tangut manuscripts with tibetan phonetic glosses _ british library or

5/4/2015 TangutManuscriptswithTibetanPhoneticGlosses:BritishLibraryOr.12380/1842

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TangutManuscriptswithTibetanPhoneticGlosses

BritishLibraryOr.12380/1842

IDP:BritishLibraryOr.12380/1842

DescriptionThis is a single sheet of a Tangut Buddhist manuscript held at the British Library in London. It has the pressmarkOr.12380/1842 (originally K.K.II.0234.k), and was collected by Aurel Stein from KharaKhoto during his expedition toCentral Asia of 19131916. It has been studied by Berthold Laufer (Stein1928) and Tai Chung Pui (TCP2008) [amongstothers],andisavailableonlineattheInternationalDunhuangProject.

Thesheet is inpoorcondition,with severalpartsof the text lost. In total there are fifteen surviving lines, eachabout25characters in length,althoughonlyasingle line iscompletewithnomissingcharacters.Only theedgeof theTangut textremainsonthefirst line,andonlytheTibetanglossesremainonthelast line,sothereareonly13lineswithbothTangutcharactersandTibetanglossessurviving.Thereareatotalofabout207identifiableTangutcharacterswithTibetanphoneticglosses,andatotalofabout249legibleorpartiallylegibleTibetanphoneticglosses.

TheTanguttextiswritteninasomewhatcursivehandwithsomesimplificationsofstrokes,sothatsomecharactersarenoteasy to identify. In contrast theTibetanphonetic glosses arewritten in a relativelyneat, cursive, headless script, and aregenerallylegiblewhereundamaged.ThelargegapbetweeneachlineofTanguttextseemstohavebeendeliberatelyprovidedfortheTibetantranscription,andthecolouroftheinkisthesamefortheTangutandTibetantexts,soit isreasonabletoassumethattheTibetantranscriptionwasmadeatthesametimeastheTanguttextwaswritten,althoughthetwoscripts



wouldhavebeenwrittenbydifferentscribes.

Transcription

Position TCP2008

Tangut Tibetan

NoteCharacter LFW2008 Reading

Stein1928

TCP2008 BabelStone

01:01 170101 ? [1]01:02 170102 ?01:03 170103 ?01:04 170104 ?01:05 170105 ?01:06 170106 ?01:07 170107 ?01:08 170108 ?01:09 170109 ?01:10 170110 ?01:1124

02:01 170201 L1290 tsew gtso gtsiv gtsi'

02:02 170202 L3195 gjwi bgye bgyi bgyi

02:03 170203 L0508 wu du ngu ngu

02:04 170204 L5993 kha kra khha kh+ha

02:05 170205 L1364 a dna dngav dnga'

02:06 170206 L2698 tsjir rtse rtse rtse

02:07 170207 L1278 j gyi gyi g.yi



02:08 170208 L3583 tja ta ta ta

02:09 170209 L0015 j rgi rgi rgi

02:10 170210 L3830 njij ne ne ne

02:11 170211 L1364 a da ngav nga'

02:12 170212 ?e je'

02:1325

03:01 170301 ?u [?]u

03:02 170302 ? gyi gyi g.yi 03:03 170303 L3583 tja ba ta ta

03:04 170304 L1771 sjj gse gsev gse'

03:05 170305 L1364 a dna dngav dnga'

03:06 170306 L3852 djij gde gjev gje' [2]

03:07 170307 L1139 jij ye ye ye

03:08 170308 L1278 j gyi gyi g.yi

03:09 170309 L5354 thj te thi thi

03:10 170310 L1100 tshja o tsha tsha

03:11 170311 L1546 lj lu l? lu

03:1225

04:01 170401

04:02 170402 ?04:03 170403 L5057 iej dge dge dge



04:04 170404 L2698 tsjir rtse rtse rtse

04:05 170405 L1364 a dna dngav dnga'

04:06 170406 L0508 wu du ngu ngu

04:07 170407 ? dz? dza 04:08 170408 dmi dmi dmi

04:09 170409 ? ?o [?]o

04:10 170410 ? gsa g??v g[?]' 04:11 170411 L0930 dju adu vduv 'du'

04:12 170412 L1139 jij ye ye ye

04:13 170413 L0369 thj tu thu thu

04:14 170414 L5880 wu du ngu ngu

04:15 170415 L5215 wj dgu d?? d.wa?

04:16 170416 L0290 sju zu z? zu

04:17 170417 L1100 tshja ? tsha

04:18 170418 L1546 lj lu lu lu

04:19 170419 L1326 kj ki ki ki

04:20 170420 L4184 ja

04:21 170421 L3180 zjj

04:22 170422 L2019 thja

04:23 170423 L5815 tsj



04:24 170424 ?

