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Table of ContentsTable of ContentsTable of ContentsTable of Contents

INTRODUCTION

Tamazight: The Language of Free People..............................................................1

Learning Tamazight.....................................................................................................1

Transcription of Tamazight.....................................................................................2

GREETING

Greeting........................................................................................................................8

Personal Pronouns ......................................................................................................11

Possessive Pronouns ..................................................................................................11

Masculine and Feminine Nouns .............................................................................. 12

The verb "TO HAVE" ............................................................................................. 13

Practice....................................................................................................................... 14

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Nationalities, Cities and Marital Status ............................................................. 15

The verb "TO BE"..................................................................................................... 18

Independent Pronouns............................................................................................. 19

The Possessive word "win/tin" ............................................................................. 20

Practice...................................................................................................................... 22

USEFUL EXPRESSIONS

Mealtime expressions............................................................................................. 25

Thanking expressions ............................................................................................. 26

Expressions for night time/sleeping .................................................................. 26

Hygiene/cleanliness expressions ......................................................................... 26

Offering help/ Asking for favors ....................................................................... 27

Asking for Permissions........................................................................................... 27

Being Sick.................................................................................................................. 27

Transportation Expressions.................................................................................. 27

Apologies and Responses ....................................................................................... 28

Congratulations ........................................................................................................ 28

Communications........................................................................................................ 28

NUMERALS

Cardinal numbers ..................................................................................................... 29

Ordinal Numbers / Fractions ............................................................................... 32

Fractions.................................................................................................................... 33

Time............................................................................................................................ 34

Practice...................................................................................................................... 36

GETTING STARTED SHOPPING

Money ......................................................................................................................... 38

At the taHanut ........................................................................................................ 39

Verb "TO WANT" .................................................................................................... 41

"THERE IS/ THERE ARE"...................................................................................... 41

Practice...................................................................................................................... 43

FAMILY

Family Members....................................................................................................... 45

Family Expressions.................................................................................................. 46

Practice...................................................................................................................... 47

DIRECTIONS

Prepositions .............................................................................................................. 48

Directions.................................................................................................................. 49

The Imperative......................................................................................................... 51

Negation of The Imperative................................................................................. 52

Practice...................................................................................................................... 53

DAILY ROUTINE

Present Time Expressions ..................................................................................... 55

Present Tense .......................................................................................................... 56

Present Tense Negation......................................................................................... 58

Forming The Imperative Continuous................................................................... 58

Practice...................................................................................................................... 62

PAST EVENTS

Days of the week..................................................................................................... 66

Months of the year ................................................................................................ 66

The seasons .............................................................................................................. 66

Past Time Expressions ........................................................................................... 67

The Past Tense ........................................................................................................ 68

Negation of The Past Tense ................................................................................. 77

Have You Ever…/ I've Never................................................................................ 78

Object Pronouns ...................................................................................................... 79

The Participle ............................................................................................................ 81

Practice...................................................................................................................... 82

BARGAINING

General Bargaining Informations......................................................................... 88

Bargaining Expressions and Vocabulary ............................................................. 90

Clothing ....................................................................................................................... 91

Colors.......................................................................................................................... 93

More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.

Regular Adjectives.................................................................................................. 95

Adjectives As Verbs............................................................................................... 96

Adjectives As Participles ...................................................................................... 98

Comparative and Superlative Adjectives .......................................................... 99

Practice..................................................................................................................... 101

SHOPPING FOR FOOD

Fruits and Vegetables ...........................................................................................104

Units of measurements.........................................................................................106

Spices and Meat .....................................................................................................108

Practice.....................................................................................................................109

FOOD AND DRINK

Food and Drink ........................................................................................................ 110

At the café .............................................................................................................. 110

At the restaurant....................................................................................................111

The Reflexive Verb “TO PLEASE/ TO LIKE”.................................................. 114

The Verb “TO NEED, TO HAVE TO , MUST, SHOULD”.............................. 117

The Verb “TO WANT, TO LIKE” ....................................................................... 119

Practice.....................................................................................................................120

MEDICAL AND BODY

Body Parts ................................................................................................................122

Health Problems .....................................................................................................123

Practice.....................................................................................................................124

SITE VISIT EXPRESSIONS ........................................................................................125

TRAVEL

Future Time Expressions......................................................................................127

Forming The Future Tense...................................................................................128

Future Tense Negation .........................................................................................129

Using verbs consecutively ....................................................................................130

Travel ........................................................................................................................132

Travel expressions .................................................................................................134

Practice.....................................................................................................................136

AT THE POST OFFICE

General Informations ............................................................................................139

Post Office Vocabulary.........................................................................................139

Practice.....................................................................................................................142

AT THE HOTEL

Hotel Accommodation............................................................................................143

The Conditional .......................................................................................................145


Negation of The Conditional ................................................................................145

"mk/mš" Conditional ...............................................................................................146

DESCRIBING THE PEACE CORPS MISSION

Peace Corps..............................................................................................................147

Environment .............................................................................................................148

Health........................................................................................................................149

Small Business Development................................................................................ 151

RENTING A HOUSE

Finding a House.......................................................................................................152

Furnishing a House .................................................................................................153

Practice.....................................................................................................................155

SAFETY AND SECURITY

Sexual Harassment ................................................................................................156

At the Taxi Stand..................................................................................................158

At Work....................................................................................................................160

Forgetting a Wallet in a Taxi / Filing a Report...............................................162

Butagaz .....................................................................................................................163

Theft.........................................................................................................................165

Hash...........................................................................................................................169

House Security / Doors and Windows...............................................................170

Political Harassment ..............................................................................................172

APPENDICES

Supplementary grammar lessons ........................................................................175

Advanced Verbs......................................................................................................176

Nouns.........................................................................................................................179

Adverbs ....................................................................................................................183

Prepositions .............................................................................................................186

The Definite Article..............................................................................................192

Participles of Proximity ........................................................................................193

Linking Words and Conjunctions .........................................................................195

MOROCCAN HOLIDAYS

Religious Holidays...................................................................................................201

Moussems ................................................................................................................205

National Holidays...................................................................................................205

Festivals...................................................................................................................206

GLOSSARY OF VERBS ...................................................................................................207


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Settings\Administrateur\Bureau\Tamazight calque Modèle : C:\Documents and Settings\Administrateur\Application

Data\Microsoft\Modèles\Normal.dot Titre : Sujet : Auteur : Mots clés : Commentaires : Date de création : 27/11/2007 10:45:00 N° de révision : 2 Dernier enregistr. le : 27/11/2007 10:45:00 Dernier enregistrement par : Temps total d'édition : 0 Minutes Dernière impression sur : 27/08/2008 21:34:00 Tel qu'à la dernière impression Nombre de pages : 4 Nombre de mots : 488 (approx.) Nombre de caractères : 2 687 (approx.)


1 � Tamazight

TAMAZIGHT THE LANGUAGE OF THE FREE PEOPLE.

Tamazight, referred to as “Berber” in most western countries, actually refers to

a group of widely varied dialects spoken across a much of North Africa. The

word “Tamazight” is derived from the word “Berbers” use to refer to

themselves, “AMAZIGH”. Over 3000 years old, today the varieties of Tamazight

are spoken by an estimated 11 million people.

Morocco is home to three dialects of the Tamazight family: Tamazight,

TashlHeet and Tarifit. Tarifit is prevalent in the Northern Rif region,

Tamazight is found in Eastern High Atlas and Tafilalt valley region, and

TashlHeet covers an area from Marrakesh to Agadir and much of the Saharan

region. In between each of these regions you will find a gradual mix of the

dialects, making it very difficult to determine where one dialect begins and

another ends.

LEARNING TAMAZIGHT.

Even under the best conditions, learning a new language can be challenging. Add

to this challenge the rigors of Peace Corps training, and you are faced with what

will be one of the most demanding _and rewarding_ aspects of your Peace Corps

experience: learning to communicate to Moroccans in their own language. But it

can be done. And rest assured that you can do it. Here are a few reasons why:

• You are immersed in the language: some people may need to hear a word

three times to remember it; others may need thirty. Learning Tamazight

while living and training with Moroccans gives you the chance to hear the

language used again and again.

• You have daily language classes with Moroccan teachers: you are not only

immersed in the language; you also have the opportunity to receive feedback

from native speakers on the many questions that predictably crop up when

one learns a new language.

• Peace Corps has over forty years of experience in Morocco: your

training, including this manual, benefits from the collective experience

gained by training thousands of Americans to live and work in Morocco. You

will benefit from and contribute to that legacy. Despite these advantages,


2 � Peace Corps/Morocco

at times you may still feel like the task of learning Tamazight is too much to

handle. Remember that Volunteers like toy having been doing it for decades,

however. One of the most rewarding aspects of your time will be communicating

with Tamazight, surprising them and yourself with how well you know the

language. When that time arrives, your hard work will have been worth it.

TRANSCRIPTION OF TAMAZIGHT.

In order for trainees to move quickly into Tamazight, Peace Corps uses a

system of transcription that substitutes characters of the Latin alphabet (a, b,

c, d, …) for characters from Arabic script ،أ، ب، ت، ج..(. ). With this system, it

isn’t necessary for a trainee to learn all of Arabic script before he or she begins

to learn to the language. On the contrary, once you became familiar with the

system, of transcription, you will be able to “read” and “write” Tamazight fairly

quickly-using characters you are familiar with. You will also learn Arabic script

during training, but with transcription it isn’t necessary to know it right away.

Throughout the book, therefore, you will always see both the Arabic script and

the transcription. Becoming familiar with the Peace Corps’ system of

transcription is one of the best things you can do, early on, to help yourself

learn Tamazight. Practicing the different sounds of Tamazight until you can

reproduce them is another. This introduction is intended mainly to help you get

started the system with of transcription, and as a result it will mention only

briefly the different sounds of Tamazight.

Sounds you already know.

The large majority of consonants in Tamazight are similar to sounds that you

have in English. The vowels in Tamazight are similar to English vowels. In the

following table, each transcription character that represents a sound you

already know will be explained. The sounds are not necessarily what you may

expect, but each character was matched with a sound or good reasons.

Transcription

Character

Arabic

Character Description

a ة/ ى / _/ ا Sometimes the /ä/ in “father,”

sometimes the /a/ in “mad”

b ب the normal English sound /b/


3 � Tamazight

d د the normal English sound /d/

e ا /_

the short “e” sound /e/ as in “met” (this

transcription character is not used often,

only when confusion would be caused by

using the transcription character “a”)

f ف the normal English sound /f/

g گ the normal English sound /g/ as in “go”

h ه the normal English sound /h/ as in “hi.”

i ي /_ the long “ee” sound /ē/ as in “meet”

j ج the /zh/ sound represented by the ‘s’ in

“pleasure”

k ك the normal English sound /k/

l ل the normal English sound /l/

m م the normal English sound /m/

n ن the normal English sound /n/

o و

the long “o” sound /ō/ as in “bone” (this

transcription character is not used often,

mainly for French words that have entered

Tamazight)

p پ the normal English sound /p/

r

ر

This is not the normal English “r,” but a

“flap” similar to the Spanish “r” or to the

sound Americans make when they quickly

say “gotta” as in “I gotta go.”

s س the normal English sound /s/

t ت the normal English sound /t/

u و the long “oo” sound /ü/ as in “food”

v ڤ the normal English sound /v/

w و the normal English sound /w/



y ي the normal English sound /y/

z ز the normal English sound /z/

š ش the normal English sound /sh/ as in “she”

Some vowel combinations

ay ـ ي the “ay” as in “say”

au ـ و the “ow” as in “cow”

iu "#ـ the “ee you” as in “see you later”

New sounds.

There are eight consonants in Tamazight that you do not have in English. It may

take you some time to be able to pronounce these correctly. At this point, what’s

important is that you learn the transcription of these sounds.

Transcription

Character

Arabic

Character

Sound

d ض $The Tamazight

emphatic “d”

s ص $The Tamazight

emphatic “s”

t$ ط The Tamazight

emphatic “t”

These sounds are pronounced

like their non-emphatic

counterparts, but with a

lower pitch and a greater

tension in the tongue and

throat.

q ق Like the English /k/ but pronounced further back

in the throat

x خ Like the ‘ch’ in the German “Bach;” some people

use this sound to say yech!

ā غ Like the x sound above, but pronounced using your

voice box; similar to the French “r”

н ح Like the English “h,” except pronounce deep in

the throat as a loud raspy whisper.

ع ع

This sound will be difficult at first. It can be

approximated by pronouncing the ‘a’ in “fat” with

the tongue against the bottom of the mouth and

from as deep in the throat as possible


5 � Tamazight

Shedda.

If you see a transcription character doubled, that means that a “shedda”

is over that character in the Arabic script. For example, in the following table,

you will see how the transcription changes for “shedda”, and thus the

pronunciation.

Notice that these two verbs are spelled differently in the transcription.

The verb “to drink” does not have a shedda on the “s” in Arabic script, and that’s

why there is only one “s” in the transcription. The verb “to water” does have a

shedda in the Arabic script, and that is why the transcription doubles the letter

“s”. These two verbs are pronounced differently, so you must pay attention

to doubled letters in the transcription.

English

Translation

Transcription Arabic Script

To drink su "ـ%

To water ssu "ـ%

This small character,

which looks like a “w,”

is the shedda. That is

why the transcription

has a doubled “s”.



Other symbols.

Sometimes, you will see a hyphen used in the transcription: it indicates

the definite article. For some letters, the definite article (the word “the”) is

made by adding the letter “L”. For others, it is made by doubling the first letter.

In both cases, a hyphen will be used to indicate to you that the word has the

definite article in front of it. See page xxx for more information on the definite

article.

In these instances, the hyphen does not necessarily indicate a change in

pronunciation. The hyphen is there to make it easy for you to see when a

definite article is being used, for example. It is a visual indicator, not an

indicator or pronunciation. Sometimes the rhythm of speech may seem to break

with the hyphen; other times the letters before and after the hyphen will be

pronounced together.

Another symbol you will sometimes see is the apostrophe (‘). When you

see an apostrophe, it indicates a “glottal stop”, which is the break between

vowels as heard in the English exclamation “uh oh”. That is to say, if you see an

apostrophe you should not connect the sounds before the apostrophe with the

sounds after the apostrophe. Pronounce them with a break in the middle.

Words and syllables without vowels.

Sometimes you will see syllables or even whole words without any vowels

written in them. This is normal in Tamazight. To the English speaker, however,

this seems impossible, since we have always been taught that all words must

contain a vowel sound. Which side is correct? Well, in a sense they both are. In

reality, it is indeed possible to pronounce consonants together without

articulating a vowel sound; you do it a lot in English at the beginning of words.

Think about the word “street”. You pronounce these consonants (s, t, and r)

without any vowels between them. So it is possible. The only challenge with

Tamazight is that the consonant combinations are new for English speakers (you

don’t put the /sh/ sound next to the /m/ sound, for example, but in Tamazight

we do.

However, try for a moment to pronounce only the letters “str”, not the

whole word “street”. In this case, most English speakers will hear something

that sounds like the word “stir”, with certain consonant combinations, that is to

say, it sound to the English speaker like there is a vowel in the middle, even if


7 � Tamazight

there isn’t. The “vowel” is in reality just the normal sound made as one consonant

sounds transitions to another.

Part o learning Tamazight is becoming comfortable with new consonants

combinations and practicing those combinations without necessarily placing a

vowel in the middle. The transcription words, you will notice, only include

characters for vowels when there really is a vowel in the word. It may seem

difficult at first, but it is better to accustom yourself to this as early as you

can.

Why not just write “sh”.

A final point about the transcription. At times it may seem overly

complicated to someone beginning Tamazight. For example, why doesn’t it just

use “sh” for the /sh/ sound? The answer is this: well, in Tamazight it is normal

for the /h/ sound to follow the /s/ sound. If we use the “sh” to represent /sh/

sound, there would not be any way to represent /s/ plus /h/ sound, because it

possible to represent /s/ plus /h/ and /sh/ plus /h/ (yes, in Tamazight both

these combinations are used).

All of this concerns a larger point: the transcription system used in this

book may appear complex at first, but it has been carefully thought out and

in the end it is the easiest system possible. That said, the sooner you can make

the transition to reading Arabic script, the easier it will be to pronounce

Tamazight correctly.



GREETING

Objective: by the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

• Greet people and introduce yourself.

Cultural points.

Greetings and farewells (good byes) are two important aspects of Moroccan life.

Greetings are not to be compared with the quick American “HI”. It takes time

for two people to exchange different questions and answers which interest them

about each other, their families, and life in general. Greetings change from one

region to another, both in the questions posed and in the fashion of the greeting

(i.e. shaking hands, kissing cheeks head or hands, or putting one’s hand over one’s

heart after shaking hands).

If you greet a group of people, then the way you greet the first person is the

way you should greet everyone in the group. Don’t be surprised if you are

greeted by a friend but he does not introduce you to other people with whom he

may be talking. Do not be surprised if you are in a group and you are not greeted

as others are in the group (people may be shy to greet a stranger.) It is also not

necessary to give an overly detailed response to a greeting—only the usual

response is expected. For example, “How are you?” requires only a simple “Fine,

thanks be to God.”

How do people greet each other in

different cultures?


9 � Tamazight

Greeting expressions and appropriate responses.

A: Peace be upon you

B: And peace be upon you (too)

s-salamu عlaykum

wa عlaykum s-salam

Κ۷�Ǒ� مҟ ẇ₢ا ҟم ẇ₢ا Κ۷�Ǒو�

A: Good morning

B: Good morning

s $$baH l-xir

s $baH l-xir

��ح ا��

A: Good afternoon / evening

B: Good afternoon / evening

ms l-xir

ms l-xir

�� ا��

A: May God help you

B: And peace be with you

lla yعawn

lla ysllm

ا� ��ون

ΚǑẇ� ا�

How are you? mayd tعnit ��

How are you doing? mayd dis tعnit �� د��

Good, thanks be to God labas, l-Hamdullah �� ا₢ � ₢��س

It’s fine tga lman ن��تگا ₢

Goodbye (I leave you in peace)

qim as g lman ن��اس گ ₢ "�Κ

Goodbye (You go in peace) tmunt d wayd$ ��$#� د وا�

Name ism Κ%إ

What is your name? mismnk? ' ��ẇ�

My name is … isminu … $��%إ

Your name is … (m) ismnk ' إ%��

Your name is … (f) ismnm Κ��%إ

His/Her name is … ismns ��%إ


https://www.livelingua.com/project/#category


Greeting dialogue.

Chris: labas? كريس لباس؟: Moha: labas موحا لباس:

Chris: may tعnit? كريس مايد تعنيت؟:

Moha: labas tعnit l-xir. is thnna āurk?

لخيرا إس تهنا غورك؟ تعنيت لباس

:موحا

Chris: labas thnna. كريس لباس تهنا:

Moha: mismnk? موحا مسمنك؟:

Chris: isminu Chris. i kiy? كريس إسمينو كريس إ كي؟:

Moha: isminu Moha. سمينوإ موحا :موحا

Chris: qim as g lman. مانل :كريس قم اس گ

Moha: tmunt d wayd$. موحا تمونت د وايض:


11 � Tamazight

GRAMMATICAL POINTS

PERSONAL PRONOUNS;

I nk, nkkin ( �۷# / ' #

You (masculine singular) Kiy, kyyin ( آ�� / * آ

You (feminine singular) Km, kmmin �آ( � / Κآ

He ntta �+#

She nttat ت�+#

We nkni * �۷#

You (masculine plural) knni * آ�

You (feminine plural) knnimti �آ�* +�

They (masculine) nitni #�* �+

They (feminine) nitnti #�* +�+

POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS.

In Tamazight, a suffix (ending) may be added to the end of words in order to

express possession. It’s a combination of a pronoun and the preposition “n” (of).

Singular Plural

My _nu / inu * $ـ��$/ ـ� Our _nā 1ـ�

Your (m) _nk ' ـ�$ن Your (m) _nun ـ�

Your (f) _nm Κـ� Your (f) _nknt ��۷#

His _ns ـ�� Their (m) _nsn ( ẇـ�

Her _ns ـ�� Their (f) _nsnt ��ẇـ�

*For the personal possessive “my” ( _nu) is used for words ending in vowels, while

( _inu) is used for words ending in consonants.



Examples:

House taddart ارتتد My house taddartinu رتينواتد

Your house (m, s) taddartnk ارتنكتد Your house (f, s) taddartnm ارتنمتد His house taddartns ارتنستد Her house taddartns ارتنستد Our house taddartnā ارتنغتد Your house (m, p) taddartnun ارتنونتد Your house (f, p) taddartnknt ارتنكنتتد Their house (m) taddartnsn ارتنسنتد Their house (f) taddartnsnt ارتنسنتتد

MASCULINE AND FEMININE NOUNS.

• The masculine form.

In general, all nouns beginning with “a”, “i”, or “u” are masculine.

Rooster afullus سأ$Ǒ3

Berber man amaziā 4�5أ�

Tongue ils �₢إ

Fly izi إزي

Face udm ودمأ

Heart ul ولأ

• Feminine nouns.

Generally, all nouns beginning with “t” are feminine.

Carpet tazrbit ��95ر�

Sun tafuyt ��$;�

Salt tisnt ��ẇ�


13 � Tamazight

Darkness tillas �ҟس�

Berber woman tamaziāt �<�5��

Female sheep tili * Ǒ��

Wedding tamāra ا�<��

Edge tama ��

THE VERB “TO HAVE” (āur).

In Tamazight, there is no infinitive form of the verb “to have” (āur), but it is

nevertheless conjugated as such:

I have āuri ري$=

You (m, s) have āurk رك$=

You (f, s) have āurm رم$=

He / She has āurs رس$=

We have āurnā 1#ر$=

You (m, p) have āurun رون$=

You (f, p) have āurknt آ�� =$ر

They (m) have āursn ( =$ر%

They (f) have āursnt ��%ر$=

To make the negative form in Tamazight we usually add the prefix “ur.”



PRACTICE

Exercise 1: use the following words with the appropriate possessive pronoun

suffix.

Book l-ktab لكتابا Cow tafunast تفوناست Fields igran رانگإ

1. Your (f, p) book. 5. Your (f, s) fields.

2. Their (m) cow. 6. Our book.

3. My fields. 7. Your (m, p) fields.

4. Her book. 8. Their (f) cow.

Exercise 2: fill in the blanks using the appropriate form of the verb

“TO HAVE”.

1. Ali and Fatima ______ three cats.

1. Ali d fatima __________ krad$ imaššun.

______ علي د فاطمة . 1.كراض إماشون

2. I ______ 25 years old.

2. nk __________ 25 amع

. عام25_________ نك . 2

3. Do you _____ some water please?

3. is __________ kan waman (عafak) saHHa ?

كان ومان ________ إس . 3صحا؟) عفاك(

4. The girls of the country _____ beautiful eyes.

4. tirbatin n tmazirt __________ aln iHlan

تيرباتين ن تمازيرت . 4.ألن إحالن________


15 � Tamazight

PERSONAL INFORMATION Objective: by the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

• Ask and answer questions about nationalities, cities, age, and

marital status.

Cultural points.

Avoid asking about the salary and age (sometimes) of people, especially

women. Men should not enquire about the wives or other female relations of

someone this could be seen as expressing an inappropriate interest. People won’t

always tell you about their jobs and other personal concerns if not asked.

Religion can be a sensitive issue and sometimes people are not willing to express

their views.

Vocabulary and expressions:

Where are you (m) from? umi ay tgit? يت؟تگ يأمي أ

Where are you (f) from? utmi ay tgit? ؟ يتتگ يأتمي أ

I am from the US. giā sg mirikan. مريكانگ سيغ گ

I am American. giā amirikani (m)

tamirikanit(f)

تمريكانيت / امريكانييغگ

I am from Morocco. giā sg l-mārib. المغربگ س يغگ

I am Moroccan. giā amāribi

giā tamāribit

امغربييغگ تمغريبيتيغگ

Are you …? is tgit …? ؟ يتتگس ٳ

Are you from the US ? is tgit sg mirikan? مريكان؟گ سيتتگس ٳ

Where are you from in the US?

ma sg tgit g mirikan? مريكان؟گ يتتگگ سما

And you? i kiy (m) / i km (f)? كمٳ/كيٳ

City tamazirt تمزيرت

State l-wilaya الوالية

Big (f) txatr ترتخا

Small (f) tmzziy تمزي



Excuse me. samHi. سامحي

I am not … ur giā... يغگورٲ

But walaynni/walakin ولكن/وليني

Engaged (f) ttuyattrā (mxt$uba) ةمخطوب( تويترغ(

Are you married (m, f)? is tiwlt? س تولت؟ٳ

No, not yet. uhu/la, urta/ la sulā. ال سولغ/رتا ٲال /هوٲ

Are you a tourist? is tgit turist? تورستيتتگس ٳ

I work with the Peace Corps.

da xddmā d hay’at

s-salam.

السالم هيئة دخدمغد

Dialogue:

Fatima: lla yعawn. وناهللا يعا. :فاطمة

Tom: lla ysllm. يسلماهللا . :طوم

Fatima: may tعnit? labas? ؟ لباسماي تعنيت :فاطمة

Tom: labas tعnit l-xir, i km? كم؟ر، إ لباس تعنيت الخي :طوم

Fatima: labas l-Hamdullah. samHi, is tgit afransawi?

يتتگس إ سامحي .هللا لباس الحمدفرنسوي ؟ٲ

:فاطمة

Tom: uhu, giā sg mirikan. مريكانگ س يغگ ،هوٲ. :طوم

Fatima: matta tmazirt g mirkian? مريكان؟ گا تمازيرت مت :فاطمة

Tom: sg tamdint n Seattle, g l-wilaya n Washington. i km?

الوالية ن گ تمدينت ن سياتل گس؟كمإ. واشنطن

:طوم

Fatima: giā sg Ouarzazate. ورزازاتگس يغگ . :فاطمة

Tom: šHal ayd āurm g l-عmr? طوم العمر؟ گ غورم شحال ايد:

Fatima: āuri tnayna u عšrin عam. i kiy?

؟كيٳ .عشرين عامو ين غوري تنا :فاطمة

Tom: āuri rbعa u tlatin عam. تالتين عاموغوري ربعة . :طوم

Fatima: is tiwlt? س تولت؟ٳ :اطمةف

Tom: uhu, sulā. i km? طوم كم؟ٳ .هو سولغوأ:

Fatima: awd nk, sulā. is tgit turist? تورست؟ يتتگس ٳ .ود نك سولغأ :فاطمة

Tom: uhu, nk da xddmā d hay’at السالم هيئةخدمغ دا نك د . :طوم


17 � Tamazight

s-salam.

Fatima: llah yhnnik. فاطمة .اهللا يهنيك:

Tom: llah yعawn وناهللا يعا. :طوم



GRAMMATICAL POINTS

THE VERB “TO BE”.

The verb “TO BE” (is, are was, etc..) in English can indicate condition/description

for example: “I am tired”, or place foe example: “I am in the restaurant”. In

Tamazight, these two cases are handled by two different verbs. The verb “g”

indicates a condition, while the verb “ili” indicates location/place.

• “TO BE”: condition/description.

g گ

I am Giā 1�A We are nga �B#

You are

(m/f, s)

Tgit ��B�

You are

(m, p)

tgam ��Bم

He is Iga �Aإ

You are

(f, p)

tgamt ��B�

She is Tga �B� They are (m) gan ن�A

They are (f) gant �#�A

Examples:

I am Moroccan. (nk) giā amāribi )يغ أمغربيگ) نك.

He is a teacher. (ntta) iga l-muعllim. )نتا (�Aالمعلم إ.

I am not French. ur giā afransawi. يغ أفرنساويگأور.

• “TO BE”: location place.

ili إ��

I am Lliā 1�₢ We are nlla Cҟ #

You are (m/f, s)

Tllit ��Ǒ� You are

(m, p)

tllam مҟ �

He is Illa CDإ You are

(f, p)

tllamt ��ҟ �


19 � Tamazight

She is Tlla Cҟ � They are (m) llan نD

They are (f) llant �#D

To negate “g” and “ili” we add “ur” before the verb and we change all the (a) to (i).

Examples:

Is Khadija at home? is tlla khadija g l-madrasa?

EF��G ҟ � ا₢��ر%E؟گإس

There is no water in the tap.

ur llin waman g r-robini.

) و��ن *گأور ₢� . ا₢�و��9

The girls are not here. ur llint trbatin da. �9��) داأور ₢�� .

