teaching old dogs new tricks

External | INST/NE | 11/4/2015 | © Bosch Software Innovations GmbH 2015. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation,

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Teaching Old Dogs New Tricks

Lessons learned after one year of open source activities in the Internet of Things

Stefan Ferber & 20+ friends helping


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Abstract

We at Bosch believe that the technology that comes with the “Internet of Things” (IoT) has genuine potential to deliver value,

meaning, insight and fun in order to tackle major challenges of the 21st century in several domains like mobility, energy, home

& building, cities and manufacturing. In our vision of the future, each of our electronic products is connected to the internet.

This connectivity will allow for disruptive business models and new services. Developing the business ecosystem around IoT

targeting different stakeholders in the IoT value chain from silicon vendors to system integrators is a major task for Bosch.

Typical examples are:

Strategic Alliances: Industrial Internet Consortium (IIC) addressing partner companies and potential customers of IoT

projects though showcasing IoT use-cases in real world test beds. Bosch was the initiator of first public IIC test bed.

Business Consortia: Hubject (Electromobility) and mozaiq (Smart Home) in order to break though in immature markets.

Bosch is amongst the co-founding companies.

System Integrators: Partnership with TechM, Infosys, and TCS to scale out internationally.

Standardization: OSGi Alliance membership with ProSyst – now belonging to Bosch – a longstanding member of the OSGi

board, also driving the IoT activities. OSGi is Bosch strategic IoT technology.

Open Source: Building on open technology like Eclipse, Apache, CloudFoundry, Linux and bringing IoT key elements to the

commons via Eclipse IoT.

This talk will highlight how Bosch tries to align the above activities developing the IoT market using the example of OSGi.

Particularly, the lessons learned after one year of active open source contribution to the Eclipse IoT community will be

discussed: from topics regarding product liability, change of software business model, impact on agile development and team

dynamics we at Bosch believe that other companies from old industry probably face similar impediments. They are part of the

very different approaches and world views found in embedded system development as compared to Internet & IT software

development.

Besides learning new tricks and all the challenges, we at Bosch are committed to an open platform approach as we believe

that “nobody can do I(o)T alone”.


Handout



Bosch Group

Active in four business areas

Mobility Solutions

€ 33 Billion

Industrial Technology

€ 7 Billion

Consumer Goods

€ 4 Billion

Energy and Building

€ 5 Billion



Bosch as a software company

Researchers and developers across the globe

45,700 associates in

research and development

15,000 software engineers

3,000 developers for the

Internet of Things

94 research and development locations

in 25 countries

*Locations with 50 or more associates as per December 31, 2014



Software

platform

Smart

things

Services &

applications

One open IoT platform for all domains:

Manufacturing

Energy

Mobility

Home/building

Smart City

The three layers of the IoT

A software platform converts information provided by

smart things into services.



Bosch Software Innovations

At a glance

≈ 600 associates Milestones since 2008

2008 Bosch acquires Innovations Software Technology

2011 Change of name to Bosch Software Innovations

2011 Bosch acquires inubit

2012 Opening of the Bosch IoT Lab at the

University of St. Gallen

2013 Launch of the Bosch IoT Suite

2014 First Bosch ConnectedWorld

2015 First European testbed for the Industrial

Internet Consortium

2015 Bosch acquires ProSyst Software

The software and systems house emerged out of the two earliest acquisitions in the IoT space

Shanghai

Chicago

Sofia (ProSyst)

Singapore

Germany

Berlin

Cologne (ProSyst)

Waiblingen

Immenstaad

Handout




Setting the Stage

1. Short story: Internet of Things

2. 5 way„s to fight your solitariness & loneliness

3. Three different playgrounds

Main Part

4. Dog„s new tricks

5. Dog„s lessons

6. The purpose of the commons in IoT

Outline



Chapter 1:

Short Story:

Internet of Things



Internet of Things at Bosch: Architecture



„Nobody can do I(o)T alone“

Major change in doing business for established industries

Value chain Business ecosystem



Definition “Business Ecosystem”

"Business Ecosystems" are defined as intentional communities of economic actors

whose individual business activities share in some large measure the fate of the

whole community…. Establish business ecosystems to co-evolve innovation across

complementary contributions arising within multiple markets and hierarchies

Business”

James F. Moore:

Ecosystems and the View From the Firm, Antitrust Bulletin, Fall 2005



Value Chain Ecosystem

decisions independent shared

competitors not part of it often part of it

consumers not part of it often part of it

platform - shared

visions, goals, ethic values independent shared

number of members small large

fate dependent shared

stability volatile sustainable

„Nobody can do I(o)T alone“

Business Ecosystem = Value Network + Open Culture + Platform

Handout



Chapter 2:

