technical protocol for tasar sericulture under mksp-ntfp ...€¦ · mahila kisan sashaktikaran...

Technical Protocol for Tasar Sericulture under

MKSP-NTFP Tasar Projects

Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana Ministry of Rural Development Govt of India

Central Silk Board Ministry of Textiles

Govt of India

PRADANNew Delhi

TECHNICAL PROTOCOL FOR TASAR SERICULTURE UNDER MKSP–NTFP TASAR PROJECTS

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DisclaimerCentral Silk Board (CSB) or PRADAN does not make any warranty, either express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or any third party’s use or the results of such use of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed of the information contained herein or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. The views and opinions of the authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the CSB / PRADAN. While every effort has been made to ensure the correctness of data/information used in this document, neither the authors nor CSB / PRADAN accept any legal liability for the accuracy or inferences drawn from the material contained therein or for any consequences arising from the use of this material.

Text from this document can be quoted provided the source is acknowledged.

Contributors

1. Dr. K. Sathyanarayana, Scientist–D, Central Silk Board

2. Md. Shamshad Alam, Integrator, PRADAN

3. Dr. Soumen Nandi, Sc–D (Retd.), Central Silk Board

Copyright @ February 2018

Layout, designed & printed by Mehra Impressions ( www.mehraimpressions.com )WZ-102, Tihar Village, Opp. Subhash Nagar, New Delhi-110018, India


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Technical Protocol for Nursery Raising under MKSP–NTFP Tasar ProjectsName of the Coordinating/ Technical Support Agency: Central Silk Board, Ministry of Textiles, Govt. of India

Names of the Project Implementing Agencies: Professional Assistance for Development Action (PRADAN) and Bharatiya Agro Industries Foundation (BAIF)

Major activities

Practices (Please mention the name of specific practice/method/substance/equipment used)

Variety Arjun or Asan (from healthy trees)

Source of Seed

Own (collected from selected healthy trees of 15-20 years age)

Seed selection • Should be healthy and dry.

• Should not have broken coat

• Weight should not be less than 2 gram

• Free from insect attack

Seed requirement

• Seed requirement to raise 15,000 seedling is 120 kg (6 bags)

Seed soaking • Sorting seed and filling especially in a gunny bags

• Gunny bag should be filled 70% of its capacity

• Bag should be dipped in a water for 96 hrs for Arjuna seeds and 48 hrs for Asan seeds

• Seed soaking will start when 40% poly bags filling is over

• Seed soaking schedule:

� 1st Day : 2 bags

� 4th Day : 2 bags

� 7th Day : 1 bag

• 1 bag of seed should be kept in stock that can be used in case of failure of germination or shortage of sprouted seedlings

Germination of seed

• Before lifting the seed from water a 3” thick sand bed of size 5’ or any suitable length x 3’ width should be prepared for sprouting

• Sand bed should be prepared in a shady place

• The soaked seed should be spread on the sand bed in two layers and the bed has to be covered with paddy straw and gunny bags

• Sprinkle water regularly over it to keep the bedcover moist

• Sprouting of seed will start on the 8th or 9th day and continue for two weeks.


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Major activities


Rooting media preparation

• First, soil should be crushed and screened on the wooden cot or iron mesh.

• A mixture of soil, sand and vermicompost (soil: 60%, sand: 30% and vermicompost: 10%) should be mixed thoroughly

• Rooting media should be filled in a polythene bag of 8” x 6” size, tightly leaving 1” vacant from the top to hold water.

• Filled polythene bags should be kept vertically in a nursery bed very closely in a compact form

Seed treatment

• Collecting germinated seed and treating with fungicide Bavistin 2gm/lt or Diathane M 45 2gm/lt or bio-fungicide through dipping.