Is there bread in the store?

is illa uārum g tHanut? أ=�وم Dت؟گإس إ$#� �

INDEPENDENT PRONOUNS.

These pronouns can refer to a specific thing/person or set of things/people

without using the noun.

This one (m) wa و These ones (m)

wi وي

This one (m) watx/wadx J�ودخ / و These ones (m)

witx/widx J+خ/ و��و�

This one (f) ta �� These ones (f)

ti * �

This one (f) tatx ��J� These ones (f)

titx J+��

That one (m) wan وان Those ones (m)

win ( و�

That one (f) tan ��ن Those ones (f)

tin ( ��



Examples:

This one is big. ta txatr. ��

I want that one. riā wan/tan. ن/ ر�1 وان��

Who is this? matta wa? وا؟ �+�

THE POSSESSIVE WORDS “WIN”/”TIN”.

If the object is masculine If the object is feminine

Mine winu $و�� tinu $��

Yours (m, s) winnk ' ' tinnk و��

Yours (f, s) winnm Κو�� tinnm Κ��

His/ Hers winns و�� tinns ��

Ours winnx/winnā Jو��1/ و�� tinnx/tinnā �� J� /1��

Yours (m, p) winnun و#$ن tinnun ن$��

Yours (f, p) winknt ��۷#و tinknt ��۷��

Theirs (m) winsn ( ẇ#و tinsn ( ẇ��

Theirs (f) winsnt ��ẇو�� tinsnt ��ẇ��

Examples:

This book is mine. l-ktabtx winu. ۷+�ب ا₢�J و��$

That jellaba is yours. tajllabitin tinnk. �� ( �+�9ҟ F'

Asking about possession.

The possessive words “win” and “tin” may be used with “mi” or “id” to mean

“whose”.

Whose book is this? win mi l-ktaba? * � ( ؟₢۷+��9او�

It’s Larry’s. win Larry. ريD ( و�

Whose house is this? tin mi taddarta? ؟��ار� * � ( ��


21 � Tamazight

It’s Meridith’s. tin Meridith. د�� ( ��M�

Whose cow is this? tin mi tafunasta? ؟�+ẇ#$;� * � ( ��

This cow is Aicha’s. tafunasta tin عiša. �+ẇ#$;� EN�� ( ��

Is this cow Aicha’s. id tafunasta tin عiša? إ�+ẇ#$;�) ��EN؟ د ��

Yes, it’s hers. yeh, tinns. �� O��



PRACTICE

Exercise 1: complete each section of this dialogue.


23 � Tamazight

Exercise 2: Ask a question about possession for each picture. Then, give the

correct answer. The first one is for you.

Q: win mi ayd iga l-bišklit

tx?

A: l-bišklit tx iga win

нassan.

؟ إگا البشكليت تخون مي أيد

.حسن إگا ون البشكليت تخ

Hassan

Q: _______________?

A: _____________sعid.

؟_______________

.سعيد____________

Said

Ahmed

؟______________

.أحمد____________

Q: ___________________?

A: ______________عaziz. ؟______________

.عزيز____________

?

?

?

?

Q: ________________?

A: ________________aнmd.

Aziz



Exercise 3: substitute the underlined words with the corresponding possessive

pronoun endings.

s-stilu n Josephine. ₢ا( Ǒ�+ẇ$ ن Q$ز�3

taddart n Aicha d Amina. د EN�� ارت ن��E أ

aāyul n LaHsen. أ( ẇ ₢ ل ن$�=


25 � Tamazight

USEFUL EXPRESSIONS

Here are some expressions to help you with homestay, travel, and other

situations where your language may not yet be at a point where you are able to

communicate well in Tamazight.

MEALTIME EXPRESSIONS

In the name of God. (said when you begin an activity: eating, drinking, working, studying, traveling, etc)

bismillah. ا� Κẇ9

Thanks to God. (said ater finishing a meal, or qfter expressing that all is well in life)

l-Hamdullah/nHmd as i rbbi.

*إ# ��اس / ا₢ �� ا� .ر9

I don’t eat … Meat Eggs Fish Chiken

ur da-ttšaā ... aksum/tifiyi tiglay islman ifullusn.

* /آẇ$مأ....وردا �+�Nغ أ ��;� ي تگال ٳ%Ǒ��ن ( %$Ǒ3ٳ

I drink tea/ coffee without sugar.

da ssaā atay/l-qhwa bla skkar.

ҟ %�۷ا/ ��ي أد%�غ .₢TU$ة 9

I eat everything. da ttšaā kulši. * N₢$غ آ�N�.د

I eat vegetables only. da ttšaā āas l-xud$rt. غ =�س�N� .��Vتاد

I don’t feel like eating. ur digi mayd ittšan. ن ��يگدورأ�N�� ٳ�.

I want just / only… riā āas . . . ر�1 =�س......

I don’t want to have breakfast.

ur riā ad fd$rā. غأور�1 أ�V3 د.

The food is delicious. l-makla tat$fut. � ҟ ۷�₢Wت$;.

I’m full. djiwnā. 1#$�Qد.

I want to learn how to cook.

riā ad عllmā ad snuā. 11 أر��Ǒغد%أد�$�.

May God replenish / reward you. (said after a

meal to thank the host)

llay xlf / ad ixlf rbbi. XǑ�� د أ/ ا�* .��XǑ ر9



To your health ( said to someone after eating, drinking, coming out of the Hammam, wearing new clothes, having a hair cut, etc)

bs $s $HHa / ak ynfع. � Y9 /ك ��;4أ.

May God grant your health too. (response to the above)

ad ak ik rbbi s$-s$aHt. داك ٳكأ * �Z�Yر9 .ا₢

THANKING EXPRESSIONS

Thank you. šukran / s$aHHa. �۷ا[ /� �.

You’re welcome. blajmil. \ ��Q ҟ 9.

May God bless your parents.

ad irHm rbbi

l-walidinnk/nm.

* إد أ ' ارΚZ ر9 �� .#Κ/ ₢$ا₢

EXPRESSIONS FOR NIGHT TIME/ SLEEPING

I am tired. uHlā. 1أǑZو.

I want to read a little bit.

riā ad ārā imiH/imiq. 1د =�غ ٳأر� ] �� /^ .ٳ��

I want to go to bed. riā ad dduā ad-gnā. 1نغگد أد دوغ أر�.

Where am I going to sleep?

manig nna ad gnā. ��* .نغ گدأ ناگ #

Excuse me, I want to go to bed.

s $amHi, riā ad dduā ad gnā.

* ر�1 %� .نغ گدأد دوغ أ�

I want to sleep early. riā ad gnā zik. 1نغگد أر�' . ز�

I want to get up early. rig ad nkrā zik. 1أر�' .د #�۷غ ز�

I want a blanket. riā yat l-kašša / l-mant$a. 1ا ��تر� �N۷₢ /ا��₢�W#.


27 � Tamazight

HYGIENE AND CLEANLINESS EXPRESSIONS

I want to wash my hands with soap.

riā ad ssirdā ifassninu s s $-s$abun.

%��$ س �3إد%��دغ أر�1

.ا₢9�Y$ن

I want to brush my teeth. riā ad ssirdā tuāmasinu. 1أر�$��%��=$�.د %��دغ

I want hot water please. rig aman inwan عafak. 1ان �;�كإن ��أر�$#.

I want to take a shower. riā ad duwšā. 1د دو]1 أر�.

I want to go the Hammam. riā ad dduā s l-Hmmam. 1دأر� �مدوغ س ا₢ �.

I want to change my clothes.

riā ad bddlā iHruyninu / iعbaninu.

/ٳ�Zو��$ د 9�₢1أر�1 .$ٳ��#�

Where is the toilet please? mani bit l-ama عafak? ;�ك؟� ��9 ا₢ * #��

I want to do laundry. riā ad s$bbnā iHruyninu. 1و��$إد ��1 أر��Z.

Where can I do laundry? mani gnna ad s $bbnā iHruyninu?

�� * د ��1 أ انگ#�Zو��$؟إ

OFFERING HELP/ ASKING FOR FAVORS

Can I help you? ad ak عawnā? / ad am ?awnāع

.م ��و#1أ دأ/��و#1 ك ادأ

Excuse me? samHi. * ��%.

Please, give me. ki عafak . . . / fi عafak. ك�;� * * �;�ك/ آ 3.

BEING SICK

I am sick. mrd$ā. 1_ ��.

I want to rest a bit. riā ad swunfuā imiH. 1د %$أر�] .#;$غ ا��

Do you feel better. is tgit labas / is tjjit? سإ��B�س ��F؟إ/ ₢��س

TRANSPORTATION EXPRESSIONS

I want to go to . . . riā ad dduā s . . . 1د دوغ سأر�.....

Take me to . . . please. awiyi s . . . عafak. س أ * .�;�ك.....و�

I want to pay for two seats.

riā ad xlls$ā snat l-blays `اد 1YǑG %��ت أر�1 .$ �ҟ �₢.



Stop here please. bdd da عafak. دا �;�ك �9.

How much is a seat? šHal i l-blas$t? [ ؟ اإ �ل��ҟ �₢

APOLOGIES AND RESPONSES

It’s not a problem maši muškil. ��\ ۷N� * [.

It’s OK ihnna l-Hal. له�� ا₢ � إ.

There’s no problem kan lbas ur illi. أ آ�ن ₢��س* .ور إ₢

CONGRATULATIONS

Congratulations. mbruk. وك��.

Happy holiday. ambark l-عid / ambark lعwachr

]�ا��رك / ₢�� ارك �� .₢�$ا

May god grant you peace. (response to “mbruk”)

lla ybark fik. ' .ا� ��رك �3

COMMUNICATIONS

I don’t understand. ur fhimā. 1أ��T3ور.

I don’t know. ur ssinā. ور%��1أ.

Slowly please sttawil عafak. \ .�;�ك%+�و�

Repeat slowly please. عawd sttawil عafak . ك�;� \ .��ود %+�و�


29 � Tamazight

NUMBERSNUMBERSNUMBERSNUMBERS


• Count in Tamazight.

• Combine numbers with nouns too indicate amounts.

• Ask and answer questions about time.

CARDINAL NUMBERS.

One (m) yan ن��

One (f) yat ت��

Two (m) sin ( �%

Two (f) snat ت��%

Three (m) krad$ آ�اض

Three (f) krat$ آ�اط

Four rbعa E�9ر

Five xmsa Eẇ�G

Six stta E+%

Seven sbعa E��%

Eight tmnya E��

Nine tsعud د$��

Ten عšra ة�N�

Combining the numerals 1-3 with a noun.

Masculine form Feminine form

One yan ن�� yat ت��

Two sin ( �% snat ت��%

Three krad$ آ�اض krat$ آ�اط

Examples:

Two glasses sin l-kisan ن�ẇ�۷₢ا ( �%

Two houses snat n tadrwin ( %��ت ن ��درو�



Three glasses krad$ n l-kissan نضآ�ا�ẇ�۷₢ن ا

Three houses krat$ n tadrwin طآ�ا( ن ��درو�

For numbers 4-10 use: NUMBER + n + PLURAL NOUN.

Examples:

Four cows rbعa n tfunasin ( �%�#$;� رE�9 ن

Ten dirhams عšra n d-drahm ة ن�N�₢اΚه �را

For numbers above 10, however, the singular form of the noun is used:

NUMBER + n + SINGULAR NOUN

Examples:

Eighteen years tmnt$aš n usggas س اگسوأتمنطاش ن

Twenty two men tnayn u عšrin n urgaz زگارأتناين وعشرين ن

Fifty women xmsin n tamt$t$ut وتخمسين ن تمط

1000 apple trees alf n usklu n t-tffaH حتفاسكلو ن الأ ن لفأ

Numbers progressions from 11 to 10 000.

Eleven нd $aš ش�VZ

Twelve t$naš ش��f

Thirteen tlt$aš ش�WǑ�

Fourteen rbعt$aš ش�W�9ر

Fifteen xmst$aš ش�Wẇ�G

Sixteen st$t$aš ش�W%

Seventeen sbعt$aš ش�W��%

Eighteen tmnt$aš ش�W��

Nineteen tsعt$aš ش�W�ẇ�

Twenty عšrin �N�( �

Twenty one waHd u عšrin �N� و �Zوا( �

Twenty two tnayn u عšrin �N� و ( � �� ( �

Twenty three tlata u عšrin ( ��N� و E�ҟ �


31 � Tamazight

Twenty four rbعa u عšrin �N� و E�9ر( �

Thirty tlatin ( ��ҟ �

Thirty one waHd u tlatin و �Zواҟ �( ��

Thirty two tnayn u tlatin ( ��ҟ �) و ��

Forty rbعin ( ر��9

Forty one waHd u rbعin ( � و ر��9Zوا

Fifty xmsin ( �ẇ�G

Sixty sttin +%�(

Seventy sbعin ( ��%

Eighty tmanyin ��( ��#

Ninety tsعin ( ��ẇ�

Ninety nine tsعud u tsعin د$�ẇ�)و ��ẇ�

One hundred miya E��

One hundred one miya u waHd Eو��Zوا

One hundred two miya u juj E�� جو$Q

One hundred three miya u tlata E�� وE�ҟ �

One hundred ten miya u عšra E�� ةو�N�

One hundred ninty nine miya u tsعud u tsعin E�� د و$�ẇ�)و ��ẇ�

Two hundred miyatayn ( ��+��

Two hundred seventy five

miyatayn u xmsa u sbعin ( ) و G�Eẇ و��+�� %

Three hundred tlt miya E�� Ǒ�

Nine hundred ninety nine tsعmiya u tsعud u tsعin E�� 4ẇ�)و ��ẇ$د و ��ẇ�

One thousand alf X₢أ

One thousand nine hundred sixteen

alf u tsعmiya u st$t$aš أX₢ و E�� 4ẇ�ش �W %و

Two thousand alfayn أ( �;₢

Two thousand twenty two

alfayn u tnayn u عšrin أ( ) و₢;� ��) و ��N�



Three thousand tlt alaf �Ǒ�Dفأ

Ten thousand عšr alaf �Nفأ�D

ORDINAL NUMBERS.

For masculine: wis + cardinal number.

For feminine: tis + cardinal number.

Masculine Feminine

The first amzwaru روأمزو tamzwarut 5وروت��

The second wissin وسين tisnat ت��

The third wiskrad وسكراض tiskrat �۷اط�

The fourth wisrbعa وسربعة tisrbعa E�9��

The fifth wisxmsa وسخمسة tisxmsa Eẇ��

The sixth wisstta تةوس tisstta E+�

The seventh wissbعa بعةوس tissbعa E��

The eighth wistmnya وستمنية tistmnya E��+�

The ninth wistsعud وستسعود tistsعud د$�ẇ+ẇ�

The tenth wisعšra وسعشرة tisعšra ة�N��

The last amggaru ارومگأ tamggarut B�+اروت

Examples:

The first boy lعil amzwaru \ �5واروأ₢��

The fourth house taddart tisrbعa ẇ��ارت �E�9�

The last day as amggaru رو() أسأ


33 � Tamazight

FRACTIONS

Half ns $ ` #

Third tulut �Ǒ�

Fourth rubuع / rbر49/ ر49 ع

fifth lxumus ��



TIME

To express time, we use the appropriate number with the Arabic definite

article. This means that for 1:00, 5:00, 10:00, and 11:00, we will use the letter

“L” before the number, while for the others; we will double the first letter.

One l-wHda ة�Z$₢ا Seven s-sbعa E��ẇ₢ا

Two j-juj ج$F₢ا Right t-tmnya E��+₢ا

Three t-tlata E�ҟ ا₢+�ẇ$د udعNine t-ts ا₢+

Four r-rbعa E�9�₢ا Ten l-عšra ة�N�₢ا

Fove l-xmsa Eẇ��ا Eleven l-Hd $aš ش�V ₢ا

Six s-stta E+ẇ₢ا twelve t$-t$naš ش��W₢ا

For telling time in Tamazight, we use the Arabic prepositions.

Before ql \ " Twenty minutes

tulut �Ǒ�

And U و Half ns $ ` #

Exactly nišan ن�N�# Quarter to

llarub Dرب

Quarter rbر49 ع Five minutes

qs $m ΚY"

Ten minutes

qs $mayn ( ��Y"

Some expressions of asking and answering about time.

What time is it? šHal/mšta g tassaعt? � [ ل / �+Nگ��ẇ�

It is exactly one o’clock. l-wHda nišan. ن�N�# ة�Z$₢ا

It is five minutes past two.

j-juj u qs $m. $F₢ج واΚY"

It is ten minutes past three.

t-tlata u qs $mayn. ₢ا�ҟ +Eو ΚY"

It is quarter past four. r-rbعa u rbع. E�9�₢ر49 وا

It is 20 miknutes past five.

l-xmsa u tulut. Eẇ��ت وا$Ǒ�


35 � Tamazight

It is 25 minutes past six.

s-stta u xmsa u عšrin. E+ẇ₢وا Eẇ�G و ( ��N�

It is seven thirty. s-sbعa u ns $. E��ẇ₢و ا ` #

It is seven thirty-five. t-tmnya ql xmsa u عšrin. \ " E��+₢ا Eẇ�Gو ( ��N�

It is 20 minutes to nine. t-tsعud ql tulut. ₢دا$�ẇ+ت$Ǒ� \ "

It is a quarter to ten. l-عšra ql rbر49 .ع \ ا₢��Nة "

It is ten two eleven. l-Hd $aš ql qs$mayn. ش�V ₢ا( ��Y" \ "

It is five to twelve. t$-t$naš ql qs$m. ΚY" \ ا₢��Wش "

6:30 am s-stta u ns$ n s $-s$baH. E+ẇ₢حوا��Y ` ن ا₢ #

5:15 pm l-xmsa u rbعn tdggat. ẇ��و را E تاگتد49 ن



PRACTICE

Exercise 1: match the numbers with the correct translation.

2 xms miya u tsعt$aš ش�W�ẇ� G�� E و

298 xms alaf u tlt miya u tnayn u عšrin

( ��G�� أDف و�E�� Ǒ و( ��Nو�

147 tsعud u sttin ( ��ẇ$د و%+�

519 alf u t$naš ش��f أ₢X و

1012 miyatayn u tmnya u tsعin ( ��ẇ�) و��E و �+��

69 sin (snat) ( )%��ت(%�

5322 miya u sbعa u rbعin ( ��E و %��E ور��9

Exercise 2: combine the following numbers with the correct plurals or singular

form of the nouns: 1, 3, 7, 15, 20, 500, or 1000.

House/houses taddart/taddrwin ارت�� / ( �رو��

Pen/pens stilu/stiluyat $Ǒ�+% /ات$Ǒ�+%

Woman/women tamt$t$ut/tutmin ت$W�� /( ��$��

Hotel/hotels lot$il/lot$lat \ �f$ ҟت/ ₢ �f $₢

Man/men aryaz/iryzn 5نإر/ ز ر��أ�

Exercise 3: match the with the correct Tamazight translation.

10:30 l-wHda u qs$m $₢ة ا�Zو ΚY "

12:00 l-Hd $aš u qs$mayn ₢ا�Vوش ( ��Y"

1:05 t$-t$naš nišan ��W₢نا�N�# ش

2:20 Lعšra ql tulut ت ا$Ǒ� \ ₢��Nة "

11:10 l-عšra u ns$ ة ا�N�₢و ` #

9:40 j-juj u tulut ج$Qت و$Ǒ�


37 � Tamazight

Exercise 4: give the time for each clock or watch.



GETTING STARTED

SHOPPING Objective: by the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

• Convert between dirhams, ryals and franks.

• Buy items you need from a store.

Money idrimn/l-flus ��ا��س/ إدر

When converting ryals to dirhams, divide by 20.

e.g. 100 ryals: 100 ÷ 20 = 5 DH.

From franks to ryals, divide by 5. For example, 200 franks ÷ 5 = 40 ryals.

From franks to dirhams, divide by 100. For example, 200 franks ÷ 100 = 2 DH.

From ryals to dirhams, divide by 20. For example, 40 ryals ÷ 20 = 2 DH.

From ryals to franks, multiply by 5. For example, 40 ryals * 5 = 200 franks.

From dirhams to ryals, multiply by 20. For example, 2 DH * 20 = 40 ryals.

From dirhams to franks, multiply by 100. For example, 2 DH * 100 = 200 franks.

100 frank 20 ryal 1 dirham

×5

÷5

×100

÷100

×20

÷20


39 � Tamazight

At the Hanut āur butHanut

Vocabulary

Store taHanut ت$#� � Peanuts kaw kaw وآ�وآ�

Store keeper butHanut ت$#� �$9 Almonds l-luz ز$Ǒ₢ا

Soda l-monad $a $#�دا�ا₢ Bottle l-qrعa E��U₢ا

Chocolate š-šklat$

Bottle of ا₢۷Nطwater

l-qrعa n waman

ا₢E��U ن وا��ن

Candies l-Hlwa ة$Ǒ ₢ا Kleenex kliniks �۷��Ǒآ

Gum l-mska E۷ẇ�₢ا Toilet paper

ppapiyi jinik

nا�n ' ��Q ي

Cookies l-biskwi ۷$يẇ�₢ا Tooth paste

dontifris ��;+#دو

Juice l-عas $ir ��Y�₢ا Soap s $-s $abun 9$ن�Y₢ا

Bread aārum ومأ�= Shampoo š-šampwan ان$��N₢ا

Jam l-konfitur ۷₢ر$ا$+;# Detergent t-tid � ا₢+�

Butter z-zbda ة�\ڤBleach javil �Q ا95₢ �

Eggs tiglay يالتيگ

Batteries l-Hjrat n

r-radyu

ا₢ �Fات ن ا₢�اد�$

Yogurt danon دا#$ن Razor rrazwar رازوار

Milk l-Hlib p �Ǒ ₢ا Tobacco store

s $-s $aka آ��Y₢ا

Coffee l-qhwa ة$TU₢ا Cigarettes l-garru رو اگلا

Tea atay يأ�� Package l-bakit/

l-bakiya

/ ا₢��آ�� Eا₢��آ�

Sugar s-skkar �۷ẇ₢ا Lighter l-brika �۷ا��₢

Cheese l-frmaj ا₢;��ج Money idrimn/

l-flus

) إ / در�� ₢;Ǒ$سا

Oil z-zit ��5₢ا Change s $-s $rf ف�Y₢ا



Expressions:

Do you have...? is āurk ...? ؟....س =$ركإ

Yes, I do have ... yeh, āuri... ري$= O��

No, I don’t have... uhu, ur āuri... ه$أ ور=$ريأ ،و

Is there ... ? is illa? (m)

is tlla ? (f)

ҟإ..../ Dإس إ �......س

Yes, there is. (masc.) yeh illa. Oإ��D

Yes, there is. (fem.) yeh tlla. ҟ � O��

No, there isn’t. (masc.) la, ur illi. Dإورأ* ₢

No, there isn’t. (fem.) la, ur tlli. Dأ* Ǒ�ور

Give me... please. ki ... عafak. ك�;� * .....آ

What do you want ma’am / sir.

may trit a lalla/sidi. �� .ҟ₢أ/ %��ي أي

How much? šHal? � [ل؟

Do you have change? is āurk s $-s$rf? ف؟إ�Y₢س =$رك ا

Do you have change for...?

is āurk s$-s $rf n ...? ف ن إ�Y₢؟.....س =$رك ا

Fractions of measurements:

Liter lit$ru/it$ru

/ �fو إ ₢��Wو

Kilogram kilu $Ǒآ�

¼ liter rubuع/rbع it$ru

ر49 / ر9$ع �fوإ

¼ kilogram rubuع/rbع

kilu.

ر49 / ر9$ع $Ǒآ�

½ liter ns $ it$ru ` �fو إ# ½ kilogram ns $ kilu $Ǒآ� ` #

1 liter waHd it$ru �Zو إوا�f 1 kilogram waHd kilu $Ǒآ� �Zوا

2 liters juj it$ru ج$Qو إ�f 2 kilograms juj kilu $Ǒج آ�$Q

I want ½ liter of milk. riā ns $ it$ru n l-Hlib. ` pإر�1 # �Ǒ ₢و ن ا�f


41 � Tamazight

GRAMMATICAL POINTS

THE VERB TO WANT “iri”.

In tamazight the verb “to want” (iri), uses the past tense but has a present

meaning. When conjugated in the present tense it means “to like”.

I want nk/nkkin riā 1ر� ' #/( �۷#

You want (s) kiy/ km trit �� * آΚ/آ

He wants ntta ira إرا �+#

She wants nttat tra ا�� #+�ت

We want nkni nra ا�# * �۷#

You want (m, p) knni tram ام�� * آ�

You want (f, p) knnimti tramt ا�� * آ��+

They want (m, p) nitni ran ران * �+�#

They want (f, p) nitnti rant را#� * +�+�#

Verb + noun examples:

I want chocolate. riā š-šklat$. ط۷N₢ر�1 ا.

I don’t want sugar. ur riā s-skkar. �۷ ورأẇ₢ر�1 ا.

Mohsine and Aicha want soda.

Mohsine d عiša ran

l-monad$a.

) د ��EN ران ا₢� ẇ دا��#$.

“THERE IS/ARE”.

The words illa (Dإ ), tlla (Cҟ �), llan (نCD),and llant (�#CD) are actually conjugations of

the verb “to be”, { XE "Participles: illa (CDإ)" \f "g" }illi (* r₢إ). In tamazight,

however, we use them most often in the sense of “there is” or “there are”.



Affirmative:

There is (m, s) illa CDإ

There is (f, s) tlla Cҟ �

There are (m, p) llan نCD

There are (f, p) llant �#CD

Negative:

There is not (m, s) ur illi * r₢أور إ

There is not (f, s) ur tlli * rǑ� أور

There are not (m, p) ur llin ( �r₢ أور

There are not (f, p) ur llint ��r₢ أور

Examples:

Karim is at home. illa karim g taddart. ارتگإال كريمتد .

Is there water in the river?

is llan waman g wasif? وسيف؟گإس الن ومان

Moha is not in the fields. ur illi MoHa g igran. رانگ إگ إلي موحا رأو.


43 � Tamazight

PRACTICE

Exercise 1: convert the money amounts.

1- Convert to dirhams:

35 ryal 150 ryal 365 ryal 270 ryal 555 ryal

2- Convert to ryals:

10 ½ DH 30DH 25DH 125DH 19DH

Exercise 2: read the dialogue and answer the questions below.

Meredith: s-salamu عlaykum. السالم عليكم. :مرديت

butHanut: wa عalaykum s-salam. و عليكم السالم. :بوتحاوت

Meredith: is āurk z-zit d luqid? س غورك الزيت د لوقيد؟إ :مرديت

butHanut: yeh, llan alalla. لالأييه الن. :بوتحاوت

Meredith: ki ns $ it$ru n z-zit d l-bakya n luqid. šHal ?afakع

ن الزيت د الباكية طروإكي نص ك ؟ل عفا شحا، ن لوقيد

:مرديت

butHanut: xmsa n d-drahm. دراهمال خمسة ن. :بوتحاوت

Meredith: amz, llah yrHm lwaldin. يرحم الوالديناهللا ،مزأ . :مرديت

butHanut: bla jmil. بال جميل. :بوتحاوت

Questions:

1. mani g tlla Meridith? 1 . * ҟ گ��# �؟مرديت

2. is tsāa s-skkar? 2 .�۷؟ẇ₢ا �<ẇ�إس

3. mayd tsāa? 3 .؟�<ẇ� ��

4. šHal/mšta? 4 . ؟/ ] �ل�+N�



Exercise 3: make as many sentences as you can using the examples provided.

nk ' # riā 1ر� kuka آ$آ�

Samira ة��% trit �� aāāu أ$=

nitnti +�#* +� ira راإ l-عas$ir ��Y�₢ا

knni * آ� tra ا�� atay ي�� أ

kyyin ( آ�� nra ا�# l-qhwa ة$TU₢ا

kmmin ( آ�� tram ام�� l-qhwa bla skkar ҟ %�۷ا₢TU$ة 9

knnimti �آ* +�� tramt ا�� aārum ومأ�=

nkni * �۷# ran ران

Hicham م�Nه rant �#را

nitni #�* �+


45 � Tamazight

FAMILY Objective: by the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

• Describe family members.

Cultural points.

Family ties are very strong in Morocco. Children remain in touch or live with

their family even after they are married. Often parents and one or two married

children, with their spouses, and children, can be found in the one household

(space permitting). Relatives not living with the family are expected to visit

from time to time, especially during holidays.