Five way„s to fight your

solitariness & loneliness



Requirements Specifications Standards Test &

Certification Open Source

Market Development

Commercial Incubation

HGI Test

Event

IIC

Testbed

EEBus

Plugfest

CCNx

Complexity of the IoT Landscape

Mapping of IoT Industry Alliances



Developing the business ecosystem around IoT

Five types and their interrelation

Business Consortia

Strategic Alliances

System Integrators

Standardization

Open Source



Strategic Alliances: Industrial Internet Consortium

Track & Trace Testbed



Business Consortia: mozaiq operations GmbH

Open smart home platform

Interoperability between devices and services



Business Consortia: mozaiq operations GmbH

Benefits About the project

Ensure interoperability between devices and services

Enables simple data exchange between devices from

different manufacturers

Platform services support B2C business and open up new

business opportunities

Platform supplements existing backend systems

Founded by ABB, Bosch, and Cisco in 2015

Accelerate the development of the smart home market

Develop and operate an open software platform

Product in use

Java, OSGi and HGI compliant, supported protocols

include Z-Wave, ZigBee, EnOcean, KNX

Field-proven middleware optimized for use in commercial home gateways

Handout



System Integrators

Importance of Partners to change business reality

USD 37+ bn combined turn over

750,000 software

developers

90% + of Forbes 500 customers

covered

4,000+ combined number of

customers in 2014

120+ countries presence



OSGi architecture and specifications

o one can do I(o)T alone“ – OSGi architecture for IoT Open standardization

OSGi was made for IoT

Founded in 1999

Spec Releases

www.osgi.org/Specifications

Providing modular, dynamic

architecture for multiple industries

OSGi IoT Expert Group

launched Sept 2015

Collecting RFP‟s for new

OSGi IoT specs

Collaboration with other industry bodies



OSGi specifications

Cross industry adoption and membership

Completing the puzzle

Millions of product solutions

Adoption in vendor solutions

Adoption in open source

Eclipse, Apache

Strategic partnerships

In Smart Home

In IoT

Handout



Where?

IoT Playground

Contest Winner?

€200 Amazon voucher

See & Play with OSGi Alliance IoT Demo: Join the Contest

2

4

“No one can do I(o)T alone“ – OSGi IoT Demo End2end: OSGi Alliance IoT Demo @ IoT Playground



Developing the business ecosystem around IoT

Five types and their interrelation

Business Consortia

Strategic Alliances

System Integrators

Standardization

Open Source



Chapter 3:

Three different kind of dogs



Intr

anet

Web 2

.0

People

Mobile

Devices

Embedded Systems Consumer IT

Cloud operations

IoT platforms

IoT Applications

Enterprise(s)

Enterprise IT

Convergence of three different worlds

Different markets and systems thinking approaching each other



Embedded Developer Enterprise Developer Web Developer

Three different development paradigms

Hans-Peter Juane Joe

C

Safety

Product Liability

Java Security

SLA

JS & html5 Responsive

DevOps



Three different development paradigms

Embedded Developer Enterprise Developer Web-Developer

C

determinism

control

real-time real-time

safety

reliability

zero defects

ppm ppm ppm

product liability

ISO/IEC/DIN

Patents

Optimized for

hardware cost

Java

event-controlled

Best effort

SOA

Security

Availability

Optimized for SW cost

regular updates

SLA

ITIL process

Business Partners

Firewall

Optimized for

software cost

JS, html5

Virtualisation

Browser

Availability

Security

Open

DevOps

Agile

Responsive

Optimized for

market penetration

Handout



Chapter 4:

Dog‟s new tricks



Tooling for Automotive Embedded Software

Open Source as enabler for automotive development cooperation

Automotive Working Group

2003

2008

2010

2015



Learning Open Source within the Bosch since 2009

Learning Open Source within the Bosch since 2009



Bosch History in Open Source

200? Official use of Open Source Software internally

2004 “Visual Rules” sold as eclipse plug-in

Corporate Research starts studies & projects

2007 Funding decision for strategic open source research project

2009 First inner source ("Bosch Internal Open Source") launched

Eclipse Foundation solution member

2010 First Kernel drivers for Bosch sensors released as Open Source

First OEM customer request to use Open Source for their product

2011 Robert Bosch Car Multimedia joins Genivi

First Open Source Project from ETAS & Bosch India: Busmaster

2014 Bosch-wide regulation for Use of OSS in products

Joining Linux Foundation: Advanced Driver Information Technology Corporation (ADIT)*