04:25

05:01 170501

05:02 170502

05:03 170503 L0508 wu du ngu

05:04 170504 L2484? niw gu gnu gnu

05:05 170505 L1245 jij gan gye g.[?]e

05:06 170506 L2698 tsjir rtso rtse rtse

05:07 170507 L1546 lj du lu

05:08 170508 L0508 wu e? ngu ngu

05:09 170509 L0322 thjwo o chov cho'

05:10 170510 L4797 jwr did dwir d.wir


05:12 170512 L0638 njij ge gnev gne'

05:13 170513 L5057 iej dgre dghe dgyue? [3]

05:14 170514 L2753 lhew sde lhi lhi

05:15 170515 L1278 j gyi gyiv g.yi' [4]

05:16 170516 L3133 sjij gse gsev gse'

05:17 170517 L2736 bia abar vbar 'bar

05:18 170518 L3691 war ko wa wa



05:19 170519 L0998 dzjij dze dzev dze'

05:20 170520 L5815 tsj rtse tsi tsi

05:21 170521 L2019 thja a tha tha

05:22 170522 L0290 sju zu zu zu

05:23 170523 ? dmi dmi dmi 05:2425

06:0108

06:09 170601 ? la m? [?]06:10 170602 L4713 rjur gdu gruv g.ru'

06:11 170603 L2763 u rmu rgu rgu

06:12 170604 L0433 bju abru vbu 'bu

06:13 170605 L0752 tja ba ca ca

06:14 170606 L5771 tshwew atso btshi btshi

06:15 170607 L0535 jij e zhe zhe

06:16 170608 L3583 tja ta ta ta

06:17 170609 L5865 s gso gsov gso'

06:18 170610 L4713 rjur dru ru ru

06:19 170611 L4719 kij dkre dkye dkyue? [5]



06:20 170612 L0724 nj ni ni ni

06:21 170613 L4027 nj gi gni gni

06:22 170614 L3195 gjwi bkyi bgyi bgyi

06:23 170615 du ngu ngu

06:24 do [?]i

06:25

07:01 170701 L0467 tsjir rtsa rc? rtse

07:02 170702 L1546 lj su lu lu

07:03 ?07:04 ?07:05 ?07:06

07:07

07:08

07:09

07:10

07:11 ?07:12 170703 ? du ngu ngu 07:13 170704 L5993 kha kra khha kh+ha

07:14 170705 ? o? b?ov b[?]o' 07:15 170706 L3735 tj sde sti sti

07:16 170707 L0433 bju abru vbu 'bu



07:17 170708 L3469 sjij gse gsev gse'

07:18 170709 L0930 dju adu vduv 'du'

07:19 170710 L1918 mji dmi dmi dmi

07:20 170711 L2180 djr gdi gjiv gji'

07:21 170712 L2484 niw gu gnu gnu

07:22 170713 L1546 lj lu lu lu

07:23 170714 gye gye g.ye

07:24 170715 bi ?i ni

07:25

08:01 170801 ? ta tha tha 08:02 170802 ? zu zuv zu' 08:03 170803 L0467 tsjir rtse rtse rtse

08:04 170804 L1546 lj lu luv lu'

08:05 170805 L3200 thjiw e chiv chi'

08:06 170806 L5865 s gso gsov gso'

08:07 170807 L4713 rjur su ?u [?]u [6]

08:08 170808 ?ge dge

08:09 ?08:10 ?08:11 170809 L0724 nj e ni ni

08:12 170810 L0930 dju adra v?? 'du'

08:13 170811



08:14 170812 L4713 rjur gdu gru g.[?]u

08:15 170813 L2763 u rmu rgu rgu

08:16 170814 L0433 bju abru vbu 'bu

08:17 170815 L0752 tja ba cav ca'

08:18 170816 L5771 tshwew btso btshiv btshi'

08:19 170817 L5645 tj sde sti sti

08:20 170818 L0508 wu du ngu ngu

08:21 170819 L4797 jwr dkid dwir d.wir


08:23 170821 L0015 j rgi rgi rgi

08:24 170822 L3830 njij e ne ne

09:01 170901 ? an zh?v zha' 09:02 170902 ? du ngu ngu 09:03

09:04

09:05

09:06 d[?]

09:07 170903 ? ? dwi d.wi [7]09:08 170904 ? ? tha [8]09:09 170905 L3183 wo ? wo? [9]

09:10 170906 L5771 tshwew btso btshi btshi



09:11 170907 L5645 tj ste sti sti

09:12 170908 L4024 zj bro ziv zi'

09:13 170909 L0089 thja ? cha cha'

09:14 170910 L4481 j o shi shi

09:15 170911 L5285 lj si li li

09:16 170912 L4027 nj go gni gni

09:17 170913 L3735 tj sto sti sti

09:18 170914 L0009 jwo o sho sho

09:19 170915 L5390 phie i phi phi

09:20 170916 L5612 tshjij tse tshe tshe

09:21 170917 L0535 jij e she she


09:23 170919 L3583 tja ta ta ta

09:24 170920 L4797 jwr did dwir d.wir

09:25 170921 L2612 phju tso phov pho'

10:01 171001 L0998 dzjij ? '[?]