Family members

My brother uggma گماأو

My sister uttma أ��و

My son m’mmi * ��

My daughter illi إ* ₢

My father bba �9

My mother mma ��

My grandfather bbaHllu $ǑZ �9

My grandmother mmaHllu $ǑZ ��

My uncle (fathers side) عmmi * ��

My aunt (fathers side) عtti * +�

My uncle (mothers side) xali * ₢�G

My aunt (mothers side) xalti * +₢�G

Other family related words.

Woman/wife tamāart/ tamt$t$ut �<��W$ت/ ت ر

Man/husband argaz زگارأ

Girl/daughter tarbat �9ت��

Boy/son arba ر�9أ

Girls/daughters tirbatin ( ��9��

Boys/sons/children iširran انإ��[

The parents l-waldin ( �� ا₢$ا₢



Family expressions:

How is Mohamed related to you?

mayd ak/ am iga Mohamed?

؟ � ��گا إمأ/ �� اك

How is Amina related to you?

mayd ak /am tga Amina? �؟��Eأ گا تمأ/ ك ا��

My mom doesn’t work. mma ur da txddm. ��مأو��.رد

My mom and dad are divorced,

baba d mma nurzmn. ( .�� د �9 #$رز�

I have two siblings. āuri sin aytma ikniwn. ( .آ��$نإ�+�� أ=$ري %�

How many siblings do you have?

mšta n aytmatn ayd āurk (ayd āurm)?

) �+��أ�N+�ن �� =$ركأ�/ =$رم؟

How many sisters do you have?

mšta n taytmatin ayd āurk? ayd āurm

�+N�( ��+�� =$رك أ � / �أ� =$رم؟

What’s your father’s name?

mism n babanm? ؟ Κ#�9�9 ن Κẇ��

How old is your brother? mšta ayd āur gmanm g l-عmr?

�+Nر أ�$= � ا₢��؟ گ#Κ گما�

I have a younger brother.

āuri yan gma amzzan. 5انأ گما=$ري ��ن�.

My (male) cousin and I are the same age.

nkkin d arba n عmmi iqrin.

) د * ن ر�9 أ�۷# )إ�� ".

My older sister is a teacher.

utma taxatart tga l-muعllima.

��أو�� . ا₢��Ǒ�Eگا تتر

My younger brother goes to school.

gma amzzan da ytddu s l-mdrasa.

�و س �أ گما�ز��ن داي E%ر� .ا₢�


47 � Tamazight

PRACTICE

Exercise: read the following text and read the questions at the bottom.

isminu John, baba ismns Steven, mma ismns Judy. āuri krad$ n aytmatn: snat trbatin d yan urba. gma ismns Brian. da yxddm g yat š-šarika. uttma Kathy, tiwl, āurs sin iširran: arba d trbat. arba isul imzziy, āurs tlt šhur. tarbat āurs tmnya n isggasn, da tddu s l-mdrasa, uttma tamzzant Mary, tsul da taqra g l-jamiعa.

%��إ� �،نẇ+�ڤ%�� إ�9�9 ، �$ دQ$ن%��إ

)أ=$ري آ�اض ن ، دQ$دي �%��ت : �+��9��) د ��ن � ��) إگما. ر�9أ گ��م ا د. %�� 9ا�

Eآ�N₢لأو. ��ت ا$�� * uآ� �� ، ( =$رس %� =$رس ،�5يإ%$ل إر�9 أ. ر�9 د ��9تأ]�ان إ

) دإ��9ت =$رس ��E ن .�T[ �Ǒ$ر �و ا%�۷%�E%ر�5��، أوس ا₢�� گ��Uا ا#� ��ري �ẇ$ل دا�

E��F₢ا.

Questions:

1. babas n John, mismns? 1 (؟��ẇ�� ،ن$Q�9�9س ن د

2. mmans, mismns? 2( ��#، ؟��ẇ��

3. šHal n aymatn ayd illan āur John? ن؟$Qر د$= �إDن أ� ( �] �ل )3 ن أ�+��

4. mayd igan amzzan g taxamt n John? ن؟$Qن د ��نگاإ أ�5ان گ 4( ��



DIRECTIONS Objective: by the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

• Describe where objects are located.

• Give and receive directions to places around town.

PREPOSITIONS

To/for i إ Near/next to

tama n تما ن......

In g گ Behind d $art(n) ارت ض....

From sg گس In front of

dat (n)

.....دات

With / and d د Under ddaw اود

With/by means of

s س In the middle

g wammas گاس وام

Without bla بال On the right

xf uyffas يفاسأخف

On/up aflla n ن فال أ On the left

xf uzlmad خفزلماضأ

About/on xf/āif غيف / خف Between gr رگ

Until ar رأ Here da دا

Above/over nig گني Here din دين

Examples:

The mosque is near (next to) the school.

l-jamع illa tama n

l-mdrasa.

.تما ن المدرسةال إالجامع

The well is behind the fields.

anu illa d $art igran. رانگإارت ضال إنو أ.

The house of Mohamed is between the mosque and the school.

taddart n Mohamed tlla gr l-jamع d l-mdrasa.

رالجامع گتدارت ن محمد تال .د المدرسة


49 � Tamazight

DIRECTIONS

Bus station

l-maHt$t$a n l-kiran

ن المحطة الكيران

Close/near inmala نمالإ

The mosque

l-jamمعالجا ع Where is ... please?

mani ... s $aHa?

صحا؟.....ماني

Store taHanut نوتتحا Go straight ddu nišan دو نيشان School l-mdrasa رسةالمد Turn right d $uwr xf

uyffas دور خف

يفاسأ

Post office

l-bost$a البوسطة Turn left d $ur xf uzlmad $

دور خفضزلماأ

Public phone

t-tilibutik التيليبوتيك Pass the first street

zri z-znqt tamzwarut

زري الزنقت تامزواروت

Weekly market

s-suq قالسو In the second street

g z-znqt tisnat

الزنقت گ تيسنات

Far iعrq قعرإ

Dialogue:

Daniel d Hicham tama n l-jamدانييل د هشا م تما ن الجامع. ع

Daniel: s-salamu عlaykum السالم عليكم. :دانييل

Hicham: waعlaykum s-salam السالمو عليكم . :هشام

Daniel: samHi riā ak-sqsaā saHHa سقساغ صحا كأغ سامحي ري. :دانييل

Hicham: waxxa, mrHba هشام .ابوخا مرح:

Daniel: mani tadart n عli Ussu ارت ن علي وسو؟ماني تد :دانييل

Hicham: ddu nišan ar taHanut, llan sin ibrdan, yan xf uzlmad $ d wayd$ xf uyffas. t$fur abrid n uyffas ar tawd yat taddart taxatart, taddart n li Ussu tlla dع $ar as.

الن سين ، نوتر تحاأن دو نيشاوايض زلماض د أ يان خف،بردانإ

ر أس يفاأبريد ن أفور ط. سيفاأخف تدارت ن . تخاتارترتتاوض يات تدا

.تال ضاراس علي وسو

:هشام

Daniel: ad irHm rbbi lwaldin. الوالدينيرحمهللا ا .

:دانييل



Hicham: waldin a waldik هشام .والدينا والديك:

Daniel: llah iعawn اهللا يعاون. :دانييل

Hicham: llah iعawn اهللا يعاون. :هشام


51 � Tamazight

GRAMMATICAL POINTS

THE IMPERATIVE.

The imperative form of a verb is used to give commands. i.e. “Go to the store”,

“Open the window”, “Study Tamazight” . The Simple Imperative form requires an immediate action. (do the action)

The Continuous Imperative is an order that is expected to be followed

continuously. (keep doing the action)

Verbs Simple Imperative Continuous Imperative

To go ddu و د tddu وتد

To stay/sit qqim قيم tqqima تقيما

To drink su سو ssa اس

To wake up/to stand up nkr نكر nkkr نكر

To wear to put on ls لس lssa الس

To put (down) srs سرس srus سروس

To open anf نفأ tanf نفتا

To close qqn قن tqqn تقن

To take amz مزأ tamz مزتا

To say/tell ini نيإ tini تيني

To eat tš تش ttša شات

The imperative has three forms :

Go (singular) ddu ود

Go (plural masc.) dduyat وياتد

Go (plural fem.) ddumt ومتد



NEGATION OF THE IMPERATIVE.

The negative imperative is formed by using the negative word “adur” preceding

the verb to which conjugate to the “you” forms as shown below.

t_____t ت_______ت

t_____m م_______ت adur +

t_____mt مت_______ت

دورأ +

e.g “Don’t go”.

tddut تد وت tddum تدوم adur

tddumt تدومت

دورأ

Examples:

Don’t drink water from the river.

adur tssut aman sg wasif.

. واسيفگس تسوت أمان دورأ

Don’t travel at night. adur tsafrm ggid$. ضيگ أدور تسافرم.

Don’t smoke here. adur tkmmimt da. دور تكميمت داأ.


53 � Tamazight

PRACTICE

Exercise 1: fill in the blanks with the appropriate prepositions. (There may be

more than one appropriate answer.

1. sawlā ________ Moha. 1 v �% 1₢و ..................�Z$�.

2. llan waman ________ wasif. 2v ن و��نD...............X .و%�

3. tlla taddart ________ Moha ________ l-bost$a.

3v� ҟارت�� .............. �Z$� ............. .EW%ا₢�$

4. munā ___ عli ______ Rabat 4v 1#$�................* Ǒ�...........ا₢��9ط.

5. tsawl Mary _____ Pall _____ tmaziāt.

5v �ẇ��ز�>�........ولw.........ول ��ري.

6. ira Tom ad iqqim _____ askka. 6v م إ$�.%�۷أ.............."�Κ إد أرا

7. ur illi utfl ______ عari. 7v إور أ * \أ₢ ;�.��ري............

8. illa muš ______ t$-t$abla. 8v ش إ$�D.............EǑ�W₢ا.

9. tlla l-mdrasa ______ l-Hmmam d l-bost$a.

9v E%ر�ҟ ا₢� � .EW%ا₢�$ ا₢ ��م د ...........

10. llan itran _______ ignna. 10v نDان إ��.ناگإ............

11. is trit a tmunt ____ Hammu s s-suq.

11v إ ��.Z�$ س ا₢ẇ$ق .........��$#� أس

Exercise 2: using the map, give each person directions.

1. Dave is at the sbit$ar, and wants to go to l-bost$a.

2. Anna is at the maHt$t$a and wants to go to l-ot$il.

3. Stephen is at the marši and wants to go to the s-siber.

4. Hakim is in the hanut and wants to go to l-Hmmam.



Exercise 3: put the verbs between parentheses in their negative imperative

form.

qbl a tddu Fad$ma s s-suq tnna i yširran ns.

. (anf) tiflut i yawdyan. .)X#ت إ) أ$Ǒ;� .ن��ود��

. (ffā) s brra. .)13 (س �9ا.

. (ali) s aflla afad( dr) g d-druj .)* ҟ أ�3د ) أ₢ . ا₢�روجگ) _�(س أ3

. (lعb) takurt g taddart afad (rz) ka .) p �ارت أ�3د گ�۷$رت ) ₢��.آ�) رز(

. (kjm) s l-kuzina (asi) l-mus d (ssiā)

l-but$a

.)ΚFآ ( Eس ا₢۷$ز��)* ) %�1 (ا₢�$س د ) أ%�f$ .ا₢�

. qqimat g l-bitnun, ārat l-ktubnun nād tfrjat g t-tlfaza

ن ت ا₢۷+$�9$=�ا . ا₢��+�$نگ��ت "�. � . ا₢+Ǒ;5ةگ�;��Qت #>


55 � Tamazight

DAILY ROUTINE Objective: by the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

• Talk about your daily activities.

PRESENT TIME EXPRESSIONS

Now dāi دغي

Every ku كو

Every day ku yas كو ياس

Every morning ku s$-s$baH كوالصباح

Every afternoon ku tadggat تگاكو تد

Every night ku ggid$ ض گيكو

Every year ku asggas سگاسأكو

Every summer ku s$-s$if يفكو الص

Every month ku ayyur كو أيور

On Saturday as n s-sbit سبيتالأس ن

Sometimes kan tikkal تيكالكان

Once a year yan tikklt g usggas سگاسأ گيات تيكلت

Every afternoon ku tadggat تگاتدكو



GRAMMATICAL POINTSGRAMMATICAL POINTSGRAMMATICAL POINTSGRAMMATICAL POINTS

THE PRESENT TENSE.

In Tamazight, we form the present tense of a verb by adding the following

prefixes and suffixes to its imperative continuous form.

nk da ______ ā غ_______دا نك

Kiy/km da t______t ت______دا ت كم/كي

ntta da y______ دا ي______ نتا

nttat da t______ دا ت______ تنتا

nkni da n______ دا ن______ نكني

knni da t_____m م_______دا ت كني

knnimti da t_____mt مت______دا ت كنيمتي

nitni da ______n ن_______دا نتني

nitnti da ______nt نت_______دا نتنتي

Example:

Verb Infinitive form Imperative continuous

To go ddu tddu

I go nk da tdduā وغ�� نك دا

You go Kiy/km da tddut وت دا�� كم/كي

He goes ntta da ytddu دا �و�+ نتا

She goes nttat da tddu و�� نتات دا

We go nkni da ntddu دا +#�و نكني

You (m, p) go knni da tddum وم دا�� كني


57 � Tamazight

You (f, p) go knnimti da tddumt و�� كنيمتي دا

They (m) go nitni da tddun ون��تنيين دا

They (f) go nitnti da tddunt �#و��نتيتين دا

Some verbs.

Verbs Infinitive/ imperative Continuous

imperative/present stem

To eat tš y � ttša �N+� To drink su $% ssa �%

To wake up nkr �۷# nkkr �۷# To talk sawl ول�% sawal وال�%

To cook snu $�% snwa ا$�%

To laugh t$s �f t$ssa �ẇf

To wash ssird �د% ssirid ��%

To look sksu $ẇ۷% sksiw $ẇ۷%

To know isin ( �tisin ẇ إ%�( �

To swim عum م$� tعum م$��

To write uru أورو turu رو$�

To turn off sxsi * ẇ�% sxsay ي�ẇ�%

To smoke km * آ� kmmi * آ� To read ār �= qra ا�"

Examples:

Jo speaks Tamazight well.

Jo da tsawal tamaziāt mzyan.

. تسوال تمازيغت مزياناجو د

Every summer, I travel to the U.S.

ku s$-s$if da tsafarā s mirikan.

تسافارغ س اكو الصيف د.مريكان

Lisa swims in the pool. Lisa da tعum g lapisin. تعوماليسا د .

Where are you (every) Saturday afternoon?

mag da ttilim as n s-sbt tadggat?

سبت التيليم أس ن داگما؟تگاتد

How many books do you read in a month?

mšta n l-ktub da tqrat g wayyur?

گ تقرات دامشتا ن الكتوب ؟ويور



NEGATION OF THE PRESENT TENSE.

To form the negation of the present tense, we simply add the prefix “ur” (*) to

the conjugated verb.

Examples:

I don’t drink tea with sugar.

ur da ssaā atay s-skkar. اغ أتاي س السكراأوردس .

They don’t go to school on Sunday.

ur da tddun s l-mdrasa as n l-Hdd.

تدون س المدرسة أس ن اوردأ.الحد

FORMATION OF THE IMPERATIVE CONTINUOUS.

There are 3 main categories of the imperative continuous.

1st Category:

(Verb in the simple imperative) + (the prefix “t” with an “a” inserted before the last

letter).

Examples:

1. to play: “lعb” becomes “tlعab”.

2. to photograph: “s $wwr” becomes “ts$wwar”

Yousef is playing in front of the house.

Yussef da ytlعab imi n taddart.

�ارت�* ن .�$%X دا �+��Ǒب إ�

Cathy is photographing her family everyday.

Cathy da ts $wwar l-familans kuyas.

�# EǑ��;₢ار ا$Y�* دا �آ� .آ$��س

2nd Category:

(Verb in the simple imperative) + (prefix “t”).

Examples:

1. to send: “azn” becomes “tazn”.

2. to collect water: “agm” becomes “tagm”.

John is sending letters to his family every month.

John da ytazn tibratin i l-familans ku ayyur

دجون دا يتازن تبراتين إ الفاملة .نس كو أيور

Alicia is collecting water from the spring every day.

Alicia da tagm aman sg taābalut kuyas.

گسأمان گم اتأليشا دا .تاغبالوت كوياس


59 � Tamazight

3rd Category:

(Verb in the imperative) + (the middle letter is doubled).

Examples:

1. to smoke: “kmi” becomes “kmmi”

Moha smokes sometimes. Moha da ykmmi kan tikkal.

. تيكالموحا دايكمي كان

For more examples of the Present continous form, refer to the verb glossary

below.

Examples of the 3 main categories of imperative Continuous Verbs.

1ST CATEGORY:

Verbs infinitive/imperative Continuous

imperative/present stem To answer wajb p Qوا twajab ب�Qا$�

To play lعb p �₢ tlعab ب��Ǒ� To pay xlls $ ` ǑG txllas ҟص $ ��

To get used to walf X₢وا twalaf فDا$�

To annoy sddع ع�� tsddaاع ع�Y�

To add zayd ��5ا��د tzayad زا�

To watch tv frrj �3ج tfrraj اج�;� To greet sllm ΚǑ% tsllam مҟ ẇ�

To change (money)

s $rrf ف�� ts $rraf اف�Y�

To have breakfast

fd $r �V3 tfd $ar ر�V; �

To change bddl ل�9 tbddal ال�� To draw rsm Κ%ر trsam م�%��

To understand fhm ΚT3 tfham م�T;� To be late عt $t$r �W� tعt$t$ar ر�W��

To help عawn ون�� tعawan وان��

To travel safr �3�% tsafar �3ر�ẇ�

To be sick mrd$ ض�� tmrad$ اض��

To photograph s $wwr ر$� ts $wwar ا$Y�ر

To dance št$H ] W[ tšt$aH ح�WN� To record sjjl \ F% tsjjal ل�Fẇ�



To win rbH ] ��9ح trbaH ر9

To accept qbl \ �" tqbal ل��U� To return back عayd �� tعayad د�� To reduce (lower)

nqqs ` U# tnqqas ص�U��

2nd CATEGORY:

verbs Infinitive/imperative Continuous imperative/present

stem

To remove kks آ� tkks �۷� To walk around

d $wwr ر$_ td $wwr ر$V�

To write uru أورو turu رو$�

To exit ffā 13 tffā 1;� To be illi * Ǒإ� tilli * Ǒ�� To be able iāiy * * ttiāiy إ= <�� To be afraid ggd *( tggd *+,

To arrive awd$ وضأ tawd$ وض��

To climb up ali أ* ₢ tali * ₢�� To forget ttu $� ttu $�

To cut bbi * 9 tbbi * ��

To take amz 5أ� tamz 5��

To accompany mun ن$� tmun ن$��

To climb down ggz زگ tggz زتگ

To collect water

agm مگأ tagm مگتا

To send azn أزن tazn زن��

To want/like/love

iri إ��ي tiri ي��

To sing irir إ�� tirir ��

To recover jjiy * Q tjjiy * F�

To try arm أرم tarm رم��

To ask ttr �� ttr ��

To hear sfld �Ǒ;% sflad دҟ ;%

To close qqn ( " tqqn ( U� To swim عum م$� tعum م$��


61 � Tamazight 3rd CATEGORY.

Verbs Infinitive/omperative Continuous

imperative/present stem

To enter kjm ΚFآ kjjm ΚFآ

To wake up nkr �۷# nkkr �۷# To smoke kmi * آ� kmmi * آ� To start bdu و�9 bddu و�9 To pour xwu و$G xwwu و$G

To build bnu $�9 bnnu $�9 To scratch kmz 5�آ kmmz 5�آ To slaughter ārs س�= ārrs س�=

To graze fz 53 tfzza 5ا;� To scrab mri ي�� mrri ي��

To bush krd$ آ�ض krrd$ آ�ض To peel (an egg)

zlm Κ₢ز zllm Κ₢ز

To borrow rd$l \ _ rd$d ر $l \ _ ر

To break down

xsr �ẇG xssr ẇG�

To wound jrH ح�Q jrrH ح�Q

To wipe off sfd$ { ;% sffd$ { ;%

To warn عlm ΚǑ� عllm ΚǑ�

To sew gnu ونگ gnnu نوگ



*

PRACTICE

Exercise 1: describe the present tense of the following activities.


63 � Tamazight

Exercise 2: put the verbs between parentheses in the present tense.

ku s$-s$if “nkkin” (safr) s Miami (amz) yat l-bit g yan lot $il irxsn. kulši lot$ilat ālan ašku bzzaf n mddn (ddu) s Miami. Ku s $-s$baH (fd$r). g 1O:OO (fā) s brra. g luqt n imkli (sā) sandwitš ašku ur āuri l-flus. mn bعd (ddu) s l-bHr. kan tikkal s (aydع) dعtakurt. mn b (bعl) nād (umع)lot$il. (tš) imnsi g 7:30. g ggid (ār) l-ktabinu.

يات ) أمز(س ميامي ) سافر" (نكين"كو الصيف كولشي لوطيالت . نص يان لوطيل إرخگالبيت

كو . س ميامي) دو(غالن أشكو بزاف ن ميدن گ. س برا) فغ( 10:00 گ). فضر(الصباح

ساندويتش أشكو أورغوري ) سغ(لوقت ن إمكلي كان تيكال . س البحر) دو(من بعد . الفلوس

س ) عايد(من بعد . تكورت) لعب(نغد ) عوم( يضگ گ. 7:30گ إمنسي) تش(. لوطيل

.بينولكتا ا)غر(

Exercise 3: write a paragraph about the set of pictures.

Exercise 4: read the text then answer the questions below.

isminu Rob. āuri yan muš ismns Pat. kan tikkal da ytddu s igran ad iHwws. Pat ur da yttša iārdayn wala ibxxušn, da yssa l-Hlib d da yttša āas s-srdin. Pat iwHl abda, da yggan sg l-fd$ur ar imnsi. mqqar da yggan Pat, da yi tkks lqnd$. da yi tfur aynnas ddiā, mk gnā da ytlعab s l-ktubinu. iHla Pat walaynni ur tHmiln wadjarn, da t kkatn ur da as ikkin awdHaH. yan was iffā Pat s igran

. تا-غوري يان موش إسمنس . إسمينو روبت ا.. ان أد إحوسرگس إ تدوي ل دااكان تيك

سا ي تتشا إغرداين وال إبخوشن داي ور داأت إوحل أبدا اپ. السردينتتشا غاسي لحليب د داا

ن يگا مقار دا .منسيالفضور أر إ گسن گاي دانا س ديغ مك يتفور أي ياتكس القنط دي ت داا. ينيال وات .إحال .يتلعاب س الكتوبينو نغ داگ



ar itlعab allig iwHl. mn bعd idda s tama n yan usklu ad ign. imiH iddad yan urgaz ad ibbi asklu. ur yannay Pat, yusi aglzim ar-ikkat asklu. Pat ign da ytwirig ur yuki allig t iwt usklu. immut igllin. udrā as tama n ildjign nnag da ytlعab ku yas. iqqima digi l-Hal, usar nniā ad ttuā Pat mayd tla ddunit ašku iāzza āuri bzzaf.

كين إور داسكاتن أ أور تحميلن وادجارن دا تر أران گ س إات.يان واس إفغ .أودحاحمن بعد إدا س تمان يان . إوحلگليإتلعاب أ . أد إبي أسكلوزگارإميح إداد يان أ .نگد إأأسكلو

.إكات أسكلو أر 012/)أيوسي . ات .أور يناي تيوت گلي أور يوكي أگيتويري دانگإات .

نجيگاس تمان إلد أودرغ. لينگإموت إأسكلو . الحالييگإقيما د. تلعاب كوياسي داگ نا

ات مايد تال الدونيت أشكو پتوغ أوسار نيغ أد .ري بزافوعزا غإ

Questions:

1. mism n muš? ؟ميسم ن موش

2. is da yttša (Pat) iārdayn? إغرداين؟ات.إس دايتشا

3. max da yggan bzzaf? ن بزاف؟گاي ماخ دا

4. mas da ytlعab? تلعاب؟ي ماس دا

5. mayd da as karn wadjarn i Pat? ات؟پ س سكارن وادجارن إامايد

6. mag ign Pat? ات؟ پنگ إگما

7. mayd iskr urgaz? ز؟گارمايد إسكر أ

8. is ur immut Pat? ات؟پس أور إموت إ

9. mag yudr Rob i Pat? ت؟ا. يودر گما

10. is ad ittu Rob mušns? أد إتو روب موش نس؟إس


65 � Tamazight


Tafullust n waman ومانتفولوست ن

g yat tmazirt izdā yan ufllaH d tmt$t$utns. āursn z-zhr ašku āursn yat tfllust n waman nna ittarun tiglay am d-dhb. ku yas da-zznzan yat tglayt g s-suq d da ssaān ayna tn-ixs $s $an. walayni yan was tamt$t$ut tna i wrgazns: “aytx n tfullust ur da ttaru āas yat tglayt i was ur aā tqd$i. ixs$s $a yaā ad as nārs afad a nasi d-dhb illan agnsuns d hat a ng labas”, argaz iga r-ray i tmt$t$utns, ināa tn t $-t$mع d ārsn i tfullust n waman. idā as ārsn ur ufin awdHaH. ur ufin la d-dhb wala tqqima āursn tfullust ittarun taglayt n d-dhb i was.

فالح د تمطوت يات تمازيرت إزدغ يان أگ تفلوست نس غورسن الزهر أشكو غورسن يات

اكوياس د .ي أم الدهبتگالن ومان نا إتارون ساغن أينا السوق د داگ يت تگالزنزان يات

از گوليني يان واس تمطوت تنا إور .تن إخصاندا تارو غاس يات أيتخ ن تفولوست أور" :نسس اياغ أد إ واس أور أغ تقضي إخصايت تگال

نس د نسوگ أفاد أ ناسي الدهب إالن أنغرس، الراي إتمطوت نسگاز إگاأر" الباسگنهات أ

إدغ . إنغاتن الطمع د غرسن إ تفولوست ن وامانفين ال الدهب أور أ، فين أودحاحأس غرسن أور أ

ن يتتگالوال تقيما غورسن تفولوست إتارون . اسالدهب إ و

Questions:

1. mayd izdān g yat tmazirt? 1- يات تمازيرت؟گمايد إزدغن

2. mayd āursn? d mayd da ttaru? 2-مايد غورسن؟ د مايد دا تارو؟

3. mayd day-skar ufllaH d tmt$t $utns kuyas?

سكار أفالح د تمطوت نس كوياس؟ ي مايد دا-3

4. mayd tna tmt$t$ut i wrgazns? 4-نس؟زگا مايد تنا تمطوت إ ور

5. mn bعd, mayd iga ufllaH? 5-فالح ؟أ گا مايد إ، من بعد

6. mayd skrn? 6-مايد سكرن؟

7. is ufan d-dhb agnsu n tfullust? 7-ن تفولوست؟نسوگفان الدهب أ إس أ

Exercise 6: write your time line of activities for last Sunday.



PAST EVENTS Objective: by the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

• Talk about past activities

Time vocabulary: DAYS OF THE WEEK

Day as سأ Tuesday t$-t$lat التالت

Week s-simana ةنالسيما Wednesday l-arbالربع ع

Sunday l-Hdd الحد Thursday l-xmis الخميس

Monday l-tnin التنين Friday l-jumuعa الجمعة

Saturday s-sbt السبت

MONTHS OF THE YEAR

Month ayyur أيور June yunyu يونيو

Year asggas سسگاأ July yulyuz يوليوز

January yanayr يناير August āušt غشت

February fbrayr فبراير September šutanbir شتنبر

March mars مارس October octubr أكتوبر

April abril أبريل November nuwanbir نونبر

THE SEASONS

Spring r-rbiالربيع ع Fall l-xrif لخريفا

Summer s $-s$if الصيف Winter tagrst سترگتا


67 � Tamazight

PAST TIME EXPRESSIONS

This year asggasa ساسگاأ

Last year asggas (nna) yzrin يزرين) نا (سسگاأ

Last month ayyur (nna) yzrin يزرين) نا(أيور

Last week s-simana (nna) yzrin يزرين) نا(انة السيم

Yesterday asnat $ /asant$ أسانط/ أسناط

Today assa اأس On (day of the week) as n ... س نأ.......

