teeb training session 4: framing the issue; case study examples using the teeb approach ©teeb

The Economics of Ecosystems & BiodiversityThe Economics of Ecosystems & Biodiversity

TEEB Training

Session 4: Framing the Issue; Case study

examples using the TEEB Approach

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PUTTING THE TIERED APPROACH INTO PRACTICE

• Recognizing Value - IDENTIFY and ASSESS the full range of →ecosystem services affected and the implications for different groups in society

• Demonstrating Value – estimate and demonstrate the value of ecosystem services, using appropriate methods.

• Capturing Value – capture the value of ecosystem services and seek solutions to overcome their undervaluation, using economically informed policy instruments


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RECOGNIZING VALUE:RECOGNIZING VALUE:The extensive lakes and floodplains along the Yangtze River in China form large water retention areas which attenuate floods during periods of heavy precipitation and provide a continued flow of water during dry periods

The extensive lakes and floodplains along the Yangtze River in China form large water retention areas which attenuate floods during periods of heavy precipitation and provide a continued flow of water during dry periods

Regulating extreme eventsRegulating extreme events

Provisioning Fresh waterProvisioning Fresh water

Provisioning foodProvisioning food

The restoration of wetlands and lakes in the

Yangtze River basin (China)

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Restoration: In 2002 WWF commenced a program to reconnect lakes in Hubei Province to the Yangtze RiverCessation of unsustainable aquaculture, better agricultural practices

The restoration of wetlands and lakes in the Yangtze River basin (China)The restoration of wetlands and lakes in the Yangtze River basin (China)

Adaptation outcomes: reducing vulnerability to flooding in the central Yangtze region,Pollution fell at Lake Hong from national pollution level IV (fit for agricultural use only) to II (drinkable)

Livelihood outcomes:Income from wild fisheries increased by 15-25% after restoration.Access to cleaner water suppliesis another benefit

RECOGNIZING VALUE:RECOGNIZING VALUE:

©UNEP/GRID-Arendal

©UNEP/GRID-Arendal

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DEMONSTRATING VALUE:DEMONSTRATING VALUE:Tourism more valuable than fisheries: how the Maldives decided to ban shark fishing

©Bank of natural capital, 2010.

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DEMONSTRATING VALUE:DEMONSTRATING VALUE:

Shark fishing for international market:Value of a single catch: US$ 32

Shark fishing for international market:Value of a single catch: US$ 32

Shark divingValue US$ 3,300/year per individual

Shark divingValue US$ 3,300/year per individual

Tourism more valuable than fisheries: how the Maldives decided to ban shark fishing

=>

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©UNEP/GRID-Arendal

©UNEP/GRID-Arendal

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Tourism more valuable than fisheries: how the Maldives decided to ban shark fishing Tourism more valuable than fisheries: how the Maldives decided to ban shark fishing

investment in natural capital can create and safeguard jobs and underpin economic development

sustainable management is an economic opportunity rather than a constraint on development.

investment in natural capital can create and safeguard jobs and underpin economic development

sustainable management is an economic opportunity rather than a constraint on development.

DEMONSTRATING VALUE:

MAINSTREAMING THE ECONOMICS OF NATURE:

Policy outcome: A blanket ban on shark fishing in 2010

©UNEP/GRID-Arendal

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Costa Rica’s experiences with market for ecosystem services, focus on “Programa de Pagos de Servicios Ambientales” Costa Rica’s experiences with market for ecosystem services, focus on “Programa de Pagos de Servicios Ambientales”

Despite the policy of protected areas creation, deforestation trends during the 20th century were alarming: Costa Rica experienced one of the highest rates of deforestation worldwide during the 1970s and 1980s

Nearly 60% of forests are privately owned land, and are not included in the system of protected areas

The deforested areas were converted into other land use, mainly agricultural use (crop production and pasture)

Despite the policy of protected areas creation, deforestation trends during the 20th century were alarming: Costa Rica experienced one of the highest rates of deforestation worldwide during the 1970s and 1980s

Nearly 60% of forests are privately owned land, and are not included in the system of protected areas

The deforested areas were converted into other land use, mainly agricultural use (crop production and pasture)

CAPTURING VALUE:

©UNEP/GRID-Arendal

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watershed protection

scenic beauty

watershed protection

scenic beauty

carbon fixation/sequestration

biodiversity conservation.

The 1996 Costa Rican Forestry law recognizes four services provided by forests:

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FONAFIFOFondo Nacional de Financiamiento Forestal

managing the funds and making the payments for ecosystem services

FONAFIFOFondo Nacional de Financiamiento Forestal

managing the funds and making the payments for ecosystem services

“Suppliers of ecosystem services”WHO? Landowners, indigenous reserves

WHAT FOR? Contracted for forest conservation and sustainable use

HOW MUCH? All amounts paid are underpinned by economic valuation studies of ecosystem services

“Suppliers of ecosystem services”WHO? Landowners, indigenous reserves

WHAT FOR? Contracted for forest conservation and sustainable use

HOW MUCH? All amounts paid are underpinned by economic valuation studies of ecosystem services

“Buyers of services”

Multilateral Funding: the World Bank and the GEF (Global Environment Facility)

Costa Rican taxpayersPrivate companies (hydro-electric companies…)

“Buyers of services”

Multilateral Funding: the World Bank and the GEF (Global Environment Facility)

Costa Rican taxpayersPrivate companies (hydro-electric companies…)

Costa Rica Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) scheme

Costa Rica Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) scheme

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Group Exercise 4

Identify major policy issues (e.g. food security, water shortages, erosion) in your country and in pairs, brainstorm which ecosystems and their services are connected to which policy issue – e.g. the ecosystems linked to land erosion could be forests.

Using the examples already given from China, the Maldives and Costa Rica, think how the TEEB approach could help you address these policy issues.

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Module 1 Summary Natural capital and poverty reduction: investment for synergies –

livelihoods, food, water, fuel. Making Natures Values Visible: improved evidence base for improved

governance, awareness for action – government (all levels), business, people Measuring better to manage better: from indicators to accounts, valuation

& certification Changing the incentives: payments, taxes, charges, subsidy reform,

markets Protected areas: biodiversity riches that can also offer value for money,

recreation and cultural identity, tourism. Ecological infrastructure and benefits: climate change

(mitigation/adaptation), air pollution & health et al Mainstream the economics of nature: across sectors, across policies, seek

synergies across disciplines.

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teeb training session 4: framing the issue; case study examples using the teeb approach ©teeb

Documents

teeb approach teeb slide

teeb training restoration

teeb training session

value estimate

value of ecosystem services

benefit recognizing

practice recognizing

unepgridarendal teeb