Dibbling • Watering of rooting media continuously for 3 days in the morning and evening so that the poly bags are completely drenched. Small portions of dry rooting media at the bottom of a tube can create problems after dibbling

• Germinated seed should be placed in poly bags just after sprouting which starts 8 days after putting seed on sand bed and completed within 12-14 days from seed soaking

• Sprouted seed should be collected in a basket from the sand bed and should be dipped in a fungicide solution before dibbling

• Dibbling should be strictly carried out in a completely drenched poly bags and in the evening only. No dibbling should be done in the morning

• Dibbling should be done vertically without leaving intermittent space below the radical to avoid wilting

• Radical of the seed should be kept vertically below and soil should be tightly placed all round the seed to protect the radical from hot air.

• Before dibbling poly bags should be drenched and from next day regular watering should be done in the morning (before 7 AM) and in the evening just before sunset.

• Shade should be provided to the bed at a height of 1 ft. The shade should be removed in the evening time before watering and should be placed again on the bed after watering in the morning time

Nursery protection measures

• Dimethoate (Rogar) spray after 30 days of dibbling to prevent seedling from insect attack (dose:1 ml/ltr of water)

• Fungicide should be sprayed if there is a fungal attack in a collar region of sapling.

Intercultural operations

Fortnightly weeding should be practiced

Soil fertility mgmt. /Soil health enrichment and crop nutrient management

• Urea spray after 30 days (dose: 5 gm/liter of water)


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Major activities


Bio-fertilizer/ Organic Manure/ Green manure crops etc

• 100gm vermicompost is used per polythene bag as part of the rooting media

Micro nutrient management

• Dhanzyme (dose: 1 ml/liter of water) and planted (dose: 1.5 ml/liter of water) spray after 45 days if the growth of seedling is not up to the mark. Enzymes should be sprayed after weeding, sorting and grading of seedlings in nursery bed

• Fungicide should be sprayed after 3 days of Dhanzyme spray.

Indicators of quality arjuna/ asan seedlings• Minimum height 15 inch and age at least 60-70 days • Straight, woody and robust stem, free from deformities. • The collar perimeter should be at least 1.5 inches • The leaves should be healthy and have dark green colour • A dense root system with well-developed taproot

Time line Things to be observed Desired situation Task to be advised

0-15 days Percentage of seedlings established

80% seedlings should get established

Gap filling to be completed in next 15 days

16-30 days Average number of leaves per seedling, leaf colouration, percentage survival of gap filled seedlings.

Early-planted seedlings having 6 leaves with dark green colouration. Gap filled plants established.

Removal of shades, weeding / hoeing.

31-45 days Height of the seedlings, number of leaves per plant.

Plants having 8-10 dark green leave. Plants attaining height of 8-10 inches.

Measures for pest control if required. Weeding / hoeing. Application of urea / growth promoters if needed.

46-60 days Number of leaves per plant. Height of the seedlings, collar region perimeter.

12-16 leaves per plant. Plant height 10-12 inches with collar region perimeter 1 inch.

Sorting and shifting of plants, hoeing and weeding. Application of urea / growth promoters if needed.

61-75 days Height of the seedlings, collar region perimeter.

Seedling height 15-18 inches, with collar region perimeter 1.5 inches

Sorting and shifting of plants, hoeing and weeding. Taking final count of seedlings

Performance Indicator of Raising Tasar Host Plants• Survival percentage after one year should be 95% and above.• Average height of plants should be more than 8 ft. after 2nd Hoeing in 3rd year• Survival percentage after two years should be 90% and above. • At least 80% of the plants should get matured in 4th year for tasar silkworm rearing


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Technical Protocol for Tasar Silkworm Rearing under MKSP-NTFP Tasar ProjectsName of the Coordinating/ Technical Support Agency: Central Silk Board, Ministry of Textiles, Govt. of India


Major activities


Tasar Seed and Commercial Silkworm

Traditionally Tasar Seed and Commercial Silkworm conducted on naturally grown trees of Asan and Arjuna. In order to increase productivity and better management of rearing, food plants are also raised as block or economic plantation

Cleaning, disinfection & Hygiene of Rearing Field

• After pruning and leaf sprouting, Dimethoate (0.02%) should be sprayed in two doses with 15 days interval for gall control

• 0.5% and 2% bleaching powder solution should be sprayed on the plants and soil respectively.

• Before rearing, mixture of lime and bleaching powder (ratio 9:1) should be dusted in the field.