On Friday as n l-jumuعa أس ن الجمعة In (month) g ... گ........

In August g āušt غشتگ

At (time) g ... گ.......

At 9:00 g t-tsعud تسعودال گ

At dawn g l-fjr الفجرگ

In the morning g s $-s$baH الصباحگ

In the afternoon / evening

g tadggat تگا تدگ

At night g ggid يضگ گ $

At midnight g wammas n yid$ واماس ن ييضگ

Already yad ديا

Long time ago wahli aya واهلي أيا The day before yesterday

aslid أسليد

The other day as lliā أس ليغ Last night id $gam مضگاإ

Ago aya أيا 2 years ago sin isggasn aya سن أيا سگاسين إ



GRAMMATICAL POINTS

THE PAST TENSE.

In order to conjugate a verb in the past tense, we add prefixes and suffixes to

the stem.

There are two past tense conjugation patterns. All verbs in the past tense fall

into one of these two patterns. However each pattern is comprised of both

regular and irregular verbs.

• PAST TENSE PATTERN 1.

I nkkin __ā __غ We nkni n__ ن__

You

(m, f)

Kiy/km t__t ت__ت

You

(m, p)

knni t__m م__ت

He ntta i__ إ__

You

(f, p)

knnimti t__mt مت__ت

she nttat t__ ت__ They (m) nitni __n __ن

They (f) nitnti __nt __نت

Regular verbs

When we say “regular verb”, we mean a verb that is conjugated without changes

in its stem. We only add prefixes and suffixes.

To understand fhm ΚT3 nk fhmā فهمغ ' # nkni nfhm نكني نفهم

Kiy/km tfhmt آ تفهمت* /Κآ knni tfhmm متفهم كني

ntta ifhm

تمتفهم knnimti tfhmmt #+� إفهم تيمكني

nttat tfhm ت تفهم�+# nitni fhmn تنيين فهمن

nitnti fhmnt ��T3 #�+�* +


69 � Tamazight

Some verbs:

To help عawn عاون to pay xlls خلص $

To enter kjm كجم to listen sfld سفلد

To go out ffā فغ to travel safr فرسا

To swim عum عوم to live (reside)

zdā زدغ

To work xdm خدم to accompany

mun مون

To wash ssird ردسي to ride ni ني To look sksu سكسو to wake up) nkr نكر To sleep gn نگ to ask for ttr تر To play lعab لعب to get used

to wllf لفو

To get sick mrd$ مرض to watch (tv)

tfrrj تفرج

To talk/ To speak

sawl ساول to ask sqsa سقسا

To pass zri زري to put (down)

srs سرس

To fall d $r ضر to hope tmnna تمنا To forget ttu تو to knead عjn عجن

Examples:

I talked to my family in Tamazight.

sawlā i l-familanu s tmaziāt.

.لفاميالنو س تمازيغتاولغ إ سا

Last year Suzan lived in Chicago.

asggas nna izrin Suzan tzdā g Chicago.

إزرين سوزان تزدغ نا سسگاأ.وگشيكا گ

Last summer we traveled to Miami.

s $-s$if nna izrin nsafr s Miami.

س ر إزرين نساف ناالصيف.ميامي



Irregular verbs

Pattern 1 irregular verbs follow the same prefix and suffix rules as regular

verbs, but their stems change during conjugation. Most of these stem changes

fall into one of three categories, but there are exceptions.

1. A U irregulars

Verbs beginning with ‘a’ (*) which change to ‘u’ (*) when conjugated

To draw water agm مگأ

nk ugmā مغگأ مگنو nkni nugm نك نكني

Kiy/km tugmt متگتو كم/ كي knni tugmm ممگتو كني

ntta *yugm

مگيو تممگتو knnimti tugmmt نتا تيمكني

nttat tugm مگتو منگأ nitni ugmn نتات تنيين

nitnti ugmnt منتگأ نتيتين

*Notice that in the 3rd person singular masculine form, we insert “y” before the

actual verb instead of “i”.

Some verbs:

To send azn أزن to take amz أمز To open anf أنف to taste arm أرم To climb up ali ألي to hang (up) agl لگأ

To trust amn امن to steal akr أكر To burry adr أدر

Examples:

Last month, I sent a letter to my family.

ayyur nna izrin uznā tabrat i l-familanu

ابرات إزرين أزنغ ت ناأيور .نو إالفاملة

Yesterday, we climbed the mountain.

asnat $ nuli j-jbl نولي الجبلط أسنا.

Last Sunday, khadija tried a delicious fruit in the souk.

l-Hdd izrin khadija turm yan d-disir iHlan g s-suq.

ورم يان الحد إزرين خديجة ت.السوقگ الديسير إحالن


71 � Tamazight

2. A I irregulars

Verbs beginning with ‘a’ (*) which change to ‘i’ (*) when conjugated

To get married awl أول

nk iwlā نك إولغ nkni niwl نكني نول

Kiy/km tiwlt كم/ كي تولت knni tiwlm كني تولم

ntta yiwl نتا ييول knnimti tiwlmt تيمكني تولمت

nttat tiwl نتات تول nitni iwln تنيين إولن

nitnti iwlnt نتيتين إولنت

Some verbs.

To bring awi أوي To arrive awd$ أوض

Examples:

Yesterday, the volunteers of Ouarzazat arrived.

asnat iwd $n l-mutat$awiعin n

warzazat. إوضن المتطوعين ن طأسنا

.ورزازات

They (f) brought their books to class.

nitnti iwint l-ktubnsnt s

l-qism.

لكتوب نسنت س ا إونت يتتنين.القسم

She got married last year.

nttat, tiwl asggas izrin. س إزرينسگاأنتات تيول.

3. U A irregulars

Verbs beginning with ‘u’ (*) which change to ‘a’ (*) when conjugated.

To write uru أرو

nk aruā نك أروغ nkni naru نكني نرو

Kiy/km tarut كم/ كي تروت knni tarum كني تروم

ntta yaru نتا يرو knnimti tarumt تيمكني ترومت



nttat taru نتات ترو nitni arun رونأ تنيين

nitnti arunt يتنتين أرونت

Examples:

Thomas fasted Ramadan with his family.

Thomas yazum rmd$an d l-familans.

س يزوم رمضان د الفاملة توما.نس

My sister folded her clothes in the wordrop early in the morning.

utma tadu iHruyn ns g l-maryu s$-s$baH zik.

گ ا تاضو إحروين نستمأ.المريو الصباح زيك

MoHa skined a lamb in the big feast.

yazu Moha anugud g l-عid axatar

العيد گض وگيزو موحا أنو.أختار

4. Exceptions: the verb “to know”

The verb “to know” is a very useful example of a pattern 1 irregular verb which

does not fall into one of the three major categories. Exceptions such as this will

have to be learned through practice and interaction.

When conjugating “to know” (isin), both ‘i’s are dropped from the stem.

To know isin إسين

nk snā نك سنغ nkni nsn نكني نسن

Kiy/km tsnt كم/ كي تسنت knni tsnm كني تسنم

ntta isn ننتا إس knnimti tsnmt تيمكني تسنمت

nttat tsn ننتات تس nitni snn ننس تنيين

nitnti snnt تنسن ييتنتن

• PAST TENSE PATTERN 2.

Pattern 2 verbs use a different set of suffixes and prefixes to conjugate the

past form.

nk __iā __يغ نك nkni n__a ا__ن نكني


73 � Tamazight

Kiy/km t__it يت__ت كم/ كي knni t__am ام__ت كني

ntta i__a ا__إ امت__ت knnimti t__amt نتا تيمكني

nttat t__a ا__ت ان__ nitni __an نتات تنيين

nitnti __ant __انت نتييتن

regular verbs

As with the previous example, you conjugate pattern 2 regular verbs by adding

the prefixes and suffixes to the stem, which does not change.

To eat tš تش

nk tšiā نك تشيغ nkni ntša نكني نتشا

Kiy/km ttšit كم/ كي تتشيت knni ttšam كني تتشام

ntta itša نتا إتشا knnimti ttšamt تيمكني تتشامت

nttat ttša نتات تتشا nitni tšan تنيين تشا ن

nitnti tšant نتيتين تشانت

Some verbs.

To stop/ stand up

bdd بد To dig āz

غز

To sell znz زنز To bake/ cook snu سنو

To buy sā سغ To wear ls لس To lose zl زل To throw gr رگ

To drink su سو To laugh t$s تس To be/do g گ To call/

study/read/invite ār غر

To give k ك To kill nā نغ To pass kk ك To break rrz رز



Examples:

I bought a djellaba. sāiā yat tjllabit. سغيغ يات تجالبيت.

They studied Tamazight in Morocco.

āran tamazight g l-mārib المغربگتمازيغت غران .

We cooked a delicious tajin.

nsnua yan t $-t$ajin yat $futn نسنوا يان الطاجين ياطفوتن.

irregular verbs

As with Pattern 1 irregular verbs, the prefixes and suffixes remain fixed, while

the stem of the verb changes. Pattern 2 irregulars are also broken in to 3 major

groups.

1. Trailing ‘u’ irregulars

For verbs ending in ‘u’ (*), the final ‘u’ is dropped before adding the prefixes and

suffixes.

To begin bdu بدو

nk bdiā نك بديغ nkni nbda نكني نبدا

Kiy/km tbdit كم/ يك تبديت knni tbdam كني تبدام

ntta ibda نتا إبدا knnimti tbdamt تيمكني تبدامت

nttat tbda نتات تبدا nitni bdan تنيين بدان

nitnti bdant نتييتن بدانت

Some verbs.

To go ddu و د to build bnu بنو To empty xwu خوو to rent kru كرو To smell kd$u كضو to sew gnu ونگ

To rest swunfu سوونفو to roast šwu شوو

To be nice Hlu حلو


75 � Tamazight

Examples:

I rented a cheap house. kriā yat taddart irxsn. ت إرخصنكريغ يات تدار.

They threw the trash in the ditch.

xwan z-zbl g targa. گارت گ خوان الزبل.

You (m, p) started work early.

knni tbdam zik l-xdmt. زيك الخدمتكني تبدام .

You (f, p) went to the souk yesterday.

knnimti tddamt s s-souq asnat $.

متي تدامت س السوق يكن.أسناط

2. A U irregulars

Like the Pattern 1 A->U irregulars, the Pattern 2 form changes the leading ‘a’->’u’

when conjugated. In the Pattern 2 irregulars, however, the ‘a’ undergoing

change can be at the front or in the middle of the verb as it is in “rar” (to

return/vomit) whose stem changes to “rur” in conjugation.

To find af أف

nk ufiā نك أفيغ nkni nufa نكني نوفا

Kiy/km tufit كم/ كي توفيت knni tufam كني توفام

ntta yufa نتا يوفا knnimti tufamt تيمكني توفامت

nttat tufa نتات توفا nitni ufan تنيين أفان

nitnti ufant نتيتين أفانت

Some verbs.

To leave / let

adj أدج to cry al أل

To run azzl لأز to carry asi أسي To return/ vomit

rar رار

Examples:

She left the book at school.

tudja l-ktab g l-mdrasa.

.المدرسة گ تودجا الكتاب



David didn’t leave his clothes in the house.

David ur yudji iHruyn ns g taddart.

جي إحروين نس دو أور يدڤ�دا.تدارت گ

Hicham lost 500 dirhams in the souk.

Hisham izla 500 drhm g s-suq.

گ درهم 500هشا م إزال .السوق

Did they turn back the books to the library?

is rurran l-ktub ār l-mktaba?

؟ب غر المكتبةوإس روران الكت

Malika carried a heavy bag on her back.

malika tusi yan s $-s $ak axatar aflla n tadawt ns.

تار اك أخالصمليكة توسي يان .أفال ن تداوت نس

3. Leading/Trailing ‘i’ irregulars

For pattern 2 verbs beginning and ending with ‘i’, we drop both before

conjugating.

To want iri إري

nk riā نك ر يغ nkni nra نكني نرا

Kiy/km trit كم/ كي تريت knni tram كني ترام

ntta ira نتا إرا knnimti tramt تيمكني ترامت

nttat tra نتات ترا nitni ran تنيين ران

nitnti rant نتيتين رانت

Some verbs.

To be ili إلي to say ini إني

Examples:

I knew nothing. ur ssinā awd maعlm. ينغ أود ماعلمأور س.

He hasn’t eaten nothing. ur itši awdHaH اور إتشي أودحاح.


77 � Tamazight

NEGATION OF THE PAST TENSE.

To negate verbs of the first pattern we add “ur” to the beginning of the verb

and we make the following changes:

1- add “I” before the last :

I didn’t travel to Marrakesh.

ur safrā s Mrrakš.

اكشأور سافرغ س مر.

I didn’t play soccer. ur lعibā takurt. أور لعبغ تاكورت.

I didn’t receive the letter.

ur yumiz tabrat. أور يوميز تابرات.

2- if the verb ends with a vowel we make no change in the stem:

Examples:

They weren’t members of the cooperation.

nitni ur amunt g taعawunia.

.عاونية التگنتني أور أمونت

I didn’t fold my clothes yet.

nkkin sulā ur aduā iHruyn inu

نكين سولغ أور أضوغ إحروين .إنو

They forgot to carry their camera in the trip.

ttun ur ussin l-kamera nsn

.ة نسنميرتون أور أسين الكا

3- if the verb ends with a consonant and the letter before it is a vowel:

Examples:

My little sister didn’t fast.

uttma tamzzant ur tazum.

نت أور اأوتما تامز

I didn’t accompany Driss to the fields.

ur munā d Driss s igran. رانگأور مونغ د دريس س إ.

I didn’t swim in the river as it is cold.

ur عumā g assif ašku illa

as $mmid$. أسيف أشكو إال گأور عومغ

.أصميض

As in the first pattern we add “ur”.but we change all the “as” in the suffixes to

“is”; “a”; “an”; “ant” becomes: “I”; “im”; “imt”; “in”; “int”.

He didn’t drink tea. ur iswi atay. يأور إسوي أتا.

We d’dn’t go to school. ur nddi s l-mdrassa. ي س المدرسةأور ند.

I didn’t carry my book. ur usiā l-ktabinu. نويغ الكتابيأور أس.

They didn’t want coffe. ur rint l-qhwa. أوررينت القهوة.



They didn’t buy the cow in the souk.

ur sāin tafunast g s-s-uq. گ أور سغينت تافوناست .السوق

Additional negative form.

Nothing walu والو Nothing awdmaعlm أود معلم Nothing awdHaH أودحاح No one (masc.) awdyan أود يان No one (fem.) awdyat اوديات

Examples:

I knew nothing. ur singā awdmaعlm ينغ أود معلمأور س He hasn’t eaten anything. ur itši awdHaH حاحأور إتشي أود

HAVE YOU EVER…/ I’VE NEVER…

The equivalents of these two expressions in Tamazight are “is djin...?/ur

djin...” These expressions are followed by verbs conjugated in the past tense.

Whenever using "djin" you must use the negative form of the verb.

Examples:

Have you ever gone to America?

is ur djin tddit s mirikan?

ت س مريكان؟إس دجين تدي

No, I’ve never gone to America.

uhu, ur djin ddiā s mirikan.

.دجين ديغ س مريكان روأ، أهو

Have you everplayed soccer?

is ur djin tlعbt takurt? إس دجين تلعبت تكورت؟

Yes, I’ve played soccer.

yeah, lعbā takurt. لعبغ تكورت،هيا .

Have you ever eaten locusts?

is ur djin ttšam tamurāi? دجين تتشام تمورغي؟إس

We have never eaten locusts.

ur djin ntši tamurāi. دجين نتشي تمورغي روأ.


79 � Tamazight

OBJECT PRONOUNS

Direct Object Pronouns

In English, we have pronouns for the subject of a sentence; I, you, he, she, we,

and they. We also have direct object pronouns that we use after verbs. For

example :

Subject Verb Direct Object

she hit me

I saw her

(you) ask him

So far, you have learned the independant pronouns and the possessive pronouns.

Below are the direct object pronouns used in Tamazight after verbs.

Me i إي Us aā أغ You (m, s) k ك You (m, p) kn كن You (f, s) km كم You (f, p) knt كنت Him/it t ت Them (m) tn تن Her/it tt ت Them (f) tnt تنت

Note: The object pronouns are effectively combined with the verb. In this

text, verb stems and their objects will be separated by dashes (-) to aid in the

learning process. These dashes are meant to help visually separate the parts of

a verb, they should not be pronounced in any way.

Examples:

SalaH hit me. SalaH iwt i. صالح إوتي.

John played soccer. John ilعb takurt. دجون إلعب تكورت.

John played it. John ilعbt t. دجون إلعبت.

I asked Bassu. sqsaā Bassu. سقساغ باسو.

I asked him. sqsaā t. سقساغت.



Indirect Object Pronouns

Indirect object pronouns recieve the action of the verb indirectly. For example:

“Fatima gave him the book,”

“the book” recieves the action and in therefore the direct object. “him” is the

indirect object. For example:

“My brother told me the news.”

“the news” is the direct object, and “me” is the indirect object.

Me i إ Us aā أغ You (m, s) ak أك You (m, p) awn أون You (f, s) am أم You (f, p) awnt أونت Him as أس Them (m) asn أسن Her as أس Them (f) asnt أسنت

Examples :

I talked to Moha sawlā i Moha وحام ساولغ إ.

I talked to him sawlā as ساولغاس.

She helped Faďma and Hammou.

tعawn i Fad$ma d Hammou.

.فضمة د حموتعاون إ

She helped them. tعawn asn. تعاون أسن.

I gave the book to Aicha. kiā l-ktab i عiša. إ عيشةلكتاب اكيغ.

I gave her the book. kiā as l-ktab. لكتاباكيغ أس.

I gave it to her. kiā as t. كيغ أست.

Note: In the last example both a direct and indirect object are used. It would

translate litterally as “I gave to her, it” with “it” (the book) being represented

by ‘t’ and “her” (Aicha) being represented by “as”

THE PARTICIPLE.

The past participle in Tamazight is equivelant to the present perfect form in

English.

Past Present Perfect

He did He has done


81 � Tamazight

We obtain the past participle by conjugating a verb in the 3rd person (masculine,

singular) (i.e “he” form) in the past tense, and then we add the suffix 'n'. In

this form the verb does not have to agree in gender or number.

He read ntta iāra نتا إغرا He has read ntta ayd iāran نتا أيد إغران

Examples:

Who has read the book? mayd iāran l-ktab? يد إغران الكتاب؟ما

Who has gone out? mayd iffān? يد إفغن ؟ما

Who has spoken in Tamazight?

mayd isawln s tmaziāt? ؟يد إساولن س تمازيغتما

Note: 'ayd' is used in these sentences which emphasises the subject doing the

action of the verb. A rough translation would be "it is (me/he/she) who (has

done the action".



PRACTICE

Exercise 1: put the verbs between parentheses in the correct form.

Mohamed: may tgit asnat أسناط؟تگيت ي ما ?$ :محمد Malika: (عjn) aārum. (zzi)

tafunast. (ssird) iHruyn. i kiy?

سيرد . فوناستتا) زي( .أغروم) عجن(كي؟ إ. إحروين

:مليكة

Mohamed: (lعb) l-kart$a (tfrrj) g t-tlfaza, (gn)

التلفزة گ) تفرج(الكارطة ) لعب(.)نگ(

:محمد

Malika: waxxa ak iعawn rbbi ون ربيعايوخا أك. :مليكة Mohamed: awd km. أود كم. :محمد


1- (agl) imma iHruyn affla n usklu 1 .)سكلوإما إحروين أفال ن أ) لگأ.

2- (anf) chris labwat$ post $al asggas izrin

س سگاأ الطسو. طكريس البوا) أنف(. 2.إزرين

3- is (amz) l-waldink l-manda g l-bost$a

. البوسطةگ الوالدينك الماندا )أمز(س إ. 3

4- max allig (akr) arba tafullust g udwar?

أدوار؟گ لوست تف أربا)أكر(گ ليماخ أ. 4

Exercise 3: put the following words in order to make correct sentences.

1- s loberj / bzzaf n / iwdn / l-Hdd izrin / mddn.

الحد / إوضن .../ بزاف ن/ س لوبيرج . 1.مدن/ إزرين

2- Fatima / yan / tiwl / s-sif izrin / urgaz iHlan.

/ الصيف إزرين / تيول/ يان /فاطمة. 2.إحالن/ زگاأر

3- taddart / d-dwa ns / ur / s / yiwi / John.

/ ييوي / س / أور / دوا نس / تدارت. 3 دجون


83 � Tamazight


1- nttat (umu) g l-jmعia n tamazirt ns. 1 ( نتات)الجمعية ن تمازيرت نس گ) أمو .

2- nkrā sbaHa zik , ssirdā aqmunu, (udu) l-kašša, mn bعd fā.

) دوأ(، قمنوأ غسرد، نكرغ الصباح زيك) 2.شة من بعد فغاالك

3- g tmāra n Mohammed, (uzu) nk d baba yan unugud $ axatar.

نك د بابا يان ) أوزو(، ن محمد تمغراگ) 3.أختار وضگأنو

4- s$baHa nkni (uru) bzzaf xf l-mšruع n l-āabat.

بزاف خف المشروع ن ) أرو(صباحا نكني ) 4.الغابات

Exercise 5: put the verbs in parentheses in the correct form.

1. asnat$, RabHa (azn) tabrat i Lissa. 1( ناط رابحة سأ)اإ تبرات ) أزنليس. 2. nitnti (agm) aman sg wanu. 2 ( نيتني)وانوگ س أمان) مگأ.

3. is (awl) LaHsen mid isul? 3 ( إس)؟لحسن ميد إ سول) اول

Exercise 6: put the verbs in parentheses in the correct form then answer the

questions below.

Rmd$an izrin , hay’at s-salam (azn) David s yan udwwar. (awd) āur l-famila ns g taddart. David ur(azum) asnnat $ walakin (ini) i l-familans yan was yad$nin. David (frH) bzzaf kud (anf) l-bab n l-bitns. ur dis walu walakin tHla (agl) s$-s $akns g uyadir. s $-s$baH, (mun) d uttmans lat $ifa s targa (agm) aman s ssin. tirbatin n tmazirt (rعab) walakin iعjbasnt David. sin wayurn aya (uru) yan E-mail i l-familans g Mirican (ini) asn (awl) Lat$ifa .

س يان * 0ڤ دا)أزن(رمضان إزرين هيئة السالم دڤ#دا. ارتتاد گ نسملة الفاغور) أود. (أدوار الفاملة نس يان إ)إني( ولكن ط أسنا)أزوم(أور

) أنف(اف كود زب) فرح (دڤ#دا .واس ياضنين .الباب ن البيت نس أور ديس والو ولكن تحال

د ) مون(الصباح .يادير أگك نس الصا) لگأ(. أمان س سين) مگأ (گاتمانس لطيفة س ترأ

عجباسنتلكن إو) عبر(ت رتيرباتين ن تمازييان إميل إ الفاملة ) أرو(يا أرن وسين واي. دڤ#دا

. لطيفة) أول( أسن) إني( مريكا ن گنس



Questions:

1- mantur idda David s adwwar? 1- اار؟ دڤ#دا مانتور إدس أدو

2- mayd iskr David g s $-s$baH? 2- ؟اح الصبگ دڤ# دامايد إسكر

3- mism utmas n David? 3- ؟ دڤ# دانس تماميسم أ

4- mayd iskr David sin ayurn aya? 4- أيا؟ سين أيورندڤ#دامايد إسكر


Fad $ma tiwl sin isggasn aya. aslid nttat tnkr zik tiwi aāyul s igran mn bعd tmun d tarbatns s asif adssirdnt iHruyn. mn bعd uglntn g iskla taman wasif. qbl adعaydnt s taddart, ulint s jjbl ad awin ikššud$n. mn bعd usint l-Hwayj, ugmnt aman, عaydnt s taddart uHlnt bazzaf, āas iwdnt fad$ma tiwi aāyul ad iswunfu g l-kuri tama n l-bhaym yad$nin ašku awd ntta ixdm bzzaf.

أسليد نتات تنكر .اسن أياگسفضمة تيول سين إمن بعد تمون د .انرگتيوي أغيول س إ .زيكمن بعد .س أسيف أد سيردنت إحروين تنستربا

عايدنت س قبل أد .تما ن أسيف إسكال گ لنتنگأمن ن، الجبل أد أوينت إكشوضتدارت أولينت س

عايدنت س ، منت أمانگأو، بعد أوسينت الحوايجغاس إوضنت فضمة .أوحلنت بزاف. تدارت

الكوري تمان البهايم گتيوي أغيول أد إسوونفو .أشكو أود نتا إخدم بزاف ياضنين

Questions:

1- mayd tmun fad$ma s asif? 1( يد تمون فضمة س أسيف؟ما

2- max alli tdda Fad$ma d tarbat ns s asif?

تدا فضمة د ترباتنس س أسيف؟گليماخ أ) 2

3- mani g tugl Fad $ma iHruyn? 3 ( ل فضمة إحروينس؟گ توگماني

4- mayd yusi uāyul aflla n tadawtns? 4 (مايد يوسي وغيول أفال ن تداوتنس؟

Exercise 8: put the verbs in parentheses in the correct form.

1) ayur izrin yat trbat (rar) g l-kar. 1 ( أيور إزرين يات تربات)الكارگ) رار .

2) khadija ur (adj) l-ktab g l-mdarsa. 2 ( خديجة أور)المدرسة گالكتاب ) أدج .


85 � Tamazight

3) nitni (asi) s$-s$ak nsn ār l-maHt$t$a. 3 ( نتني)اكال) أسيلمحطة نسن غر اص.

4) is (rwl) David sg l–ot$il ar t-tiran? 4 ( إس)؟لتيران لوطيل أر اگس دڤ#دا) رول

Exercise 9: conjugate the verbs between parentheses in the past tense.

1. yan was (ddu) s s-suq d (sā) yan uznnar. (ls) aznnar d (sksu) lmri. (t$s) xf ixfinu ašku ur (isin) ad-t-lsā.

يان) سغ(س السوق د ) دو(يان واس ) 1

خف ) سط( .أزنار د سكسو لمري) لس( . أزنار.أد تلسغ) إسين( أشكو أورنويإخف

2. yan wayyur aya (af) Younes yan ikzin tama n taddartns. ukan (asi) t, (k) as ad itš. iwllf bzzaf. yan was (adj) t i wadjarnns. idā iعayd ur t (af), (zl). (qqim) l-Hal g Younes bzzaf.

يونس يان إكزين تما ن ) أف(يان وايور أيا ) 2 .يتش أس أد) ك(، ت) أسي(أوكان ، تدارت نس .ت إ ودجارنس) أدج(يان واس . إولف بزاف

گالحال ) قيم(، )زل(، )أف(ت عايد أرإدغ إ.بزافس يون

Exercise 10: fill in the blanks with the correct participle forms of the following

verbs: “sā”, “safr”, “عum”, “lعb”.

1.nttat ayd ________s mirikan. 1 . س مريكان________ نتات أيد.

2.nitni ayd ________ takurt. 2 .؟تكورت ________ نيتني أيد

3.knni ayd ________ g wasif. 3 .واسيفگ _______ كني أيد.

4.knnimti ayd ______l-xd $rt. 4 .الخضرت _________ كنيمتي أيد.



Exercise 11: write a paragraph about these pictures.


87 � Tamazight


yan was g s$-s $if yan ušn ināat laz bzzaf ifkkr g mani tlla kan l-makla iHlan? mn bعd idda yufa yan igr digs ad$il. inna ušn g ixfns: ad $ila yat$fut riā attšā. iHawl ušn ad yawd ad$il walynni ur iāi. mn bعd inna ušn uhu ur riā ad$ila ašku ismmum riā ka nna iHllawn.

شن إنغات الز أو الصيف يان گن واس ياماني تال كان المكلة إحالن؟ من گ إفكر ، بزاف

گشن وإنا أ . أضيلس#) درگ يان إابعد إدا يوفإحاول .ريغ أتتشغ .أضيال ياطفوت :إخف نس

من بعد .ووشن أد ياوض أضيل وليني أور إغي ريغ، أوريغ أضيال أشكو إسموم، أوهو :شنوإنا أ.نا إحالون كا

Questions:

1. is iga l-Hal tagrst? رست ؟ گت الحا ل گاإس إ 1- 2. mayd yaān wušn? 2-يد ياغن وشن؟ ما

3. mayd ifkkr ad iskr? 3- يسكر؟ مايد إفكر أد

4. mayd inna idā ur yiwid$ ad $il? 4- أضيل؟ضإدغ أور ييويمايد إنا



BARGAINING Objective: by the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

• Bargain for basic items, such as clothing.