2015 First project lead in Eclipse: Vorto

Open Source Release of Amalthea Tool Platform

2016 Eclipse Foundation strategic member

Major Milestones

Handout

* a joint venture between DENSO Corporation and Robert Bosch Car Multimedia GmbH,



http://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/Bosch-Eclipse-Co-arbeiten-an-Entwicklungsplattform-fuer-Embedded-Manycore-Systeme-2745312.html

Handout



2015 Value in Numbers

LOC captured: > 65‟000 k

LOC contributed: 50 k

Users: > 10„000

Contributors &

Committers: > 30

Eclipse: Value for Bosch

OSS development consortium with established code base for Bosch

Industry‟s best model for vendor-neutral collaboration on innovation

Includes all requirements of industry collaboration: Licensing model for sharing co-developed innovation

IP management to maximize commercialization opportunities and reduce legal risk

Project model for coordinating investments and activities

Governance model to ensure a level playing field for all participants

Bosch activities

Eclipse IDE

IWG Internet of Things (IoT):

Vorto, Leshan, Californium, hawkBit

IWG Automotive:

Artop User Group, AMALTHEA Platform

IWG Long Term Support (LTS)

OSEE-ALM, SPHINX, RAP



Members 240 members

12 strategic members:

Eclipse Foundation

OSS development consortium

Industry‟s best model for vendor-neutral collaboration on innovation

Includes all requirements of industry collaboration: Licensing model for sharing co-developed innovation

IP management to maximize commercialization opportunities and reduce legal risk

Project model for coordinating investments and activities

Governance model to ensure a level playing field for all participants

Numbers 261 projects (46 new in past 12 months)

130 MLOC/year code change velocity

1069 committers from 100+ organizations

9 million active users of Eclipse IDE

1.5 million downloads/month (average)

2 million unique visitors/month

USD 5.0m annual budget / 24 staff

75 events per year

7 collaborative working groups

Handout

http://www.ca.com/

http://www.actuate.com/

http://www.ibm.com/

http://www.sap.com/

http://www.eclipse.org/membership/showMember.php?member_id=827



Chapter 5:

Puppy @ Eclipse IoT

Source: http://mastersdogfoods.co.uk/masters-eclipse-dog-puppy-super-premium-dog-food.html

http://mastersdogfoods.co.uk/masters-eclipse-dog-puppy-super-premium-dog-food.html

















Will Ralph Müller retire now?



Eclipse strategic membership

The Eclipse Open Source Community has become a major technology enabler for multiple

Bosch businesses impacting more than 10,000 Bosch software developers daily.

To appropriately reflect the strategic relevance for Bosch, we will change the membership

status from today‟s “Solutions Member” into “Strategic Member”.

Key goals:

Promote and establish an open platform as de-facto standard for Internet of Things

in IWG IoT

Establish worldwide common SW-Tool-Chains for automotive development

in IWG Automotive

Provide long term support over 12 years for critical development tools

in IWG Long Term Support (LTS)

Attract talented open source developer

Get early developer feedback in case of contributions

Promote open technology

Reasons for Bosch to join

Handout



Bosch Software Innovations enabling Internet of Things

Technology decisions

A consequent model based

approach

Model Based Approach

Modular composition of

systems at runtime

(Micro)-Service Oriented

Business ecosystem based

on open IoT infrastructure

Open Platform Approach

Strong use of standards

and open source to

maximize scope

OSGi, Java, Linux,

Eclipse based

PaaS technology for elastic

scaling and DevOps

paradigm

Cloud first on

CloudFoundry technology

PKI, Encryption of

embedded devices,

Identity Management

Trust, Security & Privacy



LWM2M Adoption in Eclipse

Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) REST based Resources

Open Standard (OMA) & Open Source (Eclipse IoT, BIOS)

Device Management (DM) support including Firmware update

Secure by protocol (DTLS)

Power saving options at client

Small bandwidth: 10-250 Bytes, Small memory footprint on µC device

Only device management internet protocol for constrained

devices that defines semantics for interoperability (vs. MQTT)

LWM2M Service

CoAP (RFC 7252)

GSM/SMS

DTLS (RFC 6347)

LWM2M

UDP (IP)

Objects & Resources

LWM2M

Protocol stack: Application Application

Asset

Management Software

Provisioning

Your Solution

Leshan

Californium

Scandium



LWM2M @ Eclipse IoT: Wakama, Leshan

Feature Set Implementation as of October 2015

LWM2M Object/Resources Model

CoAP

UDP SMS

Security (DTLS ) SMS Secure Package Structure mode

Assessment:

in Use

1st Impl.

upcoming

Future

Registration

Update

Register

De-Register

Bootstrapping

Server

Factory

Smart Card

Server initiated

Client initiated

Bind.& Mode

Q (Queued)

S (SMS)

U (UDP)

Operations:

Write

Read

Execute

Create

Delete

Security

PSK

NoSec

ECC

Notifications

Notify

Observe

Cancel

Write Attrs.

