Tauragė “Versmė“ Gymnasium

Space Stations

Done by: Paulius Nevardauskas Justinas Jorudas

2012

Introduction

Space station -  spacecraft capable of supporting a crew which is designed to remain in for an extended period of time, and to which other spacecraft can dock. Space stations are used to study the effects of long-term space flight on the human body as well as to provide platforms for greater number and length of scientific studies than available on other space vehicles.

Objectives

Build a model of a space station. Try to build as sophisticated model as possible. Pick suitable materials for model. Find a way to connect all separate modules. Extend our knowledge in subject matter.

Models

We are going to introduce these stations: „Mir“ „Mир“ „NAVIgation“

Models „Mir“ and „Мир“

„Мир“ „Мir“

Deividas Soročka model.Justinas Jorudas and Paulius

Nevardauskas model.

Used materials & equipment for model „Mir“

Materials: Screw nuts ,steel wire, electrode, some foam, cardboard, glue, plasticine, a

couple of empty pharmaceutical containers, bottle caps, plastic shot glass, rubber bands, ,,Kinder“ toy , old lamp support and silver paint.

Equipment: Welder, knife, scissors.

Used materials & equipment for model „Мир“

Materials: Rolls from packing wraps, discarded wood, wire netting, nails, wood glue and

white undercoat for wood.

Equipment: Turning lathe, hammer, sawing machine, brush

Briefly about „Мир“ space station

„Мир“ was manned space station, designed for long-term research outpost in space. It had been visited by 104 different people from twelve different nations. When complete, the station consisted of seven pressurized modules: Мир core module, docking module, „Priroda“, „Spektr“, „Kristall“, „Kvant“ and „Kvant-2“

Orbit control

Мир was maintained in a near circular orbit with an average perigee of 354 km and an average apogee of 374 km, travelling at an average speed of 27,700 km/h and completing 15.7 orbits per day.  

As the station constantly lost altitude because of a slight atmospheric drag, it needed to be boosted to a higher altitude several times each year. This boost was generally performed by Progress resupply vessels or the engines on the core module.

The attitude (orientation) of the station was independently determined by a set of externally mounted sun, star and horizon sensors.

Additional info

Energy:

Photovoltaic (PV) arrays powered Mir. The station used a 28 volt DC supply which provided 5-, 10-, 20- and 50-amp taps. When the station was illuminated by sunlight, several solar arrays mounted on the pressurized modules provided power to Mir's systems and charged the nickel-cadmium storage batteries installed throughout the station.

Stations records:  Valeri Polyakov holds record for the longest single human spaceflight, at

437 days 18 hours.  Shannon Lucid held the record for longest stay in space by a woman, while

aboard Мир — 188 days.

„NAVIgation“Ignas Navickas model.

Briefly about station

This space station would have most advanced equipment , it would be the biggest and the heaviest of all stations. It would have a lot of solar arrays and sattelite dishes, which would ensure good connection with Earth. Also station would have living quarters for crew and scientific reseach modules.

Used materials for model

Materials: Unused ventilation system pipes, various montage parts, round steel bar,

old lamp glass, various old TVs antennas, unused perforated steel sheets, inflatable balls, various glues and paints.

Orbit control & energy

Orbit control:

Station would keep 385 km altitude, orbit would be tilted 51.6° to equator and would make its orbit in 92 minutes. Station would be visible in evening or in morning as a bright star, overflying south part of celestial sphere from west to east in few minutes. Station would move in orbit using Earths gravity and engines built in station.

Energy:

„NAVIgation“ would produce energy from solar arrays, nuclear reactor.

Kosminė stotisKarolis ???? model.

Briefly about the station

This space station would be used for scientific research or military applications. Also, station could perform satellite functions because of its dishes, when it’s empty.

Used materials for model

Materials:

Plastic sheets from old plastic box, wood sticks, broken Christmas decorations, LEDs from defected Christmas tree lights, some wires and one AA battery.

Energy

The main idea of the station is, that four solar panels makes enough power to run all electric parts in the station, which sends and receives information with antennas from the earth.

„Medusa“Kamilė ???? model.

Briefly about station

This station would be used for scientific research and space exploration. Ultra-light construction (nano materials), potential for movement in gas clouds would determine such projects perspective.

Used materials for model

Materials:

Wood sticks, straws, blue paper, old newspapers, glue, baloon, aluminium foil, bottle caps, silver paint and blue acrylic paint.

Propulsion & equipment

Propulsion:

This station would use solar wind energy. It would catch solar wind particles using enormous metallic parachute. This kind of propulsion could be used for long-distance flights.

Equipment:

Stations solar arrays, mounted in front, would provide energy. Station would have crew quarters and greenhouse. Greenhouse would provide crew with food and oxygen.

Gained knowledge

We found out, that space stations are used for various scientific research, also, that they can be artificial satellites. Also we learned many stations purpose, structure, executed missions. Also that space stations might be used for military and civil applications. Also we got to know various propulsion systems, history of space exploration and most important figures in space exploration.

Manned space stations

"Skylab" — first NASA space station, servised 1973—1979 m. Here worked three groups of astronauts, each one of them consisting of three persons. Last crew been in station for 84 days.

„Saliut“— USSR manned space station series, which was exploited 1971—1982 m. All stations were lifted with „Proton“ rockets. In all there were 7 stations. Crews consisted of 2-3 persons.

„Mir“ — USSR, later Russia space station, launched in 1986 m. „Mir“ was improved orbital stations „Saliut-7“ variant.

ISS — USA, West Europe, Japan and Russia orbital station, which was started to assemble in Earths orbit in 1998.

Thank you for your attention!