• Ddescribe the colors of items.

• Describe differences between objects.

BARGAINING.

General bargaining information.

In Morocco, bargaining is a part of life. It can sometimes be tiring for

people not used to it, but with some cultural and language skills, it can become

much easier. Some informations about bargaining can also make the process

simpler.

First of all, you need to know what items should be bargained for, and

what items normally have fixed prices, even for Moroccans. This is not always

easy to determine, since the place where you buy some things may determine

whether the price is fixed or not. For example, some items that are sold at

fixed prices in a taнanut (e.g. laundry soap, vegetables, eggs) may be bargained

for in the souq or from a street vendor. Ask your host family or watch other

Moroccans in order to find out. Here are some general guidelines for whether

prices are fixed or not:

Usually Bargained For Seldom Bargained For

� Any article of clothing

� Any household or kitchen

utensil, appliance,

or furniture

� Rent for a house or apartment

� Taxi fares on unscheduled runs

� Anything bought in a souk (e.g.

grains in bulk, animals, rugs,

etc.)

� Anything bought from a street

vendor who

has no regular shop

� Petit taxi fares if the meter

does not work

� Anything used or second-hand

� Things which are literally bought

every day: mint, parsley, bread,

coriander

� Refill on a butagas

� Cigarettes and alcohol

� Meals or beverages in restaurants

� Bus fares between scheduled stops

� Taxi fares on regular runs

Price controlled staple foods:

sugar, oil, tea, flour, milk, butter,

etc.

� Anything bought in a pharmacy

Meat and vegetables, if the price

per kilo is posted

• School supplies


89 � Tamazight

Domestic help and services

(maid, plumber, electrician, etc.

Determine the price before

the work is done.)

It is also good to be aware of some of the standard tactics that are used

between the buyer and the seller in Morocco. If you watch Moroccans, you will

see many of these.

The Buyer’s Tactics The Seller’s Tactics

� Not showing too much enthusiasm

for buying

� Not showing too

much enthusiasm for selling

� Walking away when the seller has

named the “lowest” price

� Turning away

when the buyer has named the

“highest” price

� Pointing out defects in the

merchandise

� Noting the

superior quality in the merchandise

� Quoting a lower price for an

identical item in another shop

� Insisting that

goods in other shops are not of the

same quality

� Claiming not to have enough money

to meet the seller's “lowest” price

� Claiming that in

selling at the buyer’s “highest” price

he would be taking a loss

� Complimenting or flattering the

seller (on his shop, merchandise,

children, friendliness)

� Complimenting or

flattering the buyer (on his or her

language ability, friendliness,

expertise in bargaining)

The Buyer’s Tactics The Seller’s Tactics

� Acting insulted by the seller’s price * Acting insulted by the buyer’s

offer

� Arguing that the difference

between the seller’s price and the

price offered is insignificant; i.e.

the seller should come down to the

offered price

* Arguing that the difference

between the buyer’s price and his

price is insignificant and the buyer

should come up

� Pulling out one's money as if the

offered price has been agreed upon

*Wrapping up the purchase as if the

asking price has been agreed upon



When you are looking to buy an item that you know you will have to bargain

for, there are a few things that you should probably try to avoid. These include:

• Showing too much interest in, or too great a need for, a particular item

• Carrying large sums of money, carrying expensive, previously-bought

items, looking like a tourist

• Having no idea what an item is really worth, or what is a fair price for that

type of item

• Being in a hurry

• Buying with a guide (he gets a percentage of what you pay).

Always be prepared to pay a price you have named. Do not get too far into

bargaining for something if you do not intend to buy it. If you are not clear on

the currency in which you are bargaining (i.e. ryals), proceed slowly. In the end,

don’t let a bargaining scenario ruin your day. Most of us go unbothered by the

sometimes huge markups on big-ticket items in America, yet we can be easily

frustrated by a Moroccan merchant who makes an extra dollar or two off of us.

Remember that one’s peace of mind is worth something, too.

Bargaining Expressions and Vocabulary:

It’s too expensive. iāla/tāla bzzaf. ҟ ҟ 59اف/ إ= <�.

Lower the price. naqs t-taman. ( ` ا₢+� "�#.

Give a good price. kan t-tam ihyyan. ه��ن ) إ ��.آ�ن

I won’t add even a ryal. ur nniā ad ak zaydā awd

aryal.

أور #�1 أداك زا��غ أود .أر��ل

I’ll add nothing. ur nniā ad ak zaydā awdHaH. ح�Zغ أود�.أور#1� أداك زا�

It’s too much for me. bzzaf āifi * .59اف =;

A good price. kan t-taman ihyyan. ه��ن ) إ .آ�ن ا₢+�

A reasonable price. kan t-taman n l-mعqul. ل$U��₢ن ا ( .آ�ن ا₢+�

What’s the last price? mayd igan t-taman

amggaru?.

)گا�� إ ؟ارو() أن ا₢+�

How much will I get it

for?

mštas nna a t tawiā. و��؟N��1+�س #� أت

There’s what I have

(money).

aydā ayd āuri. ري$= � أ��غ أ�


91 � Tamazight

ClothingClothingClothingClothing

Clothes iHruyn/iعban إعبان/ إحروين

1. sifit$ma ��W�;�% 11. fista E+ẇ�3 2. jean Qد( � 12. jakit$a EWآ��Q

3. srwal لا%�و 13. pijama E��F�9 4. qamija ns $ kmm Κآ ` # EF��" 14. kbbut$ آ�$ط 5. qamija EF��" 15. smt$a EW�%

6. grafat$a EW316 ڭ�ا. t-shirt رت$[ * �

7. jili * Ǒ�Q 17. šort$ رط$[

8. kustim $آΚ�+% 18. šal ل�[

9. triko $۷�� 19. slip p �Ǒ%

10. triko col v * آ$ل ڤ $۷�� 20. s $aya E��



1. kswa ة$ẇآ 11. sbrdila EǑد��%

2. zif / fular X D$3ر/ ز� 12. butyu $��$9 3. jllaba E9ҟ Q 13. sbbat$ ��ط%

4. gnd $ura ندورةگ 14. s $nd $ala E₢��

5. liba ��₢ 15. mššaya ��N�E

6. sutyanat ت�#��$% 16. xatm Κ��G

7. ligat تليگا 17. Halaqat ت�UǑZ

8. kaskit$a �W�۷%آ� 18. aqqayn ( أ"��9. t$agiya يةگطا 19. s-snslt �Ǒẇ�ẇ₢ا

10. tqašr �[�U� 20. md$l \ V�

Clothing Expressions:

Is there anything else? is tlla kan l-Hajt yd $nin? آ�ن ا₢ �إس ҟ �)؟ ��_ �� Q

Give me size .... please. ki n-nmra ... عafak. ة��ا₢� * .�;�ك........آ

Try this one on. arm/jrrb wa/ta. ب وا / أرم�Q/��.

Do you want another color?

is trit kan l-lun yad $nin? ؟( ��_ إس �� آ�ن ا₢Ǒ$ن ��

I prefer this color. da yi tiعjib l-luntx. J+#$Ǒ₢ا p �F�� * .دا�

It goes well with you. yusa yakd/tusa yakd. yusa yam-d/tusa yamd.

��$%� ��آ�/ �$%� ��آ. �� %$� /�� %$�

Is there anything else? is tlla kan l-Hajt yd $nin? � ₢آ�ن ا ҟ �)؟إس ��_ �� Q


93 � Tamazight

COLORS

Adjectives Masculine singular Feminine singular

White amllal لҟ tamllalt �₢ҟ أ� ��

Blue azrqi * �5ر"�� tazriqit ازر"

Black ungal لگانأ tungalt لتگانت

Red azggaā غگاأز tazggaāt 5�=�گا

Yellow awraā أوراغ tawraāt �=را$� Green azgzaw زاوگأز tazgzawt ز��زاوتگ

Brown aqhwi ي$T"أ taqhwit �� $TU� Orange alimuni * ��Ǒ�talimunit ��#$ أ₢��$# Pink awrdi أوردي tawrdit رد��$�

Purple amdadi ادي��اد�� tamdadit أ�� Grey armadi أر��دي tarmadit د��

Adjectives Singular plural Feminine plural

White imllaln ( ₢ҟ ) timllalin إ� �₢ҟ ��

Blue izrqiyn ( ) tizrqiyin إزر"� ��5ر"��

Black ungaln نگاأ( ₢ tungalin $�)نگا �₢

Yellow iwraān رإو( ا= tiwraāin ( �$را=�

Green izgzawn إزڭ5اون tizgzawin 5�)گ زاو�

Brown iqhwiyn ( ��$T"إ tiqhwiyin ( ��$TU� Orange ilimuniyn ( ) tilimuniyin إ₢��$#� �#$��Ǒ� Pink iwrďiyn ( ) tiwrďiyin إورد� �$رد�

Purple imdadiyn ( ) timdadiyin إ��اد� �اد�� Grey irmadiyn ( ) tirmadiyin إر��د� ��د�

Red izggaān گاإز( = tizggaāin 5�)گا �=

Dialogue:

Chris: s-salamu عalaykum الم عليكمالس. :كريس

l-Haj: waعalaykum s-salam. الحاج .وعليكم السالم:

Chris: is āurk kan tjllabit n tad $ut? إس غورك كان تجالبيت ن تاضوت؟

:كريس



l-Haj: tlla. تال. :الحاج

Chris: ki ad sksuā. كي أد سكسوغ. :كريس

l-Haj: matta l-lun ay trit? الحاج تريت؟متا اللون أي:

Chris: riā tungalt. لتنگاريغ تو. :كريس

l-Haj: waxxa, haā ak jrrb ta. هغاك جرب تا،وخا . :الحاج

Chris: waxxa; tgzzul bzzaf, is tlla kan yat yad $nin igzzifn imiH xf ta?

إس تال كان ،زول بزافتگ ،وخا .يات يضنين إغزيفن إمح خف تا

:كريس

l-Haj: ur tsul āas ta s wungal is trit tazrqit?

ل إس نگاس و اأور تسول غاس ت تريت تزرقيت؟

:الحاج

Chris: waxxa, ihnna l-Hal لوخا إهنا الحا. :كريس

l-Haj: haā ak jrrb diā ta. تاهغاك جرب ديغ . :الحاج

Chris: nttat aynnaā. s $aHHa. ا.نتات أيناغصح . :كريس

l-Haj: tusa yakd. bs$HHa u r-raHa. احة سوتياكد بصحة و الر. :الحاج

Chris: lla yعt$ik s$-s$HHa. mšta? ةكريس مشتا؟.اهللا يعطيك الصح:

l-Haj: 4000 ryal. 4000ريال . :الحاج

Chris: bzzaf tāla; naqs $ imiH. ad ak kā āas 3000 ryal.

كغ اك أد،ناقص إميح،بزاف تغال. ريال3000غاس

:كريس

l-Haj: waxxa; awid l-flus. وخا أويد الفلوس. :الحاج

Chris: haā ak, lla yعawn. عاونيهغاك اهللا. :كريس

l-Haj: lla yعawn. عاونياهللا. :الحاج


95 � Tamazight

GRAMMATICAL POINTS

REGULAR ADJECTIVES.

Regular adjectives are placed after the noun they modify and must agree with it

in number and gender.

Examples:

Lame man argaz aHizun 5ونگاأر�Zز أ

Lame woman tamt$t$ut taHizunt 5ون� ��W$ت

English Masculine Feminine

Fat azurar أزورار tazurart ازورارتت

Old people awssar ارأوس tawssart اتتاوس

Skinny usdid أسديد tusdit سديتت

Small/Short agzzal الگأز tagzzalt التگتز

Crazy amعd $ur ورضأمع tamعd $urt ورتضتمع

Long / tall aāzzaf افأغز taāzzaft افتتغز Big axatar أخاتار taxatart تارتتخا

Young/Little /Small

amzzan انأمز tamzzant انتتمز

New ujdid أجديد tujdit تجديت Lazy amعgaz زمعگاأ tamعgazt زتتمعگا

Old(thing) aqdim أقديم taqdimt تقديمت

English Plural Masculine Plural feminine

Fat izurarn إزورارن tizurarin ( ��5ورار�

Old people iwssarn ارنإوس tiwssarin ( ��$%�ر�

Skinny usdidn أسديدن tusdidin ( ��%$�



Small/Short igzzaln زالنگإ tigzzalin تيگ( زا₢�

Crazy imعd $ar إمعضار timعd $ar ر�V ��

Long / Tall iāzzafn افنإغز tiāzzafin ( ��>5ا�3

Big ixatarn إخاتارن tixatarin ( ��ر��

Young/Little /Small

imzzan انإمز timzzanin ( ��5ا#�

New ujdidn أجديدن tujdidin �Q$�( ��

Lazy imعgazn نزمعگاإ timعgazin زينامعگتي

Old(thing) iqdim إقديمن tiqdimin ( ��U��

ADJECTIVES AS VERBS.

Kathy is happy Katy tfrH ح�;� * �آ� Mark is happy Mark ifrH رك إ�3ح��

Adjectives conjugated in the 3rd person singular.

It is full iعmmr رإعم it is rough iHrš إحرش It is empty ixwa إخوا it is

smooth išlulf إشلولف

It is fat izur إزور it is hot iHma إحما It is thin isdid إسديد it is cold iqrf إقرف It is dead immut وتإم it is warm irāa إرغا It is alive iddr رإد it is

straight inm إنم

It is sharp išwa إشوا it is winding

ifrā إفرغ

It is blunt iHfa إحفا it is far iعrq إعرق It is good ihyya اإهي it is near inmala إنمال It is good iHla إحال it is heavy izzay ايإز It is bad ixxa إخا it is light ifssus وسإفس It is sweet iHllaw وإحال it is narrow iqmr إقمر


97 � Tamazight

It is hot (spicey)

iHrra اإحر it is wide iwsإوسع ع

It is cooked

inwa إنوا it is long iāzzif يفإغز

It is wet immā غإم it is short igzzul ولگإز

It is dry izwa إزوا it is hard iqqur إقور It is open yunf يونف it is soft ilggaā غلگاإ

It is closed iqqn إقن it is difficult

išqqa إشقا

It is easy iwhn إوهن



Exceptions:

Normally Tamazight adjectives can be conjugated in a way that the verb “to be”

is implied. (I.e. Mark ifrH, Mark is happy.) Adjectives borrowed from Arabic,

on the other hand, must have the “to be” verb ‘g’ specifically added.

It is important. iga muhim. مهمگاإ

It is obligatory. iga d $aruri. ضروريگاإ

It is dangerous. iga xat $ar. خطرگاإ

He is optimistic. iga mutafa’il. ئل متفاگاإ

He is pessimistic. iga mutaša’im. ئم متشاگاإ

Note the verb “to be”, ‘g’ must agree with the subject.

ADJECTIVES AS PARTICIPLES.

To make a participle, take an adjective in it’s “he” (3rd person singular) form and

add the suffix ‘n’.

Example:

“irāa” becomes “irāan”.

I want warmed water. riā aman irāan ريغ أمان إرغان

Indefinite adjectives:

The adjective “yaďnin” meaning “another” is constant (i.e. it doesn’t agree with a

noun) and it always occurs after the noun.

Examples:

Another house taddart yad$nin ارت ياضنينتد Another man argaz yad$nin ز ياضنينگاأر

Some other house tiddrwin yad$nin تدروين ياضنين Some other men irgzn yad$nin زن ياضنينگإر

She wants another book. tra l-ktab yad $nin ترا الكتاب ياضنين

Another way to say “another” in Tamazight is by using the words “wayd$”, “tayd $”,

or “tiyd$” depending on the number and gender of the subject.


99 � Tamazight

English Masculine Feminine

Another (singular) wayd$ { } $wiyd وا� و�

Others (plural) tayd $ { �� tiyd $ { ��

Examples:

I have two sisters, one studies at the university, the other works at the post office.

āuri snat taytmatin, yat da tqra g l-jamiعa tayd $ da txddm g l-bost$a.

غوري سنات تايتماتين يات الجامعة تايض گ د تقرا . البوسطةگدتخدم

Some men are near the mosque, others went to the fields

idsn irgazn llan tama n l-jamع, wiyd$ ddan s igran

زن الن تمان الجامعگإدسن إر

.رانگويض دان س إ

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES.

Comparative Adjectives:

We use comparative adjectives when we are comparing two objects/persons

based on some quality or characteristic. For example, in English we can say: “I

am taller than John.” Taller than John” is the comparative form of the

adjective tall. In Tamazight to compare two objects we add the proposition “xf”

to the adjective.

Examples:

Said is younger than Hassan

saعid immziy xf Hassan ي خف حسنسعيد إمز.

Hassan is older than Said

Hassan ixatr xf saعid حسن إخاتر خف سعيد.

The public phone is closer than the post office.

t-tilibutik tnmala xf l-bost$a.

.التيليبوتيك تنمال خف البوسطة

Other ways of comparing.

Tamazight uses a number of words when making comparisons. The most common

of these are "yuf" and "yugr."



Examples:

Honey is better than butter. tuf tamimt udi. ديوتوف تميمت أ. I prefer milk to tea. yuf āuri l-Hlib atay. يوف غوري الحليب أتاي.

He is older than Bob. yugr Bob g l-عmr. العمرگر بوب گيو .

He is taller than I am. yugri g taāzi. تغزيگري گيو .

Which is better, the outside or the inside?

mayd yufn, brra nād agnsu?

نسو؟ گبرا نغد أ، مايد يوفن

Comparing like objects

When comparing similar things/people we use the word "am", ”like" or "kif kif",

an Arabic expression meaning "the same".

Examples:

The outside is like the inside.

am brra, am agnsu. ا أم أنسوگأم بر.

He is older, as I am. ixatr am nk. إخاتر أم نك.

They are the same. nitni kif kif فيف كينتني ك.

Superlative adjectives

The superlative adjective in Tamazight can be formed by adding the word “ayd”

before the adjective in its participle form.

Examples:

Jeff is tall Jeff iāzzif يفدجيف إغز Jeff is the tallest among them

Jeff ayd iāzzifn digsn نگسجيف أيد إغزفن دد

She is the smartest nttat ayd išwan نتات أيد إشوان


101 � Tamazight

PRACTICE

Exercice 1: read the text than answer the questions.

Fad $ma tra a tssird bzzaf n iHruyn assa: s-srwal armadi d tajllabit tamllalt n urgazns. l-qamija tazrqit d j-jakit$a taqhwit n urbans, l-kswa tazggaāt d s $-s$aya tawraāt n tarbatns. l-pijama tazgzawt d z-zif amllal win Fad $ma. walaynni, tinmi t-tqašr tungalin?

: فضمة ترا أتسيرد بزاف ن إحروين أسا. نسزگاالسروال أرمادي د تجالبيت تماللت ن أر

. يطة تقهويت ن أربانسالقميجة تزرقيت د الجاكغت د الصاية توراغت ن تربات گاالكسوة تز

زاوت د الزيف أمالل وين گ تزnǑE��Qا. نس لين؟نگاوليني، تين مي التقاشر تو. ةفضم

Questions:

1. winmi s-srwal armadi? وين مي السروال أرمادي؟ 2. tin mi j-jakit$a taqhwit? يت؟طة تقهويكاتين مي الج

3. id s$-s$aya tawraāt tin Fad $ma? إد الصاية توراغت تين فاضمة؟ 4. id l-pijama n Fad $ma tga tazrqit? تزرقيت؟تگا ن فضمة 607 25. اإد

5. mayd igan l-lun n t-tqašr? ن ن التقاشر؟گامايد إن اللو

Exercise 2: work with your host family to find the adjectives for each picture.



Exercise 3: fill in the blanks with the appropriate adjectives.

1. iširran ____ da qran mzyan g l-mdrassa.

. المدرسةگد قران مزيان ______ إشران) 1

2. riā ad bbiā aksum s l-mus walaynni __________ tkay-i Rqiyya yan __________.

_____ وليني كسوم س الموسأريغ أد بيغ ) 2. ________تكايي رقية يان

3. t$-t$ajin nna ntša g l-qhwa __________ walaynni ______ imiH.

وليني _______ القهوة گالطجين نا نتشا )3.حيإم______

4. ssirdn iHruyn asnat $ d ______ dāi. 4( يردن إدغي ______ حروين أسناط دس.

5. l-mdrassa ___________ walaynni l-bost$a __________ sg da.

.داگ س وليني البوسطة _____المدرسة ) 5

6. ussan imzwura ufiā tamaziāt __________ walaynni dāi __________.

وليني______ إمزورا أفيغ تمازيغت أسان) 6.________ ي دغ

7. nttat __________ walaynni imas __________.

_______وليني إماس ______ نتات) 7

8. nra a nعum g wasif walaynni 8( أسيف ولينيگنرا أنعوم _________

Exercise 4: answer the following questions based upon the drawing.


103 � Tamazight

Questions :

1. mayd iālan ad $il nād/mid l-banan?

ن؟مد البنا/ غالن أضيل نغد إمايد ) 1

2. mayd irxs$n ad $il nād/mid d-dllaH?

مد الدالح؟/ مايد إرخصن أضيل نغد ) 2

3. mayd yufn d-dllaH nād/mid l-banan?

مد البنان؟/ مايد يوفن الدالح نغد ) 3

4. id ad$il ayd iālan? 4 (أيد إغالن؟إد أضيل

5. mayd irxs$n ? 5(مايد إرخصن ؟

Exercise 5: compare each pair using comparative adjectives.



SHOPPING FOR FOOD Objective: by the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

• Shop for produce, meats and spices.

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

At the greengrocer āur uxd d ar ارغور أخض

1. xizzu G5و� 11. ibawn إ�9ون 2. š-šiflur ₢را$Ǒ;N 12. l-fjl \ F;₢ا 3. l-quq ق$U₢13 ا. taāsayt ��Y<�

4. bat$at $a �f�W9 14. t-tuma ₢اE�$+

5. tiflfilt �Ǒ;Ǒ;� 15. azalim Κ�₢أز 6. ddnjal ل�F#16 د. l-barba �9ا₢��ر 7. l-xyar را�� 17. tallfin ( �;Ǒ� 8. mat$iša EN�W� 18. l-mkwwr ۷$ر�ا₢ 9. jlbana E#��ǑQ 19. llubya ₢��9$

10. l-krafs ا��3₢۷ا 20. lkurjit$ } �Q۷$ر₢


105 � Tamazight

Quince s-sfrjl سفرجلال Parsley l-mعdnus لمعدنوسا Gourd s-slawi سالويال Mint n-nعnaعالنعنا ع

Okra l-mluxiya لملوخيةا Absinth š-šiba الشيبة Coriander l-qs $bur لقصبورا Verbena l-lwiza الويزة

1. ad $il 9 أضيل. buعwid/tifiras تفراس/ بوعويد

2. l-limun 10 الليمون. t-tut التوت 3. t-tfaH حالتفا 11. lavoka لڤوكا 4. l-friz لفريزا 12. lananas لناناس 5. l-brquq لبرقوقا 13. d-dllaH الدالح 6. l-banan نالبنا 14. Hblmluk حب الملوك

7. l-xux 15 الخوخ. š-šhdiya الشهدية 8. l-Hamd$ الحامض



Pomegranate r-rmman انالرم Japanese plums

l-mzaH لمزاحا

Apricots l-mšmaš شالمشما Kiwi l-kiwi الكيوي

UNITS OF MEASUREMENT.

Scale l-mizan الميزان

Gram gram رامڭ

¼ kilogram kilu كيلو

¼kilogram rbعkilu ربع كيلو

½ kilogram ns $ kilu نص كيلو

¾ kilogram kilu lla rub كيلو ال ربع

2 kilograms juj kilu جوج كيلو

Expressions:

Give me a kilo of... ki yan kilu n ... كي يان كيلو ن....

Weigh (for) me... عbri... عبري......

Give me some... ki kan ... كي كان....

More ... please zaydi ... s$aHHa ا.......زايديصح.

How much is a kilo of ... šHal t-taman i kilu n ....? ؟.....كيلو ن من إت اللشحا

What do you need? m ak-ixs$s $an? ان؟ماك إخص What else? dmi yad$nin? ضنين؟دمي يا

I need... ixs $s$ayi.... اييإخص.....

No that’s enough. Only 1 kilo that’s all!

uhu, baraka. āas yan kilu s $aHHa!

.أهو بركا غاس يان كيلو صحا


107 � Tamazight

Dialogue:

Susan: s $baH l-xir. ح الخيرصبا :وزانس

axd $d $ar: s $baH l-xir ma km ixs$s $an a lalla?

ح الخير ماكم إخصان ألال؟صبا :أخضار

Susan: riā juj kilu n xizzu, d kilu n mat$iša d ns$ kilu n l-barba, xtari ka yHlan عfak. zaydi yan kilu u rbع n uzalim.

د كيلو ن , زويريغ جوج كيلو ن خ ا،رباطيشة د نص كيلو ن البم

زايدي يان .عفاك إحالناختاري ك.زليمأربع ن و أكيلو

:سوزان

axd $d $ar: safi a lalla? ار صافي الال؟أخض:

Susan: mšta i t-tffaH? ح؟مشتا إ التفا :سوزان

axd $d $ar: miyatayn u عšrin ryal. عشرين ريالومياتاين :أخضار

Susan: waxxa, عbri kilo lla rub. ah! ttuā. ki imiH n l-qs$bur d l-mعdnus.

توغ ،أه .بووخا عبري كيلو ال ر كي إميح ن القصبور د المعدنوس

:سوزان

axd $d $ar: waxxa a lalla. ار وخا الالأخض:

Susan: mšta kulši? سوزان مشتا كلشي؟:

axd $d $ar: āurm a lalla tsعmiya u sttin ryal.

ستين ريالوغورم ألال تسع مية :أخضار

Susan: šHal s d-drahm عfak. سوزان شحال س الدرهم عفاك:

axd $d $ar: tmnya u rbعin drhm. ربعين درهموتمانية :أخضار

Susan: haā-ak a sidi, ak iعawn rbbi. ييهغاك أسيدي أكعاون رب :سوزان

axd $d $ar: ad ixlf rbbi. يار أد إخلف ربأخض:



SPICES AND MEAT

Spices

Spices l-عt $riya العطرية Saffron z-zعfran الزعفران Salt tisnt تيسنت Turmeric l-xrqum الخرقوم Black pepper

l-bzar البزار Hot pepper tiflflt iHrran

تيفلفلت إحران

Ginger skinjbir سكينجبير Cloves l-qrnfl القرنفل Cinnamon l-qrfa القرفة Basil l-Hbq الحبق Oregano azuknni أزوكني Paprika t-tHmira التحميرة Nutmeg l-guza وزةگلا

At the butcher’s

Butcher agzzar ارگأز

Meat aksum/tifiyi تفيي/ اكسوم

Lamb lānmi الغنمي Beef aعjli أعجلي Goat meat l-عnzi العنزي Liver tasa تسا Ground meat

l-kfta الكفتة

Meat w/o bones

l-hbra الهبرة

Chicken afullus أفلوس


109 � Tamazight

PRACTICE

Exercise: you have guests for dinner and you want to serve them with cakes and

then a tajine. List the items you need for preparing teo, cakes and a tajine and

write your shopping list. Then, write a shopping list for an American dish.



FOOD AND DRINK


• Use the correct words and expressions concerning food and drink.

• Express likes and dislikes using “عjb/iعzza” (to please).

• Express necessity or obligation with “xs s a“ (to need/ to have to).