Dfl’s Procurement

Variety • Daba (BV) / Daba (TV)

Source of Seed

• Private Graineur / Basic Seed Production Unit (BSPU) Basic Seed Multiplication Training Centre (BSM&TC)

Preparation for rearing

• Selection of brushing site away from waterlogged and in well ventilated area

• To maintain chawki garden portion at an height of 6 to 8’ and erection of nylon net

• The ground area in and around rearing site should be cleared of bushes and weeds, 15 days before brushing

• Disinfection of rearing field and trunk of host plants with spray of 2% bleaching powder solution, 10 days prior to brushing

• Dusting of slaked lime and bleaching powder mixture in ratio of 9:1 in the rearing field on chawkie garden 5 days prior to brushing

Transportation of eggs

• Should be collected two day before hatching.

• Transport dfl’s during cooler hours of the day or early/ late hours of day to avoid any damage due to direct sunlight and high temperature.

• If collected 2-3 days before hatching time, incubate dfls properly.


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Major activities


Incubation of eggs

• Maintain 70-80 % Relative humidity & 280 Celsius Temperature with minimum fluctuation

• Use indigenous devices like earthen pitcher covered with wet gunny cloth to incubate eggs

• Incubate eggs for the period of 1 to 2 days

• Take care of attack of lizards, red ant, birds and rats during incubation. Keep away from smoke and fire

• Conduct Black boxing of eggs for uniform hatching

Hatching of dfls and brushing

• Hatching should be done under shade on a blue polythene sheet

• Hatched larvae should be fed with tender twigs and crawled over worms transferred with help of soft brush/ feather

Chawki (Young-age) Rearing

• Brushed worms along with tender twigs should be shifted to chawki garden under nylon net

• Rear chawki worms under nylon nets till 2nd moult

• Foliar spray of Jeevan Sudha once in each stage only on the branches where larvae are feeding

• Foliar spray of Leaf Surface Microbes once during 2nd stage

• Dusting mixture of slaked lime and laboratory grade bleaching powder in ratio 97 gm: 3 gm on the worms throughout the rearing except at the time of moulting and cocooning

Late Age Rearing

Pre-preparation

• Select well grown bushes or food plants for rearing larvae from III instar onwards.

• Clean and field disinfect rearing site before transferring chawki worms to food plants.

• Remove newly sprouted leaves during late age rearing.

• Dusting of slaked lime and bleaching powder mixture in ratio of 97:3 throughout the rearing cycle except during moulting and cocoon formation

• Remove dead/ diseased worms to avoid secondary infection of diseases

Care during moulting

• Larvae should not be disturbed during moulting

• The transfer should be done only 2-4 hours after ecdysis when the worms are fed adequately.

After rearing • Disinfection of rearing field with spray of 2% bleaching powder solution after one week after harvest of cocoons

Performance Indicator of Tasar Seed Crop

• Each rearer to have chawki garden support up to third instar worms

• Should prune and maintain at least 125 plants for chawki rearing

• All the host trees should be applied with fertilizers/ organic manures

• Each rearer should have 2 nylon nets and minimum of 2 chawkie rearing sites

• Average production of 5-10 kg of leaves in every plant in chawkie garden


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• Nets should be installed at least a day before the expected date of hatching.

• Seed rearers should rear a maximum of 200 DFLs

• Overall harvest should be 40 cocoons per DFL

• Disease percentage in pupa should be less than 10%

• 32 grainage-grade cocoons per DFL

• Average net income per seed rearer should be Rs.10200/-

Performance Indicator of Tasar Commercial Crop

• Each rearer to have chawki garden support up to third instar worms

• Should prune and maintain at least 125 plants for chawki rearing

• All the host trees should be applied with fertilizers/ organic manures

• Each rearer should have 2 nylon nets and minimum of 2 chawkie rearing sites

• Average production of 5-10 kg of leaves in every plant in chawkie garden

• Nets should be installed at least a day before the expected date of hatching.

• Commercial rearers should rear a minimum of 200 DFLs

• Overall harvest should be 40 good cocoons per DFL.

