfkmc/ q oc jtculmcm/ s|l oc mfdoc q oc mleftic+ Lk cidfx hcxfx ofx ~takha~ack}lx }alklk s|l ch|i|oct i|hbcxbftcx ml lr~ltalkhac ~ctc ~fmlt bchltof+ Mahlk ofx s|l xcdlk/ s|l co ic}ltaco e|kmamf bcq s|l xlk}atof ~ctcml}ltiakct xa lx}ã lk ø~}aicx hfkmahafklx ~ctc }tcdc`ctof/ ~ft of h|co ~ctlhl maeéhao ml }tcdc`ct+

\kc ~alpc ml uamtaf e|kmamf ooluc fh|o}f lk looc lo ct}l ml hfidakct ocx f~ltchafklx dãxahcx mlo uamtaf xf~ocmf ~ctceftict kfulmcmlx s|l xøof ml~lkmlk ml oc aicjakchaøk mlo ct}ax}c/ q s|l ðkahcilk}l ~|lmlk fd}lkltxl xa xl xaj|l|kc xlh|lkhac ml f~ltchafklx ~ocklcmcx ml ck}lickf+ Ck}lx ml lkhlkmlt lo e|ljf lx klhlxctaf }lklt ~tlxlk}l }fmcoc x|hlxaøk ml ~cxfx/ xcdalkmf s|l ocx }tckxahafklx cdt|~}cx ml jtfxft ~tfufhck tfi~aialk}fx lx~fk}ãklfx+ ^ftl`li~of/ ulcifx høif xl bchl |kc }l}ltc hfk uamtaf xf~ocmf+ ^tailtf xl eftic |kc ictac/ s|l lx |kc pfkcak}ltilmac etlh|lk}lilk}l tls|ltamc ~ctc bchlt ~alpcx xf~ocmcx+ Xl bchl cdockmckmf oc ~|k}c ml |kc uctaooc mluamtaf q ~tlxafkãkmfoc hfk}tc |kc x|~lteahal ~ockc/ hfif xl ao|x}tc lk oc eaj|tc 8:+ Mlx~|áx ml bchlt oc ictac xl

hcoalk}c q xl xf~oc hfif lk oc eaj|tc 82"d!+ Xl mlx~tlkml q xl bchl lo cxc ml oc }l}ltc c ~ct}at mlo d|odf hcoalk}l"eaj|tc 82"m!! q xl hcoalk}c lo cxc ~ctc mctol oc eftic eakco "eaj|tc 82"l!!+ Lo ~ahf xl bchl aj|co s|l lo cxc "eaj|tc82"e!!+ Mlx~|áx xl hcoalk}c lo efkmf q xl c~ockc hfk}tc |kc x|~lteahal "eaj|tcx 82"j! q 82"b!! s|l kf xlc ml hctdøk/~fts|l áx}l lketéc co uamtaf tã~amcilk}l q ~tfufhc e|ltpcx ak}ltkcx s|l of tfi~lk+ Xl xfx}alkl oc }l}ltc ~ctc eftictoc }c~c hfif lk ocx eaj|tcx 82"a!/ "`!/ "g!/ q £oax}c#/ oc tlhfhlifx ~ctc }ltiakct+

Eaj|tc 8:+ Eftic ml bchlt |kc ictac+



S|apã ~ctlphc xlkhaoof lk |k mad|`f/ ~ltf cbé kf xl ~|lmlk ult ocx hfi~oahchafklx s|l c~ctlhlk/ ~ft l`li~of/ lk lo~cxf s|l ao|x}tc oc eaj|tc 82 "a!+ Oc maeah|o}cm lx}ã lk s|l lo catl c}tc~cmf mlk}tf mlo d|odf xl s|lmc cbé h|ckmf ocuctaooc xl mlx~tlkml+ H|ckmf lo jcx xl lketéc/ x| ~tlxaøk dc`c q xl htlc |k uchéf ~cthaco mlk}tf ml oc }l}ltc+ Xa loic}ltaco lx}ã cðk dockmf/ lx}l uchéf ~tfufhctã s|l xl hfoc~xl/ ~fts|l oc ~tlxaøk lr}ltkc lx icqft s|l oc ak}ltkc qli~|`c c ocx ~ctlmlx bchac cmlk}tf+ ^ft f}tf ocmf/ xa xl hcoalk}c i|hbf lo catl c}tc~cmf oc ~tlxaøk ak}ltkc c|ilk}c/q lo d|odf xl akeoc+ Oc xfo|haøk lx s|a}ct oc uctaooc l akilmac}cilk}l mlx~|áx hfofhct lo jofdf `|x}f cttadc mlo e|ljfq uajaoctof+ Xa xl li~alpc c mlxakeoct/ bcq s|l chlthctof co e|ljf7 xa xl akeoc/ bcq s|l col`ctof mlo hcoft+ Lk coj|kfxxlj|kmfx lo uamtaf lx}ctã xøoamf q lo ~tfdolic tlx|lo}f+

Eaj|tc 82+ ]l}ltc xf~ocmc+

Cbftc ulcifx høif xl bchl |kc hf~c ml dtckmq+ ^tailtf xl klhlxa}c |k }|df lo h|co xl lx}atc ~ctc eftict |kc ~ct}lxøoamc co hlk}tf "eaj|tc 81 "d!!/ s|l xltã lo h|loof ml oc hf~c+ Ml lx}c eftic kfx s|lmck mfx pfkcx mlo }|dfxl~ctcmcx/ s|l ~fmlifx xf~oct ~ctc eftict oc dcxl "eaj|tc 81"j!/ "b!/ "a!!/ q lo h|lt~f ml oc hf~c "eaj|tc 81"g!/ "3!/



"i!/ "k!!+ Lx}c ~alpc lx iãx xlkhaooc ~fts|l co xlt cdalt}c kf }alkl lo ~tfdolic s|l fhcxafkc lo catl c}tc~cmf+

Eaj|tc 81+ Hf~c ml dtckmq xf~ocmc+

I|hbfx ml ofx |}lkxaoafx s|l xl |}aoapck lk ofx ocdftc}ftafx ml akulx}ajchaøk xl bchlk hfk uamtaf xf~ocmf+ ]cidaákxl ~|lmlk bchlt ~alpcx mlhftcmcx hfk hfoftlx/ hfif oc ml oc eaj|tc =>+



Eaj|tc =>+ @cttøk ml uamtaf xf~ocmf+

Lrax}lk eãdtahcx ml uamtaf xf~ocmf/ lk mfkml of hfkualt}lk lk h|cos|alt ~tfm|h}f hfilthacoilk}l hfkfhamf+ Ml lx}cickltc }lklifx |kc eck}cxéc ml efticx s|l hfk}akðc xak oéia}lx hfk lo lkhck}f ml lx}l ic}ltaco/ q s|l ~|lmlhfkelhhafkct fd`l}fx |}aoapcdolx f hfkx}t|at ~alpcx ct}éx}ahcx+ ^ft lxf xl mahl s|l lo uamtaf lx |kc x|x}ckhac s|lfh|~c |k o|jct kld|ofxf lk}tl lo ct}l q oc |}aoamcm+ Hfif ofx fd`l}fx ml |xf hfiðk ofx ickl`cifx }fmfx ofx mécx/ chfk}ak|chaøk maxet|}lifx q hfkfphcifx |k ~fhf iãx lo cx~lh}f ct}éx}ahf mlo uamtaf+



U+ LO UAMTAF LK LO CT]L

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ua}tcolx+ Akho|xf ocx mfx ct}lx kf xl ~tch}ahck lk lo iaxif o|jct jlfjtãeahf+ Ofx ct}ax}cx uamtaltfx xl xa}ðck hlthc mlofx dfxs|lx/ ml mfkml fd}alklk ic}ltacx ~taicx/ ialk}tcx s|l ofx ct}ax}cx ua}tcoltfx }alklk s|l lx}ctklhlxctacilk}l hlthc ml ofx lmaeahafx ~ctc ofx s|l uck c bchlt ofx ua}tcolx+ Lx hfif oc maeltlkhac s|l lrax}l lk}tl lo~ak}ft ml hcdcool}l q lo i|tcoax}c+ Xa lx}c mauaxaøk lx hoctc q kc}|tco lk oc bax}ftac/ }cidaák oc hfkxamltctlifx cxé lklx}l hc~é}|of+ Li~lhlifx hfk ofx iãx ck}aj|fx/ ofx ml iãx cófx ml }tcmahaøk+++ £ofx ct}ax}cx uamtaltfx# "eaj|tc =3!+

Eaj|tc =3+ Htax}co ml ~ofif &htax}co hft}cmf!+

OFX CT]AX]CX UAMTALTFX

Lo ftajlk mlo uamtaf xl tlifk}c c oc kfhbl ml ofx }ali~fx/ c lxc }alttc ~tauaoljacmc mlo Ftalk}l Ilmaf mfkml lobfidtl ~cxø/ ~ft ~tailtc ulp/ ml køicmc c xlmlk}ctaf+ Mlxml <>>> c+H+ }|uf s|l uauat/ xfdtluauat/ ftjckapctxl/mlxh|dtat ofx ~takha~afx ml oc hltãiahc/ ml ofx il}colx q/ eakcoilk}l/ ofx mlo uamtaf+ Ofx ~tailtfx fd`l}fx ml uamtaflkhfk}tcmfx xfk ~ltocx f~chcx q hfoftlcmcx+ Ml blhbf/ co ~takha~af xøof xl |}aoapcdc ~ctc oc ecdtahchaøk ml fd`l}fx~ls|lófx/ hfif `fqcx/ ci|ol}fx/ ucxfx/ hf~cx q etcxhfx ~ctc ofx chla}lx ~lte|icmfx q ofx cela}lx+

]fmcx ocx hauaoapchafklx kfx bck oljcmf ~alpcx ml uamtaf s|l bck ooljcmf bcx}c k|lx}tfx mécx+ Mlxml ofxai~tlxafkck}lx d|x}fx ml li~ltcmftlx tfickfx lk oc á~fhc mlo jtck ai~ltaf/ bcx}c ocx eakcx hf~cx ulklhackcx/ ofxct}ax}cx uamtaltfx }|ualtfk s|l c~tlkmlt q mlxcttfooct }fmc |kc xltal ml }áhkahcx lk oc ick|ech}|tc+ Hfk}ak|cilk}lx|tjéck k|lucx efticx ml bchltof/ q cxé oc bax}ftac mlo uamtaf lk lo ct}l lx |kc xlh|lkhac ml x|hlxfx s|l ai~fxadaoa}ccdftmct oc fdtc mlo ct}ax}c xak xlj|at |k mlxcttfoof bax}øtahf+

Ofx uamtafx lk oc ck}ajÿlmcm ltck xali~tl ml dcxl xømahc/ hfk co}f hfk}lkamf cohcoakf+ Xa kfx ~tlj|k}ctck oc tcpøkml lx}f lk lo Ictc}øk/ lxl `|ljf ml ~tlj|k}cx q tlx~|lx}cx/ eãhaoilk}l ~fmtécifx jckctol c oc ajkftckhac xa~lkxcifx lk lo }a~f ml ilhckaxifx s|l }lkéck ~ctc hcolk}ct+ Kf hfk}cdck hfk bftkfx ~ctc e|kmat c co}cx}li~ltc}|tcx+ Hfif lo uamtaf xømahf e|kml c }li~ltc}|tc ilmac q mc |kc icqft ~ocx}ahamcm/ kf s|lmcdck f}tcxf~hafklx ~ctc }tcdc`ct+ Ck}lx ml oc á~fhc tfickc/ lo uamtaf ltc qc háoldtl ~ft x|x hfoftlx+ ^fméc tlli~ocpct c ocx~almtcx ~tlhafxcx f xlia~tlhafxcx/ aj|co s|l ocx il`ftlx `fqltécx ml eck}cxéc ch}|colx/ q mlhftct ofx ucxfx hfk baofxml uamtaf cictaoofx/ dockhfx q ultmlx/ s|l xl lk}tlocpcdck lk eftic ml j|atkcomcx f lk pajpcj q xl e|kméck lk ocx|~lteahal+



Ocx i|lx}tcx iãx ck}aj|cx ml ucxfx b|lhfx xfk }tlx l`li~octlx ml Lja~}f "eaj|tc =4!/ s|l ooluck lo kfidtl mloectcøk ]|}ifxax AAA+ M|tck}l hlthc ml }tlx xajofx oc akm|x}tac mlo uamtaf xl mlxcttfooø co iaxif }ali~f lk Lja~}f qlk Ilxf~f}ciac+ Oc eftic ml ofx ucxfx xl akx~atø lk ofx s|l xl tlcoapcdck lk hltãiahc/ il}co q ~almtc+ C eakcolx mloc Lmcm ml Dtfkhl lo ai~ltaf lja~haf hfkfhl |kc á~fhc ml ckcts|éc q mlhcmlkhac/ ~ltf mlx~|áx mlo cóf 88> c+H+ xl~tfm|hlk jtckmlx hcidafx lk oc uamc ~foé}ahc q h|o}|tco hfk ocx hfks|ax}cx ml Col`ckmtf/ q hfk Col`ckmtéc tlhaáke|kmcmc/ Lja~}f xl hfkualt}l lk lo hlk}tf mlo xcdlt blolkéx}ahf+ Uamtaltfx q }coocmftlx ml uamtaf fta|kmfx mlIlxf~f}ciac liajtck bchac lx}c pfkc q mlxcttfoock lo uamtaf hfocmf lk |k ifoml ml mfx ~ct}lx/ q oc ecdtahchaøk mlouamtaf ifxcahf/ s|l hfkxax}l lk |kat hfk |kc e|xaøk olk}c etcjilk}fx ml uctaoocx ml uamtaf ml uctafx hfoftlx/max~|lx}fx xaj|alkmf |k mad|`f mcmf+ Lx}cx }áhkahcx/ hfk lo jtcdcmf q oc }cooc/ xl ~ltelhhafkck ~ctcolocilk}l+ Xl

}tcdc`c oc mlhftchaøk hfk lxico}l q xl ~tfm|hl lo kchaialk}f mlo uamtaf xckmzahb ft "eaj|tc =8!/ ~fkalkmf |kc bf`cml ftf jtcdcmf lk}tl mfx hc~cx ml uamtaf+

Eaj|tc =4+ ^alpcx ml uamtaf lja~haf mlhftcmf/ xajof AU+ c+H+

Eaj|tc =8+ Uamtaf xckmzahb ft+

C ~lxct ml s|l }fmfx áx}fx xfk cuckhlx ml ai~ft}ckhac/ oc ultmcmltc tlufo|haøk lk oc ~tfm|hhaøk mlo uamtaf/ oc s|l~tfm|`f |kc ~tfe|kmc hfkifhaøk e|l lo mlxh|dtaialk}f ml oc hcóc ml uamtaltf s|l ~ltia}l xf~octof+ Lx}cblttcialk}c lxlkhaco kf bc hcidacmf mlxml x| htlchaøk q bc mcmf co ct}l mlo uamtaf |k lx}aof ~tf~af+ X|mlxh|dtaialk}f bc xamf c}tad|amf c ofx elkahafx/ q bc ~ltia}amf ecdtahct fd`l}fx eãhao q tã~amcilk}l/ c |k dc`f hfx}f+Xl klhlxa}ø |kc jtck aicjakchaøk q htlc}auamcm ~ctc ~lkxct s|l |kc icxc mleftil q hcoalk}l xl ~fméc xf~oct ~ctc



htlct fd`l}fx ml i|hbc |}aoamcm q dloolpc+ Xa kf of htllx cxé q kf bcx uax}f k|khc høif xl xf~oc lo uamtaf/ }tc}c mlaicjakãt}lof q ultãx s|l h|lx}c }tcdc`f tlcoapct }co }ctlc+

Lk oc á~fhc mlo Ai~ltaf tfickf ocx tlochafklx lk}tl lo Lx}l q lo Flx}l ltck i|q lx}tlhbcx/ q lo ct}l mlo uamtaf xlmlxcttfooø lk cidfx ocmfx mlo Ilma}lttãklf/ ~ft of s|l lx i|q maeéhao ml}ltiakct xa |kc ~alpc lx~lhéeahc lxlrho|xauc ml |kc tljaøk+ Lx hfif xa cbftc }tc}ãtcifx ml xcdlt xa |kc df}looc ml }ls|aoc e|l blhbc lk @coaxhf f lkHfoaic+ Ofx bcoocpjfx cts|lfoøjahfx bck xchcmf c oc o|p/ cmliãx ml ofx uamtafx ml |xf mactaf/ jtck hck}amcm mluamtaltéc ml lidcoc`l/ hfif etcxhfx ~ctc cela}lx/ ~lte|ilx/ q tlha~alk}lx iãx jtckmlx ~ctc lo uakf q lo chla}l+I|hbfx ooluck lk lo efkmf |k kfidtl ai~tlxf/ s|l kf xl xcdl xa hfttlx~fkml co kfidtl mlo ct}ax}c/ co ~tf~al}ctafml oc li~tlxc/ f co ~tfm|h}ft mlo hfk}lkamf mlo etcxhf+ Xa |k lr}tc}lttlx}tl ooljctc c oc ]alttc q ualtc |kc df}looc ml

uamtaf uchéc s|l }alkl jtcdcmf lo kfidtl ml |k ~lte|il/ xltéc maeéhao ~ctc áo xcdlt c s|á hfttlx~fkml oc akxhta~haøk/¶kf htllx6

Lk oc á~fhc mlo Ai~ltaf tfickf xl ecdtahc uamtaf ml o|`f mlx}akcmf c oc lr~ft}chaøk+ Oc ecifxc ucxa`c ^ft}ockm"eaj|tc ==!/ ml uamtaf cp|o fxh|tf tlh|dalt}f ~ft |kc hc~c ml uamtaf dockhf ml lx}cóf/ }coocmf lk tloalul hfif ofxhcicelfx/ lx xak m|mc coj|kc fdtc ml ofx ct}ax}cx col`ckmtakfx s|l }tcdc`ctfk lk Lja~}f f lk A}coac+ ]cidaák lx ocs|l bc uauamf oc bax}ftac iãx mtciã}ahc+ Xl bc tf}f lk }tlx fhcxafklx+ Oc ~tailtc e|l lk coj|kc á~fhc ml occk}ajÿlmcm/ h|ckmf lo maxhf s|l cbftc lx}ã lk oc dcxl }|uf s|l xlt cócmamf ~ctc tl~ctctoc+ Xl xcdl s|l áx}c kf lx ocdcxl ftajakco ~fts|l }alkl maeltlk}l lmcm s|l lo tlx}f ml oc ~alpc+ Lk}tl 3:25 q 32>1 ufouaø c mcóctxl/ kf xl xcdlhøif/ h|ckmf ~lt}lklhéc c oc m|s|lxc ml Jftmfk+ Lk 323>/ h|ckmf Iárahf hfilkpcdc c xlt |kc ~céxakml~lkmalk}l/ lo m|s|l ml ^ft}ockm/ x| m|lóf lk lxl ifilk}f/ q c x| ulp oc ~ltxfkc s|l oc dc|}apc/ xl oc ~tlx}c coi|xlf dta}ãkahf/ mfkml lk 32=< |k `fulk uaxa}ck}l oc tfi~l+ Oc dloolpc ml lx}c ~alpc tcmahc lk lo }coocmf ml

bltifxcx eaj|tcx s|l tl~tlxlk}ck lxhlkcx mlo h|i~olcófx ml Col`ckmtf lo Jtckml f ml oc bax}ftac ml Cs|aolx+Ml}ltiakct h|ão lx oc ultmcmltc aicjlk lx |kc }ctlc ~tãh}ahcilk}l ai~fxadol/ aj|co s|l oc ml max}akj|at xa xfk mfxtloc}fx akml~lkmalk}lx f mfx h|cmtfx s|l i|lx}tck oc iaxic bax}ftac7 ~ltf lxf kf ol tlx}c dloolpc q lx~olkmft+ Lk loxajof RAR xl bapf |kc tá~oahc lrch}c |}aoapckmf lo iaxif uamtaf f~chf ml lx}cóf+ ^ctc lx}f xl tlh|ttaø c |k dctkapefticmf ~ft |k ãhamf e|lt}l hfk lo s|l xl ai~tljkctfk ocx ~ct}lx s|l xl s|ltéck ick}lklt xfdtl tloalul+ Mlx~|áx xlx|iltjaø lk ãhamf eo|ftbémtahf/ s|l c}chc co uamtaf s|l lx}ã mlx~tf}ljamf/ q lo tlx|o}cmf e|l |kc ~alpc hcxalrch}cilk}l aj|co+ Lx}c hf~ac/ co aj|co s|l oc ftajakco/ uauaø x| ~tf~af mtcic+ @|x}f mlx~|áx ml }ltiakctoc xl s|ldtøq ~fx}ltaftilk}l xl ~ct}aø lk mfx ~lmcpfx+ ^ljctoc hfx}ø mfx cófx iãx+