FOOD AND DRINK

Food l-makla كلةاالم Fish islman إسلمان Breakfast l-fd $ur لفضور ا Beans llubya اللوبية Lunch imkli إمكلي Lentils l-عds لعدس ا

Dinner imnsi إمنسي Chick peas l-Himz لحيمز Tajine t$-t$ajin الطاجين Steamed

pasta with cinnamon and sugar

s-sffa السفة

Salad š-šlada الشالضة Vermicelli š-šعriya الشعرية French fries

l-frit/ bat$at$a iqlan

بطاطا /لفريت إقالن

Moroccan soup

taHrirt تحريرت

Olives z-zitun يتونالز Vegetable soup

s $-s $ubba ةوبالص

Bastilla l-bst$ila لبسطيلة ا

Rice r-ruz وزالر

Meat aksum أكسوم Couscous sksu سكسو

Chicken afullus أفولوس Pizza l-pitza لnيتزا

AT THE CAFE

The waiter l-garsun رسونگلا Black coffee l-qhwa tungalt لت نگا القهوة تو

Coffee with milk l-qhawa s l-Hlib القهوة س الحليب


111 � Tamazight

Half milk half coffee qhwa ns$ ns قهوة نص نص $Hot milk l-Hlib inwan لحليب إنوانا Weak coffee l-qhwa ifssusn وسنالقهوة إفس Strong coffee l-qhwa iqsHn القهوة إقسحن Coffee with a little milk l-qhwa s imiH n l-Hlib القهوة س إميح ن الحليب Orange juice l-عasir n l-limun العصير ن الليمون Apple and milk shake l-عasir n t-tffaH العصير ن التفاح Banana and milk shake l-عasir n l-banan نالعصير ن البنا

Almond and milk shake l-عasir n l-luz العصير ن اللوز Pot of tea abrrad n watay اد ن وتايأبر Glass of tea l-kas n watay لكاس ن وتايا …with mint s n-nعnaعس النعنا ع

Not very sweet adur iHllaw bzzaf أدور إحالو Some sugar please kan s-skkar عfak كان السكر عفاك A glass of cold water yan l-kas n waman ikrmn يان الكاس ن ومان إكرمن

AT THE RESTAURANT

The menu l-menu لمنوا Please bring me… awyid عafak... أوييد عفاك....

Do you have… is āurun… ونإس غر.....

What do you have? mayd āurun? ون؟مايد غر Is there any food without meat?

is tlla kan l-makla bla aksum?

إس تال كان المكلة بال أكسوم؟

I want a tajine without meat.

riā yan t$-t$ajin bla aksum.

.ريغ يان الطجين بال أكسوم

What do you have for dessert?

mayd āurun g d-disir? ونسير؟گمايد غرالد

We want a table for (four people).

nra yat t$-t$abla n (rbعa n mddn).

)ربعة ن مدن(نرا يات الطبلة ن

Outside brra ابر



Inside agnsu نسوگأ

The bill, please. l-Hsab عafak. الحساب عفاك.

To your health. bs $HHa. الصحةب.

To your health. llay عt$ik s$-s$HHa. اهللا يعطيك الصحة.

How do you like the food?

is ak- tعjb l-makla? إس أك تعجب المكلة؟

No complaints. ur āuri mayd tiniā. تنيغ يدأورغوري ما.

The food is delicious. l-makla tat$fut. المكلة تطفوت.

Dialogue:

Judy d Paul g r-rist ora. الريسطورةگول پدجودي د . l-gars$un : mrHba issun. ونمرحباإس. :رصونلگا

Paul : s $aHHa, is tlla kan t$-t$abla n sin mddn?

صحا إس تال كان الطبلة ن سين مدن؟

:ولپ

l-gars$un : ay tlla, mag tram a tqqimm?

ترام أتقيمم؟گ أي تال ما :رصونلگا

Paul : nra yat t$-t$abla taman n s-srjm.

.نرا يات الطبلة تمان السرجم :ولپ

l-gars$un : may tram a ttšm? رصونلگا ماي ترام أتتشم؟:

Judy : mayd illan? دجودي مايد إالن؟:

l-gars$un : han l-menu. لمنواهان. :رصونلگا

Judy : nkkin, riā š-šlad$a d sksu s l-ānmi.

د سكسو س ، نكين ريغ الشالضة.الغنمي

:دجودي

Paul : nkkin da ttšaā āas l-xd $rt. is tlla kan l-makla bla aksum?

نكين د تتشاغ غاس الخضرت إس تال كان المكلة بال أكسوم؟

:ولپ

l-gars$un : ay, tlla l-lubya أي تال اللوبية. :رصونلگا

Paul : waxxa, awyid š-šlad$a d t$-t$bsil n llubya.

وخا أوييد شالضة د طبسيل ن .اللوبية

:لوپ

l-gars$un : is tram a tsum ka? رصونلگا إس ترام أتسوم كا؟:

Judy: nkkin riā yat koka ikrmn. نكين ريغ يات كوكا إكرمن. :دجودي

Paul: nkkin riā āas aman s$afi. نكين ريغ غاس أمان صافي. :ولپ


113 � Tamazight

******************************

Paul : l-Hsab عafak. الحساب عفاك. :ولپ

l-gars$un : 60 drhm. 60درهم . :رصونلگا

Paul : haā ak. هغاك. :ولپ

l-gars$un : ad ixlf rbbi, is awn tعjb l-makla?

إس أون تعجب .أد إخلف ربيكلة؟االم

:رصونلگا

Judy d : paul

tat$fut, tعjb aā bzzaf. اف، تاطفوتتعجباغ بز. :دجودي د ولپ

l-gars$un : bs $HHa u r-raHa. احةبالصحة و الر. :رصونلگا

Judy d : paul

lla yعt$ik s$-s$HHa. اهللا يعطيك الصحة. :دجودي د ولپ



GRAMMATICAL POINTS

THE REFLEXIVE VERB “TO PLEASE/TO LIKE”.

Usually it is uncommon to say, literally "I like something" rather we use the

construction "Something pleases me." In reality this phrase would translate into

the English "I like something" but what is important is that you understand that

the "person who likes" is actually the object of the sentence and the thing liked

is the subject. As a result of this, the verb must always agree in gender

andnumber with the subject, that is, the thing "liked"

How to conjugate the verb "عjb" in the past tense

Subject Verb Object

Pronouns

i إ

ak أك

am أم

as أس

as أس

aā أغ

awn أون

awnt أونت

asn أسن

iعjb (m, s) tعjb (f, s) jbn (m, p)ع jbnt (f, p)ع

asnt أسنت

إعجب تعجب عجبن عجبنت

Note: We use the past tense of the verb "عjb" to mean either a past or a

present action. The context shows when the action takes place.

Examples :

Masculine singular.

I like Morocco. iعjbi l-mārib. إعجبي المغرب.

She like her duwar. Iعjb as uddwarns. ارنسإعجباس أدو.

We like Couscous. iعjb aā sksu. إعجباغ سكسو.


115 � Tamazight

Feminine singular.

They like her djellaba. tعjb asn tajllabitns. تعجبا سن تجالبيتنس.

Masculine plural.

Did you like Moroccans? is ak عjbn imaārabin بينغرإ س أك عجبن إم.

Feminine plural.

I like the women of the association because they worked hard.

jbnti tiwtmin nعl-jamعiya ašku xdmnt bzzaf.

عجبنتي تيوتمين ن الجمعية .أشكو خدمنت بزاف

Interrogation (Questions:) with عjb

In a question (when using the “is” auxiliary) we put the object pronouns (I, ak,

am, as, aā, akn, aknt, asn, asnt) between the question word "is" and the verb.

Examples :

Did you (m, p) like the falls at Ouzoud

is awn عjbn š-šllalat g Ouzoud?

گ إس أون عجبن الشالآلت ؟دأوزو

Did he like Fez? is as iعjb Fes? س؟إس أس إعجب فا

Negation

In a negation we put the object pronounces between the negative indicator "ur"

and the verb. We then add 'i' before the last letter of the stem (i.e. before

the 'b' in عjb) as seen in the past tense.

Examples:

You didn't like the falls at Ouzoud.

ur awn عjibn švšllalat g Ouzoud.

گأور أون عجيبن الشالالت .دأوزو

He didn't like Fez. ur as iعjib Fes. س إعجيب فا أسأور.

jb in the present tenseع

We use the present tense of the verb "عjb" in order to express a habitual

action.



The imperative continuous of the verb "عjb" is "tiعjib" We conjugate the verb

.jb" in the present tense as followsع"

Present

tense

indicator

Direct

object

pronouns

Subject (the thing liked) & the verb “tعjab“

i إ

ak أك

am أم

as أس

as أس

aā أغ

awn أون

awnt أونت

asn أسن

da

asnt

itiعjib (m, s) ttiعijb (f, s) tiعjibn (m, p) tiعjibnt (f, p)

بيتعجإ بيعجت

بنيتعج بنتيتعج

أسنت

دا

Examples:

:jb with masculine singular subjectع

I like couscous. da yi tiعjib sksu. دايتعجيب سكسو.

We like Morocco. da aā itiعjib l-mārib. داغ إتعجيب المغرب.

:jb with feminine singular subjectع

You (m, p) don't like beer.

ur da awn ttiعjib l-birra. اأور دياون تعجيب البير.

Do you like coffee. is da ak ttiعjib l-qhwa. إس دياك تعجيب القهوة؟

:jb with masculine plural subjectع

I like associations da yi tiعjibnt l-jmعiyyat. اتدايتعجيبنت الجمعي.

Do you (f, p) like hot cities?

is da awn tiعjibnt timizar iHman.

إس داون تعجيبنت تمزار .إحمان


117 � Tamazight

Note: We apply the same rule of a verb following another when عjb is follows by

a second verb. (We always use ‘عjb’ with masc. sing. Subject)

Examples :

I like to go to bed early. da yi tiعjib ad gnā zik. نغ زيكگدايتعجيب أد.

Do you like to play soccer?

is da ak itiعjib ad tlعbt takurt?

إس دياك إتعجيب أتلعبت تكورت؟

She doesn't like to go to the cafe.

ur da as itiعjib ad tddu s l-qhwa.

س اس إتعجيب أتدوور دأ .القهوة

THE VERB “TO NEED, TO HAVE TO, MUST, SHOULD”

The verb “xs s a” (*) translates into all of the follwing in English “to need”, “to

have to”, “must”, and “should”. It is conjugated like the verb “عjb”.

The verb “xss a” is conjugated in the past tense but has a present tense meaning.

Subject verb Object pronoun

i إ ak أك am أم as أس

as أس aā أغ awn أون awnt أونت

asn أسن

ixs $s$a (m, s) txs $s $a (f, s) xs $s$an (m, p) xs $s$ant (f, p)

asnt أسنت

إخصا تخصا خصان خصانت

For the masculine singular (ixss a) and the feminine singular (txs s a) forms of the

verb, the letter 'y' (*) is added between the object pronoun and the verb. This

makes it easier to pronounce the final 'a' of the verb with the initial vowel ('i'

or 'a') of the object pronoun.



Examples:

I need a Tamazight book.

ixs $s$ayi yan l-ktab n tmaziāt.

لكتاب ن تمزيغتاإخصايي كان

She needs a refrigerator.

txs $s $a t t-tllaja. جةتخصات التال.

For the masculine plural (xss an) and the feminine plural (xssant) forms, this 'y'

is not necessary since these forms end in consonant sounds.

Examples:

You (m, p) need books. xs $s$an kn l-ktub. انكنلكتوباخص.

They (f) need sofas. xs $s$ant tnt l-punjat. انتنتلبونجاتاخص.

Like other verbs however, “xss a” may be followed by a second verb which is

conjugated in the future tense.

Examples:

I have to learn Tamazight.

ixs $s$ayi ad عllmā tamaziāt.

.إخصايي أدعلمغ تمازيغت

You (mas pl) should be on time.

ixs $s$a kn at ilim g l-uqt. اكن أتليملوقتا گ إخص.

You (fem) shouldn't stay up late.

ur km ixs$s $a a tshrt. ا أتسهرتأور كم إخص.

Note that when we use a verb after “xss a” we always use "ixs s a" the masculine

singular form. As you can see in the last example, the negation is similar to the

verb "عjb".

The past tense of xs sa

The past tense of “xs s a” is formed by adding the verb "kk" (used to be) before

it. If “xs s a” is followed by another verb, you conjugate “kk” in the past tense

"he" form (ikka)(*) then conjugate “xs sa” on the masculine singular. If “xs s a” is

followed by a noun, however, "kk" and “xs s a” must agree in number and gender.

Examples:

I had to study yesderday.

ikka ixs$s $ayi ad ārā asnat غرغ إكا إخصايي أد .$ .أسناط

I needed a book. ikka ixs$s $ay i yan l-ktab. ايي يانلكتاباإكا إخص.

I needed some books. kkan xs$s $an i idsn l-ktub. اني إدسنلكتوباكان خص.


119 � Tamazight

THE VERB “TO WANT, TO LIKE”.

The verb “iri” translates into the English "to want" or "to like." "iri" is a special

verb in that when conjugated in the past it can have a past or present tense

meaning, depending on the context.

Example:

I like mint tea. da tiriā atay s nnعnaداتريغ أتاي س النعناع .ع.

Note: The present tense of iri should not be used with people unless you intend

a romantic meaning.

Examples:

I love you/I like you da k tiriā. داك تريغ.

I love Mohamed/I like Mohamed.

da tiriā Mohamed. داتريغ محمد.

The past tense of “iri” can expresses a present tense meaning of "to want." To

express a past tense meaning of "to want", you must first use a past tense

conjugated form of the verb "kk" followed by the past tense form of “iri”.

Examples:

I had wanted to leave early.

kkiā riā ad ffā zik كيغ ريغ أد فغ زيك.

She had wanted to tell him something.

tkka tra ad as tini ka تكا ترا أد أس تني كا.



PRACTICE

Exercise 1: make correct sentences using “عjb” and the nouns provided.

i إ ak أك am أم as

أسaā t$-t$umubilat تҟ �9$�W₢أغ ا

awn l-ot$il تҟ �f$ أون ₢awnt tamaziāt �<ز�� أونت asn iskla ҟ أسن إ۷%

is

asnt

iعjb tعjb jbnع jbntع

؟ ?

إعجب تعجب عجبن عجبنت

أسنت

إس

i إ ak أك am

أمas tamaziāt أس تمازيغت aā aāyultx أغيول

تخ أغ

awn islman أون إسلمان awnt أونت asn أسن

ur da

asnt

itiعjib ttiعjib tiعjibn tiعjibnt

بيإتيعج

بيتيعج

بنيتيعج

بنتيتيعج

أسنت

أور دا


121 � Tamazight

Exercise 2: make as many sentences (affirmative and negative) as you can with

.jb” using these picturesع“

Exercise 3: write the expressions that go along with these signs using the verb

“xs s a”.

Exercise 4: answer the question.

ma k ixs$s $an a tgt afad a tgt yan l-mutat$awi ع injHn?

يان المتطوع تتگت أفاد أتگ ماك إخصان أ إنجحن؟



MEDICAL AND BODY Objective: by the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

• Describe in Tamazight body parts and common illnesses.

BODY PARTS.

1. aqmu/ udm

/أ"�$ اودم

16. a d $ ar ر�_ أ

2. imi * �#� tifdnt .17 إ�;� 3. tamart رت�� 18. azzar أزار 4. agrd$ رضگأ 19. agrni * أڭ�#5. iāir ��=20 إ. amzzuā أ�5وغ

6. admr 21 أد��. anjay ي�F#أ 7. afus 22 أ3$س. tinzar 5ار��

8. tiāmrt ت��<� 23. aln ( أ₢9. afus 24 أ3$س. timiwa ا$��

10. ad $ad _�ض $ �$=��س tuāmas .25 أ

11. iskr �۷%26 إ. ils �₢إ 12. adis 27 أد��. anšuš ش$N#أ 13. taāma ��<� 28. l-mustaš ش�W%$�₢ا 14. afud 29 أ3$د. tamart رت��


123 � Tamazight

COMMON ILLNESSSES.

What’s wrong with you? ma k yaān? غن؟ماك يا

What’s the matter? mayd ijran? مايد إجران؟

What ails you? ma k inqqan? ماك إنقان؟

What aches? ma k ināan? ماك إنغان؟

I have a fever. digi tawla. تاوالي يگد.

I have a cold. digi r-rwaH. واحيگدي الر.

I have a sore throat. taāi tbHbaHt. حتتاغي تبحبا.

I’m constipated. iqquri udis. إقوري أديس.

I’m allergic to... āuri l-Hasasiya n... ةيگدي الحساسي.

I have a headache. ināayi ixf... إنغايي إخف.

My ear aches. ināayi umzzuāinu. وغينوإنغايي أمز.

I feel dizzy. duwxā. خغدو.

I’m injured. ttujarHā. تو جرحخ.

I’m burnt. kmdā/āusā. غوسغ/كمدغ.

I have a toothache. tnāayi tuāmst. تنغايي توغمست .

My.... hurts. ināayi ... إنغايي.

I vomit/throw up. da traraā. تراراغ دا.

I need to see a doctor. ixs $s$ayi ad inniyā ad $bib. ايي أد إنييغ أضبيبإخص.



PRACTICE

Exercise 1: read the dialogue and answer the questions.

Dialogue:

Samira: ma km yaān, id labas? آ��Κ؟( إد �9Dس؟ ��= :%��ة

Rachel: ināayi udis. أد�� * .إ#>�� \ �N+ر�:

Samira: is digm azbar bzzaf? ة أز�9ر 59اف؟ميگدإس��%:

Rachel: ay, bzzaf. 59اف Oإ��. \ �N+ر�:

Samira: s $br šwi, ad am srkmā yan l-kas n azuknni hat ihla bzzaf.

]$ي أد أم %�آ�1 ��ن ا₢�۷س ن ��* زآ� ҟ 59افه� .أ Zت إ.

:%��ة

Rachel: uhu, عafam, ur ixs$s $a ad suā l-عšub.

ه$ �;�م أور إYG� أد %$غ .₢�N$باأ \ �N+ر�:

Samira: waxxa; walaynni hat ur āiyā a km inniyā g l-Halttx.

Κآ ه�ت أور=�1 أ * ��Dو �G1 إو��#.₢+�� ا₢ گ

:%��ة

Rachel: عafam sawl g n-nmratx n hay’at s-salam afad ad i ārn.

ҟم گ�;�م %�ول ẇ₢ا Eه�� ا₢��ا�J ن .أ�3د أد إ=�ن

\ �N+ر�:

Samira: waxxa mrHba. Kan l-bas ur illi.

*و��Z�� G آ�ن ا₢�� .س أور إ₢ :%��ة

Rachel: rbbi ak km injja. F#إ Κآ * أ .�ر9 \ �N+ر�:

Questions:

1. mayd yaān Rachel? 1 .ر ( =�� \ �N+؟�

2. is tka Samira kan usafar i Rachel? 2 .3�%ة آ�ن أ��۷ %�\؟�+�Nر إ ر�إس

3. max Rachel ur tri at-su l-عšub? 3 .خ ر ��\ �N+� ي��ا₢�N$ب؟ �ẇ$أ اور

4. is tdda Rachel s s-sbit$ar? max? 4 .ا ر��\إس �N+ر؟��W��ẇ₢؟��خ س ا

Exercise 2: what would you say if you were the person in the picture.


125 � Tamazight

SITE VISIT EXPRESSIONS

Here are some useful expressions you may need during your site visit.

My name is ….. I am a Peace Corps Volunteer.

isminu …. giā mutat$awiع n/g hay'at s-salam.

گ/ �+W$ع ن گيغ....إ%��$ҟم ẇ₢ا Eه��.

I will be working here for two years at …

qad xdmā da sin isggasn g ...

��1 دG إ"�د ( ... گ سنسگاا %�

I'm going to spend two days with you. (to host family)

qad qqimā āurun yumayn. ( ."�د "��1 =$رون �$��

Where is your youth center?

mani dar š-šabab? ب؟��N₢دار ا * #��

Where is the hospital/delegation?

mani s-sbit$ar/nvniyaba? ₢ا * اE9��₢؟/ �W��ẇر ��#

What is the name of the chief doctor?

mismn l-midsan šaf (ad $bib axatar)?

]�ف ) ا₢��%�ن �ẇ�� ) p ��_ أ��ر�G؟)أ

Where is the agriculture office?

mani l-mktb (l-biru) n l-filaHa?

* p ا₢��# ن ) ا₢��و(�۷+EZҟ؟ ا₢;

Where is the water and forest office?

mani l-mktb (l-biru) n l-miyyah u l-āabat?

* p ا₢��# و ا₢�� ) ا₢��و(�۷+ ا₢>��9ت؟

Where is the "handicraft center"?

mani lartizana? �* Dر 5ا#�؟��#

Where is the post office?

mani l-bost$a? ؟EW%$�₢ا * #��

Please, I want to open a post box.

riā ad skrā bwat$ post$al .afakع

ر�1 أد %�۷غ 9$ات �W%$9ل .�;�ك

What do I have to do? mayd ixs$s $an ad skrā? ��Yن أد %�۷غ؟�� Gإ

How much do I have to pay (a year?)

mšta ayd ixs$s $an ad xllsā? �1Y؟�N+� أ� ǑG ن أد�Y Gإ

Where is the bank, please?

mani l-banka عafak? ك؟�;� E۷��₢ا * #��

Where is the gendarm/police station please?

mani jadarmiya/ l-bulis s $aHHa?

Eدار��Q * ا₢�$₢�� ؟/ ��#

Can you please give me your phone number? (at the gendarm/police

ki n-nmra n t-tilifunnk ?afakع

* ' �;�ك؟₢اآ ��ا ن ا₢+�Ǒ;$ن #



station)

I want to get a “cart de sejour.”

riā ad skrā lakart$ d sijur.

آ�رط %�F$ر D ر�1 أد %�۷غ

Is there a pharmacy here?

is illa kan l-frmasyan da? آ�ن ا₢;��%��ن دا؟ Dإس إ

Is there a teleboutique here?

is tlla kan t-tilibutik da? دا؟ ' ��$��Ǒ+₢آ�ن ا ҟ � إس

Do you sell cell phone cards?

is da tzznzat lakart$ n t-tilifun?

�5#5ات D آ�رط ن إس دا ا₢+�Ǒ;$ن؟

Which service is available here: Mediatel or Maroc Telecom?

matta r-rizu illan da? meditel nād Maroc telecom?

� ��5و إDن دا؟�₢�� ا<# \ �+��وك �۷�Ǒ$م؟�ر�

Is there cell phone reception/coverage here?

is illa r-rizu da? ا₢��5و دا؟ Dإس إ

Is there CTM (the bus company)?

is illa s-satyam da? م دا؟��+ẇ₢ا Dإس إ

What day/time is transportation available?

mantur ayd da ytili l-mrkub?

* ا₢��آ$ب؟ Ǒ�+دا� � ��#+$ر أ�

Is there a cyber cafe here?

is tlla kan lanternet da? آ�ن ₢�+�� دا؟ ҟ � إس

How far is it from here? mšta as tعrq sg da? ق�� دا؟ گس�N+� أس

Which day is the souk? matta was nnag illa ssuq? �# ق؟ گ�+� واس$ẇ₢ا * Ǒ+دا�

Is there any association here?

is tlla ka n l-jmعiya da? دا؟ E��F₢آ�ن ا ҟ � إس

Note: Ask your LCF for any other words or expressions you think you may need

for your site visit.


127 � Tamazight

TRAVEL

Ojective: by the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

• Talk about future plans.

• Identify means of transportation and use appropriate expressions

for travel.

Future time expressions:

Tomorrow morning askka s$-s$baH ح��Y₢أ%�۷ ا

Tomorrow at seven askka g s-sbعa �۷%گأE��ẇ₢ا

The day after tomorrow nnif n uskka #��۷%ن أ X

One day yan was ن واس��

Next sunday l-Hdd ( nna) diddan �د��ان) #� (ا₢

Next week s-simana ( nna) diddan E#��ẇ₢ان) #�(ا�د�

Next summer s $-s$if ( nna) diddan X �Y₢ان) #�(ا�د�

Next year asggas (nna) diddan/imal ان) #�(أ%ڭ�س�إ��ل/د�



GRAMMATICAL POINTS

FORMING THE FUTURE TENSE

qad/ad/mad + imperative simple (infinitive) + past tense ending.

nkkin ______ ā _______غ نكين/نك

Kiy/km t ____ t ت______ت كم/كي

ntta i _____ إ________ نتا nttat t _____ ت_______ نتات nkni n _____ ن_______ نكني knni t _____ m م______ت كني knnimti t _____mt مت_____ت كنيمتي nitni ______ n _______ن نيتني nitnti

qad ad

mad

______ nt ______نت

قاد أد ماد

نيتنتي

Example:

To drink su سو

I will drink ad suā أد سوغ We will drink

ad nsu سون أ

You will drink

ad tsut تسوت أ You (m, p) will drink

ad tsum سومت أ

He will drink

ad isu سوي أد You (f, p) will drink

ad tsumt سومتت أ

She will drink

ad tsu سوت أ They (m) will drink

ad sun سون أد

They (f) will drink

ad sunt أد سونت

Examples:

1-MoHa will travel to Rabat tomorrow morning.

MoHa ad isafr s Rbat aska s$-s$baH.

ا أد إسافر س الرباط أسكا موح.حالصبا

2-They will cook dinner tomorrow night.

nitni ad snwin imnsi aska ggid $.

سنوين إمنسي أسكا نيتني أد


129 � Tamazight

.ضيگ

3-Fatima and Ali will get married next year.

Fatima d Ali ad awln asggas diddan.

س گاسأولن أ فا طمة د علي أد.ديدان

4-Next month I will rent a house in my village.

ayur diddan ad kruā taddart g udwwarinu.

گ تدارت ديدان أدكروغأيور.أدوارينو

FUTURE TENSE NEGATION

To form the negative of the future tense, the word “nni”, conjugated like a past

tense pattern 1 verb, is inserted between the negative indicator “ur” and the

normal future tense.

ur + nni (conjugated like a past tense pattern 1 verb) + future tense

I will not go ur nniā ad dduā وغأور نيغ أد د You will not go ur tnnit a tddut * دوتأور تنيت أت

He will not go ur inni ad iddu و أور إني أدإد

She will not go ur tnni a tddu * وأورتني أتد We will not go ur n-nni a nddu * وأور نني أند

You will not go (m,p) ur tnnim a tddum * وم أتتنيمأورد

You will not go (f, p) ur tnnimt a tddumt * ومتأور تنيمت أتد

They will not go (m) ur nnin ad ddun ونأور نين أد د They will not go (f) ur nnint ad ddunt تأور نينونت أد د

* Remember that the “t” assimilate the “d” and the “n”, and in this case, the “i”. i.e.: d+t=t; d+n=n ; d+i=y

Examples:

I will not go outside at night.

ur nniā ad ffāā s brra ggid $.

.يضگ س برا غأور نيغ أد فغ

He will not smoke in Ramaďan.

ur inni ad ikmu g Rmd$an. ن رمضاگأور إني أد إكمو.

She will not go to school tomorrow because she is sick.

ur tnni ad tddu s l-mdrasa askka ašku tmrd$.

دو س المدرسة تأأور تني .أسكا أشكو تمرض



She will not talk to her family till next week.

ur tnni ad tsawl i l-familans ar s-simana diddan.

نس تساول إ الفامال أور تني أ.أر السيمانة ديدان

In order to express “will never,” we put the word “usar” (‘never’) instead of “ur.”

usar + nni (conjugated like a past tense pattern 1 verb) + future tense

Examples:

I will never smoke. usar nniā ad kmiā. غ أد كميغر نيساأو.

She will never go to the cafe at night/

usar tnni a tddu s l-qhwa ggid $.

سار تني أتدو س القهوة وأ.يضگ

USING VERBS CONSECUTIVELY

In English we use the infinitive form of a verb after a conjugated verb (i.e. “I

want to read”). However, in Tamazight we conjugate the second verb in the

future tense.

I want to drink riā ad suā ريغ أد سوغ

you want to drink trit ad tsut سوتت تريت أ

he wants to drink ira ad isu سوإرا أد إ

she wants to drink tra ad tsu سوت ترا أ

we want to drink nra ad nsu سون نرا أ

you want to drink (m, p) tram ad tsum سومت ترام أ

you want to drink (f, p) tramt ad tsumt سومتت ت أامتر

they want to drink (m) ran ad sun ران أد سون

they want to drink (f) rant ad sunt سونتد أتران

Examples:

She wants to read the book

tra a tār l-ktab. ترا أتغر الكتاب.

I hope to go to the U.S. da tmnnaā ad dduā s mirikan.

.دا تمناغ أد دوغ س مريكان


131 � Tamazight

Exceptions:

Some verbs are followed by a second verb conjugated in the present tense (i.e.

“bdu” “to start” and “qqim” “to stay”):

I started to speak Tamazight a month ago.

bdiā da sawalā tamaziāt ayyur aya

.لغ تمزيغت أيورأيااوسبديغ د

I remained working until the afternoon

qqimiā da xddmā ar tadggat

.تگاغ دا خدمغ أر تديقيم

Using “other” expressions

This same construction is used after “other” words and expressions. The most

important of these is “afad.” This word is the equivalent of the English

expression “in order to.” Verbs following “afad” are always conjugated in the

future tense.