Cond. Observe

DataFormats

TLV

Plain

JSON

Data Types

String

Integer

Float

Boolean

Time

Opaque

Object Link

Standard:

Access Control

Server

Device

Conn. Monit.

Firmware Upd

Location

Conn. Statist.

Security

API: Vendor

specific Obj.

LWM2M

Objects:

Pro

tocol

Sta

ck

Handout



Eclipse Vorto at a glance

Vorto IoT Tool Set Meta Information

Model

Information Model

Repository

Device

Manufacturer

Solution

Developer

Information

Model creates

using

instance of

browses

provides

reads

invokes

Java

Platform

Vendor

Platform specific

Code Generator

generates

Device

describes

is described by

integrates …

C++

uses

Handout



hawkBit

Providing the software

infrastructure to update and

provision IoT devices at the edge.



IoT Server Platform Proposal

Current Draft of Eclipse IoT Working Group



Dog„s Lessons

It is feasible to start OSS project with limited OSS know-how in an acceptable time.

The key challenge for OSS project providing a mid- or long-term benefit is to find partners.

Being a committer or a project lead of an OSS project is a full-time job. Writing code,

documentation, tutorials, examples, and blog-posts are only a few percent of the daily

business. Building up a community, answering questions and bringing together proprietary

and OSS related interests are more complex tasks.

Picking OSS components: Check the community health, dedication, and activitiy

Be careful when making OSS project related dates public. Meeting deadlines depends on

various external influences that can hardly be managed.

A fat blob will be a flop: “small bites of bytes & bits over git('s ...power!)”

Eclipse gets more embedded: Resources, especially RAM is limited – really; keep track of

your processing load & process timing & latency; Battery life-time; Booting time.

Involving lawyers and human resources from day one. There is a lot of IP and contractual

topics to be solved: liability, licenses, contract additions, compliance processes.



More lessons learned

Securing millions of Devices using Eclipse IoT Technology

Kai Hudalla, Tuesday, November 3, 9:45 to 10:20

Making IoT child's play

Alexander Edelmann, Tuesday, November 3, 2015 - 15:00 to 15:35

Interface of Things - OSGi as the Incubator for the German "Energiewende"

Kai Hackbarth, Tuesday, November 3, 2015 - 17:30 to 18:05

BoF: How to generate code using Eclipse Vorto

Olaf Weinmann, Tuesday, November 3, 2015 - 20:00 to 21:00

Software Updates for the Internet of Things

Kai Zimmermann, Wednesday, November 4, 2015 - 10:30 to 11:05

How the OSGi Residential Specifications can help to build an ecosystem for smart home

Kai Hackbarth, Wednesday, November 4, 2015 - 13:45 to 14:20

APP4MC - support for embedded multicore

Harald Mackamul , Wednesday, November 4, 2015 - 14:30 to 15:05

Join our sessions

https://www.eclipsecon.org/europe2015/session/securing-millions-devices-using-eclipse-iot-technology

https://www.eclipsecon.org/europe2015/session/making-iot-childs-play

https://www.eclipsecon.org/europe2015/session/interface-things-osgi-incubator-german-energiewende








https://www.eclipsecon.org/europe2015/bof-session/how-generate-code-using-eclipse-vorto



https://www.eclipsecon.org/europe2015/session/software-updates-internet-things

https://www.eclipsecon.org/europe2015/session/how-osgi-residential-specifications-can-help-build-ecosystem-smart-home




https://www.eclipsecon.org/europe2015/session/app4mc-support-embedded-multicore







Chapter 6:

The purpose of the commons in IoT



Social Contract is broken… at least in the gobal digital world

Avoiding „bellum omnium contra omnes“ individuals give up freedom to the „authority“

The national state has no effective means to protect nor govern

Hobbes

Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hobbes_Locke_Rousseau.jpg

Locke Rousseau

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hobbes_Locke_Rousseau.jpg



Social Contract is broken… at least in the digital world

“Defending the One Percent,” Mankiw (2013)

“Changes in technology have allowed a small number of highly educated and exceptionally talented

individuals to command superstar incomes in ways that were not possible a generation ago.”

