taxonomy of wood products solid wood products

47
Taxonomy of Wood Products Solid Wood Products

Upload: tanek-vega

Post on 03-Jan-2016

90 views

Category:

Documents


2 download

DESCRIPTION

Taxonomy of Wood Products Solid Wood Products. Secondary Wood Products. WOOD. Furniture. Composites. Solid Wood. Pulp and Paper. Panels. Cabinets. Engineered Lumber Composites. Softwood Lumber. Glued. Treated. Hardwood. Pulp. Paper. Windows & Doors. Wood/Non-wood. Wood Based. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Taxonomy of Wood Products Solid Wood Products

Taxonomy of Wood Products

Solid Wood Products

Page 2: Taxonomy of Wood Products Solid Wood Products

WOOD

Composites Solid Wood Pulp and Paper

PanelsEngineered

LumberComposites

SoftwoodLumber

Wood/Non-wood

Wood Based

Wood/Cement

Wood/Plastic

Particleboard

MDF

Plywood

OSB

LVL

OSL

Glulam

HardwoodTreatedGlued

Finger joined

Edge glued

Pulp Paper

Mechanical

Chemical

Boards

Dimension

Timber

MSR

SecondaryWood Products

Furniture

Millwork & Factory-built Housing

Windows & Doors

Cabinets

Wood Products Taxonomy

Engineered WoodProducts

I-Beams

Trusses

CLT

Page 3: Taxonomy of Wood Products Solid Wood Products

WOOD

Composites Solid Wood Pulp and Paper

PanelsEngineered

LumberComposites

SoftwoodLumber

Wood/Non-wood

Wood Based

Wood/Cement

Wood/Plastic

Particleboard

MDF

Plywood

OSB

LVL

OSL

Glulam

HardwoodTreatedGlued

Finger joined

Edge glued

Pulp Paper

Mechanical

Chemical

Boards

Dimension

Timber

MSR

SecondaryWood Products

Furniture

Millwork & Factory-built Housing

Windows & Doors

Cabinets

Wood Products Taxonomy

Engineered WoodProducts

I-Beams

Trusses

CLT

Page 4: Taxonomy of Wood Products Solid Wood Products

Dimension Lumber

“2 by 4”, “2 by 6”, “2 by 8” construction lumber

Majority of lumber produced in North America

Production grew approx. 1.4% p.a. from 1985-2005Bulk commodity product with little specializationUsed mainly in residential construction

Page 5: Taxonomy of Wood Products Solid Wood Products

Dimension lumber - sizes4.

0”

3.7”

3.5”

2.0” 1.7” 1.5”

Rough sawn After drying After planing(“nominal” size) (actual size)

“Two by four”

Page 6: Taxonomy of Wood Products Solid Wood Products

Dimension Lumber - sizes• Thickness – increments of 2 inches• Width – increments of 2 inches• Length – increments of 2 feet

Product Length (ft)

8 10 12 14 16 18 20

2 x 4 215 245 245 240 270 260 270

2 x 6 215 245 240 235 265 260 270

2 x 8 220 240 255 240 275 270 290

2 x 10 195 200 290 300 300 315 300

Premiums for larger cross-section dimensions and lengths.

Softwood lumber pricing (US$/MBF)

Page 7: Taxonomy of Wood Products Solid Wood Products

Dimension Lumber

Page 8: Taxonomy of Wood Products Solid Wood Products

Dimension Lumber

• Majority of production sold in US• SPF species group (Spruce - Pine – Fir)

Page 9: Taxonomy of Wood Products Solid Wood Products

Softwood Boards

Non-structural, finished product

1” thick material, 2” width increments, 2’ length increments

Markets are: export, industrial, home centres

BC Wood Specialties

Page 10: Taxonomy of Wood Products Solid Wood Products

Softwood boards

Wall panellingCanadian softwood board species

Page 11: Taxonomy of Wood Products Solid Wood Products

Softwood boards

Decorative panelling Furniture

Page 12: Taxonomy of Wood Products Solid Wood Products

Timber

Minimum dimensions 5.5”High value productMajority goes to export markets

Production is decreasing

Page 13: Taxonomy of Wood Products Solid Wood Products

13

Timber

• Post and beam construction

• Architectural value as well as structural role• Higher value product than smaller dimensions ($/m3)