Eaj|tc ==+ Ucxa`c ^ft}ockm+

Ufoualkmf c eakcolx mlo xajof AA/ xcdlifx s|l ofx uamtaltfx ml Col`ckmtéc cdckmfkctfk lo uamtaf hfoftlcmf ifxcahflk dlkleahaf mlo uamtaf akhfoftf+ X| ~ltelh}c }tckx~ctlkhac tlcopc oc }cooc q lo jtcdcmf s|l lrajlk |kc ic}ltac ~taici|q ~|tc+ Lk lo xajof AU xl ifmaeahc oc xa}|chaøk ml ak}lthcidaf hfkx}ck}l lk}tl lo lx}l q lo flx}l mlo Ai~ltaftfickf+ Ofx uamtaltfx ml`ck ml liajtct q ocx ~tfm|hhafklx ftalk}colx q fhhamlk}colx li~alpck c maeltlkhactxl"eaj|tc =<!+ Oc mlhcmlkhac mlo ai~ltaf tfickf hfkooluc/ lk halt}c ickltc/ oc mlo ct}l mlo uamtaf/ of s|l kf s|altl



mlhat s|l lk }fmcx ocx ~tfuakhacx fhhamlk}colx ml lx}l ai~ltaf oc ~tfm|hhaøk uamtaltc xl tlm|`ltc q e|ltc ml hcoamcmilmafhtl+ Lo j|x}f ml ofx hoalk}lx jltickfx }alkl |kc akeo|lkhac hcmc ulp icqft xfdtl ocx efticx q oc mlhftchaøk/htlckmf of s|l xl oociø lo uamtaf ml ftajlk etckhf+ Oc uctalmcm ml efticx lx ilkft/ ofx cmftkfx lx}ãk oaia}cmfx clolilk}fx e|kmamfx q cócmamfx/ f c xai~olx baofx dockhfx7 lo uamtaf lx ai~|tf/ ml hfoft ultml df}looc+

Eaj|tc =<+ Uamtaf xf~ocmf lk ifoml/ á~fhc tfickc/ xajof AA m+H+

Bchac lo cóf 3>>>/ mldamf c ofx ~tfdolicx ml ai~ft}chaøk ml ocx ic}ltacx ~taicx/ lo uamtaf ml dcxl xømahc lxtlli~ocpcmf ~tfjtlxaucilk}l ~ft lo uamtaf ml dcxl ~f}ãxahc/ s|l ~tfhlml ml ocx hlkapcx ml ofx ãtdfolx+ Lx}l hcidaflk oc }áhkahc lx lo hfialkpf ml ocx maeltlkhacx lk}tl lo uamtaf ecdtahcmf co kft}l ml ofx Co~lx q lo ecdtahcmf lk ocxtljafklx ilma}lttãklcx+ Lk lo kft}l/ lo uamtaf etckhf ml`c x| o|jct co uamtaf ml dcxl ~f}ãxahc/ ialk}tcx s|l A}coac~lticklhl ealo co uamtaf ml dcxl xømahc+

Cxé ooljcifx c oc Lmcm Ilmac/ lk oc h|co/ hfif hcxa }fmf lk lx}c á~fhc/ lo ct}l mlo uamtaf ml~lkml ml ofx hfkulk}fx~|lx ofx ialidtfx ml ocx øtmlklx tloajafxcx ltck ocx ðkahcx ~ltxfkcx h|o}cx+ ^ltf c eakcolx mlo xajof RAA q m|tck}l}fmf lo xajof RAAA/ ofx feahafx ct}éx}ahfx xl oadltck ~fhf c ~fhf ml oc }|}loc ml ofx ifkcx}ltafx+ Xl htlck uamtaltécxcid|ock}lx lk lo hftcpøk ml ofx dfxs|lx/ s|l e|ltfk c ilk|mf ocx ~tlh|txftcx ml oc hfofkapchaøk ml ocx tljafklxmlxát}ahcx ifk}cófxcx+ Lk lx}fx o|jctlx xl ecdtahcdc lo uamtaf ml blolhbf/ s|l ltc ultml/ oolkf ml ai~|tlpcx qd|td|`cx ~fts|l oc ic}ltac ~taic kf lx}cdc x|eahalk}lilk}l ~|taeahcmc+ Xl ecdtahck }cidaák etcxhfx oaxfx q xakmlhftchaøk/ s|l xl |}aoapck ~ctc ilmahcilk}fx/ ~lte|ilx/ cj|c dlkma}c/ tloas|acx/ tlha~alk}lx ~ctc ckãoaxax iámahfxml ftakc q xckjtl q/ xaj|alkmf lo mlxcttfoof ml oc cos|aiac/ k|iltfxfx ucxfx/ ic}tchlx/ tl}ft}cx f xlt~lk}aklx ~ctcmlx}aochaøk+ Hfif ulifx/ oc bax}ftac mlo uamtaf xl col`c |k ~fhf mlo ct}l m|tck}l lx}c á~fhc/ ~|lx xl d|xhø iãx |kc|}aoamcm ~tãh}ahc s|l |k eak ct}éx}ahf "eaj|tc =5!+



Eaj|tc =5+ Lx~l`fx mlhftc}aufx+

Lk oc xlj|kmc ia}cm mlo xajof RU q lk lo xajof RUA/ lk ~olkf Tlkchaialk}f/ lo ~lkxcialk}f q oc h|o}|tc l|tf~lfxlr~ltailk}ctfk |kc jtck tlkfuchaøk+ Lx}c lx~lhal ml tlufo|haøk/ s|l }fiø lk h|lk}c oc bltlkhac h|o}|tco ml oc

ck}ajÿlmcm/ }|uf x| h|kc lk A}coac ck}lx ml tlx~ockmlhlt lk }fmc L|tf~c+

H|tafxcilk}l/ Ulklhac kf xl lkhfk}tcdc lk}tl ofx jtckmlx hlk}tfx ai~|oxftlx ml lx}c tlkfuchaøk+ Ltc |kc ha|mcmml hfilthack}lx ãuamfx ml jckckhacx q ml kculjck}lx li~tlkmlmftlx/ |kc ha|mcm s|l lk oc Lmcm Ilmac/ jtchacx cx| eof}c/ bcdéc xcdamf hfkxltuct oc bljlifkéc mlo hfilthaf hfk Ftalk}l+ Ulklhac li~alpc c mlxli~lóct |k ~c~lolk oc uamc h|o}|tco `|x}f h|ckmf x| ~fmlt ~foé}ahf hfialkpc c mlhoakct q x| ~tfx~ltamcm lhfkøiahc xl ul~loajtfxcilk}l cilkcpcmc ~ft oc ~átmamc ml oc icqftéc ml x|x ~fxlxafklx+ Lk}fkhlx ofx ulklhackfx xl ~tlfh|~ck~ft mlxcttfooct x| ~tf~ac ~tfm|hhaøk q ftalk}ck x| akm|x}tac bchac ocx ilthckhécx ml o|`f mlx}akcmcx c oclr~ft}chaøk/ hfif lkhc`lx/ }l`amfx ml xlmc/ ofpc q/ xfdtl }fmf/ uamtaltéc/ mfkml cohckpck |kc x|~ltaftamcm s|lxfdtluaul c oc bax}ftac+

\k chhamlk}l jlfjtãeahf hfk}tad|ql c s|l Ulklhac ofjtl lxc x|~tlichéc/ ~fts|l cmliãx ml xlt |kc ha|mcm hcxa

aklr~|jkcdol/ c oc h|co ltc uat}|coilk}l ai~fxadol c}chct ~ft }alttc f ~ft ict/ lx}ã xa}|cmc lk lo o|jct ~ltelh}f ~ctclx}cdolhlt hfk}ch}fx lk}tl oc L|tf~c ftalk}co q lo Lx}l+ Oc ai~ft}ckhac ml oc akm|x}tac mlo uamtaf e|l tã~amcilk}ltlhfkfhamc+ Lo Lx}cmf lk xlj|amc ~tf}ljaø/ hfk}tfoø q ftjckapø oc ~tfm|hhaøk q lo hfilthaf+ Lk lo xajof RAAA xlhtlctfk ofx jtliafx ml uamtaltfx/ q lk 3414 ocx uamtaltécx e|ltfk }tcxocmcmcx c oc axoc ulhakc ml I|tckf/ hfk oclrh|xc ml s|l xl s|ltéc lua}ct ~fxadolx akhlkmafx/ ~ltf oc tlcoamcm ltc s|l mlxlcdck lo|mat oc mae|xaøk ml ofxxlhtl}fx+ Lo cidalk}l ml ~cp q }tcks|aoamcm lk lo s|l }tcdc`cdck ~tf~ahaø oc htlchaøk ml e|lt}lx }tcmahafklx+



Eaj|tc =:+ Uamtaf ulklhackf+ c!Ucxf ml htax}co mlo xajof R7 d! etcxhf ml htax}co mlo xajof RUAA+

C ~ct}at mlo xajof RAAA ofx ulklhackfx ecdtahck uamtaf akhfoftf q hfkfhlk lo xlhtl}f ml oc ~ak}|tc hfk lxico}l "eaj|tc=:!+ Xfdtl lo uamtaf ml hfoft fxh|tf/ qc e|ltc cp|o/ ultml f tf`f/ ofx hfoftamfx lxico}lx tlxco}ck hfk e|ltpc+ Bcqhfoftlx uafol}cx/ cictaoofx q dockhf olhbfxfx s|l xl |}aoapck mlx~|áx ~ctc aia}ct hfk jtck chalt}f ocx ~fthlockcxhbakcx+ Xl ~tfm|hl oc lufo|haøk ml ocx efticx/ ml`ckmf ml ocmf ofx ifmlofx akx~atcmfx lk oc fteldtltéc ~ctc d|xhctofx }é~ahcilk}l ulklhackfx/ }co q hfif of ~ltia}éc oc icolcdaoamcm mlo uamtaf ml dcxl xømahc+ K|lucilk}l/ lxjtchacx c x| o|jct jlfjtãeahf q co hfilthaf icté}aif s|l ofx ulklhackfx kf cdckmfkck oc ck}aj|c eøti|oc mlouamtaf c dcxl ml xfxc q hco/ of h|co ~ltia}l c ofx ct}ax}cx htlct eaj|tcx jtchacx c oc xai~ol icka~|ochaøk ml oc icxc

ué}tlc/ h|qcx ~tf~fthafklx fdlmlhlk c ocx olqlx lx}á}ahf)ic}liã}ahcx ml oc jtck á~fhc mlo Tlkchaialk}f+ Ocmlhftchaøk/ et|}f mlo ifomlcmf f ml oc c~oahchaøk ml uctaoocx ml uamtaf/ xl bchl lk hcoalk}l lk |k bftkf+ C~ctlhlkucxfx hfk ~alx/ cmftkcmfx hfk tloalulx xf~ocmfx lk ifomlx il}ãoahfx s|l tl~tlxlk}ck hcdlpcx ml olfklx fj|atkcomcx+ Ocx efticx q oc mlhftchaøk xl bchlk hcmc ulp iãx hfi~oahcmcx q tld|xhcmcx/ ofx ~alx xfk chckcocmfx/ oc~ct}l ak}ltaft ml oc hf~c xl mlhftc hfk chckcocm|tcx/ xl }tlkpck uctaoocx ~ctc htlct |kc ultmcmltc ai~tlxaøk mllkhc`l lk lo uamtaf+ Xl ecdtahc lo uamtaf lxhcthbcmf/ xl |}aoapck hfoftlx e|lt}lx/ mlo uafol}c ickjcklxf co cp|ohfdco}f+ Lk }fmfx ocmfx tlakc |kc jtck eck}cxéc lk lo maxlóf+ Oc dloolpc lx of s|l ai~ft}c+++ lo hctãh}lt |}aoa}ctaf~altml ucoft ~ctc loofx "eaj|tc =2!+

Eaj|tc =2+ Uamtaf ulklhackf+



C ~lxct ml s|l lo jfdaltkf ulklhackf }fiø ilmamcx ~ctc lua}ct s|l ofx uamtaltfx xl icthbcxlk mlo ~céx ooluãkmfxlofx xlhtl}fx ml oc ecdtahchaøk/ |k jtck kðiltf ml ct}ax}cx xl lr~c}tactfk+ Xak lidctjf/ lkhfk}tctfk xltacxmaeah|o}cmlx ~ctc }tcdc`ct lo uamtaf mldamf c oc eco}c ml ic}ltacx ~taicx c~tf~acmcx/ lx~lhacoilk}l oc xfxc+ Ecdtahctuamtaf co lx}aof ulklhackf lk ~céxlx col`cmfx ml ocx jtckmlx uécx ml hfilthaf }lttlx}tl q icté}aif ltc |kc li~tlxccttalxjcmc+ Oc jtck mlickmc mlo uamtaf ml o|`f c of octjf ml }fmc oc L|tf~c tlkchlk}ax}c ~tfufhc oc c~ctahaøk mli|hbcx hcxcx ml uamtaf/ }fmcx aia}ckmf lo lx}aof ulklhackf+

Ofx ucxfx q ocx hf~cx loljck}lx lx}cdck blhbfx ~ctc oc ctax}fhtchac tahc/ h|qc ~takha~co dldamc ltc lo uakf+ ^ltf/¶s|á ~cxcdc hfk oc hocxl ilthck}ao mlo kft}l ml L|tf~c6 Aj|coilk}l ~fmltfxc s|l oc ctax}fhtchac/ ~ltf hfk j|x}fxi|q maeltlk}lx/ ai~|oxø oc ecdtahchaøk ml uamtafx iãx ~ockfx q tlxax}lk}lx s|l olx xatualtck ~ctc dldlt hltulpc q kfuakf+ Hfif ocx eakcx q etãjaolx hf~cx kf olx xltuéck/ lk lo kft}l xl li~alpck c bchlt ucxfx iãx cj|ck}cmftlx/dloocilk}l mlhftcmfx ~ltf hfk |k lx}aof ilkfx lrs|axa}f7 q cxé kchl lo uamtaf ml Dfbliac "eaj|tc =1!+ Lx}ftl~tlxlk}ø |kc e|lt}l hfi~l}lkhac ~ctc ofx ulklhackfx/ ~fts|l ofx hfilthack}lx ml uamtaf lk Dfbliac/ i|qli~tlkmlmftlx/ hfkxaj|lk |k o|jct ai~ft}ck}l lk lo ãida}f hfilthaco l|tf~lf+ Oc lrhlolk}l hcoamcm ml x| uamtafeakf oocicmf htax}co/ oc tlkfuchaøk ml ocx }áhkahcx ml mlhftchaøk/ lx~lhacoilk}l lo jtcdcmf q oc }cooc/ cxé hfif x|x~tlhafx iømahfx olx ~ltia}lk }ta|kect etlk}l c oc hfi~l}lkhac+ Lo htax}co ml Dfbliac "eaj|tc <>! cms|altl |kclkftil ecic/ c }co jtcmf s|l ofx iaxifx uamtaltfx ml I|tckf ak}lk}ck aia}ct x| hfi~fxahaøk q mlhftchaøk+Li~alpc oc hcémc mlo ai~ltaf ulklhackf lk oc ick|ech}|tc mlo uamtaf/ s|l }cidaák lx ecuftlhamc ~ft lo cxhlkxf mlo~tf}lx}ck}axif q lo eoftlhaialk}f ml oc hocxl ilthck}ao lk ofx ^céxlx Dc`fx+ Ofx hlk}tfx ai~ft}ck}lx xl i|lulk mlox|t co kft}l ml L|tf~c/ mfkml ocx }áhkahcx ml lxico}cmf q jtcdcmf hfk ~|k}c ml macick}l }fick maeltlk}lx lx}aofxkchafkcolx/ q cxé hfialkpc c s|lmct lk lo ~cxcmf/ ~fhf c ~fhf/ lo lx~olkmft mlo uamtaf ml Ulklhac+

Eaj|tc =1+ Uamtaf ml Dfbliac+



Eaj|tc <>+ Uamtaf ml Dfbliac "xajof RUAA!+

Oc akeo|lkhac mlo ct}l ulklhackf kf e|l eãhao ml x|~ltct+ Lk Akjoc}lttc olx }fiø hcxa }fmf lo xajof RUAA hcidact lolx}aof ulklhackf ~ft lo akjoáx/ mfkml xl li~olc lo uamtaf ml ~ofif/ iãx ~lxcmf s|l lo ulklhackf/ q hfk ocmlxulk}c`c ml kf ~fmlt xf~octxl ~ft xlt i|q mlojcmf/ ~ltf s|l }alkl |k dtaoof q |kc hcoamcm ~ctc max~ltxct oc o|ps|l of bchl akx|~ltcdol+ Oc ai~ft}ckhac ml lx}l }a~f ml uamtaf xl kf}c lk ocx df}loocx ml uakf/ c ocx s|l xl olx cócmécøramf ml ickjcklxf ~ctc hfkxlj|at |k hfoft iftcmf fxh|tf7 cxé s|l mlx~|áx ml xlt mlhftcmc tlx|o}cdc |kcbltifxc ~alpc+

Oc uamtaltéc lx~cófoc mlo xajof RUA co xajof RUAAA lx |kc ilphoc ml lolilk}fx ulklhackfx/ ml efticx }é~ahcilk}lofhcolx q ml ulx}ajafx ml }tcmahaøk ãtcdl+ ]tlx tljafklx xl tl~ct}lk oc ~tfm|hhaøk/ hcmc |kc hfk x| lx}aof ~ltxfkco0 colx}l/ Hc}co|óc7 co x|t/ Ckmco|héc7 q lk lo hlk}tf/ Hcx}aooc+ Lk Hc}co|óc/ lo o|jct iãx ai~ft}ck}l lx Dcthlofkc/ mfkmlqc mlxml eakcolx mlo xajof RU q ~takha~afx mlo RUA xl ecdtahcdc |k uamtaf eakf/ lxico}cmf/ ml hfoftlx cp|o/ ~ðt~|tcq ultml "eaj|tc <3!+ Oc mlhftchaøk ltc |kc ilphoc ml lolilk}fx jø}ahfx/ ãtcdlx/ q iãx }ctml tlkchlk}ax}cx+ ]cidaák

xl ecdtahc lo uamtaf lxhcthbcmf q ml eaoajtckc+ Ocx uamtaltécx lk Ckmco|héc xl ofhcoapcdck lk ocx ~tfuakhacx mlJtckcmc/ Coiltéc q @cák+ ^ft lx}ct c~ct}cmcx ml oc hauaoapchaøk l|tf~lc hfkxltuctfk |k lx}aof ck}aj|f/ oolkf ml}tcmahafklx ãtcdlx+ Lk Hcx}aooc/ oc akeo|lkhac ulklhackc lx icqft+ Ocx }tlx lxh|locx e|ltfk lhoa~xcmcx lk lo xajofRUAAA ~ft oc Tlco Ick|ech}|tc ml oc Jtck`c ml Xck Aomlefkxf/ e|kmcmc lk 3:42/ s|l }tcdc`cdc hfk lo lx}aof dcttfhfml Dfbliac/ Colickac q Etckhac "eaj|tc <4!+



Eaj|tc <3+ Uamtaf lx~cófo ml Hc}co|óc/ Dcthlofkc "xajof RUA!+

Lk lo xajof RAR oc uctalmcm mlo hfoft lx of s|l iãx ai~tlxafkc+ Lo uamtaf tf`f ocdtcmf ml Dfbliac/ oc aia}chaøk mlãjc}c/ lo cictaoof ml hoft|tf ml ~oc}c q lo tf`f t|dé ml hfdtl/ lk}tl f}tfx/ htlctfk |kc ci~oac jcic ml ~fxadaoamcmlxlk oc mlhftchaøk mlo uamtaf ml oc á~fhc+ Hfk |k ~akhlo xl ~fkéc lo hfoft xfdtl lo uamtaf ~ctc mlx~|áx hft}ctof qea`ctof hfk lo e|ljf/ hfk of h|co xl mcdc oc ai~tlxaøk ml |k hfoft xøoamf+ Xa cmliãx of jtcdcdck/ xl ofjtcdc |k lx}aof

hctf q lrs|axa}f7 ~ctc lx}f li~olcdck mfx hc~cx ml hfoft/ jtcdcdck q hft}cdck oc ml cttadc q s|lmcdc oc ml cdc`fhfif efkmf+ Lk lx}c á~fhc kchl }cidaák lo hfoft cictaoof ultmfxf/ s|l xl fd}alkl hfk |tckaf q f~coakc "~ctlhamc coø~cof!+