10:02 171002 L3756 tw ? b[?]

10:03 171003 L3756 tw ? b[?]

10:04 171004 L5981 a ?



10:05 171005 L0837 lja sda lda lda

10:06 171006 L0508 wu du ngu ngu

10:07 171007 L1801 dzjij adza vdz? 'dze

10:08 171008 L1045 d dru dha dha

10:09 171009 L5354 thj to thi thi

10:10 171010 L0290 sju zu zu zu

10:11 171011 L0752 tja tsa cav ca'

10:12 171012 L5771 tshwew atso btshiv btshi'

10:13 171013 L1906 niw gu gnu gnu

10:14 171014 L5688 wa ka wa [?]

10:15 171015 ? dmo dwo d.wo [10]10:16 171016 L1101 jij gye gyi g.yie? [11]

10:17 171017 L1278 j gyi gyi g.yi

10:18 171018 L1542 ku bku bku bku

10:19 171019 L4625 mjij bde me me

10:20 171020 L3195 gjwi bgyi bgyi bgyi

10:21 171021 L5993 kha kru khha kh+ha

10:22 171022 L5390 phie i phiv phi'

10:23 171023 L5632 tshj tse tshe tshe

10:24 171024 L2098 a ? d[?]'



10:25 171025 L1278 j gyi gyi g.yi'

11:01 171101 L5688 wa ko wa wa

11:02 171102 L5390 phie o phi phi

11:03 171103 L5632 tshj tse tshe tshe

11:04 171104 L4601 nja a na na [12]

11:05 171105 L1278 j gyi gyi g.yi

11:06 171106 L1542 ku bku vku bku

11:07 171107 L5865 s gso gsov gso'

11:08 171108 L1290 tsew tsa tsa tsa

11:09 171109 L3195 gjwi bgo bgyi bgyi

11:10 171110 L1770 lhjwi blti blhiv b.lhi'

11:11 171111 L0015 j rgo rgi rgi

11:12 171112 L3830 njij e ne ne

11:13 171113 L5795 mj mu mu mu

11:14 171114 L2753 lhew sde lhi lhi

11:15 171115 L0092 mja ma ma ma

11:16 171116 L1139 jij ye ye ye

11:17 171117 L0105 kj rku rkyu rkyu



11:18 171118 L0535 jij e she she

11:19 171119 L3974 tshji tsi tshi tshi

11:20 171120 L2098 a da nga nga

11:21 171121 ? gyi gye g.yi 11:22 171122 e ?ne ne

11:23 [?]i

11:24

12:01 171201 L5621 lhu bsdus blhuv b.lhu'

12:02 171202 L5040 kia bkan bkar bkar

12:03 171203 L1045 d dra dha dha

12:04 171204 L3527 mja ma ma ma

12:05 171205 L0508 wu du ngu ngu

12:06 171206 L1278 j gyi gyi g.yi

12:07 171207 L1542 ku bku bku bku

12:08 171208 L0100 lew kli kli kli

12:09 171209 L1290 tsew tsi tsi tsi

12:10 171210 L3195 gjwi bgyi bgyi bgyi

12:11 171211 L5880 wu du ngu ngu

12:12 171212 L3027 k bkus bkuv bku'

12:13 171213 L2612 phju o pho pho



12:14 171214 L0998 dzjij adze vdze 'dze

12:15 171215 L3756 tw btos btiv bti'

12:16 171216 L3756 tw ados btiv bti'

12:17 171217 L5379 tj gtsos gciv gtsi'

12:18 171218 L1278 j gyi gyi g.yi

12:19 171219 L1319 tshji tsi tshi tshi

12:20 171220 L4902 w du ngu ngu

12:21 171221 ? du ngu ngu 12:2225

13:01 171301 L5880 wu pe ngu ngu

13:02 171302 L1332 dej adre vdhe 'dhe

13:03 171303 L2098 a da nga nga

13:04 171304 L1278 j yi ?yi ? g.yi

13:05 171305 L0441 sjw bsu bsu bsu

13:06 171306 L5447 do dro dho dho

13:07 171307 ? ? [?]i 13:08 171308 L4601 nja ? na

13:09 171309 L1278 j ga g?? g.[?]

13:10 171310 L1542 ku bku bku bku

13:11 171311 L0100 lew klo kli kli



13:12 171312 L5932 m dmu dmu dmu

13:13 171313 L3574 tsjij tse tse tse

13:14 171314 L3818 mjijr dme rme rme

13:15 171315 L1278 j yi yi yi

13:16 171316 L5981 a la a a

13:17 171317 L3195 gjwi bgye bgyi bgyi

13:18 171318 L5612 tshjij o tshe tshe

13:19 171319 L5354 thj te thi thi

13:20 171320 L3183 wo ko wo wo


13:22 171322 ? e she she 13:23 dam? [?]