Page 14: Taxonomy of Wood Products Solid Wood Products

14

Timber

Dan

zala

nd, F

lickr

100

_985

9, C

C B

Y-N

C-N

D 2

.0ht

tp://

ww

w.fl

ickr

.com

/pho

tos/

mon

ahan

/308

3747

492/

Page 15: Taxonomy of Wood Products Solid Wood Products

Solid softwood lumber – species

Boards Dimension lumber TimberSpruce SPF Douglas-firDouglas-fir Douglas-fir HemlockPines HemlockHemlockCedars

Page 16: Taxonomy of Wood Products Solid Wood Products

Machine Stress Rated Lumber

Lumber is graded by machine rather than manually Uses non-destructive measurement of stiffness to

predict strength of lumber pieces

Structural end-uses

Value-added lumber product Trusses are large market

Top chord Web

Truss plateBottom chord

Page 17: Taxonomy of Wood Products Solid Wood Products

Bending test

Deflection

Load

Maximum load

Modulus of RuptureMOR“strength”

Linear portion of curve

Modulus of ElasticityMOE“stiffness”

Page 18: Taxonomy of Wood Products Solid Wood Products

MOE – MOR relationship

MOE“stiffness”

MOR“strength” x

x

x

x

x

xx

x

x

x

x

xx

x

xx

xx

x

x

x

x

x

xx

x

x

x xx

x

x

xx

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

xx

x

xx

xx

x

x

x

x xx

x

x

x xx

x

xx

xx

xx x

xx

xxx x

xxx

x

xx xxxx

x

MOE measured

MOR predicted

Page 19: Taxonomy of Wood Products Solid Wood Products

Machine Stress Rated Lumber

Rollers Sensor

Load cell Lumber

Page 20: Taxonomy of Wood Products Solid Wood Products

MSR lumber in roof trusses

Page 21: Taxonomy of Wood Products Solid Wood Products

WOOD

Composites Solid Wood Pulp and Paper

PanelsEngineered

LumberComposites

SoftwoodLumber

Wood/Non-wood

Wood Based

Wood/Cement

Wood/Plastic

Particleboard

MDF

Plywood

OSB

LVL

OSL

Glulam

HardwoodTreatedGlued

Finger joined

Edge glued

Pulp Paper

Mechanical

Chemical

Boards

Dimension

Timber

MSRSecondary

Wood Products

Furniture

Millwork & Factory-built Housing

Windows & Doors

Cabinets

Wood Products Taxonomy

Engineered WoodProducts

I-Beams

Trusses

CLT

Page 22: Taxonomy of Wood Products Solid Wood Products

e.g. dimension lumber trim ends

Short lengths Longer lengths

Page 23: Taxonomy of Wood Products Solid Wood Products

defect, e.g. knots

Removal of defects

Butt joint (end grain)

Page 24: Taxonomy of Wood Products Solid Wood Products

Finger Joined Lumber

Longer lengths produced from shorter stock

Allow defects to be reduced

End-to-end joints via side-grain gluing

Page 25: Taxonomy of Wood Products Solid Wood Products

Finger Jointed Lumber

BC Wood Specialties www.ufpi.com

Structural or non-structural joints can be made

Longer fingers → greater strengths

Increased dimensional stability in resulting piece

Utilized in lumber, glulam, I-beams

Page 26: Taxonomy of Wood Products Solid Wood Products

Finger joints

Narrower edge

Wider face

Page 27: Taxonomy of Wood Products Solid Wood Products

Dimensional stability of finger joined lumber

Warping tendency of any one piece is randomized in its location in finger-joined lumber and resulting piece is more dimensionally stable.

Page 28: Taxonomy of Wood Products Solid Wood Products

Edge-glued Panels

Edge-lamination of wood

Greater widths from narrow material

Dimensionally stable-panel produced

Industrial and finished retail products

Page 29: Taxonomy of Wood Products Solid Wood Products

Wood dryng defects

• Tangential shrinkage > Radial shrinkage• Natural tendency to “cup”• Cupping is greater in wider pieces of wood

