TERPS / PANS-OPS Approach Brief

with Circling Considerations

PRESENTED BY:

Shawn Scott

Scott International Procedures, LLC

Mon, Mar 21, 2016 | 9:00a.m. – 9:15a.m.

International Operators Conference | San Diego, CA | March 21 – 24, 2016

• Retired Military Maintenance Test Pilot• Served in U.S. Coast Guard and the U.S. Army. • Major airline Pilot Ground School Instructor in Boeing and

Airbus aircraft programs (international)• Began Scottipc in 2004• Member of NBAA’s International Operators Committee

Shawn Scott

COURSE REVERSALS &

RACETRACK

Most maneuvering airspace

Less maneuvering airspace

Least maneuvering airspace

RACETRACK PROCEDURES

Turn Point:

1.Timing: 1, 2 or 3 Minutes out

2.DME Defined

3.Radial or Bearing Cut

• One Time Out / In

• Always Intercept Inbound

• Track Inbound / Outbound

Further Descent, Considered established

• Within half full scale deflection for the ILS and VOR

• Within +_ 5 degrees for the NDB

DIRECT ENTRY

OFFSET ENTRY

Limits:

Cannot exceed

30° on offset

Max

1’ 30” on offset;

If 1’ time is used

for offset, then

outbound time is

also 1’

PARALLEL ENTRY

Parallel entry shall not return directly to the facility without first intercepting the inbound

track when proceeding to the final segment of the approach procedure; and all

maneuvering shall be done in so far as possible on the maneuvering side of the inbound

track.

Racetrack

MIN MAX Descent Rates

For Reversal or Racetrack Procedures

Outbound Track MaxMin

Cat A/B 804 ft/minN/A

Cat C/D/E/H 1197 ft/minN/A

Inbound Track

Cat A/B 655 ft/min394 ft/min

Cat H 755 ft/minN/A

Cat C/D/E 1000 ft/min590 ft/min

Need to Climb or Descend?

use the SHUTTLE

A shuttle is normally prescribed where the descent required between the

end of initial approach and the beginning of final approach exceeds the

value acceptable for safety.

Note.— A shuttle is a descent or climb conducted in a holding pattern.FMS

Exiting Hold ?

SPEED RESTRICTIONS

Racetrack and Reversal Procedures

• Speed restrictions may be specified in addition to, or instead of, aircraft category

restrictions. The speeds must not be exceeded to ensure that the aircraft

remains within the limits of the protected areas.

• Bank Angles

– 25 deg or 3 deg per sec, whichever is less

BASE TURN PROCEDURES

Turn Point:

1.Timing: 1, 2 or 3 Minutes

2.DME Defined

3.Radial or Bearing

Example of Base Turn

San Jose Costa Rica

ILS DME RWY 07

ZOOM

Build the entry Sector

RWY 07

No Go

Non Omni-Directional Arrival

PROTECTED AIRSPACE

FMS does not honor

Entry sector ?

?

Omni-Directional

Arrival to LA AURORA

To Qualify…

Shuttle on

opposite side

Direction

aligns into

the entry

sector

Base Turn Exception

Or

Entry Sector Expansion

PROCEDURE TURNS

Turn Point: A. Timing 1,2 or 3 Min’s, B. DME Defined, C. Radial or Bearing Cut

PROCEDURE TURNS employ Entry

Sectors

Circling Approach Tool box

20

In the last 3 years, estimate what

percentage of company flights outside

of the U.S. included a circle to land

approach?

Circling Approach Tool box

21

a. Never

b. < 10 %

c. 10 to 30 %

d. >30%

SPEEDS for Specified Maneuvers

Circling

• PANS OPS Circling Based on Approach Category

Approach Category Speed(MAX-IAS) Radius (NM)

A 100 kts 1.68

B 135 kts 2.66

C 180 kts 4.20

D 205 kts 5.28

Wind Factor: assumes a 25kt wind factor

VISUAL MANEUVERING

Cat C Radius Equals 4.2 NM (PANS OPS)

Bank Angle

25

PANS-OPS assumes a bank angle of 20 degrees

A/C Category

A B C D E

Bank Angle (degrees)

25 25 20 20 22

TERPS (never <20 degrees)

TERPS Speeds for Obstacle Evaluation Area

Standard TERPS to PANS-OPS

• PANS OPS Circling Based on Visual Manuevering Approach CategoryApproach Category Speed(MAX-IAS) Radius (NM)

A 100 kts 1.68B 135 kts 2.66C 180 kts 4.20D 205 kts 5.28

• TERPS Circling Based on Approach Category

Approach Category Speed Standard Radius (Miles

A <90kts 1.3

B 90- <120kts 1.5

C 121- <141kts 1.7

D 141-165 2.3

E 166+ kts 4.5

Some approaches may use PANS OPS for approach

criteria but the Circling will be based on Standard (or

lets call it old but still used) TERPS radius protection.

Note the max speeds and TERPS note

TERPS

VISUAL MANEUVERING

Cat C Radius Equals 4.2 NM PANS OPS

Compare against (Old but still in use) Circling TERPS Max Cat C 1.7NM

ILS 36L- change to

RWY 18R,

Circle west to land

30

Air China FLT 129, Boeing 767-200,

Gimhae INTL (Busan) South Korea RKPK

April 2002

31

“We won’t enlarge the traffic

pattern, the mountains are all

over that side”

Circling to land restrictions

32

What restrictions if any, does your flight

department impose on circling procedures

outside of the U.S.?

Circling to land restrictions

33

a. No restrictions

b. No night circling

c. Circling only approved if crew has

previously been to location

d. Other (please specify)

NEW Protections

(TERPS 8260.3B Change 21 May 2009)

Circling approach areas developed beginning

in 2013:

Radius Distances

Approach Category

Circling Altitude

35

Circling MDA in ft

Approach Cat Circling Radius NM

CAT ABank 25

CAT BBank 25

CAT CBank 20

CAT DBank 20

CAT EBank 22

1000 or less 1.3 1.7 2.7 3.6 4.5

1001-3000 1.3 1.8 2.8 3.7 4.6

3001-5000 1.3 1.8 2.9 3.8 4.8

5001-7000 1.3 1.9 3.0 4.0 5.0

7001-9000 1.4 2.0 3.2 4.2 5.3

9001 and above

1.4 2.1 3.3 4.4 5.5

Please keep in mind these areas are still smaller

than the PANS-OPS protections.

New Depiction of New Protections

36

C

Military

Pay attention to the differences…… If you

are not sure what standard the procedure is

built from, DON’T CIRCLE unless visibility

allows for a 100% chance of maintaining the

runway environment in sight. Period!

Shawn Scott

Scott International Procedures, LLC

P.O Box 225

Livermore, Colorado 80536

970-221-1172

www.scottipc.com

shawn@scottipc.com

Thank You

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