Examples:

Rqiyya went to the post office in order to send a letter.

Rqiyya tdda s l-bost$a afad at azn yat tbrat.

زنارقية تدا س البوسطة أفاد أت . يات تبرات

I went to Marrakech in order to see Jason

ddiā s mrrakš afad ad inniyā Jason

اكش أفاد أد إنييغ ديغ س مر.يسندجا



TRAVEL

• GENERAL TRAVEL INFORMATION.

Public transport in Morocco is both inexpensive and easy to use. Between major

cities, trains are the quickest and most comfortable means of travel, although

they can be crowded at certain times of year. Buses are the cheapest choice and

can vary in terms of speed and comfort.

• TRAVELING BETWEEN CITIES.

� CTM: this is the national bus line, very comfortable, on schedule; seats are

reserved and can be purchased in advance in most places. Unaccompanied

baggage can be sent via CTM.

� Souk Buses: in each large town there is a bus station, such as “qamra” in

Rabat. One can buy a ticket one day in advance and fares are set. Sometimes

the ticket is for a reserved seat, other times it is for whatever seat is open

when the bus goes through town. A ticket does not necessarily mean there is

a real seat either. Sometimes there are additional places set-up in the aisle.

You have to bargain for the price you pay for your luggage if this gets

stored on top of the bus. The price depends upon the size of the piece. It is

advisable to carry smaller pieces of luggage you can store in the bus itself.

Souk buses do not always leave or arrive on time. They may stop in the

middle of nowhere. They may also stop in towns along the way looking for

additional passengers.

� Train: there are two classes: first and second. The price of any train car

with air conditioning will be higher. Sometimes there are schedule changes,

but no available printed timetables. Check to be sure that the time you wish

to travel is still accurate. Train tickets can be bought in advance, and this is

the only form of local transportation on which you can buy a round trip

ticket.

� Grand Taxis: this is for travel between large towns and cities. They carry 6

passengers and since the fare is per seat, if you want you can pay for empty

seats so that the taxi leaves earlier. Ask the other passengers in the car

what the regular should be, do not ask the driver first. If you want to take

the entire taxi for yourself, ask for a taxi “korsa”. Baggage does not cost

extra in a taxi.

� Pick-up Truck (kamio): in some areas where no public transportation is

available, people use their personal trucks to carry supplies to their douars;

they also take passengers at a rate they determine themselves.


133 � Tamazight

� Airport Transportation: there are airport buses and trains which run from

Rabat Ville to the Casablanca airport. There are also airport buses which

connect the airport to Casablanca, but from Rabat/Sale airport, there are

only taxis.

• TRAVEL WITHIN CITIES.

� Petis Taxis: every city has petit taxis which can carry up to three

passengers. The fare is calculated by meter. When you get in the taxis, ask

that the meter be turned on. If there is no meter, or if it does not work, ask

the price before you begin. Since the taxi can carry 3 passengers, if you are

the only one getting in, he can pick up other passengers. If you are the

second or thirdperson entering the taxi, ask the price for your trip. At night

(usually by 8 p.m) until sunrise, the fare is 50% more than the daytime fare.

� Chariots: in very small villages, the chariots are used to get people to the

weekly souk or to towns on the main road, where larger transportation is

available for fartherdistances.



Travel expressions.

Taxi t$-t$aksi الطاكسي Where is the taxi stand? mani l-maHt$t$a n

t$-t$ksiyat? ؟تماني المحطة ن الطاكسيا

Please take me to . . . awyi s . . . s$aHHa. ا......أوييصح.

I want to go to this address.

riā ad dduā s ladrisatx. وغ س الدريساتخريغ أد د.

Please wait a minute for me.

gganni/qqli imiH s $aHHa. ا/ني گاقلي إميح صح.

How much, please? mšta, عafak? مشتا عفاك؟ Turn on the meter please.

sxdm l-kuntur s$aHHa. اسخدم الكنتور صح.

Stop here, please bdd da عafak. بد دا عفاك.

Petit taxi / small taxi t$-t$aksi tamzzant / petit t$aksi

.تي طاكسيپ/ الطاكسي تمزانت

Grand taxi / large taxi t$-t$aksi taxatart /grand t$aksi

ران گ/الطاكسي تخاتارت.طاكسي

Is there a seat to . . . ?

is tlla kan l-blas $t s . . . ? ؟......إس تال كان لبالصت س

Yes, there is. yeah, tlla. ييه تال.

How many seats are reserved so far?

šhal n l-blays$ ayd illan? لباليص أيد إالن؟اشحال ن

Four and you are the fifth.

rbعa d ki wisxmsa. ربعة د كي ويس خمسة.

I want to pay for two seats.

riā ad xlls$ā snat( n) l-blays $.

ريغ أد خلصغ سنات ن .لباليصا

Taxi driver š-šifur n t$-t$aksi الشيفور ن الطاكسي.

Baggage l-bagaj جلبگاا.

Trunk l-kufr الكوفر City bus t$-t$obis الطوبيس City depot / stop l-maHt$t$a n t$-t$obis المحطة ن الطوبيس Where does bus # . . . stop?

manig da ytbdda t$-t$ubis nmra . . .?

داي تبدا الطوبيس گماني ؟.....نمرا


135 � Tamazight

Does this bus go to . . . ?

is da ytddu t$-t$obistx s . . .?

إس داي تدو الطوبيستخ ؟....س

Which bus do I need to take if I want to go to . . . ?

mattat$t $obis ayd ixs$s$an ad amzā mk riā ad dduā s . .?

أد متا الطوبيس أيد إخصان؟... مك ريغ أد دوغ سأمزغ

Can you stop here? bd da s$aHHa? ا؟بد دا صح Last stop / teminus t-tirminus الترمينوس Ticket taker r-rusuvur وسوڤورالر Bus l-kar الكار Bus station l-maHt$t$a المحطة Which bus is going to . . ?

matta l-kar ayd itddun s . . . ?

؟..... الكار أيد إتدون سامت

When does the bus leave to . ?

mantur ayd da ytffā l-kar s . . . ?

منتور أيد داي تفغ الكار ؟ .....س

I want a ticket to . . . riā tawriqt s . . . ريغ توريقت س......

How much is the ticket to . . . ?

šHal i twriqt s . . . ? ؟......شحال إ توريقت س

I want to keep my bag with me.

riā ad adjā āuri s$-s$akinu. اكينوريغ اد أدجغ غوري الص.

Tell me when we arrive to . .

lmi adday niwdع $ s . . . اي نيوض سعلمي أد......

Driver š-šifur الشيفور.

Driver’s assistant l-grisun ونسريلگا.

How long will you stop here?

mšta n luqt ay trit at qqimt da?

مشتا ن لوقت أيد تريت أتقيمت دا؟

Is this seat empty? is txwa l-blas $tx? لبالصتخ؟اإس تخوا

Train t-tran التران.

Train station lagar n t-tran ر ن الترانگاال.



PRACTICE

Exercise 1: fill in the blanks with the appropriate verbs and conjugate them in

the future tense: “ttu, azn, isin, g, kru, s, igiy, inig, xdm, qqim”.

nkkin __________ عamayn g l-mārib. __________ ayyur āur l-familianu. __________ xf yan l-muعllim afad ad ārā tamaziāt, d __________ ad sawlā i mddn. mn bعd __________taddart, d __________ l-Hwayj nna i yxs $s$an. nšallah __________ l-mjhudinu afad ad عawnā mddn nna iعzzan āuri d __________ āif t-taqafa n l-mārib. adday عaydā s mirikan __________ tibratin i l-familanu g l-mārib. usar __________ l-familanu d udwwarinu.

_______ المغرب گامين ع______نكينان المعلم خف ي_______ أيور غور الفاملة نو

أد ساولغ إ _____أفاد أد غرغ تمازيغت، د ______ تدارت، د_______ من بعد. مدن

المجهود ______ إنشا اهللا .الحوايج نا إخصان غوري دينو أفاد أد عاونغ مدن نا إ عزان

أداي . غيف التقافة ن المغرب_______تبراتين إ الفاملة ________ عايدغ س مريكان

_______ أوسار . المغرب_______ گ نو .________ ملة نو د أدوار ينوالفا

Exercise 2: read the dialogue and write down Liz’s plan for the next week (use

words for tomes, not numbers). Then write your own schedule for the upcoming

week. What will you do each day and at what time?

Dialogue:

Mohamed: mantur a tddut s l-fišt$a? وت س الفيشطة؟ ت نتور أماد :محمد Liz: as n l-tnini g 8:30. 8:30 گلتنين اأس ن :ليز

Mohamed: matta luqt a tjmعt d l-muعllimnm?

م نم ؟ جمعت د المعلت متا لوقت أ :محمد

Liz: as n l-tlat g 2:20. 2:20گأس ن التالت :ليز Mohamed: mantur a tddut s

s-sinema? ؟اتدوت س السينيم نتور أما :محمد

Liz: l-arbعg 9:15. 9:15 گالربع :ليز Mohamed: mantur a tlعbt tinis? تلعبت التينيس؟ نتور أما :محمد

Liz: l-xmis g 3:45. ليز 3:45گالخميس: Mohamed: mantur a tinniyt ad $bib? ضبيب؟أنيت يمانتور أت :محمد


137 � Tamazight

Liz: l-jumuعa g 11:00. ليز 11:00 گالجمعة: Mohamed: mantur a tddut s s-suq? وق؟أ نتور ماوت س الستد :محمد

Liz: as n s-sbit g 5:15. 5:15 گأس ن السبيت :ليز Mohamed: matta luqt da ytffā t-tran

nnag trit atnit تريت گتفغ التران نا ي متا لوقت دا

؟نيتت أ

:محمد

Liz: l-Hdd g 9:50. 9:50 گالحد :ليز

Exercise 3: combine the following words into sentences.

1. Amina / ddu /l-bost$a / afad / sā / t-tanbr.

1 .Eو د/أ��/ EW%$�₢1 ا₢+�� /أ�3د /ا% .

2. ntta / iri / safr / fransa / afad / ār.

.=�/ أ�3د/ �ẇ#�3 /%��3/ إري /#+�. 2

3. nkni / bdu / ār / tamaziāt / ayyur / izrin.

3 .* 9�و /�۷# /�=/ ��) /ز�>� .أ�$ر إزر�

4. nttat / qqim / sawl / i / l-familanns / g t-tilifun.

ҟ#� /إ /%�ول /"Κ� / #+�ت. 4 /گ /ا₢;��.ا₢+�Ǒ;$ن

Exercise 4: read the dialogue and answer the questions.

Dialogue:

atiqa: may trit ad tgt s-simanaع(nna) diddan?

)ان(نة ماي الستگتماي تريت أ؟ديدان

:عتيقة

Kristin: qad safrā s Fes. قاد سافرغ س فاس. :كريستين تدوت؟ تريت أگ ما ?atiqa: mag trit a tddutع :عتيقة kristin: g tranzit ar Errachidia ad

nsā g lot$il s $-s$baH nšallah ad amzā l-kar s fes.

گ الراشدية أدنسغ أر ترانزيتگأد أمزغ نشاء اهللا صباح ال.لوطيل

. الكار س فاس

:كريستين

تفغت الراشدية؟ مانتور أ ?atiqa: mantur a tffāt Errachidiaع :عتيقة Kristin: illa yan l-kar g 9:00 n

s $-s$baH ad- awd$ ā Fes g 5:30 n tdggat.

ن الصباح 9:00 گإال يان الكار .تگا ن تد5:30گس أد أوضغ فا

:ريستينك



:عتيقة ديناغ؟گتت ماي تريت أ ?atiqa: may trit a tgt dinnaāع Kristin: riā āas ad Huwsā hilli. كريستين .لييريغ غاس أد حوسغ ه: .وي ربي السالمتاي إوا أد atiqa: iwa ad yawi rbbi s-slamtع :عتيقة

Kristin: amin. مينأ. :كريستين

Questions:

1. mayd tra kristin a tskr g s-simana (nna) diddan?

) ان(نة ا السيمگتسكر ترا كريستن أديما. 1 ديدان؟

2. is tra a tddu s r-rbat إس ترا أ تدو س الرباط؟. 2 ?$

3. id Kristin tra a tddu g l-mašina? 3 .و إد كرستين ترا أشينة؟ الماگتد

4. may tra a tskr g Fes? 4 .س؟ فاگتسكر ي ترا أما


139 � Tamazight

AT THE POST OFFICE


• Buy stamps and send letters and parcels.

GENERAL INFORMATIONS.

Stamps are available at tobacco stores in addition to the post office. It is best

to mail your letters at the mail slot outside the post office since pick-ups can be

infrequent at other mail boxes. When sending packages out of the country, you

are required to fill out a customs declaration form. Be sure to leave the package

open because an official is required to see the contents before it is sealed.

Post Office Vocabulary:

Post office l-bost$a البوسطة Address ladrisa لدريسة Envelope jwa جوا Post card kart$

ppost$al وسطال پكارط

Letter tabrat تبرات Money order

l-mand $a المانضة

Stamp t-tanbr التنبر Package kulya كولية Registered letter

tabrat rikomandi

تبرات ريكمندي

Normal عadi عادي

Postman l-faktur كتورالفا Express ikspres ر0;:-إڪ

Post box bwat$ ppost$al

وسطالپبواط Customs d-diwana يوانةالد

Box (for a package)

kart$ona كارطونة Tape s-skotš السكوتش

Glue ls $aq لصاق

Verbs:

To send azn أزن To close/seal

qqn قن

To paste ls $s $q قلص To receive amz أمز To fill in عmmr رعم



Expressions:

I want a stamp for the US/Morocco please.

riā yan t-tanbr n mirikan/l-mārib عafak.

/ ريغ يان التنبر ن مريكان .المغرب عفاك

I want to send this letter/package.

riā ad aznā tabratdx / l-kuliyadx.

/ زنغ تبرات دخ د أريغ أ.الكولية دخ

How much will I pay to send this...?

mšta ayd i ixs$s$an ad xlls $ ā afad ad aznā ....dx?

أيد إخصان أد خلصغ أفاد امشتدخ؟...زنغ أأد

How much time will it take to arrive in...?

mšta n luqt ay t ixs $s$an an tawd$ / an tgulut s ...?

مشتا ن لوقت أيت إخصان أن ؟... ستولوتگأن / تاوض

Why don’t letters arrive quickly?

max tibratin ur da tawd$nt fisaع?

تضنوردا تاوماخ تبراتين أ فساع؟

Dialogue:

g l-bost a. البوسطةگ . Judy: riā yan t-tanbr عafak. ريغ يان التنبر عفاك. :دجودي

l-muwd$d $af: mas trit a taznt tibratin?

زنت تبراتين؟ات ماس تريت أ :الموضف

Judy: riā ad aznā yat عadiya s mirikan d yat rikomandi s da g l-mārib.

ريغ أد أزنغ يات عادية س مريكان گد يات ركوموندي س دا

.المغرب

:دجودي

l-muwd$d $af: waxxa a lalla, āurm 22.50 drhm.

. درهم22,50غورم .وخا ألال :الموضف

Paul: nkkin riā ad aznā l-kuliya s mirikan.

نكين ريغ أد أزنغ الكولية س .نمريكا

:ولپ

l-muwd$d $af: awid ad sksuā may digs? ؟سيگأويد أد سكسوغ ماي د :الموضف Paul: haā ak a sidi. هغاك أسيدي. :ولپ

l-muwd$d $af: عmmr عafak tawriqtdx. عمر عفاك توريقت دخ. :الموضف l-muwd$d $af: is a t taznt عadi nād

ikspres? ؟;ر0:-إڪإس أتازنت عادي ماد :الموضف

Paul: āas عadi عafak. ولپ غاس عادي عفاك:


141 � Tamazight

l-muwd$d $af: šukran, bslama. بالسالمة، شكرا. :الموضف Paul: lla yعawn. يعاوناهللا. :ولپ



PRACTICE

Exercise 1: read the dialogue above and answer the questions.

1. mayd tskar Judy g l-bost$a? 1 . البوسطة؟گماي تسكر جودي

2. is tra a tazn tabrat ikspres? 2 .؟ر0;:- إڪإس ترا أتازن تبرات

3. mayd ira Paul ad yazn? 3 . أد يازن؟ ولپمايد إرا

4. mayd ixs$s $an Paul ad iskr? 4 . انسكر؟ إأد ولپمايد إخص

Exercise 2: make as many sentences as you can using the following words. You

may need to add some of your own words.

tdd اتد rant رانت sā سغ lmand$a المانضة ddat اتد

ran ران sksu :<%" l-kulia الكولية

ddant انتد s l-

bos $t$a ašku tra ترا srrf mirikan ريكانم

ndda اند س

البوس طة

أمز amz نرا nra أشكو

idda اإد ira اإر

bwat$ ppus $t$al

بواط پوسطا

ل

ddu ود

ran ران

tnabr تنابر


143 � Tamazight

AT THE HOTEL


• Look for and use hotal accommodation.

• Use conditional sentences to express possible and impossible

conditions.

HOTEL ACCOMODATION.

Hotels are classified into categories from 0 (non-classified) to 5-star hotels. There is a reduction of 25% on the second day for Moroccans and foreign residents in Morocco, but only in classified hotels.

Vocabulary and expressions.

The hotel lot$il لوطيل The reception desk larisipsyun ن:#.=ر"#%

Room l-bit/ š-šambr الشمبر/ البيت

Is there a cheap hotel around here?

is illa kan lot$il irxs$n da? إس إال كان لوطيل إرخصن دا؟

Where is a nice hotel? mag illa kan lot$il ihyyan da?

إال كان لوطيل إهيان دا؟گما

Pleace take me to a hotel (to taxi driver)

awyi s kan lot$il عafak. أويي س كان لوطيل عفاك.

A room for one person (a single)

l-bit n yan البيت ن يان.

A room for two people l-bit n sin mddn. نالبيت ن سين مد.

Do you have a room available?

is tlla kan l-bit ixwan? ؟إس تال كان البيت إخوان

Is there a room with a hot shower?

is tlla kan l-bit s waman irāan g d-duš?

إس تال كان البيت س ومان الدوش؟گ إرغان

Which floor? matta lit $aj? ليطاج؟تام

Is breakfast included? id l-fd$ur ittuHasab d l-bit?

إد الفضور إتوحاسب د البيت؟

I’ll stay two nights. ad qqimā sin yid$d $an. ن يضانأد قيمغ سي.

Wake me up at ... please snkr i g ... عafak عفاك .......گ سنكري .



Dialogue:

Jack d Amanda g l-otil لوطيلگ د أمندا دجاك Jack d

Amanda: s-salamu عalaykum. دجاك د السالم عليكم:

اأمند bu lot$il: wa عlaykum s-salam. المبولوطيل و عليكم الس:

Jack: is tlla kan l-bit? دجاك إس تال كان البيت ؟: bu lot$il: mujud, tlla l-bit n yan, d

tlla l-bit n sin. موجود تال البيت ن يان د تال البيت

.ن سين

:بولوطيل

Jack: nra yat l-bit n yan. نرا يات البيت ن يان. :دجاك bu lot$il: mrHba. مرحبا. :بولوطيل

Jack: mšta i ggid$? يض؟گمشتا إ :دجاك bu lot$il: 140 drHm. 140درهم . :بولوطيل

Amanda: is llan waman iHman? اأمند إس الن ومان إحمان؟: bu lot$il: ay a lalla. بولوطيل ألالاي:

Amanda: waxxa k aā yat l-bit. وخا كا غ يات البيت. :اأمند bu lot$il: عmrat tawriqtdx عafakn,

uruyat ismnun, ladrisa, d r-raqm n l-pasppor.

عمر تاوريقت دخ عفاك أرويات د الرقم ن ، دريسةال، إسمنون

.ور<-ا2-

:بولوطيل

Jack: haā ak. دجاك هغاك: bu lot$il: šukran, han tasarut n l-bit

156 g lit $aj amzwaru. 156هان تساروت ن البيت ، شكرا

. ليطاج أمزواروگ

:بولوطيل


145 � Tamazight

GRAMMATICAL POINTS

THE CONDITIONAL

In Tamazight we use two expressions to refer to the conditions.

1. “am + is” conditional form meaning “if + then” While “amr + is” implies that

the stated condition cannot or has not been met.

“amr tzzrit lmtiHan is tnjHt”.

for example, translates as “If (it was that) you had passed the exam, you would

have succeeded.”

2. “amr + is” can be used in the past or present, and can mean “if it was/were

that” or “if it is that”.

Present tense usage:

“amr” + present tense verb, “is” +future tense verb.

Example :

If you study every day, you will learn Tamazight.

amr da tqrat kuyas, is a tعllmt tamaziāt

إس ،ياس أمر دا تقرات كو.أتعلمت تمزيغت

Past tense usage:

“amr” + past tense verb, “is” + past tense verb

Examples:

If (it were that) you studied hard, you would have learned Tamazight.

amr tārit mzyan, is tعllmt tamaziāt.

إس تعلمت ، أمر تغريت مزيان تمزيغت

NEGATION.

In negating the conditional, the “is” is dropped.

Example:

If it were not that he was sleeping, he wouldn’t have had the accident. If he hadn’t been sleeping, he wouldn’t have had the accident.

amr ur igin, ur inni ad ig laksid$a.

گ أور إني أدي ،ينگأمر أور إ.الكسيضة

If it wasn’t that you had amr ur tārit, ur tnit a أور تنيت ،أمر أور تغريت



studied, you would not have succeeded If you hadn’t studied, you wouldn’t have succeeded.

tnjHt. أتنجحت.

Negative conditionals with a noun

To use a noun with a negative conditional, use the following form:

amr + urid + pronoun/noun , is

Examples:

If it were not for the doctor, the child would’ve died.

amr urid i wd$bib, is imut urba.

إس ، وضبيبأمر أوريد إ.إموت أربا

If it were not for her, they would’ve slept outside.

amr urid i ntat, is nsan brra.

إس نسان ، ريد إ نتاتوأمر أ.برا

If it were not for the neighbors, Lissa’s house would have been broken into.

amr urid i wadjarn, is ttuyakr Lissa.

إس توياكر ، مر أريد إ ودجارنأ.ليسا

“mk/mš” CONDITIONAL.

“mk” or “mš”, translated as “if”, is the conditional form in which the condition

can/may be met.

Examples:

If you build it, he will come.

mk t tbnit, ad iddu و، تبنيتمكأديد.

If you break it, you will buy it.

mk t trzit, a t tsāt أتسغت، مك ترزيت.

To negate this conditional form, simply add “ur” after the “mk/mš”

Examples:

If you don’t want it, leave it.

mk ur t trit, adj t. أدجت، مك أور تريت.


147 � Tamazight

DESCRIBING THE PEACE CORPS

MISSION Objective: by the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

• Talk about the three goals of peace corps.

• Describe your job in Morocco.

PEACE CORPS.

hay'at s-salam المهيئة الس

hay'at s-salam tga yat l-mund$d $ama tamarakanit. da ttazn l-mutat$wiعin s timzar. d l'ahdafns gan: 1. amعawan g l-majal t-tiqni. 2. imirikani ad fhmn bzzaf mddn nna āur zdān d afad ad sawln āifsn adday .aydn s mirkianع3. mddn nna āur zdān imirikanin awd nitni ad isin xf mirikan d imirikanin.

دا . كانيتي يات المنضمة تمرتگاالسالم هيئة د األهداف نس . زن المتطوعين س تميزارات

:نگا . المجال التقنيگمعاوان أ) 1زدغن إمريكانين أد فهمن بزاف مدن نا غور) 2

.ن غيفسن أداي عايدن س مريكاند أفاد أد ساوليتني أد مدن نا غور زدغن إمريكانين أود ن) 3

. نينإسين خف مريكان د إمريكا

Vocabulary:

Organization l-mund $d $ama E�V��₢ا Developing nations d-duwal nvnamiya E��₢ول ا� ا₢Goals lahdaf اف�T₢ Technical help t-taعawun ttiqni * �U+₢ا₢+��ون ا People š-šuعub ب$�N₢ا

The three goals of Peace Corps.

1. To help people of interested counties

and areas in meeting their needs for

trained men and women ;

2. To help promote a better understanding

of the American people on the part of

the peoples served;

3. To help promote a better understanding

of other peoples on the part of the

American people.



ENVIRONMENT SECTOR

isminu Judy nkkin da xddmā d brnamaj n l-bi’a d hay’at s-salam. l-xdmtinu ad sksuā mamk da tmعamaln mddn d t$-t$abiعa . da tiniā i mddn d t-turist nna itzurn l-park adur ggarn l-krfi g adāar nna ufan. d ad-Hafd $n xf l-bi'a sg t-talwwut. d adur bbin iskla. d ad Hafd $n xf l-āabt. riā ad afā kan l-Hll yad $nin afad adur sāusn bzzaf n ikšudn. nkni da ntgga bzzaf n l-mašariع d l-jmعiyat g l-majal n l-muHafad$a xf l-bi’a d t-tnmiya.

امج ن البيئة د إسمنو دجودي نكين دخدمغ د برنمك دا لخدمتنو أد سكسوغ ما .هيئة السالم

مدن د تينيغ إاد. معاملن مدن د الطبيعةتن الكرفي رگاك أدور ار2.االتوريست نا إتزورن

حافضن خف البيئة د أد .فانو أا أدغار نگد أد حافضن .أدور بين إسكالد . التلوتگس

الحل ياضنين أفاد فغ كان أريغ أد .خف الغابت ) ?,ا نكني د. أدورسغوسن بزاف ن إكشوضنالمجال ن گبزاف ن المشاريع د الجمعيات .المحافضة خف البيئة د التنمية

Vocabulary:

Environment l-bi'a ا�� Program l-brnamaj �#��₢ا�� Forest l-āabt �9�<₢ا To deal with

mعamal d د \ �� Firewood ikššud$n ( _ $Nإآ

Nature t$-t$abiعa E��W₢ا Domain l-majal ل�F�₢ا Trash z-zbl/l-krfi \ / ا95₢

* ا3�۷₢in general xf

lعumum XG ا₢��$م

To protect Hafd $ xf �ZXG { 3 To cut bbi * 9 Pollution t-talwwut ₢تا$Ǒ+ To consume sthlk ' ǑT+% Trees iskla ҟ إ۷%


149 � Tamazight

HEALTH SECTOR

Dialogue:

Sumiya: s-salamu عalaykum. الم عليكمسمية الس: Christin: waعalaykum s-salam. المكريستين و عليكم الس: Sumiya: anayā km g s-sbitar, is tgit

tafrmlit? ت# ,) السبيطار إسگأنايغ كم

تفرمليت؟ :سمية

Christin: uhu, ur giā tafrmlit wala tad $bibt.

. تفرمليت وال تضبيبتگيغ روأهو أ :كريستين

Sumiya: mayd igan lxdmtnm? ن لخدمت نم؟گامايد إ :سمية Christin: da sawalā i mddn xf

s $-s$aHtnsn d s $-s$aHt n tarwansn.

حت نسن د ا سوالغ إمدن خف الصاد.نسنحت ن تروااالص

:كريستين

Sumiya: is da asn tikkit d-dwa? سمية الدوا؟يتتك سنا إس د: Christin: ur da asn ikkiā d-dwa, d ur

da tggaā tismi. da asn tiniā may tn ixs $s $an ad skrn afad adur mrd$n la nitni wala tarwansn. d da asn sawalā xf d-dwa n wanu, bit l-ma d tarda n ifasn, d d-dwa n udis.

غ تگا اد رد أو، الدوايغك إسن أورداتينيغ مايتن إخصان دا سن .تسمي

فاد أدور مرضن ال نتني أد سكرن أ ساوالغ خف سن د دا .نسن وال تروا

د تردا ن ، بيت الما د الدوا ن وانو .يسد د الدوا ن أ،إفاسن

:كريستين

Sumiya: mzyan. aya iga muhim. i tasmuntnm may tskar?

إ تسمونت نم . مهم گان أيا إمزيا ماي تسكار؟

:سمية

Christin: da asn tini ad jlbn i iširransn afad adur mrd$n. d da asn tsfham mayd tggan afad adur arun bzzaf. d da tns $aH tiwtmin ittarwn ad ddunt s s-sbit$ar.

د أفانسن ي أد جلبن إ إشرانيت سن داسن تسفهام مايد دا د .أدور مرضن

د دا .ن أفاد أدور أرون بزافتگا ت تنصاح توتمين إتارون أد دون

.رس السبيطا

:كريستين

Sumiya: aya iga muhim. tbarklla āifknt.