• Average shell weight should be above 1.5 gm for bivoltine and above 1 gm for trivoltine.

• At least 60% of the harvest should be A-grade cocoons

• Average net income per rearer should be Rs. 19,100/-


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Technical Protocol for Disease Monitoring under MKSP-NTFP Tasar ProjectsName of the Coordinating/ Technical Support Agency: Central Silk Board, Ministry of Textiles, Govt. of India


Major activities Practices (Please mention the name of specific practice/method/substance/equipment used)

Disease monitoring • To examine measures taken for field disinfection, disease containing measures prior to and during rearing, at the time of seed cocoon procurement, preservation and processing.

• To assess and evaluate the quality of seed cocoon stocks preserved at Basic Seed Production Units (BSPU)/ BSM & TCs.

• To evaluate the extent of pebrine in the seed stock through microscopic examination by adopting recommended methods and recommend the fitness of seed cocoons for nucleus/basic seed production.

• To evaluate the method of seed cocoon preservation at different seed production units and suggest corrective measures, if any.

• To assess the availability of equipments and the microscopic examination facilities as well as the proper disposal system for grainage refuse.

• To suggest steps to be taken for disinfection and other disease control measures prior to and during rearings for improvement in seed cocoon stocks.

Schedule of examination • Larval examination during IV/V Stage worms

• Examination of pre-pupae prior to seed cocoon procurement and pupae, before preservation

• Moth examination during erratic emergence & grainage operation

Record of disease incidence • Details of disease incidence and its reporting need to be recorded in the prescribed format enclosed at the end.

Schedule of activities to be followed for disease monitoring in the field Prior to brushing

15 days before brushingThe ground area in and around rearing site should be cleared of bushes and weeds

5 days prior to brushingDusting of slaked lime and bleaching powder mixture in ratio of 9:1 in the rearing field

During rearing

Once each in 1st, 2nd and 3rd instar

Foliar spray of Jeevan Sudha only on the branches where larvae are feeding

Once during 2nd stage Foliar spray of Leaf Surface Microbes

Once each in 2nd, 3rd, 4th instar and thrice during 5th instar at an interval of 4 days

Dusting of slaked lime and bleaching powder mixture in ratio of 97:3


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Major activities Practices (Please mention the name of specific practice/method/substance/equipment used)

After rearing

One week after harvest of cocoons

Disinfection of rearing field with spray of 2% bleaching powder solution

Prior to procurement of cocoons in the grainage

10 days before consignment of seed cocoons

The grainage house and appliances should be washed thoroughly with water next day followed by 3% formalin/ 2% Bleaching powder solution.

6 days before consigning the seed cocoons

Fumigation of grainage house with sulphur and formaldehyde solution (1kg : 2lt)


Open the doors and windows to remove fumes

1 day before consigning the seed cocoons

Sprinkling of slaked lime and bleaching powder (9:1) in and all around the grainage house

During consignment of the cocoons

Every Day Clean the floor with bleaching powder solution and running water

During grainage operations

Every day • Clean floor and verandah with 5% bleaching powder solution after completion of each day’s grainage operation

• Use gunny cloth soaked in 5% formalin as foot mat tray at grainage door

Every day • Sprinkle Slaked lime and bleaching powder (9:1) all round the grainage house

• Washing and surface sterilization of eggs

Disposal of grainage waste

Daily after mother moth examination

Disposal of cut moths & rejected egg layings in soak pit and sprinkle bleaching powder

a) Draft format for the Disease monitoring team during the grainage operation:

Name of the BSPU/ BSM&TC

Source of Seed cocoons

No. of cocoons preserved

No. of pupae tested

Pebrine %

Other disease incidence if any

Remarks

Male Female

Note: Action suggested by the Team during their earlier visit and action taken by the unit need to be recorded.


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Technical Protocol for Tasar Silkworm Seed Production under MKSP-NTFP Tasar ProjectsName of the Coordinating/ Technical Support Agency: Central Silk Board, Ministry of Textiles, Govt. of India


Major activitiesPractices (Please mention the name of specific practice/method/substance/equipment used)

Disease monitoring

• To examine measures taken for field disinfection, disease containing measures prior to and during rearing, at the time of seed cocoon procurement, preservation and processing.