“Race Against the Machine”, Andrew McAfee (2011)

“Aided by digital technologies, entrepreneurs, CEOs, entertainment stars, and financial executives

have been able to leverage their talents across global markets and capture reward that would have

been unimaginable in earlier times.”

W. Keith Campbell, University of Georgia Psychology (2011)

“You can look at individual scores of narcissism, you can look at data on lifetime prevalence of

Narcissistic Personality Disorder, you can look at related cultural trends, and they all point to one thing,

Narcissism is on the rise.”

Robin Mansell, London School of Economics and Political Science (2014)

“National and international authorities assumed that the rapid growth of internet technology would

democratise access to information networks and enable previously disenfranchised citizens to

participate fully in contemporary debates and marketplaces. Government policy was based on this

assumption, whereas in reality corporate interests, the commercial value of digital information and the

state's interest in monitoring citizens' online activities all began to take priority over 'open' access to the

internet. This was inexorably leading to a gradual marginalisation of citizens' rights in the online world.”

The national state has no effective means to protect nor govern

Handout



Plan A: Silicon Valley „Religion“ from 0 to 1

Private Companies fix the economic broken society problems of the future

Source: http://zerotoonebook.com/

http://zerotoonebook.com/



Plan B: End the monopoly of platform & data players

Empower „users“ with micro-payment for their data

Source: http://www.jaronlanier.com/futurewebresources.html

http://www.jaronlanier.com/futurewebresources.html



Plan C: „Renaissance of the Commons“

Fixing social contract problems in a 3rd way

Source: http://wealthofthecommons.org/

http://wealthofthecommons.org/



Plan C: „Renaissance of the Commons“

Introduction: The Commons as a Transformative Vision

by David Bollier & Silke Helfrich (Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung)

“It has become increasingly clear that we are poised between an old world that no longer

works and a new one struggling to be born. Surrounded by an archaic order of centralized

hierarchies on the one hand and predatory markets on the other, presided over by a state

committed to planet-destroying economic growth, people around the world are searching for

alternatives. “

„Anthropologists, neurologists, geneticists and other scientists confirm the critical role that

cooperation has played in the evolution of the human species. We are hard-wired to

cooperate and participate in commons. One might even say that it is our destiny. While the

commons may seem odd within the context of 21st Century market culture, it speaks to

something buried deep within us.”

Source: http://wealthofthecommons.org/essay/introduction-commons-transformative-vision

Quotes

Handout

http://wealthofthecommons.org/essay/introduction-commons-transformative-vision









Bosch tradition in balancing profit & social responsibility

From founder Robert Bosch to current CEO Volkmar Denner



Bosch tradition in balancing profit & social responsibility

"It is my intention, apart from the alleviation of all kinds of hardship, to promote the

moral, physical and intellectual development of the people.“ Robert Bosch, 1935

“Never forget your humanity, and respect human dignity in your dealings with

others.” Robert Bosch

I have always acted according to the principle that it is better to lose money than

trust. The integrity of my promises, the belief in the value of my products and in

my word of honor have always had a higher priority to me than a transitory profit.” Robert Bosch, 1921

“In creating exciting products, purely economic success is not our only goal. All

our actions and activities are guided and motivated by the desire to benefit

society. This is what gives them meaning.” Volkmar Denner, Chairman of the Bosch Board of Management, 01.07.2012

Quotes

Handout



Nobody can do I(o)T alone.

Join now!



Hans-Jürgen Kugler: Teaching Old Dogs New Tricks

Open Source Software is often seen as a hobby for nerds (positive) or the training-ground for

would be hackers (negative.) In the traditional engineering product oriented industries few -

maybe too few - executives have understood that open source does stand for a new business

approach. Many of these executives are still dealing with the repercussions that software, their

own proprietary software, caused in their organisation when it "infected" their products. Most

of these executives are not aware that open source maybe just what they need to tame the

resource hungry software development in their own organisation. There is hope, however.

Even in automotive, one of the more conservative industries, key players begin to see that not

all is threat, but that there is opportunity.

Embedded system engineering vs. IT software

illustrated with Internet of Things

refer to http://dev.eclipse.org/mhonarc/lists/auto-iwg/pdfgO2zGmp4NB.pdf

Handout

http://dev.eclipse.org/mhonarc/lists/auto-iwg/pdfgO2zGmp4NB.pdf




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