Eaj|tc <4+ Uamtaf ml Dfbliac "35=:!+

C tcép mlo ára}f ml oc lrbadahaøk mlo ^cochaf ml Htax}co lk Akjoc}lttc xl li~lpctfk c htlct lxh|locx s|l lkxlócdckmaxlófx q s|l ~fkéck lx~lhaco ákecxax lk ofx ifmlofx hoãxahfx0 hãk}ctfx/ mlhck}cmftlx/ ucxa`cx/ }fmf }a~f ml ~alpcxhfk efticx q jtcdcmfx jtaljfx+ Xl hf~ack ilhãkahcilk}l ofx ifmlofx blhbfx ~ft cojðk ct}ax}c akmauam|co/ htlckmfaia}chafklx s|l k|khc ooljck c }lklt lo etlxhft q lo uajft ml oc ~alpc ftajakco+ C|ks|l ocx k|lucx }áhkahcx ml~tfm|hhaøk lk icxc bahaltfk s|l lo uamtaf lx}|ualtc max~fkadol ~ctc icqft hck}amcm ml jlk}l/ x|tjaø |kc mlickmcml ~tfm|h}fx ml icqft hcoamcm+ Ocx ~alpcx jtcdcmcx hfk if}aufx hoãxahfx/ tlkchlk}ax}cx/ q iãx }ctml ftalk}colx/ak|kmck lo ilthcmf ml oc á~fhc+ Oc akeo|lkhac ftalk}co c ~ct}at ml 3254 lx lkftil q xl tleol`c lk ofx if}aufx q lkofx hfoftlx/ bcx}c ooljct co ct} kf|ulc|+

Oc hfk}tad|haøk dta}ãkahc iãx ai~ft}ck}l lk lo xajof RAR e|l lo uamtaf ml hcicelf/ |kc tlx|ttlhhaøk mlo ct}ltfickf+ Xl mlxcttfooø lk tlx~|lx}c c oc felt}c ml 3 >>> oadtcx s|l xl fetlhaltfk c oc ~ltxfkc s|l tl~tfm|`ltclrch}cilk}l oc ucxa`c ^ft}ockm7 lo mlo hcicelf lx |k lx}aof s|l xl akx~atø hfi~ol}cilk}l lk lo ml oc `cttc0 |k uamtaffxh|tf hfk |k dockhf f~chf lkhaic/ jtcdcmf lk tloalul+ ]co ~ctlhl s|l mlx~|áx ml aia}ct oc ucxa`c xl maltfk h|lk}cml s|l ltc |kc eftic ic`lx}|fxc ml }tcdc`ct lo uamtaf+

C ilmacmfx ml lx}l xajof lo mlxcttfoof akm|x}taco ~tfufhø lo cd|xf ml oc ilhckapchaøk/ s|l hckxø c oc jlk}l q hc|xø|kc htaxax/ of h|co bc x|hlmamf lk oc bax}ftac ml k|lx}tc hauaoapchaøk lk maultxcx fhcxafklx+ Lo mlxls|aoadtaf jlkltcmf~ft oc tlufo|haøk akm|x}taco ~tfufhø |k ifuaialk}f mlx}akcmf c tlcopct lo kaulo ml ocx ct}lx mlhftc}aucx+ @fbkT|xgak "3231)31>>! }tc}c ml tlkfuct ofx feahafx ct}éx}ahfx xaj|alkmf |k amlco tloajafxf q xfhaco+ Lo cts|a}lh}fZaooaci Ifttax "328=)3215!/ }løtahf q htlcmft/ xl hfkualt}l lk |kc ml ocx ~ltxfkcoamcmlx mlo ifuaialk}f Ct}x ckm

Htce}x/ s|l cdckmfkc oc ~tfm|hhaøk akm|x}taco lk ecuft ml oc htlchaøk ct}lxckco+ Cxé/ ocx ct}lx c~oahcmcx cms|altlk



lk Akjoc}lttc |k hctãh}lt i|q lx~lhaco q xl mlxcttfoock lk |kc matlhhaøk }f}coilk}l f~|lx}c c oc mlo hfk}aklk}l/mfkml/ xak lidctjf/ xatulk c ilk|mf ml ifmlof+ Ml lx}c eftic/ ofx ct}ax}cx akjolxlx x|etlk |kc e|lt}l akeo|lkhac mlofx ifmlofx ck}aj|fx/ akx~atãkmfxl lk oc hltãiahc jtaljc ck}aj|c ~ctc lo jtcdcmf lk lo uamtaf+ Lk Etckhac~tlmfiakc lo lx}aof klfjtaljf7 lk lo kft}l ml Dfbliac/ oc }cooc)jtcdcmf co lx}aof mlo htax}co ml tfhc7 lk L|tf~chlk}tco/ lo cdckmfkf mlo lx}aof klfttfhfhø q oc cmf~haøk mlo klfttfick}ahaxif7 lk Colickac/ lo ifuaialk}flholh}ahax}c u|loul c ocx efticx ml }a~f coliãk ck}aj|f/ hfk |kc mlhftchaøk ml docxfklx q ~ltxfkc`lx bax}øtahfx~ak}cmfx hfk lxico}l/ q }cidaák tlcoapck hf~acx ml ~alpcx bax}øtahcx+ ]fmf lx}f akeo|ql q xl ai~fkl lk occts|a}lh}|tc/ lk oc mlhftchaøk ak}ltaft q lk ocx ct}lx+ K|iltfxfx htlcmftlx maxlóck cmftkfx akx~atcmfx lk lo uamtafeakf a}coackf mlo Tlkchaialk}f q lk lo uamtaf dcttfhf ml Dfbliac/ cócmalkmf if}aufx ml ~ltxfkc`lx c |kcftkcilk}chaøk tleakcmc ilmack}l |kc ~cx}c ml co}éxaic hcoamcm+ Ofx a}coackfx xl akx~atck lk x| ~tf~af ~cxcmf q xl

~tlfh|~ck xfdtl }fmf ~ft tlkfuct oc joftac ml oc uamtaltéc ulklhackc/ hcxa cjfkapck}l+ Akho|xf xl cdtl |kc uamtaltéclk I|tckf hfk hc~a}co akjoáx/ mfkml lkh|lk}tck oc }áhkahc mlo ifxcahf q ecdtahck uamtaltéc ml o|`f ml lx}aofulklhackf+ Of iãx ai~ft}ck}l/ of }tcxhlkmlk}co ltc tlhfdtct lo ~cxcmf/ ~fts|l xøof aia}ãkmfof q lx}|maãkmfof xl~fméc }ltiakct hfk ofx lttftlx ml oc á~fhc+

Bchac 32:> oc akeo|lkhac ftalk}co bchl s|l x|t`c |k lx}aof iãx tleakcmf ml ~ak}|tc hfk lxico}lx ~foéhtfifx/akx~atcmf lk ifmlofx ãtcdlx/ ~ltxcx f akmafx+ C eakcolx ml ofx cófx xl}lk}c L|tf~c mlxh|dtl lo ct}l ml Lr}tlifFtalk}l/ lo ml @c~øk q lo ml Hbakc+ X| akeo|lkhac e|l lx~lhacoilk}l ai~ft}ck}l lk Etckhac/ mfkml oadltø c ofxct}ax}cx ml ocx ~tlxafklx ml oc }tcmahaøk q olx akh|ohø lo j|x}f ~ft ocx mlhftchafklx uljl}colx/ lx}|macmcx mlo kc}|tco+Oc k|luc eaofxfeéc ml tlhfdtct lo ~cxcmf/ x|icmc c ofx ak}ltlxlx lk ofx if}aufx ftalk}colx q lk lo iax}ahaxif/ e|ltfkoc e|lk}l ~ctc lo kchaialk}f mlo ct} kf|ulc|/ h|qc ~takha~co fdtc ~lt}lklhl c Liaol Jcooá "32=5)31>=!+ Ct}ax}cuamtaltf ml Kckhq/ Jcooá lx~ltc bcx}c eakcolx ml ofx fhblk}c ~ctc mlxh|dtat x| ~tf~af lx}aof ml uamtaf mfdocmf

"eaj|tc <8! lk lo s|l jtcdc hfk ãhamf f hfk d|tao if}aufx uljl}colx ml lx}aof `c~fkáx+ C x| cotlmlmft xl htlø }fmc|kc lxh|loc ml ct}ax}cx uamtaltfx7 x| lx}aof e|l aia}cmf ~ft ocx uamtaltécx ml Kckhq/ lk Colickac q lk Dfbliac/ q c~lxct ml bcdlt ~ltmamf c ulhlx x| ftajakcoamcm/ x|x }tcdc`fx hfkxltuctfk |kc lrhlolk}l hcoamcm bcx}c x| i|lt}l lk31>=+ X| kfidtl hfialkpc c xlt xakøkaif mlo ct} kf|ulc|/ of s|l mc h|lk}c ml oc ai~ft}ckhac ml x| fdtc+

Eaj|tc <8+ Ct} kf|ulc|/ ~alpcx ml L+ Jcooá "32=5)31>=!+

Oc akeo|lkhac mlo Lr}tlif Ftalk}l }cidaák ~tfufhø lo kchaialk}f mlo eckhq jocxx "eaj|tc <=!/ uamtaf }tcdc`cmf lkhcoalk}l q mlhftcmf hfk if}aufx ckaicolx q uljl}colx/ s|l tlakø lk L|tf~c c ~ct}at ml 322>+ ]fmcx lx}cx uamtaltécx~tl~ctck oc ooljcmc mlo ifmltkaxif+ Lo lxh|o}ft Blktq Htfx "32=>)31>:!/ hfk}li~ftãklf ml Jcooá/ tlh|~ltø occk}aj|c }áhkahc oocicmc ml ~cx}c ml uamtaf/ ~ft oc s|l ifomlcdc lo uamtaf e|kmamf lk |kc bftic q ecdtahcdc jtckmlxtloalulx+ Oc ~cx}c ml uamtaf/ ~ft x| }áhkahc q ~ft ofx lelh}fx s|l ~tfm|hl/ xl chlthc i|hbf iãx c oc hltãiahc s|l lotlx}f ml ocx ~tfm|hhafklx uamtaltcx/ ~ltf x| hfoftamf/ x| }tckx~ctlkhac q x| ~ocx}ahamcm ol mck |k lkhck}f ~fá}ahfi|q lx~lhaco+



Eaj|tc <=+ Hfttalk}l eckhq jocxx "314>!+

Lk Lx}cmfx \kamfx/ Of|ax)Hfkeft} ]aeeckq "32=2)3188!/ ~ak}ft q ifmloax}c/ e|l |k ct}ax}c }ck hfkfhamf hfif LiaolJcooá lk Etckhac/ q ~c}lk}ø |k }a~f lx~lhaco ml uamtaf ataxcmf "eaj|tc <<!+ X|x ~tfm|hhafklx c~ctlhaltfk dc`f lokfidtl ml ]aeeckq Ecutaol Jocxx/ fetlhalkmf |k cx~lh}f ml o|x}tl il}ãoahf q ml ataxchafklx ml maultxfx hfoftlx+ Ocxefticx lx}ãk akx~atcmcx lk ofx if}aufx ftalk}colx q uljl}colx+

Eaj|tc <<+ ^alpc ml uamtaf ml ]aeeckq "32=2)3188!+

C ~ct}at ml ~takha~afx mlo xajof RAR/ oc c~ctahaøk ml |kc k|luc hfkhl~haøk ct}éx}ahc xak tlochaøk hfk lo ifmltkaxifakeo|qø lx~lhacoilk}l lk ocx ct}lx c~oahcmcx "eaj|tc <5!+ Mlx~|áx ml oc ~tailtc J|lttc I|kmaco oc akeo|lkhac x|lhccms|altl |kc ai~ft}ckhac hfkxamltcdol lk lo }tcdc`f mlo uamtaf ifmltkf+ Oc mlhftchaøk jtcdcmc hfk oc eftichaøk mld|td|`cx lk oc icxc hfkxlj|éc c}lk|ct lo tajft mlo e|khafkcoaxif s|l ai~ltcdc lk lx}c á~fhc+ Lo ~ltafmf mllk}tlj|lttcx e|l i|q elh|kmf lk ocx ct}lx c~oahcmcx q/ lx~lhacoilk}l/ lk lo hci~f ml oc uamtaltéc+ Lo ct}l ch}|co bcbltlmcmf oc xlkxadaoamcm ct}éx}ahc ml ofx hltciax}cx etckhlxlx/ lo tajft mlo e|khafkcoaxif coliãk/ lo oataxiflxhckmakcuf q lo j|x}f a}coackf ~ft ofx hfoftlx q ocx lx}t|h}|tcx c}tluamcx+ Ofx ct}ax}cx uamtaltfx ch}|colx lkh|lk}tcklk }fmf loof e|lk}lx ml akx~atchaøk q hta}ltafx ~ctc `|pjct x| }tcdc`f+



Eaj|tc <5+ @cttøk ml uamtaf mlo xajof RAR+

Oc xlj|kmc ~fxj|lttc uaf lo dtf}l ml uctacx }lkmlkhacx/ s|l e|ltfk iãx dalk tlkchaialk}fx mlo ~ltafmf ck}ltaft+Mlx~|áx/ hfif mahl Fh}cuaf ^cp/ bck ~tfoaeltcmf q xl bck x|hlmamf hfk |kc hloltamcm lkeltiapc ofx ifuaialk}fx qofx xl|mfifuaialk}fx/ ocx ~ltxfkcoamcmlx q ocx xl|mf~ltxfkcoamcmlx+ Lo ~ltafmf ch}|co/ oocicmf hfk lr}tcóclr~tlxaøk ~fxifmltkf "eaj|tc <:!/ kf lx ilkfx tahf lk fdtcx s|l ofx ~tlhlmlk}lx/ ~ltf lx iãx hfke|xf/ of h|comaeah|o}c xlj|at oc bax}ftac mlo uamtaf lk lo ct}l ~fxifmltkf+

Eaj|tc <:+ Uamtaf ~fxifmltkf "31>8)3188!+

Ml coj|kc ickltc lo ~cxcmf qc lx}ã lxhta}f q ~|lml lx}|mactxl/ ~ltf lo ~cxcmf hlthckf/ lo s|l hcxa lx ~tlxlk}l/ }alkls|l xlt cxaiaocmf ~ft ofx ultxcmfx lk oc ic}ltac+ Kf fdx}ck}l/ mlxlcifx s|l s|lml hoctf s|l xa kf bcdocifx ml loofkf s|altl mlhat s|l bfq lo uamtaf xlc xøof |kc hf~c f |k ucxf s|l ~|lml xlt |}aoapcmf/++++xaj|l xalkmf |k bltifxfic}ltaco mlo s|l maxet|}ck k|lx}tfx ct}ax}cx hfk}li~ftãklfx "eaj|tc <2!+

OFX CT]AX]CX UA]TCOLTFX

Ml }fmcx ocx ct}lx ~ah}øtahcx oc ml ofx ua}tcolx lx/ ~tfdcdolilk}l/ oc iãx hfi~oahcmc+ Lx}f xl mldl kf xøof c s|l xl}alklk s|l }fict lk h|lk}c ech}ftlx hfif oc o|p/ s|l hcidack hfi~ol}cilk}l oc c~ctalkhac/ xakf }cidaák ~ft x|xmlickmcx lx}t|h}|tcolx+ Kakjðk f}tf ct}l ~ctlhl lx}ct }ck ~fhf oajcmf ~ft ofx ak}ltlxlx }lttlkcolx/ }ck uauf/ }ckak}tékxlhcilk}l lkjcófxf f etc|m|olk}f ~ft x|x lelh}fx+ Ofx ua}tcolx lr~of}ck oc ak}ltchhaøk lk}tl mfx elkøilkfxmakãiahfx0 |kf eéxahf q f}tf s|éiahf+ Lo ech}ft eéxahf lx oc o|p q }fmfx x|x hcidafx ml o|jct l ak}lkxamcm+ Lo



s|éiahf lx oc uctachaøk mlo hfoft s|l x|etl lo uamtaf ~ft oc cmahaøk ml uctafx øramfx il}ãoahfx ialk}tcx xl lx}ãe|kmalkmf+

Eaj|tc <2+ Lo uamtaf lk lo ct}l hfk}li~ftãklf+

Ct}l xali~tl ml}ltiakcmf ~ft oc cts|a}lh}|tc/ ct}ax}c mfiakcmf ~ft lo cts|a}lh}f/ xali~tl }|uf s|l cmc~}ctxl q}tcdc`ct dc`f ofx tls|axa}fx ml oc á~fhc+ H|ckmf ocx ulk}ckcx lk lo xajof RAAA hfilkpctfk c xlt |k ai~ft}ck}l ilmaf~ctc hfk}ct oc bax}ftac/ lo ua}tco x|tjaø hfif oc iãx ai~ft}ck}l eftic ml ~ak}|tc ifk|ilk}co+ Lo lkftil }cicóf mli|hbcx ml ocx ulk}ckcx/ hfidakcmf hfk ofx k|iltfxfx l ak}takhcmfx hfi~ct}aialk}fx/ ~tfuléck |kc f~ft}|kamcm mlkcttchaøk i|q ak}ltlxck}l+

Lk ofx xajofx RAA q RAAA oc o|p s|l ~lkl}tcdc ~ft ocx ulk}ckcx co ak}ltaft ml ocx ajolxacx }lkéc s|l xlt dtaoock}l/ lkhfk}tcx}l hfk oc ak}lkxc fxh|tamcm+ Oc o|p s|l lk}tcdc ~ft ofx ua}tcolx l ao|iakcdc ocx aiãjlklx ml xck}fx q

l~axfmafx dédoahfx bchéc s|l áx}fx xl ai~|xaltck xfdtl oc fxh|tamcm/ htlckmf |k lelh}f ml mfiakaf q ~fmlt+ Hfifltc oøjahf/ ofx ct}ax}cx ml lk}fkhlx hfi~|xaltfk x|x ulk}ckcx hfk e|lt}lx q dtaoock}lx hfoftlx+ H|ckmf ~ft tcpfklxml oc mfh}takc f lhfkøiahcx xøof xl ~ltia}éc lo uamtaf hoctf/ xl mlhftcdc hfk |kc eakc icooc f~chc ml jtaxcooc f hfk|k ftkcilk}f ifkfhtfiã}ahf ~ak}cmf/ s|l lelh}aucilk}l lx~cthéc q x|cuapcdc oc o|p+

]fmcx ocx ajolxacx ml }fmcx ocx á~fhcx }alklk lo ãdxaml ftalk}cmf bchac lo x|tlx}l7 oc echbcmc bchac lo kftflx}l7 q loht|hltf/ f ofx dtcpfx ml oc ht|p/ ml kftflx}l c x|tlx}l+ Lx |kc ftalk}chaøk akuctacdol/ lx}cdolhamc hfk lo eak ml s|lofx ealolx q ~tfeckfx/ co lk}tct lk lo }li~of/ iatlk bchac mfkml xcol lo Xfo/ bchac lo ftalk}l/ bchac ^colx}akc/ h|kc mlohtax}ackaxif/ ~ctc s|l xcojck ml ocx }akaldocx q xl lkhciaklk bchac oc o|p+ Hfif hfkxlh|lkhac ml lx}c max~fxahaøk/lk ocx hc}lmtcolx jø}ahcx/ |kf ml ofx }tlx ua}tcolx lk eftic ml tfxl}øk s|l cmftkck lo ht|hltf q oc echbcmc ~takha~cok|khc lx}ã ao|iakcmf ~ft lo Xfo/ ialk}tcx s|l lo f}tf tlx~ockmlhl co ilmaf méc/ q lo s|l lx}ã lk oc echbcmc ~takha~coxl ao|iakc hfk ofx tcqfx mlo Xfo ~fkalk}l+ Ml lx}c ickltc xl x|hlmlk lk ocx echbcmcx ml lx}cx hc}lmtcolx ofx hfoftlx

ml oc fdtc/ xljðk |kc lufo|haøk hath|oct s|l uc mlxml ocx }akaldocx/ tl~tlxlk}cmcx ~ft oc c|xlkhac ml o|p q lo hfoftkljtf/ c oc ~ltelhhaøk ml oc o|p/ ~cxckmf ~ft lo hfoft dockhf/ hfkxamltcmf hfif lo ak}ltilmaf lk}tl lo kljtf q lotf`f+ Lk oc Lmcm Ilmac/ lo ua}tco mlo tfxl}øk hlk}tco xl hfkfhéc hfif oc tf}c/ oc t|lmc/ q ltc lo `ltfjoéeahf cos|éiahfmlo }ali~f klhlxctaf ~ctc oc hfhhaøk ml oc ic}ltac eaofxfeco+ Tl~tlxlk}c oc chhaøk mlo e|ljf q x| m|tchaøk+

^cxø lo }ali~f q ocx ~ctlmlx ml ocx ajolxacx xl cdtaltfk ~ctc cmia}at iãx q iãx ao|iakchaøk+ Oc maeltlkhac lk}tl ofxkaulolx ml o|p ak}ltkfx q lr}ltkfx kf ltc }ck icthcmc q kf ltc hc~cp ml tlxco}ct ofx dtaoock}lx q fxh|tfx hfoftlx mlofx ua}tcolx ml á~fhcx ck}ltaftlx/ ~ft of s|l xl |}aoapctfk hfoftlx iãx hoctfx+ Lk ofx xajofx RU q RUA ofx hfoftlx xfkiãx ctiøkahfx/ bcq ilkfx lelh}fx hfk}tcx}ck}lx/ icqft ~tleltlkhac ~ft oc o|iakfxamcm q hfif xali~tl/ |kcoaia}chaøk kc}|tco mcmc ~ft oc cts|a}lh}|tc s|l oc á~fhc ai~fkéc+

