TEAMALL GOLD EVERYTHINGAlfredoXavierMarkEmily

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CATTLE ERAThe cattle era was reconized as a huge era, because it was the biggestcattle drive the world had ever seen. 36,000 cattle could be found being taken to kansas to be sold .By 1877, 500,000 cattle were driven out of dogekansas, being the biggest cattle drive ever made in history.In 1867 a trail was opened innew mexico to start a whole new cattle drive.Forth worth was one of the firstcattle towns in Texas .Over the later years cattle drives were being shorton by thousands which came to the end of the cattle drives.COTTON ERATexas was a big part in the cotton erafor producing 53,073 bales of cotton.[500 poundsa piece].The civil war caused a hugedecrease in production.Texas was 8 th place in cottonproduction in the united states, with over 2,178,435 areas, of cotton production. Which produced over 805,284 bales of cotton.An increase in cotton production was the advance of technologyimprovements, such as cotton ginning- the process of separating cotton fibers from thier seeds,cleaning fibers,and bailing the lintfor shipment to market.The cotton era for Texas hasnt slowed downever since new technology was found in corpus christi during the 1890s.RAILROAD ERAThe first types of rail road in Texas, were used in mines and quarries; heavyloads of expensive materials were transported by wooden carts and tooken to the surface.The rail road era startred in 1850, were companies constructed the railroads.Then in the 1860 rail roads started being foundall over the country.This helped people travel fast, transport goods, and transportcattle.I think historians divided the past into eras, becauseit helps them easily identify a major event that happenedfor a long time.

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TransportationIn the 1800s people mostly traveled by train,steamboat,stage coach , ferry and carrige, but the main type of transportation, was steam boats.The newly created steam boat helped people travel from coast to coast.And was used very frequently, around Gavelston.Another way ofTransportation in the coastal plains, was the Houston-Galveston railway .It helped people travel 32 citys around houston and galveston.After the civil war ,huge railroad tracks were made in the 18 hundredsthat helped people travel all over the united states, but the train wasntjust made for people. It helped transport goods, and was a major resourcefor the cattle drive.

llllllllllllllllllllIrrigationIn 1816, farmers started to construct dams.The dams were a source for water and irrigation. The dams were built tohelp famers irragate their land when no rain came.Reservoirs were also built during this time.Canals were also in use to collect water out of them and or pump them.During droughts the reservois were used to irragate land when no rain came to the farmers land.When farmershad no more water to irragate thier plants, they will abandon thierfarms to save money from dieing crops.

lllllllllllllCommunication Communication: Telegram, telegraph, trained homing pigeons, land markings, morass code, Mail, March 10th 1876 the phone was invented (Alexander Gram Bell). In the 18th century, communication was still carried out by the spoken or written word. The printing press, not developed in the west until about the 15th century, made it easier to spread news of current interest, but even that was done by messengers using horses, so mass communication as we have use of the term was not yet known. Throughout history, long distance communication was a matter of patience lots of patience. Postmen have existed longer than humans can write, but the physical transport of spoken or written messages was always limited by the speed of the messenger. Humans or horses can maintain a speed of 5 or 6 kilometres an hour for long distances. If they walk 10 hours a day, the transmission of a message from Paris to Antwerp would take about a week. Poster systems were designed that made use of the changing of postmen. In these stations, the message was transferred to another runner or rider, or the horseman could change his horse. These organised systems greatly increased the speed of the postal services. The average speed of a galloping horse is 21 kilometres an hour, which means that the distance in time between Paris and Antwerp could be shortened to a few days. A carrier pigeon was twice as fast, but less reliable. Intercontinental communication was limited to the speed of shipping. The optical telegraph network consisted of a chain of towers, each placed 5 to 20 kilometers apart from each other. On each of these towers a wooden semaphore and two telescopes were mounted in the 1800s. The semaphore had two signaling arms which each could be placed in seven positions. The wooden post itself could also be turned in 4 positions, so that 196 different positions were possible. Every one of these arrangements corresponded with a code for a letter, a number, a word or a part of a sentence. Every tower had a telegrapher, looking through the telescope at the previous tower in the chain. If the semaphore on that tower was put into a certain position, the telegrapher copied that symbol on his own tower. Next he used the telescope to look at the succeeding tower in the chain, to control if the next telegrapher had copied the symbol correctly. In this way, messages were signed through symbol by symbol from tower to tower. The semaphore was operated by two levers. A telegrapher could reach a speed of 1 to 3 symbols per minute. His technology today may sound a bit absurd, but in those times the optical telegraph was a genuine revolution. Faster than a modern passenger plane this was invented only one and a half centuries later. From Paris to Lille could happen in ten minutes, which comes down to a speed of 1,380 kilometers an hour.