• To assess and evaluate the quality of seed cocoon stocks preserved at Basic Seed Production Units (BSPU)/ BSM & TCs.

• To evaluate the extent of pebrine in the seed stock through microscopic examination by adopting recommended methods and recommend the fitness of seed cocoons for nucleus/basic seed production.

• To evaluate the method of seed cocoon preservation at different seed production units and suggest corrective measures, if any.

• To assess the availability of equipments and the microscopic examination facilities as well as the proper disposal system for grainage refuse.

• To suggest steps to be taken for disinfection and other disease control measures prior to and during rearings for improvement in seed cocoon stocks.

Schedule of examination

• 15 days prior to brushing

• Larval examination during IV/V age

• Examination of pre-pupae prior to seed cocoon procurement and pupae, before preservation

• Moth examination during erratic emergence & grainage operation

Record of disease incidence

• Details of disease incidence and its reporting need to be recorded in the prescribed format enclosed at the end.

Schedule of activities to be followed for disease monitoring in the field

Prior to brushing

15 days before brushing

The ground area in and around rearing site should be cleared of bushes and weeds

10 days prior to brushing

Disinfection of rearing field and trunk of host plants with spray of 2% bleaching powder solution

5 days prior to brushing

Dusting of slaked lime and bleaching powder mixture in ratio of 9:1 in the rearing field


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Major activitiesPractices (Please mention the name of specific practice/method/substance/equipment used)

During rearing

Once each in 1st, 2nd and 3rd instar

Foliar spray of Jeevan Sudha only on the branches where larvae are feeding

Once during 2nd stage

Foliar spray of Leaf Surface Microbes

Once each in 2nd, 3rd, 4th instar and thrice during 5th instar at an interval of 4 days

Dusting of slaked lime and bleaching powder mixture in ratio of 97:3

After rearing

One week after harvest of cocoons

Disinfection of rearing field with spray of 2% bleaching powder solution

Prior to procurement of cocoons in the grainage

10 days before consignment of seed cocoons

The grainage house and appliances should be washed thoroughly with water next day followed by 3% formalin/ 2% Bleaching powder solution.


Fumigation of grainage house with sulphur and formaldehyde solution (1kg: 2 lt)


Open the doors and windows to remove fumes

1 day before consigning the seed cocoons

Sprinkling of slaked lime and bleaching powder (9:1) in and all around the grainage house

During consignment of the cocoons

Every Day Clean the floor with bleaching powder solution and running water

During grainage operations

Every day • Clean floor and verandah with 5% bleaching powder solution after completion of each day’s grainage operation

• Use gunny cloth soaked in 5% formalin as foot mat tray at grainage door

Every day • Sprinkle Slaked lime and bleaching powder (9:1) all round the grainage house

• Washing and surface sterilization of eggs

Disposal of grainage waste

Daily after mother moth examination

Disposal of cut moths & rejected egg layings in soak pit and sprinkle bleaching powder


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b) Draft format for the Disease monitoring team during the grainage operation:

Name of the BSPU/ BSM&TC

Source of Seed cocoons

No. of cocoons preserved

No. of pupae tested

Pebrine %

Other disease incidence if any

Remarks

Male Female

Note: Action suggested by the Team during their earlier visit and action taken by the unit need to be recorded.

Performance Indicator of Tasar Seed Production

• Cocoon: DFLs ratio should be 4:1

• Disease % of a grainage should be less than 20%

• Hatching % of eggs should be more than 80%

• Grainage duration should be less than 3 weeks

• At least 75% DFLs should be prepared within the brushing schedule

• Overall production of DFLs should not be less than 4,000

• Maintenance of day-to-day record of grainage operations

• Average net income per graineur should be Rs. 22000/-

Schedule of Activities in Tasar culturei. Activity Chart for raising Kisan nursery of Tasar host plants

Activity/ Month & Fortnight APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUG

