terrestrial biomes

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Biomes of the world

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Page 1: Terrestrial biomes
Page 2: Terrestrial biomes

I. Biomes: areas that have distinctive

climates and organisms

Page 3: Terrestrial biomes
Page 4: Terrestrial biomes

Tropical Rainforest

Page 5: Terrestrial biomes

Tropical Rainforest

once, 20% of earth; now 7%

exist around equator, so strong sunlight and consistent climate.

Page 6: Terrestrial biomes

Tropical Rainforest

humid, always warm, never freezes, lots of rain (100-400 in. a year = 250-1000 cm/yr)

Page 7: Terrestrial biomes

Tropical Rainforest

Has poor soil. So how do many species of plants thrive?

Page 8: Terrestrial biomes

answer: rapid decay of plants and animals constantly returning nutrients to the soil

Page 9: Terrestrial biomes

plants grow in layers (strata) for sunlight. Lots of light at canopy; little at bottom. Plants on forest floor often have huge leaves.

Page 10: Terrestrial biomes

animals are often poisonous or camouflaged

Page 11: Terrestrial biomes

Temperate Rain Forest

occur in North & South

America, Australia, & New Zealand

Page 12: Terrestrial biomes

Temperate Rain Forest

cool & humidMild winters and summers for latitude

70 – 200 inches of rain per year (150 – 500 cm)

Page 13: Terrestrial biomes

Temperate Rain Forest

Only a few species of lush evergreen and deciduous trees on windward slopes

Redwoods – tallest trees on earth

Huge ferns, thick undergrowth

Page 14: Terrestrial biomes

Temperate Rain Forest

Numerous bird and mammal species – raccoons, gray wolf, white-tailed deer, bears, badgers, wild pigs, etc.

Page 15: Terrestrial biomes

Temperate Deciduous ForestsLeaves turn

colors. Trees shed

leaves each fall.

Page 16: Terrestrial biomes

Temperate Deciduous Forestsexist b/t 30 degrees & 50 degrees north latitude, so seasonal variation

Page 17: Terrestrial biomes

Temperate Deciduous Forests

30 - 100 inches

Precipitation

(75-250 cm/yr)

Page 18: Terrestrial biomes

soil rich & deep. Why?

rain causes rapid decomposition of leaves

Page 19: Terrestrial biomes

forests grow in layers

migratory birds ; hibernating animals

Page 20: Terrestrial biomes

Taiga: northern coniferous forest just below Arctic

Circle

Page 21: Terrestrial biomes

Taiga

long, cold winters

precipitation = snow

constant daylight in summer

Page 22: Terrestrial biomes

Taiga

conifer trees: needle-shaped leaves (retain water, acidic)

Page 23: Terrestrial biomes

Taiga

soil forms slowly, is acidic; few plants on ground

Page 24: Terrestrial biomes

Taiga

migrating birds, burrowing and camouflaged animals

Page 25: Terrestrial biomes

Tropical Savanna

Page 26: Terrestrial biomes

Tropical Savanna

near equatorvery little rain - less than 6 months of the year (4 –70 inches)

Page 27: Terrestrial biomes

Tropical Savanna

plants: long underground roots to survive fire and dry season, perennials;

- thorny plants so animals won’t eat

Page 28: Terrestrial biomes

Tropical Savanna

Migratory herbivores follow rains- different herbivores eat plants of different heights.

Page 29: Terrestrial biomes

Tropical Savanna

Contains the largest number of grazing animals

Page 30: Terrestrial biomes

Tropical Savanna

predators follow

mostly large land animals

Page 31: Terrestrial biomes

Grassland & Prairies

Page 32: Terrestrial biomes

Temperate Grasslands & Prairies

Rainfall – 25 – 88 cm/year (10 – 35 in/yr)

Sizzling temperatures in summer

30º - 50º N latitudebuffalo

Page 33: Terrestrial biomes

Temperate Grasslands & Prairies

Plant Adaptations- Root systems of plants form dense mats to survive drought and fire and hold the soil in place.- Few trees because of the drought, fire and constant wind.

Page 34: Terrestrial biomes

Temperate Grasslands & Prairies

Animal Adaptations- buffalos have thick coats to withstand the cold winters

- prairie dogs & owls live in underground burrows to protect them from fire, elements and predators

Page 35: Terrestrial biomes

Deserts

Page 36: Terrestrial biomes

Desertsreceive less than 10

in. precip/yr (25 cm/yr) extreme temp flux!

Dry winds

Page 37: Terrestrial biomes

Deserts

soil rich in minerals, but poor in organic matter. Why?

Page 38: Terrestrial biomes

Desertsans: not enough water to aid in decomposition.

Page 39: Terrestrial biomes

Desertsplants: succulents :thick stems & leaves to store water -

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Desertsspiny & thorny

underground bulbs or wide root systems

Page 41: Terrestrial biomes

Deserts

animals:dry, scaly skin

Page 42: Terrestrial biomes

Desertssome estivate (bury themselves in the ground & sleep through the dry season)

Page 43: Terrestrial biomes

Desertsmany nocturnal

Kangaroo rat

Page 44: Terrestrial biomes

Tundra

Page 45: Terrestrial biomes

Tundra

North of the Arctic Circle

Page 46: Terrestrial biomes

Tundra

biome w/o trees, grasses & shrubs grow in permanently frozen soil (permafrost)

Page 47: Terrestrial biomes

Tundra7 – 40 inches of rain/yearOnly 2 or 3 months above freezing

Long and cold winterBrief cool summer

Page 48: Terrestrial biomes

Tundraplants:mosses & lichens (can grow w/o soil)

Page 49: Terrestrial biomes

Tundrawide, shallow roots anchor plants against wind

Page 50: Terrestrial biomes

animals:migratorycamouflagethick coats

Tundra