teaching technology instructional technology · teaching technology instructional technology...

Teaching Technology Instructional Technology Behavioural Technology

Instructional Design Technology

4/6/2016 1 Dr. Priya Mathew SJCE Mysore

Educational Technology

Teaching Technology

It is a subsystem of educational technology

Is concerned with the systematization of the process of teaching.

It provides necessary theory and practice for the teachers to bring improvement in the task of teaching.

Teaching cannot be treated as a sum total of certain teaching skills.

Teacher has to play the role of a technician by learning the art and science of teaching. – do his job effectively.

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Dr. Priya Mathew SJCE Mysore Educational Technology

A technical knowledge and skill of task requires that it should be completed with reasonable economy and greater efficiency.

If a teacher knows the art and techniques or if he is in a position to make use of the teaching technology in realizing the teaching objectives, he can get more success in his task with the least of efforts.



besides having a good knowledge or mastery over the subject, the teacher must be well equipped with the technological skills like:

Communication skill

Skill of interaction with his students

Skill of making the students to learn and think independently

Skill of evaluating and reinforcing pupil’s learning behaviour, etc.



Fundamental Principles and

characteristics of Teaching

Technology

Teaching is a scientific process and its major components are content, communication and feedback

There is a close relationship between teaching and learning

It is possible to modify and improve and develop the teaching-learning activities

The terminal behaviour of the learner, in terms of learning structures, can be established by appropriate teaching environment.

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Principles & Characteristics

Teaching skills can be developed and

strengthened by means of feedback devices

with or without sophisticated techniques.

Pre-determined learning objectives can be

achieved by designing suitable learning

activities.

Use of achievement motivation techniques

enhances the output of the teacher and the

learner.


Contents of teaching technology

Planning of teaching

Organization of teaching

Leading of Teaching

Controlling of Teaching (Davies (1971). Management of Learning)

It should be learned and practiced by a teacher for becoming a teaching technician.

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1. Planning of Teaching

Helps a teacher to plan the details of his teaching journey to be travelled along with his students.

A teacher must first try to formulate teaching-learning objectives to be realized through the ongoing teaching learning process.

Plan for the realization of the set objectives by taking care of The entry behaviour of the learner

Selection of appropriate learning experiences

Selection of proper teaching methods, strategies, and aid materials.

Creating a conducive and helpful environment for proper teaching- learning

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2. Organization of Teaching

It supplies the necessary skills and knowledge to the concerned teacher for arranging, relating and organizing all the available teaching –learning resources, men and material

Realization of the set teaching –learning objectives in the most effective, efficient and economic way

It talks about the ways and means of seeking cooperation of the administration personnel, parent, and community.

Developing teacher’s own competencies for better communication including proper use of teaching methods, aids, strategies…..

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3.Leading of Teaching

It provides necessary knowledge and skills for a teacher to motivate, encourage, and guide and thus lead his students on the path of learning for the realization of the objectives.

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4. Controlling of Teaching

Help a teacher to acquire knowledge and skill for the proper measurement and assessment of the teaching-learning outcomes. i.e. the output of his teaching in view of the set teaching- learning objectives.

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Instructional Technology

Instructional technology is a subset of educational technology,

based on the concept that instruction is a subset of education.

Education is a comprehensive process and imparting of

instruction is one of the several means to achieve the goals of

education.

Helping the instructor and the Lerner in the desired

instructional task in a given teaching-learning situation for the

realization of the stipulated instructional objectives.

It includes the means and materials concerning individualized

instruction and self –learning including teaching machines and

computer assisted learning, independent of teachers and their

acts.

It is a type of technology meant for bringing improvement in the instructional process.


Instruction stands for certain type of command meant for getting some specific information, knowledge, and understanding about the thing, system, or process.

This technology help the learner and instructor (or the self learning packages)in this task.

IT, first try to plan what type of instruction and instructional material are needed in a particular teaching –learning situation and then suggests ways and means for utilization of this instructional material



• Realization of objectives which is mostly cognitive (development of knowledge and understanding) in nature

• Affective and psychomotor domains of the learner’s behaviour is almost neglected

• It makes the learner quite independent in his learning task

• He/she is no more in need of a tutor or teacher for carrying out the instructional work and realizing the teaching –learning objectives.

• Learning task becomes quite simple, systematic and interesting according to the learner’s needs, abilities and pace of learning.

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Dr. Priya Mathew SJCE Mysore


It is a subsystem of educational technology

which helps the instructor or the learner

himself as a part of his self learning or auto-

instruction by determining the media,

methods, and materials for the realization of

the stipulated instructional objectives in a

given teaching learning situation



Cognitive: The cognitive objectives can be achieved effectively by the use of instructional technology.

Analysis of content: The content matter can be divided into elements and each element can be presented independently. It provides a deep insight into the content, structure, and sequence of its elements.

Learning Conditions: External learning conditions can be created by arranging the elements in a logical sequence.



Continuous Reinforcement: Appropriate

reinforcement can be provided continuously with the use of instruction.

Effective use of aids: Strategies and tactics of instruction can be used for achieving certain well defined set of instructional objectives.

Individual learning: The learner gets an opportunity to learn at his own pace. (individualized instruction and self learning including teaching machines and computer assisted learning).

Learning theory: Instructional technology incorporates the psychological learning theories and principles.



Instructional theory: Instructional theory may be developed by using this technology in learning process. It involves employing ideas, tools, A-V material, devices, techniques, procedures for making learning more effective.



What type of behavioral changes are to be expected after going through the piece of instruction to the learner is to be decided

Take decision according to:

1. The age and grade level of the learner

2. The physical, emotional, social and mental potential of the learner.

3. The previous experience of the learner related to the subject and topic

4. the men-material resource available for imparting instruction.

For setting instructional objectives, make use of Bloom’s Taxonomy of instructional objectives.



Select the teaching-learning experience

Organize and integrate them properly for utilizing the course of instruction

Divide into properly related and sequenced units by following the principles of simple to complex, specific to general, theory, to practice etc.

All such decisions are facilitated by the knowledge and skills provided by IT.



No single media or method is suitable for all types of instruction

Depending upon the nature of the piece of instruction and resources and environment available in a particular teaching - learning situation

Instructional Strategies: Lecture strategy, Demonstration, tutorial, narration, description, explaining, illustration, role playing, gaming, group discussion, question-answer, discovery or heuristic, problem solving, excursion, assignment, brain storming, etc.



Special instructional procedures for carrying out auto-instruction or self-learning like programmed learning instruction, instruction carried out with the help of teaching machines, computer assisted instruction, personalized system of Instruction(PSI) , learner controlled instruction etc.

Cooperative or group instructional strategies like working on a project, living and learning in a community, team teaching, etc.



Helps to aware or conscious of the need, selection, and organization of suitable instructional environment.

Particular type of environment is suitable for carrying out particular type of instruction



Helps to know how far a teacher or a learner has been successful in realizing the stipulated instructional objectives through a well planned strategy of evaluation

Teacher made test, standardized test, construction of the achievement test, self- evaluation test, etc.



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