I II I II I II I II I II

Preparation of land for nursery

Collection of arjuna seeds

Making cattle proof trench

Procurèrent of inputs

Filling up of poly bags

Soaking, heap formation & germination of seeds

Placing germinated seed in poly bags

Maintenance of seedlings

Supply of seedlings


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ii. Activity Chart for raising Block & Chawki Plantation of Tasar host plants

Activity/ Month & Fortnight APRIL MAY AUG SEPT NOV DEC

I II I II I II I II I II I II

Land husbandry

Making cattle proof trench

Digging of pits & filling with rooting media

Procurement of seedlings

Transplantation of seedlings

Maintenance of plantation

Basin formation

Application of vermicompost/ organic manure

iii. Activity Schedule for Hoeing operation in Tasar host plantation

Age of the plantHoeing Sequence

Hoeing Schedule

Radius of the hoeing circle

2 months after transplantation 1st hoeing Sept - Oct 1 ft. from the plant base

1 year after transplantation1st Hoeing June - July

1.5 ft from the plant base2nd Hoeing Sept - Oct

2 years after transplantation1st Hoeing June - July

2 ft. from the plant base2nd Hoeing Sept - Oct

3 years after transplantation 1st Hoeing June - July2.5 ft. from the plant base

2nd Hoeing Sept - Oct

iv. Activity Schedule for Tasar Silkworm Rearing

Crop Season – Bivoltine Tentative Season

I crop – Seed July - August

II crop – Commercial Sept - November

Crop Season – Trivoltine

I crop - TV Seed June - July

II crop - TV Seed August - September

III crop - TV Commercial Oct - December


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v. Activity Chart for Nucleus Seed and Commercial Rearing

Activity/ Month & Fortnight JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV

I II I II I II I II I II I II

Application of inputs for maintenance of plantation

Supply of tasar silkworm seed

Crop & Rearers' insurance

Conducting silkworm rearing

Harvesting of seed cocoons

Disposal of seed cocoons

vi. Activity Chart for Basic Seed Rearing

Activity/ Month & Fortnight JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT

I II I II I II I II I II

Supply of inputs for maintenance of block plantation

Supply of Basic seed to BSRs

Crop & Rearers' insurance

Conducting silkworm rearing

Harvesting of seed cocoons

Disposal of seed cocoons

vii. Activity chart for Commercial Seed Production

Activity/Month & Fortnight

APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV

I II I II I II I II I II I II I II I II

Construction of grainage house

Procurement of grainage equipment

Procurement of consumables

Procurement of seed cocoons

Processing of seed cocoons

Prodn of commercial DFLs

Sale/supply of pierced cocoons

Note: Yellow block represent Bivoltine, Blue block represent Trivoltine and Green block common for both


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Micro-enterprises in tasar culture

Activity Stakeholder Tentative Period Individual/ Group activity

Tentative incremental income (Rs.)/ cycle

Raising of seedlings

Kisan Nursery Entrepreneur

120Individual/ Group

38000

Plantation farmer/ Silkworm rearing

Basic Seed Rearing

Basic Seed Rearer 35-50 Individual 12,800

Nucleus Seed Rearing

Nucleus Seed Rearer

50-70 Individual 25,000

Commercial Rearing

Commercial Rearer

50-70 Individual 20,000

Silkworm Seed Production

Basic SeedProducer Institution

200-220 Group 83,000

Commercial SeedProducer Group/ Private Graineur

20-30Group/ Individual

22,000

Reeling* Reeler 240 Individual 20,000

Spinning* Spinner 240 Individual 16,000

*depends on the raw material, machine and skill level of the operator

This publication has been made possible with the financial support from Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India,

under the Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana (MKSP) tasar projects

Central Silk Board

Ministry of Textiles,

Government of India

CSB Complex, BTM Layout

Bangalore–560068

T: 080 26282699, 26282100

E: [email protected]

W: www.csb.gov.in

PRADAN

E-1/A, Ground Floor

Kailash Colony

New Delhi-110048

T: 011 40407700

E: [email protected]

W: www.pradan.net

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technical protocol for tasar sericulture under mksp-ntfp ...€¦ · mahila kisan sashaktikaran...

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