Cmliãx ml ofx lelh}fx ml oc o|p xfdtl lo ua}tco/ x| hc~chamcm ~ctc hfk}ct bax}ftacx of hfofhc lk |k o|jct ai~ft}ck}l



mlk}tf mlo mlxcttfoof h|o}|tco mlo bfidtl7 ol mc |k iax}ahaxif akaj|cocdol/ ~fts|l oc ak}lt~tl}chaøk ml oc kcttchaøkhcxa k|khc lx }tckx~ctlk}l+ Oc bax}ftac lk |k ua}tco x|lol olltxl ml cdc`f bchac cttadc+ Ocx lxhlkcx jlkltcoilk}llx}ãk ~|lx}cx ml aps|altmc c mltlhbc/ ~ltf lo mlxlf ml oc xail}téc q oc akhoakchaøk c ~fklt lo if}auf iãx ai~ft}ck}lco hlk}tf/ x|lolk ak}ltt|i~at lx}l cttljof q hfi~oahct oc hfi~tlkxaøk+ Lk lo ckãoaxax ml |k ua}tco xali~tl s|lmctãcojf lxhfkmamf/ s|l xøof kfx ~fmtéc lr~oahct cs|lo s|l of bapf+ X|x xlhtl}fx ~lticklhlk lk lo ~cxcmf q ol mck |khctãh}lt xlm|h}ft+ ^ctc i|lx}tc/ |k df}øk+ Oc bax}ftac s|l c~ctlhl lk lo oadtf ml E|ohcklooa/ Lo iax}ltaf ml ocx

hc}lmtcolx/ lx |k lrhlolk}l l`li~of0

W+++Y x| ~cmtl Dlka}f/ hfkxl`ltf ml Hof}ctaf AA/ q x| icmtl/ Eloaha}cx/ lx}cdck chfx}cmfx lk |kc hcic/hfi~ol}cilk}l mlxk|mfx/ xljðk oc hfx}|idtl s|l m|tø bcx}c ilmacmfx mlo xajof RUA+ Oc hfkhl~haøk lx}cdc

tl~tlxlk}cmc ~ft |kc lx}tlooc s|l dtaoocdc lkhaic ml oc hfohbc/ lk hfk}ch}f hfk lo ualk}tl ml oc i|`lt+

^ft chhamlk}l f ~ft |k ak}lk}f mloadltcmf/ lo uamtaf s|l xl bapf lk ofx xajofx RAA q RAAA }lkéc oc hfidakchaøk hcxa~ltelh}c ml ht|mlpc q tleakcialk}f s|l xl klhlxa}cdc ~ctc locdftct lo ua}tco+ Ocx oãiakcx ml }tlak}c hlk}éil}tfx ltckx|eahalk}lilk}l dockmcx q mlojcmcx ~ctc hft}ctocx mlo }cicóf klhlxctaf/ ~ltf dcx}ck}l jt|lxcx ~ctc }lklt tahcx}tckxahafklx lk oc ~tfe|kmamcm mlo hfoft+ Hfk lo ~tfhlxf ml oc }lhkfofjéc mlo uamtaf lk oc Lmcm Ilmac q loTlkchaialk}f/ xl bahaltfk oãiakcx iãx octjcx q mlojcmcx lk |k lkftil tckjf ml hfoftlx+ Hfk}tctacilk}l c of s|l~|maltc ~lkxctxl/ lo uamtaf li~lpø c xlt ilkfx ak}ltlxck}l hfif |k lolilk}f lx}á}ahf caxocmf+ Lx ~ft lx}f s|l lk loxajof RAR tljtlxck co iá}fmf ck}aj|f ml ~tfm|hhaøk/ q mlxcttfoock of s|l bcx}c bfq xl hfkfhl hfif uamtaf ck}aj|f/kf}cdolilk}l xaiaoct lk hfoft/ }lr}|tc q dtaoof co s|l xl |xø lk ofx xajofx RAA q RAAA+ Hfk lx}l ic}ltaco xl bchlk ofxua}tcolx lk oc ch}|coamcm+

Lk ofx ua}tcolx/ lo uamtaf ml hfoftlx lx}ã lx}ã}ahf/ ~ltf bcq makciaxif ~ft lo lolilk}f ml hcidaf akbltlk}l c oc o|pkc}|tco+ Lo cx~lh}f ml ocx uctachafklx lk oc c~ctalkhac ml ofx ua}tcolx lx tlx|o}cmf ml oc co}ltchaøk lk oc ak}lkxamcm/max~fxahaøk/ mae|xaøk c}ifxeátahc q hfoft ml oc o|p mlo méc+ \k ua}tco lx}ã uauf/ q |kf ~|lml ult ofx lelh}fx ftjãkahfxml oc o|p lk oc ulk}ckc hfk lo ~cxf mlo }ali~f+ Áxc lx oc jtck maeltlkhac hfk f}tcx ct}lx+ ^ctc ~fmlt aicjakctkfx ocuamc ml |k ua}tco/ lk}tlifx ~ft |k ifilk}f lk oc hc}lmtco ml Hbct}tlx "eaj|tc <1!/ |kc ml ocx hc}lmtcolx ilmalucolxiãx xlm|h}ftcx q s|l ~fxll oc il`ft hfolhhaøk ml ulk}ckcx+ Ocx ml oc ~ct}l x|~ltaft lx}ãk mlmahcmcx c ocjoftaeahchaøk ml oc uatjlk Ictéc/ c s|alk oc hc}lmtco lk}ltc lx}ã hfkxcjtcmc7 ocx ml oc ~ct}l akeltaft tl~tlxlk}cklxhlkcx hf}amackcx7 co flx}l/ oc uamc q oc ~cxaøk ml Htax}f/ q lo Ðo}aif @|tcilk}f lk lo tfxl}øk ml cttadc7 co kft}l/ ocbax}ftac mlo Ual`f ]lx}cilk}f7 co x|t/ oc mlo K|luf ]lx}cilk}f+

Eaj|tc <1+ Hc}lmtco ml Hbct}tlx+

Oc ai~ft}ckhac ml oc hc}lmtco lk oc bax}ftac ml ofx ua}tcolx tcmahc lk oc akeo|lkhac s|l }|uf lk oc eftichaøk mlct}ax}cx ml lxc á~fhc/ iãx s|l lk oc hck}amcm ml uamtaf s|l xl |}aoapø+ Lo lxs|lic ml hfkx}t|hhaøk c}tc`f jlk}l ml



i|hbfx xa}afx/ blhbf s|l xl tleol`c lk ofx maultxfx lx}aofx s|l c~ctlhlk+ ^ltf lk}tlifx ml |kc ulp/ q bcjãifxof `|x}f mlx~|áx mlo cicklhlt/ lk |kc icóckc ml |k méc hoctf+

Ocx ulk}ckcx s|l iatck co lx}l xfk ocx ~tailtcx s|l xl ulk/ ~fts|l xfk ocx s|l lx}ãk ao|iakcmcx lk lxl akx}ck}l+H|ckmf lo Xfo uc x|dalkmf "f jatc oc ]alttc!/ jtcm|coilk}l xl uck ao|iakckmf ocx f}tcx+ Ml tl~lk}l lo Xfo xllxhfkml ml}tãx ml ocx k|dlx q oc c~ctalkhac ml }fmcx ocx ulk}ckcx hcidac tcmahcoilk}l+ Oc o|p cbftc lx}ã aj|coilk}lmae|kmamc q lk}tc co ~ctl`f ~ft }fmcx ocx htax}coltcx+ Oc c}iøxeltc ml oc hc}lmtco lx iãx etéc q jtcul+ Lk lxl akx}ck}l|kf lx hc~cp ml kf}ct ocx maeltlkhacx cdxfo|}cx lk ocx }fkcoamcmlx ml ofx ua}tcolx }ficmfx akmauam|coilk}l+ Xamlx~|áx lo Xfo tlc~ctlhl lk oc }ctml/ lo lx~lh}ãh|of lx jtckmafxf+ Ofx cp|olx ml ocx ulk}ckcx mlo flx}l/ ofx iãxak}lkxfx/ xl lx~cthlk ~ft mfs|alt ~fts|l ofx tcqfx mlo Xfo olx hclk matlh}cilk}l+ Q xa cdtaifx cbftc oc ~|lt}c ~ctc

xcoat/ }lkmtlifx oc xlkxchaøk ml s|l kf lx}cifx lk lo iaxif xa}af/ s|l kfx bck hcidacmf ofx ulk}ckcolx/ q s|l lolxhlkctaf lx xft~tlkmlk}lilk}l max}ak}f+ "Xa s|altlx lr~ltailk}ct |kc xlkxchaøk ~ctlhamc/ uaxa}c lo Hfxifua}tco ml]fo|hc7 x|x dtaoock}lx hfoftlx ol mck co akultkcmltf |kc c~ctalkhac ðkahc l akaj|cocdol+!

Lo ct}ax}c ua}tcoltf ml~lkml mlo ct}ax}c uamtaltf aj|co s|l |k ch}ft ml }lc}tf ml~lkml mlo mtcic}|tjf s|l lxhtadl ocfdtc7 oc ic}ltac ~taic oc bchlk ofx uamtaltfx/ co ~tfm|hat uamtafx hfoftlcmfx hfk øramfx il}ãoahfx+ Ofx hcidafx ml|k hfoft c f}tf lk lo maxlóf ml |k ua}tco xøof xl ~|lmlk lelh}|ct ak}tfm|halkmf ~alpcx akmauam|colx ml uamtafx mlohfoft klhlxctaf+ ^ctc s|l lk}alkmcx il`ft lo ~tfhlxf ml oc locdftchaøk ml |k ua}tco }l of mlxhtadaifx c hfk}ak|chaøk+

^tailtf xl ~ak}c |k mad|`f xfdtl |kc ilxc dockhc q oai~ac mlo }cicóf tlco ml oc ulk}ckc/ mfkml xl i|lx}tl ocmauaxaøk ml ocx ãtlcx ml uctafx hfoftlx lk maeltlk}lx ~alpcx ml uamtaf+ Mlx~|áx xl lxhfjl q xl hft}c h|amcmfxcilk}llo uamtaf ml hfoftlx+ H|ckmf }fmcx ocx ~alpcx lx}ãk hft}cmcx/ }fickmf lk h|lk}c oc max}ckhac s|l xl }alkl s|l ml`ct

lk}tl loocx ~ctc oc |kaøk ml ~ofif/ xl ~ak}ck ofx ml}coolx mlo maxlóf hfk lxico}l ué}tlf7 mlx~|áx xl il}l co bftkf qxl e|kml lo lxico}l hfk lo ~tf~af uamtaf+ Blhbf lx}f/ ocx ulk}ckcx lx}ãk oax}cx ~ctc lkxcidoctxl/ ~ltf hfif s|lmckeolradolx xl }alklk s|l mauamat lk ~ls|lócx htax}coltcx s|l xl uck `|k}ckmf ~ctc eftict lo ulk}ckco jtckml+

Cxé ~|lx/ ofx ua}tcolx }alklk ~ft e|ltpc |kc lx}t|h}|tc mauamamc+ Lo bcdlt hfkult}amf lx}c klhlxamcm lk |k lolilk}fct}éx}ahf ~ft xé iaxif lx of s|l mc x| jtckmlpc c ocx hc}lmtcolx jø}ahcx+ Co |}aoapct lx}cx cticm|tcx ~ctc mloaklct ocx~takha~colx x|dmauaxafklx ftkcilk}colx/ ofx ~ak}ftlx ml uamtaf xfk hc~chlx ml e|kmat |kc aicjlk hfi~ol}c q |kccts|a}lh}|tc/ lk |kc ml ocx iãx hfi~ol}cx |kamcmlx ct}éx}ahcx "eaj|tc 5>!+

Eaj|tc 5>+ Ofx ua}tcolx+

Lo ct}l mlo ua}tco mlxhalkml hoctcilk}l mlo ct}l ck}aj|f mlo ifxcahf q lo lxico}cmf+ Ml ofx ifxcas|ax}cx x|tjl ocamlc ml oc hfi~fxahaøk ml aiãjlklx ifk|ilk}colx c ~ct}at ml ~alpcx xl~ctcmcx ml uamtaf hfoftlcmf+ Hfk lolxico}cmf xl li~olø oc }áhkahc ml |kat lx}cx ~alpcx hfk }atcx ml il}co q xl |xctfk lx}cx }atcx hfif |k lolilk}fdãxahf mlo maxlóf+ Cmliãx mlo lxico}cmf lx}ã lo lxico}l ué}tlf/ hcxa kljtf/ blhbf ml ~fouf ml bltt|idtl q uamtafilphocmfx hfk |k ~ljcilk}f ~ctc eftict |kc ~ak}|tc s|l xl |}aoapc ~ctc mct jtcmfx ml f~colxhlkhac q ml}cooct ocxeaj|tcx+

Oc maultxamcm q uctalmcm ml ofx ua}tcolx lkhfk}tcmfx lk lo xajof RR mlxceéck h|cos|alt mleakahaøk f hocxaeahchaøk+ Lok|luf xajof hfilkpø hfk |k ctmalk}l mlxlf ml efti|oct k|lufx ifmlofx ml lr~tlxaøk ai~lkxcdolx ~ctc ofx ct}ax}cx



mlo ~cxcmf+ Lk oc icqftéc ml ofx ~céxlx l|tf~lfx x|tjlk jt|~fx ml ct}ax}cx s|l tlchhafkck hfk}tc of lx}cdolhamf/hfk |kc tldloméc hcxa cmfolxhlk}l/ ualkmf co i|kmf kc}|tco hfif |kc et|h}éeltc e|lk}l ml k|lucx efticx q if}aufx/oadtl ml cxfhachafklx hfk chcmliacx ct}éx}ahcx mlo cqlt+

Lo ct} kf|ulc|/ lo Ct}x ckm Htce}x/ ]aeeckq q Jc|mé/ oc ~tailtc J|lttc I|kmaco q x| mlickmc ml ulk}ckcxhfkiliftc}aucx hfk if}aufx bax}øtahfx/ cxé hfif oc |}aoapchaøk bfq lk méc hfif ~ct}l ml oc mlhftchaøk mfiáx}ahchfk}tad|qlk c s|l ofx ua}tcolx xajck hfk uamc+ Co lxhtadat lx}l oadtf lk 3118 lx maeéhao xcdlt of s|l ocx jlkltchafklxe|}|tcx hfkxamltctãk hfif ofx ua}tcolx iãx ai~ft}ck}lx/ ~ltf of s|l xali~tl xltã halt}f lx s|l lo ua}tco lx |k ct}l~ah}øtahf s|l mldl ~lkxctxl hfif lo ct}l ml ~ak}ct hfk o|p+ H|cos|alt }áhkahc f ic}ltaco li~olcmf kf hcidac lklxlkhac oc ai~ft}ckhac mlo lelh}f ml tletch}ct/ fxh|tlhlt/ etcjilk}ct q hfoftlct oc o|p/ of h|co xøof xl ofjtc ~ft lx}ct

blhbf hfk uamtafx+ Lo ár}cxax q oc lifhaøk s|l |k ua}tco ~tfm|hl c s|alklx of ulk kf ~fmtéc ofjtctxl lk kakj|kcilmamc xa kf e|ltc ~ft lxf+ Lo uamtaf/ k|lx}tf ~ltxfkc`l ~takha~co/ lx lo ðkahf tlx~fkxcdol ml oc ictcuaooc mlo i|kmfml ofx ua}tcolx+ Xak áo/ ~ak}ct hfk o|p xltéc ~tãh}ahcilk}l ai~fxadol q lo ct}l ml k|lx}tc hauaoapchaøk kf }lkmtéc lxlmakciaxif lk |kc ml x|x ickaelx}chafklx+



UA+ LO UAMTAF LK IÁRAHF

LK OC bax}ftac ml Iárahf mfx hauaoapchafklx bck uauamf q hfidc}amf lk x| }ltta}ftaf q lk lo coic ml hcmcilrahckf+ \kc ftajakctac ml lx}cx }alttcx q f}tc ulkamc ml e|ltc/ ~ltf lktcapcmc }ck ~tfe|kmcilk}l s|l xl hfke|kml

hfk lo xlt iaxif mlo ~|ldof ilrahckf+3 Lk lo akaj|cocdol ifilk}f ml oc Hfks|ax}c/ i|hbf }|ualtfk s|lc~tlkmlt |kfx ml f}tfx/ q oc ick|ech}|tc mlo uamtaf e|l |kf ml ofx c~tlkmapc`lx s|l ofx lx~cófolx maltfk c ofxilrahckfx lk lo xajof RUA+

C|k h|ckmf ~fxléck x|x}ckhacx ~ctc x| locdftchaøk/ hfif xéoahl/ øramfx cohcoakfx q hco/ k|lx}tfx ck}l~cxcmfxakméjlkcx kf ecdtahcdck uamtaf/ Xøof xl cmiatcdck ck}l ofx iakltcolx htax}coakfx ~ft kc}|tcolpc/ s|l xl ~ctlhéck couamtaf lk cx~lh}f q }tckx~ctlkhac/ ~ltf s|l ltck i|q max}ak}fx lk x| m|tlpc q lk oc eftic ml }tcdc`ctofx+

Lo ðkahf uamtaf |}aoapcmf ~ft k|lx}tfx ck}l~cxcmfx ck}lx ml oc Hfks|ax}c e|l lo uamtaf ufohãkahf fxh|tf/ oocicmf ~ftofx }ctcxhfx }pakc~|/ ~ft ofx ilrahcx a}p}oa/ q ~ft kfxf}tfx fdxamackc+ Oc fdxamackc xl bc |}aoapcmf lk k|lx}tf ~céxmlxml bchl iaolx ml cófx lk oc locdftchaøk ml blttcialk}cx hfif ~|k}cx ml eolhbc/ ockpcx q h|hbaoofx7 mlx~|áxli~lpø c }cooctxl q c |}aoapctxl hfif cmftkf "eaj|tc 53!+ C|k h|ckmf lk lo Iárahf ~tlbax~ãkahf kf xl xcdéc høifecdtahct lo uamtaf c ~ct}at ml cthaoocx li~olckmf bftkfx lx~lhacolx/ ofx cp}lhcx of |xcdck q of }tcdc`cdck ~ctc htlct|}lkxaoafx ml j|lttc q ftkcilk}colx7 k|khc xl aicjakctfk s|l oc fdxamackc e|ltc |k uamtaf+ Xak at i|q ol`fx/ bfqi|hbc jlk}l kf xcdl s|l of lx+

Ck}lx ml oc ooljcmc ml ofx lx~cófolx/ ofx cp}lhcx kf xfócdck ka tlif}cilk}l hfk oc }lhkfofjéc q oc akm|x}tac qclx}cdolhamcx lk L|tf~c+ Oc eaofxfeac ml ofx akméjlkcx hfkxamltcdc co }ali~f hfif |k ~lt~l}|f tlhfilkpct ml ocuamc s|l jatcdc lk }ftkf co héth|of }tcpcmf ~ft ofx mafxlx+ Lo }ali~f kf ltc aklt}l/ ltc |k ic}ltaco fetlhamf ~ft ocxmauakamcmlx hfif |kc lx~lhal ml ~cx}lo ml uamc s|l bcdéc s|l maxet|}ct+ ^ocxicdck lk lo ct}l }fmc x| amlfofjéc q kfbcdéc ak}ltáx ~ft oc akm|x}tac+ Hoctf l`li~of ml loof lx oc i|`lt cp}lhc mckmf c o|p/ lx}c}|aooc ml `cml hfkakht|x}chafklx ml fdxamackc s|l tl~tlxlk}c c oc mafxc ml ofx ~ochltlx xlr|colx/ hfkfhamc ~ft ofx cp}lhcx hfifhfilmftc ml dcx|tc/ q s|l c~ctlhl lk oc eaj|tc 53 mckmf c o|p co mafx mlo icép/ }cidaák uakh|ocmf hfk oc ~lka}lkhacq lo xchtaeahaf+

Eaj|tc 53+ I|`lt cp}lhc mckmf c o|p+

]ci~fhf eco}ctfk `ciãx ofx }licx ichcdtfx lk lo ct}l cp}lhc+ Oc hcocultc b|ickc/ xéidfof mlo mafx ml oc i|lt}lIah}ock}lh|b}oa/ e|l }tc}cmc i|hbéxaicx ulhlx lk ocx efticx q ofx ic}ltacolx iãx maultxfx+ Lrax}l |k l`li~oct ml



htax}co ml tfhc "s|l hcx|coilk}l ~fxll lo Dta}axb I|xl|i! s|l kf lx xfocilk}l |kc ~tflpc }áhkahc/ ~|lx kf bcq s|lfouamct s|l xlil`ck}l }tcdc`f e|l l`lh|}cmf hfk akx}t|ilk}fx ml ~almtc q hfdtl/ }cocmtfx ml icmltc q ctlkc if`cmc/xakf s|l }cidaák lx |kc fdtc ml ct}l/ ~|lx ~fxll |kc e|ltpc ai~tlxafkck}l q |kc dloolpc xakalx}tc "eaj|tc 54!+ ^ltflo htax}co ml tfhc/ c|ks|l of ~ctlhl/ kf lx |k uamtaf7 lx |k l`li~of ml ofx iakltcolx s|l |}aoapctfk q s|l xl ~ctlhéckc áo+