RT

T

R

Page 30: Taxonomy of Wood Products Solid Wood Products

Dimensional stability of edge-glued panels

Randomization of end grain patterns

Less likely to cup

Page 31: Taxonomy of Wood Products Solid Wood Products

Edge-glued panels

Page 32: Taxonomy of Wood Products Solid Wood Products

WOOD

Composites Solid Wood Pulp and Paper

PanelsEngineered

LumberComposites

SoftwoodLumber

Wood/Non-wood

Wood Based

Wood/Cement

Wood/Plastic

Particleboard

MDF

Plywood

OSB

LVL

OSL

Glulam

HardwoodTreatedGlued

Finger joined

Edge glued

Pulp Paper

Mechanical

Chemical

Boards

Dimension

Timber

MSR

SecondaryWood Products

Furniture

Millwork & Factory-built Housing

Windows & Doors

Cabinets

Wood Products Taxonomy

Engineered WoodProducts

I-Beams

Trusses

CLT

Page 33: Taxonomy of Wood Products Solid Wood Products

Treated Wood

Preserves the wood against fungal degradation For wood used in external conditions Effectively poisons the wood Chemical agent is either water-borne or oil-borne Usually introduced into wood using pressure

treatment

Page 34: Taxonomy of Wood Products Solid Wood Products

Treated WoodExamples of preservatives

Creosote

Pentachlorophenol (PCP)

Chromated copper arsenate (CCA)

Ammoniacal copper quaternary (ACQ)

Page 35: Taxonomy of Wood Products Solid Wood Products

Treated WoodPressure treatment vessels

Page 36: Taxonomy of Wood Products Solid Wood Products

Treated WoodExamples of preservative use

Creosote

Pentachlorophenol (PCP)

Page 37: Taxonomy of Wood Products Solid Wood Products

Treated WoodExamples of preservative use

CCAACQ

Page 38: Taxonomy of Wood Products Solid Wood Products

Pressure-treated Wood

The retention of wood preservatives in wood species which do not readily abosrb the preservative chemical can be enhanced by incising the wood.

Non-incised lumber Incised lumber

Page 39: Taxonomy of Wood Products Solid Wood Products

WOOD

Composites Solid Wood Pulp and Paper

PanelsEngineered

LumberComposites

SoftwoodLumber

Wood/Non-wood

Wood Based

Wood/Cement

Wood/Plastic

Particleboard

MDF

Plywood

OSB

LVL

OSL

Glulam

HardwoodTreatedGlued

Finger joined

Edge glued

Pulp Paper

Mechanical

Chemical

Boards

Dimension

Timber

MSR

SecondaryWood Products

Furniture

Millwork & Factory-built Housing

Windows & Doors

Cabinets

Wood Products Taxonomy

Engineered WoodProducts

I-Beams

Trusses

CLT

Page 40: Taxonomy of Wood Products Solid Wood Products

Hardwood Lumber

Visual appearance of lumber is key

Used for decorative and architectural

purposes rather than structural products

Flooring, trim & molding, joinery,

cabinets, furniture

Page 41: Taxonomy of Wood Products Solid Wood Products

Hardwood Lumber

Page 42: Taxonomy of Wood Products Solid Wood Products

Hardwood Lumber

Grading system based on

cutting high quality boards

from rough lumber.

• Thickness – usually 1 inch (but also other thicknesses)

• Width – random widths• Length – increments of 1 foot

Page 43: Taxonomy of Wood Products Solid Wood Products

Lumber GradingSoftwood vs. Harwoods

Page 44: Taxonomy of Wood Products Solid Wood Products

Lumber Grading - softwoods

• Softwood grading considers that the piece of lumber will be used as it stands and will not undergo subsequent reprocessing.

• Therefore the greatest defect in the piece decides the grade of that piece of lumber.

Page 45: Taxonomy of Wood Products Solid Wood Products

Lumber Grading - harwoods

• Hardwood boards are graded on the amount of clear (defect-free) wood that can be obtained after the removal of defects.

• The boards are either “ripped” along the grain, or “chopped” across the grain to produce smaller, clear pieces are called “cuttings”.

• Cuttings are then used in the production of other items such as edge-glued panels or furniture.

Page 46: Taxonomy of Wood Products Solid Wood Products

Boards

Dimension Lumber

Timber

Machine Stress Rated Lumber

Solid softwood lumber

Page 47: Taxonomy of Wood Products Solid Wood Products

Finger Jointed lumberEdge-glued Panels

Treated WoodHardwood

Other solid lumber products