13:2425

14:01

14:02

14:03

14:04 [?]dz[?]

14:05 tshe

14:06

14:07 '[?]e

14:08

14:09 ?



14:10 171401 L3583 tja ta ta ta

14:11 171402 L0100 lew klo kli kli

14:12 171403 ? du ngu ngu [13]14:13 171404 L5414 rejr de rev re'

14:14 171405 L2541 dzjwo ado bdzo bdzo

14:15 171406 L1139 jij dpe ye ye

14:16 171407 L1918 mji dmi dmi dmi

14:17 171408 L1332 dej adre vdhev 'dhe'

14:18 171409 L5113 wji dtso dwi d.wi

14:19 171410 L2484 niw a nu

14:20 171411 L0322 thjwo ? [?]o

14:21 ?14:2225

15:0109

15:10 pa [?]u

15:11 171501 sde ldi ldi

15:12 171502 ? mi mi

15:13 171503 ada ?zav 'ja'

15:14 171504 a phav pha'

15:15 171505 tse tsi tsi

15:16 171506 ko wo wo

15:17 171507 adus vduv 'du'



15:18 171508 te che the

15:19 171509 bsu bsu bsu

15:20 171510 li ?iv li'

15:2125

Notes

1. Only the left edge of the Tangut text survives for the first line, but not enough to identify the characters withcertainty.

2. TaiChungPuireadstheTangutcharacterasL0762"wheel",whereasIreaditasL3852"togo".3. TaiChungPuireads theTibetanglossasdghe, but thesubscript letter ismorecurved than thesubscript letterh

elsewhere in thisparticularmanuscript, and it is identical to the subscript letterdiscussed inNote 5which cannotplausiblybeasubscripth.Ithereforetentativelyreaditasasubscriptletterywithauvowel(i.e.dgyue).Cf.Note

5.4. Thefinalletter'aoftheTibetanglossisoddlyseparatefromtheinitialg.yi,asifitdoesnotbelongtothegloss.5. TaiChungPui transcribes theTibetanglossasdkye (i.e.),butwrites theTibetanas (i.e.dkyue).I concurwith

thelatterinterpretationthatthehshapedletterisasubscriptletterywithauvowel.Cf.Note3.6. TheexpectedreadingfortheTibetanglossisru,buttheactualglosslooksmorelikelu,althoughitisnotpossibleto

becertainduetomanuscriptdamageatthispoint.7. TheTangutcharacterisdamaged,butshouldbeidentifiablehoweverIhavenotbeenabletodoso.Themanuscript

istornatthispoint,andIthinkthatdwiontheothersideofthetearisthecorrespondingTibetangloss,butitmayactuallybetheglossbelow(i.e.tha).

8. TheTangutcharacterisdamaged,butshouldbeidentifiablehoweverIhavenotbeenabletodoso.Themanuscriptistornatthispoint,andIthinkthatthaontheothersideofthetearisthecorrespondingTibetangloss,butitmayactuallybethelostglossbelowtha.

9. TheTibetanglossisdamagedanduncertain,butbasedontheTangutreadingIsuspectthatitiswo.10. TheTangutcharacterisclearandlegible,butIcannotidentifyitaswritten,andTaiChungPuidoesnotprovidean

identificationeither.11. TheTibetanglosshasbothan i andane vowel sign,which isprobablyamistake causedby the scribe firstwriting

g.yeorg.yi,andthencorrectingittog.yiorg.ye.12. TaiChungPuireadstheTangutcharacterasL4602"eight".13. TheTangutcharacterisdamaged,butshouldbeidentifiablehoweverIhavenotbeenabletodoso.

References

LFW2008.LiFanwen,TangutChineseDictionary.Beijing,2008.Stein1928.Aurel Stein, InnermostAsia.Oxford, 1928. SeeVol.3plateCXXXIV. The overlaid transcription of theTibetanphoneticglossesistheworkofBertholdLaufer(18741934).TCP2008.TaiChungPui,AStudyofTibetanPhonologicalTranscription inTangutBuddhismFragments. PhD dissertation, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (), May2008.See2.3.1417.



Published:20111211.Lastmodified:20111224.

TangutManuscriptswithTibetanPhoneticGlosses

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tangut manuscripts with tibetan phonetic glosses _ british library or

Documents

l1278 j gyi gyi g

l0015 j rgi rgi rgi

l5057 iej dge dge dge

l1139 jij ye ye ye

l2698 tsjir rtse rtse

l3830 njij ne ne ne

ngu ngu

dna dngav dnga