Eaj|tc 54+ Hcocultc cp}lhc ml htax}co ml tfhc+

Lo ðkahf uamtaf s|l }tcdc`ctfk e|l oc fdxamackc/ s|l lk Iárahf xl lkh|lk}tc lk uctacx }fkcoamcmlx0 tf`apc/ cp|ocmc/ultml fxh|tf q kljtc+ ]fmcx ~|lmlk xlt |}aoapcmcx/ ~ltf ocx s|l iãx xl }tcdc`ctfk e|ltfk oc ultml fxh|tf q oc kljtc+Lx}c tfhc ~|lml lkhfk}tctxl lk lo x|lof cdalt}f xak kakj|kc maeah|o}cm/ ~ltf xa xl s|altl fd}lklt fdxamackc ml il`fthcoamcm bcq s|l d|xhctoc c iãx ~tfe|kmamcm lk oc }alttc+ Xcdalkmf lx}f/ ofx akméjlkcx lr~of}ctfk iakcx hfif oc mloHlttf ml ocx Kcuc`cx/ lk lo lx}cmf ml Bamcojf/ ~ctc cdcx}lhlt co ucool ml Ckãb|ch ml fdxamackc hfk hctch}ltéx}ahcxø~}aicx ml hfoft/ }lkchamcm q bfifjlklamcm+

Oc fdxamackc xl }tcdc`ø hfk jtck bcdaoamcm ~ctc eftict h|hbaoofx+ ^ctc ofjtct lx}f xl ~tlxafkcdck ~alpcx jtckmlx mlocx h|colx xl mlx~tlkméck lxs|atocx hfk eftic ml h|hbaoof/ s|l }lkéck |k d|lk eaof q s|l/ c|ks|l m|tcdck ~fhf/~fméck |}aoapctxl ~ctc ocdtct ~almtcx/ }tcdc`ct ~alolx/ hft}ct lo hcdloof q cela}ct/ lk ak}ltulkhafklx s|atðtjahcx q ~ctcofx xchtaeahafx b|ickfx+ Ofx hfks|ax}cmftlx lx~cófolx kf fh|o}ctfk x| ~lt~ol`amcm co mlxh|dtat oc }li~ockpc q ocm|op|tc ml ocx hfx}|idtlx ml ofx cp}lhcx q oc ht|lomcm ml x|x ta}fx+ Ltck hc~chlx ml |}aoapct oc fdxamackc }ck}f ~ctculkhlt c oc i|lt}l ilmack}l ak}ltulkhafklx s|atðtjahcx/ hfif ~ctc cq|mctoc c }ta|kect hfk ofx xchtaeahafx c ofxmafxlx+

Uamtaf iakltco hfkxfoamcmf ~ft fdtc mlo xðda}f lketacialk}f ml oc ocuc ufohãkahc/ oc fdxamackc xl hfkuat}aø lkilthckhéc x|k}|ctac ~ctc oc htlchaøk ml iãxhctcx q oc mlhftchaøk ml hcocultcx b|ickcx "eaj|tc 58!+ Cmliãx/ i|qdalk ~|oamc xltuéc ml lx~l`f+ Áx}l xali~tl bc oocicmf oc c}lkhaøk lk oc bax}ftac ml oc b|ickamcm/ ~fts|l lx oc ðkahceftic ml xcdlt høif kfx ulk eéxahcilk}l ofx mliãx+



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c bchlt uamtacmfx ml ~ofif hfoftlcmfx/ ilphockmf hfk x| ic}ltac ~taic øramf ml hfdtl/ balttf q ickjcklxf+ Lohfkfhaialk}f ml lx}c ct}lxckéc xl lr}lkmaø c Hbakc/ lk mfkml c~ctlhlk ocx ~tailtcx ~alpcx lk lo cóf <>> c+H+Mlx~|áx/ ofx hbakfx ~ltelhhafkctfk lo bftkf ml hfhhaøk/ lk lo h|co cohckpctfk }li~ltc}|tcx iãx co}cx "3 44>°H! mlocx s|l bcdéck ofjtcmf ofx lja~hafx "3 ><>°H!+ Hfk lx}f mlxc~ctlhaø oc }lkmlkhac c cjtal}ctxl lk ofx fd`l}fxhltãiahfx/ s|l ltc |kf ml ofx jtckmlx ~tfdolicx+ Li~olckmf |kc }li~ltc}|tc ml hfhhaøk x|eahalk}lilk}l co}c xl~|lml bchlt |k uamtacmf m|tcmltf q xc}axech}ftaf+ Coj|kcx ml ocx hltãiahcx ~taia}aucx hbakcx uamtacmcx hfk ~ofifxl bck u|lo}f atamaxhlk}lx hfif tlx|o}cmf ml oc mlxhfi~fxahaøk mlo uamtacmf q ch}|coilk}l ~tlxlk}ck |k cx~lh}fmax}ak}f co ftajakco+

Ofx hfi~|lx}fx ml ~ofif xfk hfi|klx lk oc kc}|tcolpc lk eftic ml x|oe|tf f jcolkc/ ~ft of s|l kf tl~tlxlk}ø

kakjðk ~tfdolic |}aoapctof hfif ic}ltac ~taic+ Lo uamtacmf ml ~ofif kf xøof lx iãx xlkhaoof ml c~oahct q iãxm|tcmltf/ }cidaák lx i|hbf iãx dloof q xl ~|lml bchlt hfk ~fhfx ic}ltacolx+ Ofx coectltfx ilmalucolx ml L|tf~cxai~olilk}l lx~fouftlcdck jcolkc xfdtl ofx hchbcttfx bðilmfx/ ofjtckmf cxé |kc hc~c ml ~ofif ~ctc eftict |kuamtacmf xfdtl oc ~alpc hfhamc+ Xa ilphocifx mfx ~ct}lx ml øramf ml ~ofif hfk |kc ~ct}l ml ctlkc ~|oultapcmc q|kc ml cthaooc/ h|qfx hfi~fklk}lx il}ãoahfx ol mctãk halt}f hfoft/ eãhaoilk}l hfkxlj|atlifx |k uamtacmf+ \kccthaooc tahc lk balttf jlkltctã ~alpcx ml hfoft icttøk f ãidct/ ml c~ctalkhac xaiaoct c oc hltãiahc tðx}ahc hfiðk lkocx h|o}|tcx ilxfciltahckcx "eaj|tc 5:!+

Eaj|tc 55+ Iãxhctc ml `cml hfk f`fx ml fdxamackc "^colks|l!+

Eaj|tc 5:+ Ucxa`c ~tlhfofidakc ml dcttf hfhamf "Iárahf fhhamlk}co!+ Uamtacmf tf`apf+

EFTICHAØK MLO UAMTACMF



Bchlt |k uamtacmf xfdtl hltãiahc lx tloc}aucilk}l xlkhaoof+ Ocx ic}ltacx ~taicx s|l xl |}aoapck xfk ~foufx i|qeakfx ilphocmfx hfk cj|c ~ctc eftict |kc ~cx}c/ s|l co c~oahctoc xfdtl oc x|~lteahal ml oc hltãiahc eftic |kc hc~cmlojcmc q |kaeftil+ H|ckmf oc hltãiahc xl h|lhl co tf`f uauf f iãx hfialkpck c ~tfm|hatxl hcidafx q xl eftic louamtacmf+ H|cos|alt ic}ltaco ufoã}ao xl mlxftdl q xøof s|lmck ofx øramfx/ s|l hfilkpctãk c tlchhafkcts|éiahcilk}l hfkeftil xl lolul oc }li~ltc}|tc+ Oc e|xaøk xl ~tfm|hl jtcm|coilk}l hfk lo }tc}cialk}f }átiahf+ Co~takha~af xltã |kc tlchhaøk lk}tl mfx tlch}aufx/ c oc s|l mlx~|áx xl uck akhft~ftckmf ofx mliãx øramfx bcx}c s|l}fmfx xl e|kmlk q ~altmlk x| amlk}amcm ~ctc mct |k ~tfm|h}f eakco/ s|l h|ckmf xl lketéc lx |kc icxc xøoamc ml uamtafs|l tlh|dtl oc hltãiahc+

Lo uamtacmf lx |kc ilphoc hfi~ol`c ml ofx max}ak}fx øramfx/ iãx s|l |k hfi~|lx}f s|éiahf ml hfi~fxahaøkmleakamc+ H|ckmf ofx uamtacmfx xl e|kmlk xfdtl ~cx}cx ml cthaooc bcq xali~tl |kc tlchhaøk lk}tl ofx mfx/lx~lhacoilk}l lk oc hltãiahc/ mfkml xl eftic halt}c hck}amcm ml uamtaf h|ckmf xl chlthc co ~|k}f ml ua}taeahchaøk lklo bftkf+ Lo uamtacmf eo|amf s|l xl ol c~oahc lkhaic ~|lml tlchhafkct hfk lo s|l xl eftic lk oc cthaooc+ Lk}tl cidfxxl ~tfm|hl |kc pfkc ak}ltilmac oocicmc ak}ltecp+ Oc tlchhaøk s|l xl ooluc c hcdf lk lx}c pfkc xatul ~ctc s|l louamtacmf xl cmbaltc eatililk}l c oc ~cx}c ml oc cthaooc+ Lk oc ~fthlockc "eaj|tc 52! lx maeéhao lx}cdolhlt lo oéia}l lks|l }ltiakc oc cthaooc q hfialkpc lo uamtacmf/ ~fts|l lk lx}l hcxf xfk i|q ~ctlhamfx+ Oc hltãiahc ml dc`f e|ljf kfcohckpc }li~ltc}|tcx i|q co}cx q kf xl ~tfm|hl oc eftichaøk mlo uamtaf lk oc cthaooc/ ~ft of s|l bcq ~fhc tlchhaøkhfk lo uamtacmf/ of s|l xl }tcm|hl lk oc maeah|o}cm ml chf~octxl+

Eaj|tc 52+ ^alpc uamtacmc ml ~fthlockc+

Lo ~tailt hcidaf lelh}auf m|tck}l oc hfhhaøk lx oc ufoc}aoapchaøk mlo hctdfkf q lo cp|etl+ C oc }li~ltc}|tc mlo tf`fuauf/ lo hctdfkc}f hãohahf "HcHF8! xl hfkualt}l lk øramf ml hcohaf "HcF!+ Mlx~|áx ml s|l xl bc cohckpcmf lx}c}li~ltc}|tc ofx uamtacmfx hfialkpck c xak}ltapctxl/ lx}f lx/ xl cjofiltck xfdtl oc hltãiahc ~ctc eftict |ktlh|dtaialk}f }lkcp+ Oc xak}ltapchaøk lx ~tfufhcmc ~ft lo hfialkpf ml oc e|xaøk ml coj|kfx ml ofx akjtlmalk}lx mlouamtaf+ Lk ocx ~tailtcx l}c~cx ml oc e|xaøk lo uamtacmf xl bchl i|q t|jfxf q ~|lml cjtal}ctxl/ hfif lo dcttf coxlhctxl+ C ilmamc s|l cuckpc oc e|xaøk q lo uamtacmf xl bchl iãx oés|amf/ xl ~fxctã lk |kc hc~c oaxc xfdtl ochltãiahc+ M|tck}l oc e|xaøk/ oc icqftéc ml ofx uamtacmfx ~cxck c }tcuáx ml |kc l}c~c ml ld|ooahaøk/ dftdf}lckmf

hfif of bctéc lo cj|c q eftickmf jtckmlx ci~foocx s|l xl oluck}ck q tfi~lk hfif d|td|`cx ml hbahol dfidc+Kfticoilk}l lx}cx ci~foocx c~ctlhlk h|ckmf oc e|xaøk lx hfi~ol}c+ Lo mlxcttfoof ml ~ls|lócx d|td|`cx lk louamtacmf e|kmamf cq|mc c ilphoctof+ Xa lo d|td|`lf xaj|l h|ckmf li~alpc lo lketacialk}f/ xl ~|lmlk jlkltctmlelh}fx+

H|ckmf lo uamtacmf lx}ã e|kmamf q ~tøraif c x| }li~ltc}|tc ml icm|tchaøk lx |k oés|amf uaxhfxf lr}lkmamfoaxcilk}l xfdtl oc x|~lteahal ml oc hltãiahc+ Lx lx~lxf q ~ljc`fxf/ i|q ~ctlhamf c oc ialo f ilocpc+ H|ckmf oc}li~ltc}|tc hfialkpc c dc`ct/ ofx uamtacmfx xl lketéck q xl xfoamaeahck jtcm|coilk}l+

OC HFI^FXAHAØK MLO UAMTACMF



Oc icqftéc ml ofx ic}ltacolx ~ctc lo uamtacmf xl mltauck ml tfhcx q iakltcolx hfi|klx s|l xl fd}alklk eãhaoilk}lml oc kc}|tcolpc+ Mlk}tf ml ofx ic}ltacolx/ xøof ofx hfi~|lx}fx ml ~ofif q dctaf xfk }ørahfx+ Coj|kfx xfkhã|x}ahfx/ ~ft of s|l xl mldl lua}ct lo hfk}ch}f ~tfofkjcmf hfk oc ~alo+ ]cidaák lx ai~ft}ck}l kf tlx~atct lo ~foufml xéoahl/ ~fts|l ~|lml hc|xct xaoahfxax/ |kc lkeltilmcm ml ofx ~|oifklx+ Ofx ic}ltacolx ~ctc lo uamtacmf kf xlml}ltaftck ka lk lx}cmf dt|}f ka h|ckmf xl ilphock q ~|lmlk j|ctmctxl akmleakamcilk}l+

Jtck ~ct}l ml ofx ic}ltacolx }lttlx}tlx/ akho|amfx cs|loofx s|l |}aoapcifx ~ctc ofx uamtacmfx/ xl lkh|lk}tck lk efticml øramfx+ \k øramf ~|lml mleakatxl hfif oc hfidakchaøk s|éiahc ml h|cos|alt lolilk}f hfk fréjlkf/ lo h|co lxi|q cd|kmck}l lk k|lx}tf ~ockl}c+ Lk lo h|txf mlo }ali~f jlfoøjahf oc icqftéc ml ofx lolilk}fx ml oc hft}lpc}lttlx}tl bck lk}tcmf lk hfidakchaøk hfk áo c }tcuáx ml tlchhafklx ml framchaøk/ elkøilkf dcx}ck}l hfkfhamf lk

il}colx hfif lo balttf+ ]fmfx xcdlifx s|l |kc ~alpc ml balttf xl framctã xa oc ml`cifx c oc ak}li~ltal/ q~fxadolilk}l }fmfx xlcifx hc~chlx ml tlhfkfhlt oc bltt|idtl+

Hfif fh|ttl hfk i|hbcx f}tcx tlchhafklx s|éiahcx/ oc framchaøk xl echaoa}c hfk lo hcoft+ H|ckmf oc hft}lpc ml oc]alttc lx}cdc cðk hcoalk}l/ oc framchaøk ml ofx lolilk}fx s|l oc hfi~fkéck e|l iãx tã~amc q hfi~ol}c/ ~ft of h|cohcxa }fmfx ofx ic}ltacolx s|l kfx lkhfk}tcifx lk eftic kc}|tco xfk øramfx+

Lo lx}|maf q hfk}tfo mlo uamtacmf lx i|hbf iãx xlkhaoof q hfi~tlkxadol xa xl ol hfkxamltc lk x| lx}cmf eakco+Mlx~|áx ml hcolk}ctxl q e|kmatxl lo uamtacmf s|lmc efticmf ~ft lolilk}fx lk eftic ml øramfx+ Kf fouamlifx s|lofx øramfx lk |k uamtacmf hfhamf xfk maeltlk}lx ml ocx ic}ltacx ~taicx s|l hfidakcifx/ ~fts|l ~ft chhaøk mlohcoft fh|ttlk tlchhafklx/ q m|tck}l oc hfhhaøk coj|kfx hfkx}a}|qlk}lx xl ufoc}aoapck hfk icqft echaoamcm s|l f}tfx/hcidackmf hfk lx}f oc hfi~fxahaøk eakco+

Ofx øramfx s|l ak}ltualklk lk lo uamtacmf xfk ml xfmaf/ dctaf/ oa}af/ lx}tfkhaf/ ck}aifkaf/ dftf/ hakh q ~ofif/cmliãx ml coðiakc/ }a}ckac q xéoahl+ Hcmc |kf }alkl x| hfk}tad|haøk ~ct}ah|oct+ Lo hcohaf q lo lx}tfkhaf/ cxé hfif loxfmaf q lo ~f}cxaf/ dc`ck oc }li~ltc}|tc ml e|xaøk ml oc ilphoc+ Oc xéoahl lx/ hfk i|hbf/ oc iãx ai~ft}ck}l ml ocoax}c+ Xa ~lkxcifx s|l cotlmlmft ml 5>, ml oc hft}lpc }lttlx}tl lx ml xéoahl/ kfx ~fmtlifx mct |kc amlc ml ocm|tcdaoamcm q tlxax}lkhac co hcidaf s|éiahf ml lx}l øramf/ ~tf~almcmlx i|q mlxlcdolx ~ctc ofx uamtacmfx+ Cmliãx/oc xéoahl }alkl |k dc`f hfleahalk}l ml maoc}chaøk/ hfif uaifx lk hc~é}|ofx ck}ltaftlx/ of h|co cq|mc c lua}ct mlelh}fxlk lo uamtacmf+ ^ft }fmf lx}f lx lo ic}ltaco ~takha~co mlo uamtacmf+ Ofx f}tfx tlch}aufx xfk ifmaeahcmftlx/ s|lh|i~olk oc e|khaøk ml cq|mct c oc xéoahl c e|kmatxl c |kc }li~ltc}|tc akeltaft c oc s|l tls|ltatéc xa lx}|ualtc xfoc+Oc coðiakc ol mc uaxhfxamcm/ lua}ckmf s|l lo uamtacmf e|kmamf hfttc bchac cdc`f ml ocx ~ctlmlx ml ofx hchbcttfx+ Xl|}aoapc lk hck}amcmlx ~ls|lócx/ q ~takha~coilk}l hfk}tad|ql c il`ftct ocx ~tf~almcmlx ~ctc }tcdc`ctof+ Lxtletch}ctac/ ~tfull uaxhfxamcm cmahafkco/ lua}c oc htax}coapchaøk q cq|mc c }lklt iãx m|tlpc/ m|tcdaoamcm q tlxax}lkhac+

Coj|kcx ml ocx ic}ltacx ~taicx iãx ai~ft}ck}lx li~olcmcx lk lo uamtacmf xfk0

^lmltkco/ hfi~|lx}f ml xéoahl/ hocxaeahcmf hfif |kc uctalmcm ml h|ctpf+ Xl i|lol bcx}c fd}lklt |k ~fouf eakf/akxfo|dol q s|éiahcilk}l aklt}l+

Cthaooc/ lx oc e|lk}l ml xéoahl q coðiakc+ Ch}ðc hfif x|x~lkxauf lk lo dcóf mlo uamtacmf+

Elomlx~c}f/ s|l ~tf~fthafkc lo ic}ltaco e|kmlk}l+ Lx}ã efticmf ~ft |kc ~ct}l cohcoakc ml xfmaf/ ~f}cxaf f hcohaf/ q~ft coðiakc iãx xéoahl+

Mfofia}c/ iakltco kc}|tco s|l hfk}alkl hctdfkc}fx ml hcohaf q icjklxaf lk ~tf~fthafklx ls|aucolk}lx+

Hfolicka}c/ iakltco kc}|tco s|l hfk}alkl hcohaf q dftf akxfo|dolx+ Lx lo |kaeahck}l ml øramf døtahf lk efticakxfo|dol+ H|ckmf xl |}aoapc hfif ~takha~co e|kmlk}l ol mc co uamtacmf |kc }lr}|tc tf}c/ if}lcmc/ dtaoock}l q hfki|hbf hfoftamf+

Hlkapc ml b|lxfx/ hfi~|lx}c ~takha~coilk}l ~ft efxec}f q hctdfkc}f ml hcohaf+ Lx |k f~chaeahck}l q |kc e|lk}l mlhcohaf+ Ofx uamtacmfx ml oc hltãiahc hbakc Hb|k ml oc makcx}éc X|kj hfk}alklk cmliãx eøxeftf q x| f~colxhlkhac xlmldl ~tlhaxcilk}l c oc ~tlxlkhac ml hlkapc ml b|lxfx m|tck}l oc e|xaøk+

Htafoa}c/ efticmc ~ft eo|ft|tf ml co|iakaf q xfmaf+ ^tf~fthafkc xfmaf ml ickltc kc}|tco/ ~ltf ~|lml hc|xctmaeah|o}cmlx xa xl li~olc lk lrhlxf ~fts|l ~tfufhc |kc ~ftfxamcm hc~aoct s|l ~ahc co uamtacmf+

Døtcr/ ic}ltaco xfo|dol s|l echaoa}c oc e|xaøk ~fts|l dc`c lo ~|k}f ml e|xaøk q bchl iãx eo|amc oc ilphoc+



Oc jtck uctalmcm ml uamtacmfx q oc maultxamcm ml ocx }li~ltc}|tcx c ocx h|colx xl e|kmlk xl ofjtc ilphockmf lx}fxic}ltacolx lk maeltlk}lx ~tf~fthafklx+ Hcmc |kf }alkl x| e|khaøk ~ct}ah|oct+ Lo øramf ml xfmaf lx i|q ch}aufs|éiahcilk}l q ch}ðc hfif e|kmlk}l lk ofx uamtacmfx+ Lx i|q ð}ao c ~ct}at ml oc pfkc iãx dc`c ml }li~ltc}|tcx/ qol mc iãx e|ltpc q dtaoock}lp c ofx hfoftlx s|l ~tfm|hlk ofx øramfx il}ãoahfx hfoftck}lx+ Oc mlxulk}c`c lx x| co}fhfleahalk}l ml maoc}chaøk/ s|l bchl s|l ofx uamtacmfx co}fx lk øramf ml xfmaf xl cjtal}lk xfdtl oc icqftéc ml ocx~cx}cx hltãiahcx7 cmliãx/ xfk dockmfx q mlxjcx}cdolx+ Of iaxif fh|ttl hfk lo øramf ml ~f}cxaf+ Lo hcohaf/ lo oa}af/lo lx}tfkhaf/ lo ck}aifkaf/ lo hakh q lo dctaf ch}ðck hfif e|kmlk}lx ml ickltc i|q xaiaoct7 lo øramf ml dftf efticdftc}fx s|l ~tfm|hlk oc maoc}chaøk mlo uamtacmf/ cq|mckmf c oc hfttlhhaøk ml cjtal}cialk}fx+ Lo øramf ml ~ofif lxlo e|kmlk}l iãx ai~ft}ck}l ml }fmfx+

LO ØRAMF ML ^OFIF

Oc icqftéc ml ofx uamtacmfx ml }fmf lo i|kmf hfk}alklk ~ofif hfif ~takha~co tlch}auf e|kmlk}l+ Lx lo iãx ð}ao qhfkeacdol lk ocx pfkcx ml }li~ltc}|tcx co}cx q ilmackcx+ ]alkl |k hfleahalk}l ml maoc}chaøk dcx}ck}l dc`f s|l bchls|l ofx uamtacmfx ml ~ofif xl chf~olk eãhaoilk}l c oc icqftéc ml ocx ~cx}cx hltãiahcx xak ~tlxlk}ct cjtal}cialk}fx+Lx ucoafxf ~ft x| eacdaoamcm/ ~fts|l e|kml jtcm|co q x|culilk}l/ ~tfm|halkmf ct}éh|ofx oadtlx ml ai~ltelhhafklx qhfk hfoftlx uaufx/ dtaoock}lx q ~tfe|kmfx+ ^ft lkhaic ml 3 4>>°H xl ufoc}aoapc+

Hfif kcmc lx ~ltelh}f lk lx}c uamc/ lo øramf ml ~ofif }alkl oc lkftil mlxulk}c`c ml xlt ulklkfxf+ Lolkulklkcialk}f ~ft ~ofif xl mldl c s|l xl ak}tfm|hlk q ch|i|ock lk lo h|lt~f hfi~|lx}fx s|l of hfk}alklk+ Xaxl akjaltlk ~ls|lócx hck}amcmlx ~ft }ali~f ~tfofkjcmf ~|lmlk cohckpctxl kaulolx hté}ahfx/ q |kc ulp s|l xl il}l coh|lt~f b|ickf lx i|q maeéhao xchctof+ Lk Akjoc}lttc/ m|tck}l lo xajof ~cxcmf/ xl ~tlxlk}ctfk }ck}fx hcxfx ml}tcdc`cmftlx ml oc hltãiahc ~tf~lkxfx co lkulklkcialk}f ~ft }tcdc`ct hfk uamtacmfx ml ~ofif/ s|l xl lx}cdolhaltfkkfticx ~tfbadalkmf lo |xf ml lx}fx hfi~|lx}fx+ Oc ak}frahchaøk ~ft ~ofif lx |kc h|lx}aøk xltac q mldl }lkltxli|hbf h|amcmf h|ckmf xl }tcdc`c hfk uamtacmfx q }fict ocx ~tlhc|hafklx lxlkhacolx ~ctc lua}ct lo ~tfdolic+

F}tf cx~lh}f ml lx}l ~tfdolic lx s|l coj|kfx uamtacmfx ml ~ofif/ mlx~|áx ml hfhamfx xfdtl oc hltãiahc/ xfkxfo|dolx lk ãhamfx mádaolx+ Lk hfkxlh|lkhac ~|lmlk maxfoultxl hck}amcmlx c~tlhacdolx ml ~ofif lk coailk}fx hfif

`|jfx ml et|}cx f uakcjtl+ ^ltf lx}f kf fh|ttl lk }fmfx ofx uamtacmfx+ Ml blhbf/ xøof x|hlml hfk ofx s|l xl bck}tcdc`cmf akcmlh|cmcilk}l+ Ofx ðkahfx uamtacmfx ml ~ofif s|l xfk ~loajtfxfx ~ctc oc xco|m xfk cs|loofx s|lhfk}alklk |k lrhlxf ml ~ofif lk tlochaøk hfk oc xéoahl q ofx f}tfx øramfx/ q s|l cmliãx bck xamf hfhamfx c}li~ltc}|tcx dc`cx+ ]fmfx ofx mliãx xfk akxfo|dolx lk ãhamfx mádaolx+

Ml lx}c eftic }lklifx mfx ~tfdolicx max}ak}fx0 |kf lx oc hfk}ciakchaøk ml ocx ~ltxfkcx s|l }tcdc`ck hfk loic}ltaco q lo f}tf lx hfk ocx ~ltxfkcx s|l of hfkx|ilk+ Lo coectltf ~|lml hfk}tfoct ofx kaulolx ml hfk}ciakchaøk}fickmf ocx ~tlhc|hafklx klhlxctacx+ Mlxjtchacmcilk}l/ lo hfkx|iamft kf ~|lml c~tlhact c xai~ol uax}c xa |kcucxa`c lx ~f}lkhacoilk}l ~loajtfxc/ of s|l bc hc|xcmf |k tlhlof hfi~tlkxadol lk ofx hfi~tcmftlx ml hltãiahc+ Lx}flx ocilk}cdol ~fts|l oc akilkxc icqftéc ml ofx uamtacmfx ml hltãiahc/ akho|qlkmf ofx ml ~ofif/ xfk ~ltelh}cilk}lxlj|tfx+ Lo jfdaltkf ilrahckf bc mlhamamf s|l lo ~ofif kf ~|lml |}aoapctxl iãx lk fd`l}fx ct}lxckcolx mlx}akcmfxco hfkx|if ml coailk}fx/ of h|co tl~tlxlk}c |k ~tfdolic ~fts|l ofx coectltfx ilrahckfx bck |}aoapcmf lo ~ofifmlxml bchl i|hbcx jlkltchafklx/ q kf ~ctlhl xlkhaoof lkhfk}tct |k e|kmlk}l co}ltkc}auf hfk lx}cx hctch}ltéx}ahcx+

LO ^\K]F ML E\XAØK MLO UAMTACMF

\k iaxif uamtacmf kf ~|lml xltuat ~ctc }fmcx ocx hltãiahcx+ Lx akmax~lkxcdol }lklt |kc jtck uctalmcm mlhfi~fxahafklx/ ~fts|l oc hltãiahc xl h|lhl lk |kc ci~oac jcic ml }li~ltc}|tcx+ \k iaxif uamtacmf kf lxxc}axech}ftaf ~ctc }fmcx ocx }li~ltc}|tcx/ qc s|l |kf s|l e|kml c dc`cx }li~ltc}|tcx xl ufoc}apc f eo|ql q xl xl~ctcml ocx ucxa`cx c co}cx }li~ltc}|tcx+ F}tc tcpøk ~ctc ocx k|iltfxcx hfi~fxahafklx lx oc mlickmc ml maeltlk}lxh|coamcmlx lk oc x|~lteahal+ Ofx uamtacmfx ~|lmlk xlt uaufx f c~cjcmfx/ f~chfx f }tckx~ctlk}lx/ dtaoock}lx/ ic}lx/jt|lxfx f mlojcmfx/ ml~lkmalkmf ml oc eøti|oc+

Lk oc eftichaøk ml ofx uamtacmfx xl ilphock mfx f iãx øramfx7 x| ~|k}f ml e|xaøk lx ai~ft}ck}l lk lo ifilk}f ml}tcdc`ctofx+ H|ckmf mfx øramfx xl ilphock/ x| ~|k}f ml e|xaøk lx hfkxamltcdolilk}l ilkft s|l lo ml ofx øramfxakmauam|colx+ Oc ~tf~fthaøk ml ofx øramfx c oc s|l lo ~|k}f ml e|xaøk lx iékaif xl ol mlkfiakc ~|k}f l|}áh}ahf+Hfif l`li~of ~fmlifx ha}ct |kc ilphoc ml daxaoahc}f xømahf q xéoahl/ h|qfx ~|k}fx ml e|xaøk xfk 2:= q 3 :>>°H/tlx~lh}aucilk}l+ Lo ~|k}f l|}áh}ahf lx}ã lk :21°H/ hfif xl c~tlhac lk oc eaj|tc 51+ Oc hfi~fxahaøk ml ofx øramfxmldl hfk}tfoctxl ml ickltc s|l lo uamtacmf e|kmc q eftil |kc hc~c ué}tlc oaxc xfdtl oc hltãiahc+



Eaj|tc 51+ ^|k}f c|}áh}ahf ml oc ilphoc ml xaoahc}f ml xfmaf q xéoahl+

Hfkfhlt q ickl`ct lo ~|k}f ml e|xaøk lx ai~ft}ck}l/ q lx klhlxctaf }fict lk h|lk}c s|l lo c|ilk}f mlo hfk}lkamfml e|kmlk}lx ch}aufx cq|mc c }lklt |k ~|k}f ml e|xaøk cmlh|cmf+ Oc maxiak|haøk mlo hfk}lkamf ml xéoahl q coðiakccq|mc c fd}lklt |k il`ft uamtacmf+ Xa ofx ic}ltacolx xl i|lolk of iãx eakcilk}l ~fxadol/ oc ua}taeahchaøk xl echaoa}c/q xa xl cócml øramf ml hakh lk ~ls|lócx hck}amcmlx ~|lml e|khafkct hfif ~tfif}ft ml oc e|xaøk ml f}tfx øramfx+ Lkoc eaj|tc :> xl ~tlxlk}ck ofx max}ak}fx e|kmlk}lx+ Lx}c jtãeahc lx c~tfraicmc/ qc s|l kf }fic lk h|lk}c oc

ak}ltchhaøk lk}tl ofx øramfx/ s|l lx tlcoilk}l lo ech}ft s|l hfk}tfoc oc e|xaøk mlo uamtacmf+ Lk looc ulifx s|l/ cilmamc s|l c|ilk}c oc }li~ltc}|tc/ ofx e|kmlk}lx iãx ch}aufx hfif ofx øramfx ml ~ofif/ xfxc q ~f}cxc/ mldlklx}ct ~tlxlk}lx lk hck}amcm mlhtlhalk}l/ ialk}tcx s|l ofx ilkfx ch}aufx/ hfif ofx øramfx ml hcohaf q icjklxaf/~|lmlk c|ilk}ctxl+ Lk oc eaj|tc :3 xl i|lx}tck ilmamcx ~tfdcdolx ml xéoahl q coðiakc c maeltlk}lx }li~ltc}|tcx mlicm|tchaøk+ Oc hck}amcm ml cidcx c|ilk}c hfkeftil xl akhtlilk}c oc }li~ltc}|tc+ Lk ofx uamtacmfx lo hfk}lkamfml xéoahl q coðiakc lx xali~tl hté}ahf/ qc s|l oc hck}amcm ml xéoahl lk tlochaøk hfk ofx ifk}fx ml e|kmlk}lxhfidakcmfx lx lo ech}ft s|l hfk}tfoc ~takha~coilk}l lo ~|k}f ml e|xaøk+ Oc hck}amcm ml coðiakc }alkl/ xali~tl/ |kcakeo|lkhac xajkaeahc}auc xfdtl oc }lr}|tc ml oc x|~lteahal mlo uamtacmf+ ^fhc xéoahl bctã dockmf lo uamtacmf7 mlicxacmccoðiakc ~tfufhctã cx~ltlpcx/ tcqfklx q uamtacmfx ic}lx q f~chfx+



Eaj|tc :>+ Hck}amcm ml e|kmlk}l klhlxctac lk |k uamtacmf+

Eaj|tc :3+ Hck}amcm ml xéoahl q coðiakc li~olcmc lk ofx uamtacmfx+

OC ]LR]\TC

Kf }fmfx ofx uamtacmfx xfk }tckx~ctlk}lx l akhfoftfx+ Bcq |kc jtck uctalmcm ml }lr}|tcx q hfoftlx s|l ml~lkml mlofx ic}ltacolx q ofx }tc}cialk}fx ml hfhhaøk+ H|ckmf xfk }tckx~ctlk}lx ~fmlifx iatct c }tcuáx ml loofx q ult oc~cx}c ml oc cthaooc/ ~ltf lk fhcxafklx xfk f~chfx q }alklk lo lelh}f ml |k uamtaf fxh|tf q mlxo|x}tcmf/ fh|o}ckmf ofs|l bcq dc`f áo+ Oc f~chamcm mlo uamtacmf xl mldl f dalk c oc kc}|tcolpc mlo iaxif/ f c oc ~tlxlkhac ml cjlk}lx



f~chaeahck}lx+

Oc }tckx~ctlkhac ~|lml hfkxamltctxl lo lx}cmf kftico/ ~ft s|l xa |k uamtacmf lx hfhamf bcx}c x| icm|tchaøk q }fmfxx|x øramfx cohckpck lo lx}cmf ml e|xaøk hfi~ol}c/ xltã kfticoilk}l hoctf q }tckx~ctlk}l+ Ofx uamtacmfxaketchfhamfx f hfhamfx ml ilkfx xfk f~chfx ~fts|l kf lx}ãk hfi~ol}cilk}l e|kmamfx/ q cojðk ic}ltaco xak e|kmat~|lml lx}ct eof}ckmf lk lo uamtacmf+ Lx}fx xl choctctãk q xl bctãk }tckx~ctlk}lx xa oc hfhhaøk hfk}akðc bcx}c lo ~|k}fml x| hfi~ol}c e|xaøk+ F}tc hc|xc ml f~chamcm xfk ocx d|td|`cx c}tc~cmcx+ Lo lelh}f lx ckãofjf c oc lx~|ic lk locj|c/ s|l ~|lml ~tfm|hat f~chamcm xak cócmat kakj|kc ~ct}éh|oc xøoamc tlco+ Ocx d|td|`cx lk ofx uamtacmfx xfkhfiðkilk}l hc|xcmcx ~ft lo mlx~tlkmaialk}f ml jcxlx ml ofx ic}ltacolx ufoã}aolx7 co loluct oc }li~ltc}|tc xlhfi~ol}c lx}c tlchhaøk q xl choctc lo uamtacmf+ Lo mlxcttfoof ml htax}colx co ~cxct mlo lx}cmf oés|amf co xøoamf lx f}tf

if}auf ml f~chamcm7 oc ~tlxlkhac ml coðiakc ofx lua}c+ Ofx uamtacmfx s|l xfk f~chfx hfif tlx|o}cmf ml ocaketchfhhaøk/ f~colxhlkhac/ tletchhaøk/ mlxua}taeahchaøk f mlxls|aoadtaf ml ofx øramfx/ xl ~|lmlk choctct xa oc hfhhaøkxl ooluc c |k jtcmf x|eahalk}l ml hcolk}cialk}f+

Hfk}tfoct oc }li~ltc}|tc lk ofx bftkfx lx i|q hfi~oahcmf/ ~ft of s|l xa xl mlxlc oc f~colxhlkhac/ of il`ft lxcócmat cjlk}lx f~chaeahck}lx+ Ofx iãx hfi|klx xfk lo øramf ml lx}cóf q lo ml hathfkaf+ ]alklk dc`c xfo|daoamcm lklo uamtaf q ~lticklhlk lk lo uamtacmf lketacmf hfif maiak|}cx ~ct}éh|ocx x|x~lkmamcx+ Lo øramf ml lx}cóf lx loic}ltaco ~tleltamf hfif f~chaeahck}l q bchl ~fxadolx ofx uamtacmfx ml hfoft dockhf7 mc |kc }lr}|tc x|cul qcjtcmcdol/ tlcopckmf ofx hfoftlx mltaucmfx ml oc icqftéc ml ofx øramfx hfoftck}lx+ Lo øramf ml hathfkaf }cidaákf~chc/ ~ltf ~tfufhc |kc }lr}|tc iãx t|jfxc q kf ecuftlhl halt}fx hfoftlx/ hfif x|hlml hfk lo øramf ml lx}cóf+

Ofx uamtacmfx xliaf~chfx xfk cs|loofx s|l tlulock ~cthacoilk}l of s|l bcq dc`f loofx+ Xfk ofx iãx c}tch}aufx

~fts|l i|lx}tck q c oc ulp fh|o}ck+ Lx maeéhao hfk}tfoctofx+ Lo lx~lxft ml oc hc~c q oc }li~ltc}|tc ml hfhhaøk xlhfkualt}lk lk ech}ftlx hté}ahfx+ Ofx s|l xl fd}alklk hfk iãx ára}f xfk ofx s|l xl bchlk cócmalkmf ~ls|lócxhck}amcmlx ml øramf ml lx}cóf f ml hathfkaf/ c |k uamtacmf dcxl lxlkhacoilk}l hoctf q }tckx~ctlk}l+

Ocx x|~lteahalx ml ofx uamtacmfx ~|lmlk xlt iãx f ilkfx dtaoock}lx/ tleolh}ck}lx f tlo|halk}lx+ Xl mahl s|l |kcx|~lteahal lx ic}l h|ckmf lx}ã c~cjcmc q hctlhl ml dtaoof f tleol`fx+ \k uamtaf f uamtacmf hfi~ol}cilk}l e|kmamf lx~tf~lkxf c }lklt |kc x|~lteahal dtaoock}l tlo|halk}l+ Lx}f xl mldl c s|l lo uamtacmf xl kauloc q coockc h|ckmf xle|kml/ eftickmf |kc x|~lteahal lr}tcftmakctacilk}l oaxc+ Lx}c bfifjlklamcm lx |kc ml x|x hctch}ltéx}ahcx ~tãh}ahcx/qc s|l |kc x|~lteahal |kaeftil lx bajaákahc ~|lx lx eãhaoilk}l oai~acdol+ H|ckmf |k uamtacmf kf xl e|kmlhfi~ol}cilk}l lk oc hfhhaøk/ f xa x| uaxhfxamcm lx }fmcuéc co}c/ oc x|~lteahal }alkml c xlt oajltcilk}l t|jfxc q iãxf ilkfx ic}l+ \k uamtacmf ic}l lx c oc ulp f~chf ~fts|l oc cx~ltlpc ml x| x|~lteahal kf ~ltia}l oc }tckx~ctlkhac+Lo lketacmf olk}f ecuftlhl kc}|tcoilk}l lo uamtacmf ic}l/ lk lx~lhaco xa lx lo tlx|o}cmf ml oc eftichaøk ml htax}colx+

Ofx uamtacmfx ic}lx xfk i|q c}tch}aufx ~ltf }alklk mlxulk}c`cx ~tãh}ahcx ~fts|l xfk maeéhaolx ml oai~act7 c|k cxé/xatulk ~ctc locdftct ~alpcx i|q bltifxcx s|l tlcopck oc eftic ml oc hltãiahc+

LO HFOFT

Ofx uamtacmfx xfdtl hltãiahc/ cmliãx ml mctol |kc x|~lteahal }lkcp/ ai~ltilcdol/ bajaákahc q eãhaoilk}l oai~acdol/}alklk oc uat}|m ml ~fxllt |kc xltal lrhl~hafkcoilk}l ci~oac ml hfoftlx+ Lx}f xl mldl co hfoft ml oc cthaooc/ co hfoftdc`f uamtacmf q s|l ~|lml ultxl/ c }tcuáx ml oc hc~c }tckx~ctlk}l/ c ofx øramfx il}ãoahfx max|lo}fx lk lo uamtaf/ f cocx hc~cx ué}tlcx s|l xl lkh|lk}tck xfdtl x| x|~lteahal+ Oc hc|xc iãx hfiðk q xlkhaooc lx oc ~tlxlkhac ml øramfxmax|lo}fx+ Coj|kfx øramfx ml balttf/ hfdtl/ ickjcklxf q hfdco}f xfk xfo|dolx lk lo uamtaf0 h|ckmf xl max|loulk lkáo ol hfi|kahck |k hfoft hctch}ltéx}ahf+ Oc maxfo|haøk ~|lml xlt hcxa hfi~ol}c q lo lelh}f lk lo uamtacmf chcdcmf~|lml hfi~ctctxl hfk lo lelh}f ml cócmat |k hfoftck}l lk lo cj|c+ Lo hfoft ml h|cos|alt h|lt~f }tckx~ctlk}l lx lo

tlx|o}cmf ml oc cdxfthaøk xlolh}auc ml halt}cx ofkja}|mlx ml fkmc f dckmcx ml hfoft ml oc o|p dockhc+ Coj|kcx dckmcxxl cdxftdlk iãx s|l f}tcx7 lo hfoft s|l ulifx lx lo ml oc dckmc ml hfoft f oc hfidakchaøk ml dckmcx ml hfoftilkfx cdxftdamf+

Lo hfoft s|l ofx øramfx mck c ofx uamtacmfx kf lx}ã ml}ltiakcmf ~ft x| ~tf~af hfoft7 ~fhfx øramfx ~|lmlk |}aoapctxlhfif hfoftck}lx mlo uamtacmf+ ^ctc fd}lklt |k kðiltf hcxa aoaia}cmf ml hfoftlx lx klhlxctaf }fict lk h|lk}c ochck}amcm ml uctacdolx lk x| hfi~fxahaøk/ hfif oc hck}amcm ml øramf hfoftck}l/ oc c~oahchaøk q ocx hfkmahafklx mlhfhhaøk/ l}há}ltc+

OFX HFOFTLX DC@F UAMTACMF

\kf ml ofx cx~lh}fx ecxhakck}lx mlo uamtacmf ml oc hltãiahc lx s|l ofx hfoftlx q hcidafx ml hfoft q }lr}|tc ~|lmlk

c~ctlhlt c maeltlk}lx kaulolx ml oc hc~c ml uamtacmf/ of h|co ol mc |kc ~tfe|kmamcm/ |kc uctalmcm ml hfoft q |kc



o|iakfxamcm i|q ~ct}ah|octlx+ Ofx hfoftlx dc`f uamtacmf xl ulk ml}tãx mlo tlh|dtaialk}f ml uamtaf/ ifx}tãkmfofxhfk hoctamcm f uloãkmfofx ~cthacoilk}l hfk cojðk f}tf hfoft+ Xl c~oahck hfk ~akhlo f ~|oultapãkmfofx xfdtl oc ~cx}cml oc hltãiahc/ mlx~|áx xl tlh|dtlk hfk |k uamtacmf }tckx~ctlk}l+ Ofx ~ajilk}fx |}aoapcmfx mldlk tlxax}at lolidfttfkcialk}f/ oc e|xaøk f lo hfttaialk}f/ s|l ~|lml ~tlxlk}ctxl h|ckmf xl e|kmc lo uamtacmf q eo|qc xfdtl loofx+

Hfk lo eak ml fd}lklt }fmc oc xltal ml ~fxadolx hfoftlx lk ofx ~ajilk}fx dc`f uamtacmf/ xl |}aoapck hfidakchafklx mløramfx ml htfif/ lx}cóf/ hakh/ hfdtl/ hfdco}f/ ck}aifkaf q ~ofif+ ^ctc bchlt hfoftlx dc`f uamtacmf ofx øramfxil}ãoahfx xl hfidakck hfk x|eahalk}l e|kmlk}l q x|eahalk}l ic}ltaco tletch}ctaf/ hfif lo ~lmltkco/ of h|co lua}c s|lxl hfttck f lidfttfklk+ Ofx ic}ltacolx hfidakcmfx xl hcohakck bcx}c s|l xak}ltapck lk |kc icxc m|tc/ ~ltf xake|kmat+ Oc c~oahchaøk lk oc hltãiahc lx matlh}c+ Lo hfoft xl ilphoc hfk cj|c q c ulhlx hfk joahltakc q f}tfx ilmafx

~ctc c|ilk}ct oc hfkxax}lkhac ml oc ~akhlocmc q ~tfm|hat |kc ~loéh|oc ml ~ajilk}fx xlhfx iãx }lkcp+ Ofx hfoftlx xlc~oahck hfif xa e|ltck |kc ch|ctloc/ hfk h|amcmf ml kf xfdtl~fkltofx lk oc ~alpc ml hltãiahc/ ~fts|l lo hfofttlx}ck}l lk lo ~tfm|h}f hfhamf s|apã kf xlc lo lx~ltcmf ml oc ilphoc ml ofx ~ajilk}fx hfttalk}lx+ Mldlk c~oahctxllk hc~cx mlojcmcx/ ~fts|l ml of hfk}tctaf lo uamtacmf ~|lml cttcx}tct lo hfoft+

Oc hocxl ml uamtacmf s|l xl |}aoapc xfdtl lx}fx ~ajilk}fx }alkl |kc akeo|lkhac ai~ft}ck}l lk x| hfoft+ Oc}li~ltc}|tc ml hfhhaøk }cidaák akeo|ql/ ~|lx h|ckmf lx i|q co}c ~|lml c~cjct coj|kfx ml ofx hfoftlx f bchltofxmlxc~ctlhlt hfi~ol}cilk}l+

OFX HFOFTLX XFDTL UAMTACMF

Lo ~tfhlxf ml mlhftchaøk xfdtl uamtacmf ~|lml mauamatxl lk mfx }a~fx+ \kf lx oc mlhftchaøk oolucmc c hcdf lk

uamtacmfx hfoftlcmfx xfdtl |kc x|~lteahal uamtacmc kf hfhamc7 lo f}tf lx oc mlhftchaøk c~oahcmc xfdtl |kc x|~lteahaluamtacmc qc hfhamc/ e|kmaákmfoc c dc`c }li~ltc}|tc+

Oc mlhftchaøk xfdtl |kc x|~lteahal uamtacmc kf hfhamc lx hfkfhamc hfif icqøoahc/ q lx |k }a~f ml ~ak}|tc mluamtacmf xfdtl uamtacmf+ Lo kfidtl ml icqøoahc ualkl ml Icoofthc/ ~fts|l }co ~ctlhl s|l ml lx}c axoc xcoaø oc amlc+Oc hltãiahc xl h|dtl ~tailtf hfk |k uamtacmf ml efkmf/ dockhf f ml hfoft hoctf q f~chf/ ~ctc eftict oc dcxl ml ocmlhftchaøk+ Xfdtl lx}l tlh|dtaialk}f xl c~oahc oc mlhftchaøk hfk uamtacmfx hfoftlcmfx+ H|ckmf xl h|lhl oc ~alpc/ ocftkcilk}chaøk xl e|kml q xl e|xafkc hfk lo uamtacmf mlo efkmf+ Ocx mlhftchafklx ml icqøoahc }alklk |kc c~ctalkhaci|o}ahfoft q x|x dftmlx xfk x|culx q dfttfxfx/ hfif tlx|o}cmf ml oc }lkmlkhac ml ofx mfx uamtacmfx c hfttlt `|k}fxoajltcilk}l+ \k uamtacmf ml efkmf cmlh|cmf ~ctc oc icqøoahc lx cs|lo s|l lx f~chf q s|l kf hfttl f eo|ql i|hbfm|tck}l oc hfhhaøk+ Lo øramf ml lx}cóf lx lo f~chaeahck}l ~tleltamf+

Oc maeah|o}cm lk oc mlhftchaøk ml icqøoahc lx s|l lo efkmf ml uamtacmf lx lr}tlicmcilk}l xlhf q cdxftdlk}l+ ^ctchfttljat lx}f co uamtacmf mlo efkmf xl ol cjtljc cpðhct f ilocpc/ x|x}ckhacx s|l m|tck}l lo xlhcmf eftick |kc oajltchfx}tc lk oc x|~lteahal s|l echaoa}c oc c~oahchaøk+ Ofx uamtacmfx ~|lmlk c~oahctxl oadtlilk}l |kfx xfdtl f}tfx fx|~lt~fkltxl7 lrax}lk akeakamcm ml }áhkahcx ml c~oahchaøk+ \kc uctack}l ak}ltlxck}l lx tcqct c }tcuáx mlo uamtacmf hfk|k coeaolt7 h|ckmf xl h|lhlk lx}cx tcqcx xl }tckxeftick lk oéklcx mlojcmcx mlo hfoft ml oc ~cx}c lk lo uamtacmf+

Oc hltãiahc ml icqøoahc mldl xlt hfhamc h|amcmfxcilk}l ~ctc lua}ct s|l ofx uamtacmfx hfttck mlicxacmf qlidfttfklk oc mlhftchaøk+ Oc tl}tchhaøk/ lo hfttaialk}f q oc xl~ctchaøk ml ofx hfoftlx xfk ocx maeah|o}cmlx iãxhfi|klx/ ~ltf xl x|~ltck xlolhhafkckmf cmlh|cmcilk}l ofx uamtacmfx q hfk}tfockmf x| c~oahchaøk q hfhhaøk+

Lk lo f}tf }a~f ml mlhftchaøk xfdtl uamtacmf ofx lxico}lx xl c~oahck c |kc x|~lteahal uamtacmc hfhamc q }ltiakcmc/ qxl e|kmlk bchaákmfofx s|l xl cmbaltck lk |kc hfhhaøk xl~ctcmc+ Xfk uamtacmfx hfoftlcmfx s|l co e|kmatxl xl ~ljck

c oc x|~lteahal mlo uamtacmf xfdtl oc hltãiahc+ Xl c~oahck kfticoilk}l xfdtl oc hltãiahc dockhc/ efkmf s|l xatul~ctc mct dtaoock}lp co hfoft+ Ofx xfdtluamtacmfx xl h|lhlk c |kc }li~ltc}|tc i|q dc`c ~ctc cxlj|tct s|l ochltãiahc/ s|l qc lx}ã hfhamc c |kc }li~ltc}|tc iãx co}c/ kf tlx|o}l celh}cmc h|ckmf oc mlhftchaøk xl h|lpc xfdtllooc+

\kc ml ocx echl}cx iãx ecxhakck}lx mlo uamtacmf ml oc hltãiahc lx s|l ofx hfoftlx ~|lmlk c~ctlhlt lk maeltlk}lxkaulolx+ Lx}f ol hfkealtl |k cx~lh}f i|q ~ct}ah|oct/ max}ak}f c of s|l bchl oc ~ak}|tc/ jlkltckmf |kc icjac mlxlkxchafklx uax|colx maeahao ml aia}ct+

OFX MLELH]FX LK LO UAMTACMF



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Xa xl c~oahc lo uamtacmf xfdtl hltãiahc x|hac kf xl ofjtc s|l xl cmbaltc hfttlh}cilk}l/ q xl xl~ctc m|tck}l oc e|xaøk/ml`ckmf c oc uax}c ~|k}fx ml cthaooc mlxk|mfx+ Lx}l mlx~ltelh}f xl hfkfhl hfif tletchhaøk q lx eãhaoilk}lhfttljadol+

Lo ~ahcmf lx/ xak m|mc coj|kc/ lo mlelh}f iãx ifolx}f q maeéhao ml tlilmact+ Co xcoat mlo bftkf ocx ~alpcx s|l~tlxlk}ck lx}l mlelh}f lx}ãk h|dalt}cx ml maiak|}fx bfqfx f ~ahcm|tcx/ ~ctlhamfx c htã}ltlx ufohãkahfx lk iakac}|tc+Lx}fx xl ~tfm|hlk ~ft oc ~tlxlkhac ml dfoxcx ml catl f ~ls|lócx d|td|`cx lk oc x|~lteahal ml oc hltãiahc/ s|l~|lmlk eof}ct c }tcuáx mlo uamtacmf e|kmamf m|tck}l oc hfhhaøk/ ml`ckmf |kc ~ls|lóc tf}|tc lk oc x|~lteahal+]cidaák ~|lml ci~fooctxl h|ckmf xl c~oahc |k uamtacmf mlicxacmf jt|lxf+

\kc ~alpc aketchfhamc "hfhamc ml ilkfx!/ hc|xc |kc x|~lteahal t|jfxc/ tcqcdol q/ c ulhlx/ mlxcjtcmcdolilk}lãx~ltc+ ^ft of hfk}tctaf/ |kc hltãiahc xfdtlhfhamc "hfhamc ml iãx! lx dtaoock}l/ ~ltf lo uamtacmf ~|lml hfttltxl/

cmlojcpãkmfxl mlicxacmf+ Lk cidfx hcxfx ofx hfoftlx hcidack ml ickltc kf}cdol+ Ofx chhamlk}lx lk lo bftkf~|lmlk jlkltct ~alpcx ~ljcmcx |kcx hfk f}tcx f ilphocx ml hfoftlx/ ~ft ilkhafkct xøof coj|kfx l`li~ofx+

Lo hltciax}c jlkltcoilk}l ick}alkl cdalt}c oc htlc}auamcm q oc aicjakchaøk q |}aoapc ofx mlelh}fx ml |kc hltãiahc qocx uat}|mlx ml f}tc ~ctc mct hctãh}lt q dloolpc c ocx ~alpcx+

LO UAMTACMF LK IÁRAHF

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~ltia}amf c ofx cts|løofjfx xlj|at lo mlxlkufouaialk}f ct}éx}ahf l bax}øtahf c }tcuáx ml fhbf xajofx ml uamc+ Lk ocxecxlx iãx dtaoock}lx ml lx}c hauaoapchaøk xl htlø |kc ci~oac jcic ml efticx hltãiahcx ml jtck dloolpc/ mlxmlxfdtacx ucxa`cx ml efkmf ~ockf bcx}c }té~fmlx ml ~alx coilkcmfx7 mlxml ~alpcx hfk eaj|tcx q hfoftlx bcx}c ucxfx hfklo tfx}tf ml ]oãofh7 akho|xf locdftctfk loljck}lx tlha~alk}lx hfk |k lxdlo}f h|loof s|l tlic}cdc cttadc lk |kc dfhclr}lkmamc/ c ofx s|l xl olx mc lo kfidtl ml eoftltfx+ Cotlmlmft mlo xajof UAAA hfilkpctfk c |xctxl ofx ifomlx ~ctcbchlt ocx eaj|tcx/ ~ctc lk}fkhlx qc tahcilk}l uamtacmcx+

Oc hltãiahc ~tfm|hamc lk lo ~ltafmf hfofkaco tleol`c lo maultxf oljcmf h|o}|tco ml lxc á~fhc c }tcuáx ml ofx if}aufxbltlmcmfx ml ftalk}l/ mlo tlkchaialk}f a}coackf/ ofx iftfx/ Lx~cóc q lo K|luf I|kmf+ Lk coj|kfx hcxfx ocakeo|lkhac lx matlh}c/ hfk fduafx ~táx}cifx ml ifmlofx ai~ft}cmfx7 lk f}tfx lx akmatlh}c/ eao}tcmc c }tcuáx ml ochltãiahc lx~cófoc+ Oc aia}chaøk/ xak lidctjf/ k|khc lx xltuao q xali~tl tldcxc |kc uajftfxc hfi~ol`amcm/~ct}ah|octilk}l m|tck}l ofx xajofx RUAA q RUAAA/ h|ckmf x|tjl lo mlxakbadamf lrhlxf mlo lx}aof dcttfhf ilrahckf+

Lolilk}fx }ficmfx ml uctacx e|lk}lx xl hfidakck c ufo|k}cm lk oc hltãiahc ilrahckc/ q i|hbcx ulhlx ocxhfi~fxahafklx mlx}aock |k xlk}amf ml oadlt}cm q lr}tcucjckhac+

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Oc icqøoahc/ hfk c|mchlx maxlófx jlfiá}tahfx f ~c}tfklx ml lx~atcolx/ l`lh|}cmfx hfk xai~ol ~ak}|tc f hfifxfdtluamtacmfx ml dtaoof il}ãoahf/ xl mlxcttfooø co lx}l q co x|t ml Lx~cóc m|tck}l ofx xajofx ml oc mfiakchaøk ãtcdl+

Mlx~|áx ml oc tlhfks|ax}c ml Lx~cóc lk 3=14/ oc ~tfm|hhaøk ml oc hltãiahc bax~ckfiftaxhc hfilkpø c mlhclt+ Co



iaxif }ali~f/ oc akeo|lkhac ml oc hltãiahc tlkchlk}ax}c ooljø c Lx~cóc q ~tfx~ltø lk oc icqøoahc ml ]cocultc ml ocTlakc+

H|ckmf ofx lx~cófolx hfks|ax}ctfk Iárahf c ~takha~afx mlo xajof RUA/ lkhfk}tctfk |kc eoftlhalk}l akm|x}taccoectltc+ Xak lidctjf/ ~ctc ofx akméjlkcx ilrahckfx ltck mlxhfkfhamfx lo }ftkf ml coectltf q lo uamtacmf+ Ofxakahafx ml oc akm|x}tac icqøoahc lk Iárahf xaj|lk xalkmf m|mfxfx/ ~ltf oc icqftéc ml ofx lt|ma}fx lx}ã ml ch|ltmflk s|l c eakcolx mlo xajof RUA lx}l feahaf lx}cdc dalk lx}cdolhamf lk ^|ldoc q/ ~tfdcdolilk}l/ lk oc ha|mcm mlIárahf+ ^ctc 35<8 lrax}éc lk ^|ldoc |k jtliaf ml coectltfx+ Ocx lrhcuchafklx cts|lfoøjahcx akmahck s|l ochltãiahc a}coackc q oc lx~cófoc ml lx}aof bax~ckfiftaxhf xl lr~ft}ctfk c Iárahf m|tck}l lo xajof RUA l akx~atctfk cofx ct}lxckfx ilrahckfx hltciax}cx+

Ofx éi~l}|x ct}éx}ahfx ml A}coac q Lx~cóc hlmaltfk lo ~cxf c eaklx mlo xajof RUA c oc akeo|lkhac ml oc ~fthlockc hbakccp|o q dockhf+ Mlxml 3<5< bcx}c 323< ofx jcolfklx mlo tlq ml Lx~cóc/ hctjcmfx hfk ilthckhécx ml Ftalk}lcttadcdck cóf hfk cóf co ~|lt}f ml Chc~|ohf+ Oc hctjc xl mlxlidcthcdc q xl }tckx~ft}cdc lk |kc tlh|c ml i|ocx coc ha|mcm ml Iárahf/ f ~ft ^|ldoc bcx}c Ultcht|p/ q cbé xl lidcthcdc lk ocx kculx hfk t|idf c Lx~cóc+ Lx ~fxadols|l Iárahf bcqc }lkamf |kc icqft ceo|lkhac/ q lk hfkxlh|lkhac akeo|lkhac/ ml ~fthlockc ftalk}co ml oc s|l }|ufLx~cóc+ I|hbfx fd`l}fx ml Ftalk}l xl s|lmctfk lk Iárahf+ Uctafx bcoocpjfx cts|lfoøjahfx mli|lx}tck s|l oc~fthlockc hbakc cp|o q dockhf lx}cdc jlkltcoapcmc lk lo ~céx+ Ocx ~alpcx ml ~fthlockc hbakc xatualtfk ml akx~atchaøkc ct}lxckfx ml icqøoahc/ }ck}f ilrahckfx hfif l|tf~lfx+ Oc hltãiahc ml lx}aof ftalk}co ai~ft}cmc ml Lx~cóceft}colhaø ~tfdcdolilk}l lo mlxcttfoof ml oc hltãiahc ilrahckc+ Oc hltãiahc blhbc lk Iárahf e|l c~tlhacmcofhcoilk}l lk cs|lo lk}fkhlx/ hfif ~|lml hfkx}c}ctxl lk ha}cx mlo ~ltafmf hfofkaco+ Co tleltatxl c oc ml ^|ldoc ceakcolx mlo xajof RUAA etcq Cj|x}ék ml Ul}ckhf|t} mlhoctø/ lk }fkf hbfuakax}c/ s|l oc coectltéc uamtacmc ltc iãx

bltifxc s|l oc ml ]cocultc "Lx~cóc! q s|l ~fméc hfi~l}at hfk oc ml Hbakc lk x| eak|tc+

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lk oc cts|a}lh}|tc hauao q tloajafxc ~ctc mlhftct ak}ltaftlx q hfif tlulx}aialk}f ml hð~|ocx q echbcmcx+

Xøof bck xfdtluauamf |kfx h|ck}fx l`li~ofx ml icqøoahc ilrahckc mlhftcmc lrho|xaucilk}l hfk maxlófx lk kljtfq xfdtl |k efkmf docks|lhakf+ ]fmfx mc}ck mlo xajof RUAA+ Lk oc hltãiahc ilrahckc lo dcttf uctéc lk hfoft mlodockhf co ocmtaoof+ Co s|lictxl oc ~ak}|tc ~cxc mlo hfoft kljtf mlo ickjcklxf co hceá fxh|tf lk coj|kcx ~ct}lx/ qhfif kf xl cmbaltl dalk c oc x|~lteahal/ ml`c ~ls|lócx d|td|`cx lk lo maxlóf+ Ialk}tcx s|l lk Lx~cóc ocftkcilk}chaøk xl c~oahcdc xfdtl |k uamtacmf ~tluacilk}l s|licmf q mlx~|áx xl ufouéc c bftklct oc ~alpc/ lkIárahf ofx maxlófx xl ~ak}cdck xfdtl |kc x|~lteahal uamtacmc xak xckhfhbct q oc hfhb|tc xl bchéc mlx~|áx+

C eakcolx mlo xajof RUA xl mlxcttfooø lk Lx~cóc |k lx}aof s|l cmc~}ø ifmlofx ml lkhc`lx ml ifmc ml ocx ~tlkmcx mlulx}at lk ofx maxlófx ml coectltéc+ Oc mloahcmlpc mlo lkhc`l ltc aia}cmc ~ft ofx hltciax}cx }tcpckmf oéklcx i|qmlojcmcx hfk ~ls|lófx ~|k}fx hfofhcmfx lk ocx ak}ltxlhhafklx/ s|l eaj|tcdck ofx k|mfx mlo }l`amf ultmcmltf+ Lk lo

xajof RUAA ofx ct}lxckfx ilrahckfx e|xafkctfk ofx mad|`fx ml lkhc`lx ml oc coectltéc tlkchlk}ax}c lx~cófoc hfkmaxlófx cdx}tch}fx ml lx~atcolx/ ~tf~afx ml oc hltãiahc bax~ckfiftaxhc/ q htlctfk |k lx}aof hfkfhamf hfif~foahtfif ml ^|ldoc+ Ofx ~c}tfklx ml lkhc`l ml dfoaoof e|ltfk xl~ctcmfx lk xlhhafklx q lkicthcmfx hfk ckhbcxoéklcx mauaxftacx ml hfoft cp|o+ Oc }lkmlkhac c |}aoapct }tcpfx e|lt}lx ~ctc mleakat efticx e|l hctch}ltéx}ahc }cidaákml oc ~ak}|tc ~tlbax~ãkahc ml Iárahf+

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colc}ftaf ml ofx iaxifx ~ctc oolkct h|cos|alt lx~chaf uchéf lk oc hfi~fxahaøk lx |kc lrcjltchaøk hctch}ltéx}ahc mloc hltãiahc ilrahckc+

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jt|lxf }tcpf ml ~ak}|tc cp|o xl b|kml c ulhlx lk lo uamtacmf q htlc |k lelh}f fkm|ock}l/ mldamf c ofx tleol`fx ml oco|p xfdtl oc x|~lteahal+

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Hcmc lxh|o}|tc q hcmc ~ak}|tc/ hcmc ~flic q hcmc hckhaøk/ xfk |kc eftic ckaicmc ~ft oc ufo|k}cm ml tlxax}at co}ali~f q x|x ltfxafklx+ Lo uamtaf xl bc |}aoapcmf hcxa mlxml xali~tl q lx lo uauf l`li~of ml of s|l lx hc~cp ml bchltlo bfidtl hfk x| ak}lolh}f+ Oc fdtc ml ct}l f lo |}lkxaoaf/ lo ct}l f oc ct}lxckéc/ oc halkhac f ocx b|ickamcmlx/ ocakulx}ajchaøk f oc mau|ojchaøk/ oc halkhac mlxml Iárahf f mlxml h|cos|alt f}tf xa}af/ }fmf lx ai~ft}ck}l/ ~ltf of}tcxhlkmlk}co lx oc b|ickamcm iaxic/ q hfif ~ct}l ml looc/ h|cos|altc ml x|x ickaelx}chafklx+ Oc hc~chamcm mlictcuaooctkfx h|ckmf xfifx kaófx q s|l ~ltmlifx lk cojðk ifilk}f/ ~ctc mlx~|áx/ s|apãx/ tlh|~ltctoc7 ocxlkxchaøk s|l kfx ~tfm|hl ollt |k ~flic f ult |k h|cmtf ai~tlxafkax}c7 oc max~fxahaøk ~ctc ooftct ml lifhaøk f ml

}tax}lpc/ ~ctc cict f ~ctc fmact7 oc tas|lpc aicjakc}auc s|l kfx ~ltia}l xlt hfif xfifx q kfx mc oc ak}loajlkhac~ctc maxet|}ct oc uamc lk }fmcx x|x echl}cx7 oc halkhac ~ctc oc x|~ltuaulkhac7 lo ceãk ml `|x}ahac7 oc xfktaxc ml |k kaóf7lo }ali~f s|l kfx bchl q s|l kfx mlxbchl+ Lx}f lx of ai~tlxhakmadol/ of iãx ucoafxf/ ~ft of s|l ucol oc ~lkc xlj|at/q hfk of s|l blifx s|ltamf }ltiakct lx}l oadtf+



JOFXCTAF

chltf+ Colchaøk ml balttf q hctdfkf s|l hfk lo }li~ol cms|altl jtck m|tlpc q locx}ahamcm+

ãhamf+ X|x}ckhac s|l oadltc afklx B8F' h|ckmf xl max|loul lk cj|c+ \kc xfo|haøk lx ãhamc h|ckmf x| ucoft mlo ~Blx ilkft ml xal}l+

ckaøk+ Ã}fif f ifoáh|oc s|l }alkl hctjc kljc}auc+

cthaooc+ Ctlkc efticmc ~ft øramf ml xaoahaf q øramf ml co|iakaf+

ã}fif+ Oc ~ct}l iãx ~ls|lóc lk s|l ~|lml mauamatxl oc ic}ltac+

dcxl+ X|x}ckhac s|l oadltc afklx bamtfraof "FB)! h|ckmf xl max|loul lk lo cj|c+ Ocx xfo|hafklx dãxahcx f cohcoakcx}alklk |k ucoft ml ~B icqft ml xal}l+

hc}aøk+ ^ct}éh|oc s|l ~fxll hctjc ~fxa}auc+

hbfs|l }átiahf+ Tf}|tc mlo ic}ltaco ~tfufhcmc ~ft |k hcidaf dt|xhf ml }li~ltc}|tc+

hfleahalk}l ml maoc}chaøk+ Chhaøk tlochafkcmc hfk lo c|ilk}f ml ufo|ilk f ml ofkja}|m ml oc ic}ltac+

hfofaml+ Xax}lic bl}ltfjáklf ml ~ct}éh|ocx s|l }alklk c~ctalkhac ml jloc}akc+

hfttfxaøk+ Tlchhaøk hfk |k cjlk}l s|éiahf s|l ~tfm|hl |kc mlx}t|hhaøk ml oc x|~lteahal mlo ic}ltaco+

htaxfo+ Tlha~alk}l |}aoapcmf ~ctc e|kmat ic}ltac c co}cx }li~ltc}|tcx+

htax}co+ Xøoamf ml eftic jlfiá}tahc mleakamc+ \k htax}co }alkl ãkj|ofx ea`fx lk}tl x|x hctcx7 ofx ã}fifx/ ofx afklx focx ifoáh|ocx lx}ãk dalk ftjckapcmfx+

mlkxamcm+ Tlochaøk s|l lrax}l lk}tl oc icxc q lo ufo|ilk ml |k ic}ltaco+

mlxua}taeahchaøk+ ^tfhlxf lk lo h|co lo uamtaf ~altml x| }tckx~ctlkhac ~ft chhaøk ~tfofkjcmc mlo hcoft+

max~ltxaøk+ Xl~ctchaøk ml ofx maultxfx hfoftlx lx~lh}tcolx ml |k tcqf ml o|p+

m|tcdaoamcm s|éiahc+ Tlxax}lkhac s|l ~tlxlk}c |k uamtaf/ lk lx}l hcxf/ co ~fkltof lk hfk}ch}f hfk xfo|hafklxch|fxcx ml ãhamfx/ dcxlx q xcolx+

locx}ahamcm+ ^tf~almcm s|l }alklk ofx ic}ltacolx ~ctc tlhfdtct x| eftic akahaco mlx~|áx ml bcdlt xamf lx}atcmfx fmlefticmfx+

lx}t|h}|tc+ Max}tad|haøk ml ofx ã}fifx q ocx ifoáh|ocx lk |k ic}ltaco+

elomlx~c}fx+ Xaoahfco|iakc}fx s|l hfk}alklk ~f}cxaf/ xfmaf/ hcohaf f dctaf q s|l eftick ~ct}l ml i|hbcx tfhcxlt|~}aucx+

eo|amf+ X|x}ckhac h|qcx ifoáh|ocx }alklk ~fhc hfblxaøk lk}tl xé+ ]fic xali~tl oc eftic mlo tlha~alk}l s|l ofhfk}alkl+

e|xaøk+ ^cxf ml oc ic}ltac mlo lx}cmf xøoamf co lx}cmf oés|amf ~ft chhaøk mlo hcoft+

ai~|tlpc+ ^ct}éh|oc lr}tcóc mlk}tf ml |k ic}ltaco+

ai~|tlpc ak}ltx}ahaco+ Ã}fif s|l xl lkh|lk}tc lk |k xa}af s|l kf ol hfttlx~fkml mlk}tf ml |k xøoamf+



afk+ ^ct}éh|oc s|l ~fxll hctjc loáh}tahc+ Lx}ã efticmf ~ft |k ã}fif f ~ft |k jt|~f ml ã}fifx s|l bck ~ltmamf fjckcmf lolh}tfklx+

oés|amf xfdtllketacmf+ Oés|amf s|l ~lticklhl hfif }co c }li~ltc}|tcx iãx dc`cx s|l ocx ml xfoamaeahchafk+

iakltco+ Ic}ltaco akftjãkahf xøoamf s|l eftic ocx tfhcx ml oc hft}lpc }lttlx}tl+

iøm|of ml Qf|kj+ Hfkx}ck}l loãx}ahc s|l xl ml}ltiakc lr~ltailk}coilk}l+

ifoáh|oc+ ^ct}éh|oc efticmc ~ft |k kðiltf lk}ltf ml ã}fifx+

fdxamackc+ Iakltco ufohãkahf ué}tlf+

framchaøk+ ^átmamc ml lolh}tfklx+

øramf ml co|iakaf+ Hfi~|lx}f efticmf ~ft co|iakaf q fréjlkf+ ^fouf dockhf/ hcxa akxfo|dol lk cj|c+

øramf ml xaoahaf+ Hfi~|lx}f efticmf ~ft |k ã}fif ml xaoahaf q mfx ml fréjlkf+

~|k}f ml mleftichaøk+ ]li~ltc}|tc c oc h|co lo uamtaf lx |k xøoamf s|l ~|lml lketactxl xak ak}tfm|hat }lkxafklxak}ltkcx+

~|k}f ml tldockmlhaialk}f+ ]li~ltc}|tc c oc h|co lo uamtaf li~alpc c mleftictxl kf}cdolilk}l+

~|k}f ml tlhfhamf+ ]li~ltc}|tc c oc h|co ocx ~tlxafklx ak}ltkcx lk lo ic}ltaco maxiak|qlk+

~qtlr+ Uamtaf tlxax}lk}l c ofx cjlk}lx s|éiahfx q c ofx hbfs|lx }átiahfx+

tlm+ Ftjckapchaøk ml ocx ifoáh|ocx lk |k xøoamf hfk maeltlk}lx tciaeahchafklx lkocpcmcx lk}tl xé+ Oc tl~l}ahaøk k ulhlx ml hcmc |kamcm eftic |kc tlm s|l mc o|jct co xøoamf s|l ulifx+

tlm|hhaøk+ Jckckhac ml lolh}tfklx+

tletch}ctaf+ Ic}ltaco s|l tlxax}l oc chhaøk ml tlch}aufx s|éiahfx/ cmliãx ml co}cx }li~ltc}|tcx+

tajamlp+ Eco}c ml locx}ahamcm+tfhcx éjklcx+ Tfhcx ~tfm|hamcx ~ft chhaøk mlo e|ljf+

xaoahfco|iakc}f+ Hfi~|lx}f efticmf ~ft oc tlchhaøk s|éiahc lk}tl oc xéoahl q oc coðiakc+

}li~ocmf+ ^tfhlxf ~ft ilmaf mlo h|co xl ol mc iãx tlxax}lkhac co uamtaf+

uamtaf+ Ic}ltaco ciftef/ }tckx~ctlk}l/ m|tf/ s|l xl ecdtahc e|kmalkmf |kc cthaooc+ Lx |k oés|amf xfdtllketacmf+

uamtaf caxock}l+ Uamtaf akhc~cp ml hfkm|hat lo hcoft q oc lolh}tahamcm+

uamtaf hfkm|h}ft+ Uamtaf hc~cp ml hfkm|hat lo hcoft q oc lolh}tahamcm+

uaxhfxamcm+ ^tf~almcm ml ofx eo|amfx s|l xl ickaealx}c ~ft oc tlxa}lkhac c eo|at+



DADOAFJTCEÉC

Ckcqc Tfmtéj|lp/ L+/ Oc s|éiahc mlo Iárahf ~tlbax~ãkahf/ }lxax ml oahlkhac}|tc/ Ech|o}cm ml S|éiahc/ \KCI/Iárahf/ 3114+

Hf|xakx/ I+/ 4>}b Hlk}|tq Jocxx/ Hbct}zloo Dffgx/ K|luc @ltxlq/ 3121+

Mtcbf}fuã/ F+/ Lo ct}l mlo uamtaf lk L|tf~c/ Oadxc/ Icmtam/ 311>+E|ohcklooa/ Lo iax}ltaf ml ocx hc}lmtcolx/ ^ocpc q @ckáx/ Dcthlofkc/ 3152+

Jcthéc)Hfoék/ O+ q T+ Tfmtéj|lp/ Oés|amfx lrø}ahfx/ Efkmf ml H|o}|tc Lhfkøiahc/ Iárahf+

J|lttltf/ T+ E+/ Bax}ftac jlkltco mlo ct}l ilrahckf/ }+ A+ L~fhc ~tlbax~ãkahc/ Bltilx/ Iárahf/ 3123+

Bciiltxecbt/ @+ L+ q H+ O+ X}fkj/ Htlc}aul Jocxx Dofzakj/ Z+ B+ Etllick/ Xck Etckhaxhf/ 3152+

Bcttaxfk/ B+ "hfi~+!/ Jocxx+ Xf|thl Dffg/ Hbct}zloo Dffgx/ K|luc @ltxlq/ 311>+

Oø~lp/ ]+/ @+ Iákmlp q O+ Blttltc/ $Uamtafx$/ Hfk}ch}fx/ K|luc Á~fhc/ :/3114+

Iftlq/ J+ Z+/ ]bl ^tf~lt}alx fe Jocxx/ Tlakbfom ^|doaxbakj/ K|luc Qftg/ 31<=+

Tbfmlx/ M+/ Cthaooc q uamtacmf ~ctc lo hltciax}c/ HLCH/ Dcthlofkc/ 311>+

T|ap Loapfkmf/ @+ l} co+/ Lx}|maf ml iakltcofjéc/ \KCI/ Akx}a}|}f ml Jlfofjéc/ Iárahf/ 315<+

Xakjlt/ X+X+/ Akm|x}taco Hltciahx/ Hbc~ick ckm Bcoo/ Ofkmtlx/ 3158+

Xf|x}lool/ @+/ Lo ct}l mlo Iárahf ck}aj|f/ @|ulk}|m/ Dcthlofkc/ 3151+

\boickk/ M+ T+ q K+ @+ Gtlamo "hfi~x+!/ Jocxx Xhalkhl ckm ]lhbkfofjq/ ufo+ 3/ Chcmliah ^tlxx/ L\C/ 3128+

Ucaoock}/ J+ H+/ Oc hauaoapchaøk cp}lhc/ Efkmf ml H|o}|tc Lhfkøiahc/ Iárahf/ 31==+

Zbllolt/ E+ O+/ Xhalk}aeah Jocxxdofzakj/ Ak}ltxhalkhl ^|doaxbltx/ L\C/ 31<2+

Zaljckm/ L+/ ]áhkahcx mlo }tcdc`f lk uamtaf/ ^tfjlkxc/ Lx~cóc/ 3122+

Olh|tcx hfi~olilk}ctacx

Gatg/ T+ L+ q M+ E+ F}bilt/ Lkhahof~lmac ml oc }lhkfofjéc s|éiahc/ \kaøk ]a~fjtãeahc Lma}ftaco Bax~ckf)Ciltahckc/ Iárahf/ 3158+

Lkhahof~lmac il}ømahc Octf|xxl/ Octf|xxl/ 31:2+

Lkhahof~lmac Xcouc} \kaultxco/ Xcouc}/ Dcthlofkc/ 312:+

IhGl}}c/ @+ @+/ Lkhqhof~lmac fe Hbliahco ^tfhlxxakj ckm Mlxajk/ Icthlo Mlgglt/ K|luc Qftg/ 31:1+



HFOFEØK

Lx}l oadtf xl }ltiakø ml ai~taiat q lkh|cmltkct lk lo ilx ml `|oaf ml 311< lk oc Ai~tlxftc q Lkh|cmltkcmftc^tfjtlxf/ X+ C+ ml H+ U+/ Hcopcmc ml Xck Oftlkpf/ 4==/ >128> Iárahf+ Oc eftichaøk q hfi~fxahaøk xl bapf lk lo]coolt ml hfi~fxahaøk mlo EHL+ Xl }atctfk :>>> l`li~octlx+

Oc Halkhac mlxml Iárahf lx hfftmakcmc lma}ftacoilk}l ~ft ICTHF CK]FKAF ^\OAMF q ICTÉC MLO

HCTILK ECTÉCX+



HFK]TC^FT]CMC

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Hfif mlxh|dtalkmf xlhtl}fx/ |kf ~|lml lk}ltctxl lk lx}l oadtf ml oc bax}ftac mlo uamtaf/ x| hfi~fxahaøk/ x|x

h|coamcmlx/ q ml s|l x| ~tlxlkhac lk ocx hauaoapchafklx b|ickcx xl tlifk}c qc c uctafx iaolx ml cófx+ Oc ~alpc iãxck}aj|c s|l xl hfkfhl lx |kc hbcs|atc ml ~almtc h|dalt}c ml dctkap ml uamtaf hfoftlcmf/ s|l mc}c ml =>>> c+H+ q/ xl~alkxc/ x| hfoftchaøk aia}c oc ml oc }|ts|lxc+

^|lml ultxl cs|é s|l Lo i|kmf iãjahf mlo uamtaf kf lx |k }é}|of jtc}|a}f/ ml ~tf~øxa}f oocic}auf xakf lk lo s|l xl}tckx~ctlk}c ”ltc ml lx~ltctxl” oc uamc q iaocjtfx ml cojf }ck ~tøraif c k|lx}tc uamc+ Oc ic}ltac ~taic mlouamtaf xfk ocx cthaoocx q oc ctlkc xaoéhlc xfoamaeahcmc ~ft |k lelh}f ml e|xaøk mldamf co hcolk}cialk}f7 }co bc xamf ~ftoctjfx xajofx lo ~takha~af dãxahf ml oc ecdtahchaøk mlo uamtaf/ ic}ltaco ml h|coamcmlx }ck cxfidtfxcx s|l bc blhbf~fxadol akulk}fx }ck maultxfx hfif ocx olk}lx/ akeakamcm ml fd`l}fx mfiáx}ahfx q f}tfx s|l bck ~ltia}amf lomlxcttfoof ml oc }lhkfofjéc/ ocx hckahcx q }cidaák oc htlchaøk ml fd`l}fx ml ct}l+ Lo iãx ictcuaoofxf l`li~of mllx}fx ðo}aifx xfk ofx ua}tcolx/ s|l xfk lo ct}l ml ~ak}ct hfk o|p ¶S|á iãx xl ~fmtéc ~lmat c |k oadtf h|qc ~tl}lkxaøklx mae|kmat oc s|éiahc ml ofx uamtafx/ lxhta}f lk eftic cilkc q s|l hfk}tad|ql c oc mau|ojchaøk ml oc halkhac6

]lxxq Oø~lp lx}|maø oahlkhac}|tc/ iclx}téc q mfh}ftcmf lk lo Ml~ct}cilk}f ml S|éiahc ml oc \CI)Ap}c~coc~c+ X|}lxax fd}|uf lo ^tliaf Zlapickk ml 3113/ lo ~tailtf ml ofx s|l bc fd}lkamf+ Lx ~tfelxftc }a}|ocmc ml oc \CI)A qialidtf mlo Xax}lic Kchafkco ml Akulx}ajcmftlx+ Ckc Ict}éklp lx oahlkhacmc lk s|éiahc ~ft oc \KCI7 bapf x|iclx}téc lk oc \CI)A/ mfkml }cidaák h|txc x| mfh}ftcmf+ Lx ~tfelxftc }a}|ocmc ml oc \CI)A ml eéxahf)s|éiahc}løtahc/ chlthc ml oc s|l bc ~|doahcmf uctafx }tcdc`fx+

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