.غيفكنت مهم تبارك اهللا گاأيا إ :سمية

Christin: llah ybark fik بارك فيكياهللا. :كريستين



Vocabulary:

health s -saHt احتالص Health clinic

s-sbit$ar سبيطارال The importance

la'hmiya الألهمية

Nurse afrmli أفرملي Well anu أنو Doctor (masc.)

ad $bib أضبيب Diarrhea adis أديس

Doctor (fem.)

tad $bibt تضبيبت To imunize jlb/šrd$ شرض/جلب

To be sick mrd$ مرض To give birth

aru أرو

Medicines d-dwa / idiwan

إديوان/ دوا To be pregnant

aru أرو

Injection tismi تسمي


151 � Tamazight

SMALL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT

Dialogue:

Chris: s-salamu عalaykum. الم عليكمكريس الس: l-mعllm: waعalaykum s-salam. المو عليكم الس :المعلم

Chris: isminu Chris. nkkin mutat$wiع d/g hay'at s-salam d ddiād afad ad عawnā l-muqawalat timzzanin.

گ/نكين متطوع د .إسمينو كريس أفاد أد عاونغ غدهيئة السالم د دي

.المقاوالت تيمزانين

:كريس

l-mعllm: manimk tggat ad as tعawnt? ت أد أسن تعاونت؟تگاماني مك :المعلم Chris: g bzzaf n l-Hwayj am g

l-Hisabat, l'išhar d t-tswiq. matalan, da nskar lakart$ vizit i l-muqawala d da as nikki yan ism. d da ntšhar l-mntujns g linternet.

گ بزاف ن الحوايج أمگمتال .الحسابات ليشهار د التسويق

نسكار الكارت ڤيزيت إ المقاولة داد دان تشهار .د داس نكي يان إسم

. النترنتگنسن المنتوج

:كريس

l-mعllm: tbarkllah, walayni mas tra a tstafd l-muqawalatx?

ستافد ت تبارك اهللا واليني ماس ترا أ المقاوالتخ؟

:المعلم

Chris: a tstafd ašku a tznz s-slعtns g l-mārib d awd g l-xarij.

السلعت نسن تزنز تستافد أشكو أ أ.رج الخاگ المغرب د أودگ

:كريس

l-mعllm: mzyan. lla yعawn. ونمزيان اهللا يعا. :المعلم Chris: llay عawn. šukran a sidi. شكرا أ سيدي .اهللا يعاون. :كريس

Vocabulary:

Small Business

Development

Tanmiya n lmuqawalat

timzzanin تنمية ن المقاوالت تيمزانين

Enterprise/firm l-muqawala تDو�U�₢ا Products l-mntuj +$ج��ا₢ Accountancy l-Hisabat �ẇ ₢�9تا Merchandise s-slعt ��Ǒẇ₢ا Advertisement lišhar ر�TN�₢ Business

card lakart$ vizit

Dآ�رت ڤ��5

Marketing t-tswiq ^ �$ To advertise ا₢+the product

šhr s l-mntuj

�T[ س ا₢��+$ج



RENTING A HOUSE


• Speak about renting aand fournishing houses.

FINDING A HOUSE

House taddart ارت��

Stairs d-druj روج� ا₢

Bathroom bit l-ma ��₢��9 ا

Neighbor adjar ر�Qأد

Kitchen l-kuzina Eا₢۷$ز��

Rooms l-byut تا$��₢

Door tiflut/l-bab ت$Ǒ;��ا₢��ب/

Neighbors adjarn رن�Qأد

Expressions:

I’m looking for a house to rent.

da tinigā xf yat taddart n l-kri.

خف يات تدارت ن ,#?+@دا .الكري

Show it to me please. snعt-i-t عafak/ s$aHHa. ا/ سنعتيت عفاكصح.

Where is it located? mag tlla? matta wdāar g tlla?

ماگ تال ؟متا ودغار گ تال؟

Can I see it? id waxxa ad t sksuā? سكسوغ؟إد وخا أ ت

How many rooms does it have?

mšta n l-byut ayd digs? س؟يگمشتا ن البيوت ايد د

Is there a bathroom in it?

is digs bit l-ma? بيت الما؟سيگدإس

Dialogue:

Mark: s-salamu عalaykum. Κ۷�Ǒ� مҟ ẇ₢ا. :��رك

l-Haj: wa عalaykum s-salam. مҟ ẇ₢ا Κ۷�Ǒ� و. :ا₢ �ج

Mark: is tlla kan taddart i l-kri? ارت إ��ҟ آ�ن �₢�۷ي؟اإس :��رك


153 � Tamazight

l-Haj: is trit kan taddart ixatrn mid imzziyn?

��ن ��د �Gارت إ��إس �� آ�ن )؟ � إ�5

:ا₢ �ج

Mark: riā taddart tanamast. ad digs tilli yat l-bit iHlan, l-kuzina d bit l-ma.

�%��ارت �* ��ت س#) دأ .ر�1 Ǒ��ҟن Z، ا₢�� إ��د ��9 ا₢ Eا₢۷$ز��.

:��رك

l-Haj: waxxa! �Gو. :ا₢ �ج

Later mn bعd

Mark: s-salamu عalaykum. Κ۷�Ǒ� مҟ ẇ₢ا. :��رك

butaddart: wa عalaykum s-salam. مҟ ẇ₢ا Κ۷�Ǒ� و. �ارت �$9:

Mark: riā ad inniyā taddartnk .afakع

' �;�ك��1� � ر�1 أد �ارت #. :��رك

butaddart: mrHba. ��Z��. �ارت �$9:

Mark: s $aHHa. šHal t-taman. � �. ( .] �ل ا₢+� :��رك

butaddart: 750 drHm. 750Κه . در �ارت �$9:

Mark: naqs $ šwiy. ad ak xlls $ā āas 500 drHm.

�#��$[ ` 1Y =�ساأد ." ǑG ك 500Κه . در

:��رك

butaddart: mrHba. Kan l-bas ur illi. ��Z��. * .آ�ن ا₢��س أور إ₢ �ارت �$9:

Mark: llah yrHm l-waldin. ( ��.ا� ��ΚZ ا₢$ا₢ :��رك

HOUSE FURNITURE.

Table t$-t$abla 7ABC2ا Radio/tape recorder

l-musjjala 7A6:)2ا

Chair l-kursi D%E<2ا Television t-tlfaza 1FA,2ةا

Bed n-namusiya 7#%"5 G2ا Electric outlet

l-priz ا.A10ر

Pillow lusada/ tattayt

HI0, / دا 2"% Light bulb l-bola ="B2

Floor mat taHs $irt تE#>JH Electric cord

l-xit$ n usid ن K#L2ا أو%#*

Rug tazrbit I#M1رH Candle/s tašmat/š-šmع IN)OH /P)O2ا

Blanket l-kašša <2ا Q Broom tašt$abt COHIM

Curtain l-xamiya L25#7ا Squeegee tajffaft F6HIR



Sheet lizar 2#1ار Water heater

š-šufu "R"O2ا

Moroccan sofa

l-ponj -2S?و Heater š-šofaj R"O2جا

KITCHENWARE

Refrigerator t-tllaja 7TU,2ا Spoon taānjawt VH6 وتG

Oven afrran انERأ Knife l-mus ا2("س

Blender t$-t$HHana 7? JC2ا Fork l-fršit$a 7C#QEF2ا

Saucepan l-gamila ا (A 7A#5 Glass l-kas <2سا

Cooking pot t$-t$awa وا C2ا Teapot abrrad ادEMأ

Plate t$-t$bsil W#:BC2ا Coffee pot l-briq اX0EB2

Brazier l-mjmr E)6)2ا Tray s $-s$init I#G>2ا

Grill š-šuwaya 70ا"O2ا Bowl tazlaft/

taHwart

IR=1H/ارت"JH

Strainer s $ffaya F>270ا Kettle lāllay يUV2ا

Pressure cooker

l-kokot$ ا2>"آ"ط Pitcher aārraf افE[أ

Sifter bus $iyyar ر #\"M Couscouse pot

l-brma 5EB2ا

Frying pan l-mqla 7A])2ا Ladle aānja 6G[أ

Faucet r-robini DG#MوE2ا


155 � Tamazight

PRACTICE

Exercise 1: puut the household items in the correct “room”.

but$agaz/ l-but $a

البوطة/زگاابوط

l-kursi الكرسي n-namusiya ةالنموسي

t$-t$abla الطبلة s $-s$abun ابونالص taānjawt تغنجاوت

l-kuzina

الكوزينة

الطاوة

t$-t$awa

t$-t$awa الطاوة l-ktab الكتاب aman أمان asid أسيد t$-t$bsil الطبسيل

l-bit

البيت

lusada/attag گاتا/لوسدة

tasfayt فايتست

r-robini وبينير

bit l-ma

بيت الما

Exercise 2: describe how you want to set up your house during your stay in

Morocco, and then list the items you will need in your house.



SAFETY AND SECURITY Objective: by the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

• List some safety and security problems you might encounter in your

service.

• Describe some strategies for dealing with these issues.

• Use Tamazight to implement these strategies.

HARASSMENT

Vocabulary:

Gazelle* tamlalt/ l-āzala

�₢ҟ ��/E₢5ا= To follow someone

t$fur ر$;f

The beautiful*

tiHli * Ǒ � To get in someone's way

��ض $rrdع

The beauty*

z-zin ( � ا5₢

*These words are often used by men to harass women.

Sexual harrassment t-taHruš l-jinsi ش الجنسيالتحر He followed me. it$far i. إطفاري What do you want? may trit? اي تريت؟م

Go away. ddu ibrdannk. و إبردانكد

Get away (far) from me. bعd i/ عrq i. عرقي/ بعدي

Let go of me. rzm i. رزمي

Don't touch me. adur i tHadat. أدور إتحادات Don't follow me again. ad usar tعawat ad i

tt$furt .ت أد إتفورتواأد أوسارتعا

Give me some space. Ki s t tisaكي س التيساع .ع.

Go or you will regret it. ddu nād at-ndmt. و نغد أتندمتد.

I will tell the police. ad عlmā l-bulis. أد علمغ إ البوليس.

I will call the gendarms. ad ārā i jadarmiya. ةأد غرغ إ جدرمي.


157 � Tamazight

Respect yourself. Htarm ixfnk. م إخفنكحتار.

He doesn't want to get (far) away from me.

ur iri ad i bعd. أور إري أد إبعد.

I told you, get (far) away from me.

niā ak عrqi. نيغاك عرقي.

I told you: go away. niā ak ddu ibrdannk. و إبردانكنيغاك د.

Text:

idā Cathy tffā sg dar chabab

illa yan bu t $-t$omobil ibdda taman ubrid. idā tgulan Cathy tama ns innay as "ali azzin a km nsguliā" Cathy tnnay as" ddu ibrdannk, is trit kan yan ad it$fur utmak?" tqqim Cathy tt$far abridns. d iqqima bu t $-t$omobil it$far t. tbbi abrid s aziy yad $nin. d tkna ixfns d tmun d ubridns. diā g as wissin ijra mayd ijran g as amzwaru. walayni g was wiskrad$ tna Cathy i bu t$-t$omobil: "mk tعawt ad i tt$furt hat ad عlmā i l-bulis. walayni iعawd it$far t. ukan tdda s l-bulis d tعlm asn. d tka asn n-nimiru n t$-t$omobil. l-bulis umzn bu t $omobil d āran i Cathy. bu t$-t$omobil ittr l-musamaHa sg Cathy. d iggulla afad usar inni a t it$fur tiklt yad $nin.

.بدار الشباگ س تي تفغ كاگلي

".و2#@?:)ألي أزين أكم " :اسي تمانس إنا تي كاو=نتگإدغ . دإال يان بو الطوموبيل إبدا تمان أبريد إقيم بو .ي تتفارأبريد نستتقيم كا إس تريت كان يان أد يتفور أتماك؟، دو إبردانك" :ي تناياس تكا

س أ گديغ .د تحنا إخفنس د تمون د أبريد نس .تبي أبريدس أزي ياضنين. الطموبيل إتفارتمك " :ي إ بوطموبيلتكراض تنا كا واس ويسگوليني . أس أمزواروگيد إجران ويسين إجرى ما

ن تدا س البوليس د كاوأ .وليني إعاود إتفارت ."تعاوت أدي تفورت هات أد علمغ إ البوليسبو الطموبيل .يتيس أمزن بو الطموبيل د غران إ كاالبول .د تكاسن النيميرو ن الطموبيل .تعلماسن

.فورتيكلت ياضنينسار إني أتتو أفاد أ=و)إ د .يت كاگسإتر المسامحة

Questions:

1. mani Cathy/mag tlla Cathy? 1 .ي؟ت تال كاگما/ ي تماني كا

2. mag illa bu t $-t$omobil? 2 .إال بوالطموبيل؟گما

3. mayd ina bu t$-t$omobil i Cathy? 3 .ي؟تمايد إنا بوالطموبيل إ كا

4. is tmman Cathy d bu t$-t$omobil? is tni Cathy t $-t$omobil?

ي تمبيل؟ إس تني كاوي د بو الطتإس تمان كا. 4 الطموبيل؟



5. may tskr Cathy idā t-it$far bu t$-t$omobil?

ي إدغ تتفور بو الطموبيل؟تمايد تسكر كا. 5

6. mayd iskr bu t$-t$omobil idā t umzn l-bulis?

ن البوليس؟مايد إسكر بوالطموبيل إدغ تومز. 6

English translation:

Cathy coming out of the youth center

When Cathy was coming out of the youth center, there was a man in his car by the side of the road. As she passed by him, he told her: “Get in gazelle, I will take you home.” Cathy said: “Go away. Is it okay with you if someone harasses your sister?” Cathy kept walking and the man was following her with his car. She crossed the road, ignoring him, and continued on her way. The next day, the same thing happened with that man. The following day Cathy told the man: “If you follow me again I will tell the police.” In fact, he did follow her again and so she went to the police station. She told them what happened and gave them the license plate number. The police arrested the man and called Cathy. The man apologized to Cathy and promised not to get in her way again.

AT THE TAXI STAND

Vocabulary:

Seat l-blas $t البالصت Windsheild tajjajt اجتتج Tire r-rwida الرويدة Cracked trza ترزا Smooth ttumHa تومحا To be

afraid ggd دگ

To happen jru روج

Expressions:

Drive slowly please Hri stawil عafak. حري ستاويل عفاك. Better safe than sorry llahmma slama wala

ndama. .اللهم السالمة وال الندامة


159 � Tamazight

Dialogue:

g l-maHtta n taksiyat. المحطة ن الطاكسياتگ l-kurti: yat l-blast s Aqqa. الكورتي .يات البالصت س أقا:

Max: nkkin riā ad dduā s Aqqa. دوغ س أقا نكين ريغ أد. :ماكس

l-kurti: ali. ألي. :الكورتي Max: stawil, adji ad sksuā t$-t$aksi

bعda. ur riā ad dduā g t$-t$aksitx.

سكسوغ الطاكسي ستاويل أدجي أد گاور ريغ أد دوغ .بعدا.تخكسيالطا

:ماكس

l-kurti: max? خ؟ما :الكورتي Max: r-rwad$ ttumsaHnt d tajjajt

n dat trza. ت ن دات جنت د تجاتومساحد الرواي.ترزا

:ماكس

l-kurti: āas zayd. adur tggt. ur inni ad ijru awdHaH.

د أور إني أ تگتدور أ .غاس زايد.حأودحا جروإ

:الكورتي

Max: sksu i yat t$-t$axi yad $nin ihyyan عafak.

سكسوي يات الطاكسي ياضنين .إهيان عفاك

:ماكس

l-kurti: ixs $s$a k a tqqlt imiH. إخصاك أتقلت إميح. :الكورتي Max: thnna luqt. llahmma slama

wala ndama. .أللهم السالمة وال الندامة تهنا لوقت؟ :ماكس

Questions:

1. mag illa Max? 1 .إال ماكس؟گما

2. mas ira ad iddu Max? 2 .و ماكس؟ ماس إرا أديد

3. max allig ur iddi g t$-t$aksi nna yannay zwar?

ي يناا نكسي الطاگ أور إدي گليخ أما. 3 زوار؟

4. mayd ina i l-kurti g tiyra? 4 .تيرا؟گ إ الكورتي ايد إنما


At the taxi stand.

l-kurti: A seat to Aqqa, a seat to Aqqa.

Max: I am going to Aqqa.



l-kurti: Get in.

Max: Wait. Let me see the taxi first. . . . I don’t want to go in this taxi.

l-kurti: Why?

Max: The tires are smooth and the windshield is cracked.

l-kurti: Come on, don’t worry. Nothing is going to happen.

Max: Find me a good taxi.

l-kurti: You have to wait a little bit.

Max: Time is not a problem. Better safe than sorry.

AT WORK

Vocabulary:

To bring skjm ΚF۷% To lock (to something)

qqn d ( د "

To take out

sufā 13$% A lock l-qfl \ ;U₢ا

To steal akr أآ� To be stolen

ttuyakr ��$�آ�

Dialoge:

g l-xdmt. الخدمتگ. lomolog: s-salamu عalaykum, tddid zik

assa. الم عليكم تداالسيد زيك أس. :لومولوگ

Patrick: waعalaykum s-salam. iwa šwiy.

.إوا شوية، عليكم السالمو :باتريك

lomolog: matta wya? max allig tskjmt l-bišklitnk s l-biru.

تسكجمت گليخ أما متا ويا؟كليت س البيرو؟شالبي

:لومولوگ

Patrick: ah, adi ttuyakr mk t udjiā brra.

.جيخ براد أك تياكر مأدي تو، أه :باتريك

lomolog: walayni adāartx urid win l-bišklit.

ريد وين ووليني أدغار تخ أ.كليتشالبي

:لومولوگ

Patrick: ay, walayni ur ssinā mayd skarā?

رغ؟ارسينغ مايد سكووليني أ، أييه :باتريك

lomolog: g l-qfl i l-bišklit, d qqn t d tiflut n brra.

د قنت د ،كليتش القفل إ البگ.وت ن براتفيل

:لومولوگ

Patrick: tbarkllah عlik. ur digs xmmimā .

.س خميمغيگأور د، تبارك اهللا عليك


161 � Tamazight

lomolog: is āurk l-qfl? لومولوگ إس غورك القفل؟: Patrick: ayih āuri. an ffā dāi d a tn

qqnā d tiflut. غقن أن فغ دغي د أتن .اييه غوري

.لوتد تيف

:باتريك

lomolog: qqn afad a taft may trzzmt. متدقن أفاأتافت ماي ترز . :لومولوگ

Questions:

1. max allig Patrick iskjm l-bišklit s l-biru?

كليت س البيرو؟ش إسكجم البا0EH^ .گليخ أما) 1

2. mayd ina lomolog i Patrick? 2 (0- إ گمايد إنا لومولوEH؟^ا

3. mayd iskr Patrick g tiyira? 3 ( 0^-مايد إسكرEHيرا؟ي تگ ا

Translation:

At work:

counterpart: Peace be upon you. You came in early today.

Patrick: Peace be upon you too. A little bit.

counterpart: What’s this? Why did you bring your bicycle into the office?

Patrick: Oh. It will be stolen if I leave it outside.

counterpart: But this is not the place for bicycles.

Patrick: Yes, but what should I do?

counterpart: Use a lock with the bicycle, and lock it to the gate.

Patrick: Good idea. I didn’t think about that.

counterpart: Do you have a lock?

Patrick: Yes, I have one. I’ll take it outside now and lock it to the gate.

counterpart: Lock now so that you will find later.



FORGETTTING A WALLET IN THE TAXI/ FILLING A

REPORT.

Vocabulary:

Police l-bulis ��₢$�₢ا To lose (something)

zl زل

Police station

l-kumisariya Eر��ẇ��$۷₢ا To forget ttu $�

Wallet l-bzt$am �f5 ما₢� To save (someone)

�+^ tqع

Expressions:

Help me (with something)

عاوني awniع

I lost my passport. zliā l-passporinu. ر%ا2-ازليغ"Bإنو .

I forgot my wallet in... ttuā l-bzt $aminu g... گم إنو توغ البزطا...

Where is the police station?

mani l-kumisariya? سارية؟يني الكومما

Help! (save the soul) عtqat r-ruh وحعتقات الر

Dialogue:

Brian: s-salamu عalaykum. الم عليكمبراين الس: l-bulis: waعalaykum s-salam. المالبوليس و عليكم الس:

Brian: samHi, ttuā l-bzt$aminu g yat t$-t$aksi.

يات گمحي توغ البزطام إنو سا.الطاكسي

:براين

l-bulis: waxxa mismnk? البوليس وخا مسمنك؟: Brian: isminu Brian. رايانإسمينو ب. :براين

l-bulis: mayd illan g l-bzt $am? البوليس البزطام؟گيد إالن ما: Brian: digs l-passpor d yat lakart$

vizit d 500DH. بور د يات لكارط ڤزيت سالپس ايگد. درهم500د

:براين

l-bulis: is tعqqalt i n-nmra n t$-t$aksi. نمرا ن الطاكسي؟الإس تعقلت إ :البوليس Brian: 115 115 براين:

l-bulis: waxxa adj i r-rqm n وخا أدجي الرقم ن التيليفون نك هات :البوليس


163 � Tamazight

t-tilifunnk hat ad dik sqqsaā mn bعd.

.اغ من بعدسأد ديك سق

Brian: šukran براين شكرا:

Questions:

1. mas idda Brian? 1 .ا برايان؟ماس إد

2. is as ittuyakr l-bzt$am? 2 .إساس إتوياكر البزطام؟

Translation:

Brian: Peace be upon you.

Police: Peace be upon you too.

Brian: Excuse me, I forgot my wallet in a taxi.

Police: Okay, what’s your name?

Brian: My name is Brian ...

Police: What was in the wallet?

Brian: My passport, a Visa card, and 500 dirham.

Police: Do you remember the taxi’s number?

Brian: 115.

Police: Okay, leave me your phone number, we’ll call you later.

Brian: Thanks.

BUTAGAZ

Vocabulary:

Butagaz tank

l-but $a وطةالب metal regulator between gas tank and hose

l-magana نةگالما

Gas l-gaz زلگاا To test jrrb جرب

CO2

detector d-ditiktur يتكتورالد To close qqn قن



Battery l-Hjra الحجرة To open anf أنف Gasket (rubber ring)

j-jlda n l-but $a

...الجلدة ن To turn on (to make work)

rzm رزم

Torn/cut ibbi يإب To change bddl لبد Hose t-tiyu والتي To tighten ziyr رزي

Odor/smell r-riHt / ad $u

أضو/الريحت To smell kd$u كضو

Ring l-xatm تمالخا

Dialogue:

Fatima d Caroline. فاطمة د كارولين.

Fatima: ahlan, bixir? فاطمة بخير؟،اهال:

Caroline: labas l-Hamdullah. mrHba zarm/issm.

.إسم/ مرحبا زارم .س الحمد هللالبا :كارولين

Fatima: irHb zarm l-xir. hat kd $iā ad $u n l-but $a.

غهات كضي .إرحب زارم الخير.أضو ن البوطة

:فاطمة

Caroline: ur kd$iā awdmaعlm. āuri d-ditiktur n lgaz walayni ur digs l-Hjrat.

غوري .أور كضيغ أود ماعلمس يگز وليني أور دلگاديتكتور ن اال

.الحجرات

:كارولين

Fatima: ixs $s$a km a t tsxdmt, aya ur igi l-lعb. addud an sksu j-jlda n l-but $a zwar.

أيا أور ، سخدمتت ت صا كم أخإ سكسو الجلدة ن أدود أن .لعبي الگإ

.البوطة زوار

:فاطمة

Caroline: waxxa. وخا. :كارولين

Fatima: aya iga xat $ar. ixs$s$a yaā a t nbddl mnbعd a t njrrb s waman d s-sabun.

، نبدل إخصاياغ أت . خطرگاأيا إ د نجرب س ومان من بعد أت

.بونالصا

:فاطمة

Caroline: tbarkllah āifm. رك اهللا غيفمتبا. :كارولين


165 � Tamazight

Questions:

1. max allig tlla r-riHt n l-but $a? 1 (يحت ن البوطة؟ال تگليأخ ماالر

2. max allig illa l-muškil g l-but$a n Caroline?

البوطة ن كارولين؟گ إال المشكل گليأخ ما )2

3. mayd ixs$s $an Caroline d Fatima ad skrnt?

؟تمة أد سكرناطمايد إخصان كارولين د ف) 3


Fatima: Hello, how are you?

Caroline: Fine, thanks be to God. Welcome.

Fatima: Thanks. Come here . . . I smell gas.

Caroline: I don’t smell it. I have a gas detector but it ran out of batteries.

Fatima: You should always have it on. This is no game. Let’s look at the rubber gasket ring first.

Caroline: Okay.

Fatima: You see, the rubber ring is torn. This is dangerous. We have to change it, then test it with water and soap.

Caroline: Good idea.

THEFT

Vocabulary:

Theft tukrd$a توكرضا Thief ašffar أشفار Danger l-xat$ar الخطار To touch ggr رگ

Dangerous iga xat $ar الخطرگاإ To forgive samH سامح

Make a statement/file a report

sjjl ddعut سجل الدعوة

He snatched me.

iksi. إكسي

Summons listidعa ليستدعا He attacked me

itعdda āifi

إتعدى غيفي

Witness

š-šahd

الشاهد

He slapped/ hit me

idms$i/iwti s udmis

/إضمصي

ي س تإو أضميس



Testimony š-šahada الشهادة He spit on me

issutf āifi

غيفيفتإسو

Police l-bulis البوليس He grabbed me from...

yumz i sg...

يومزي ...گس

Police inspector

linspiktur #.:?2آ,"ر He cursed me

irgm i ميگإر

Police car l-fargunit$ ونيطگالفار He stole my...

yukr i يوكري

Report r-rapor E2ور.اا He insulted me

iعayr i إعايري

Law l-qanun القانون To call (the police)

ār i (l-bulis)

)البوليس(غري

Human rights Huquq n l’insan

حقوق االنسان

Court l-mHkama المحكمة

Lawyer l-muHami المحامي Medical certificate

šahada t$ibbiya

الشهادة الطبية

Expressions:

Where is the closest police/gendarm station please

mani l-kumisariya/ labrigad nna inmalan?

Eر��ẇ�$۷₢ا * #�� /�9Dديگا �# ҟن؟ إ#�

I want to make a statement about a theft/an attack/sexual harrassment

riā ad-عlmā xf tukrd$a/ aعdda/t-taHrruš l-jinsi

�_ �$آ� XG 1�Ǒر�1 أد�/ * / أ��ا ẇ�F₢ا₢+ �ش ا

What police station should I go to?

matta l-kumisariya nnas ixs $s$a ad dduā?

�+� ا�ẇ�$۷₢ر�E #�س إYG� أد دوغ؟

Take me to the closest police station, please.

awy i s l-kumisariya nna inmalan.

ҟن * س ا�ẇ�$۷₢ر�E #� إ#� أو�

Be careful. xaram/xarak/ Hd$u ixfnm/k

'/�Gاك/�Gام �;Gإ$V Z/م

Pay attention rar l-bal رار ا₢��ل

Come with me to the police

mun idi s l-Kumisariya Eر��ẇ�$۷₢ي س ا� �$ن د�


167 � Tamazight

Dialogue:

John: s-salamu عalaykum. دجون السالم عليكم: l-bulis: waعalaykum s-salam. is trit

ak عawanā? ك أإس تريت، عليكم السالمو

ونغ؟عا

:البوليس

John: riā ad عlmā xf tukrd$a. ريغ أد علمغ خف توكرضا. :دجون l-bulis: i kiy? كي؟ إ :البوليس John: ay. إييه. :دجون

l-bulis: waxxa ki r-raqm n l-paspornk.

. نكور:.ا2.اوخا كي الرقم ن :البوليس

John: āuri āas lakart$ d sijur. is ak tlaq.

.غوري غاس الكارط دو السيجور إس أك تالق؟

:دجون

l-bulis: awd ntat at nfع. may da ak ittuyakrn d matta luqt?

كرن د أود نتات أتنفع مايد أك إتويا متا لوقت؟

:البوليس

John: yan s $-s$ak g 3:00. اك3:00 گيان الص. :دجون l-bulis: mamk iga allig ak yukr

s $-s$ak? أك يوكر الصاك؟گ ليأ گا إمكما :البوليس

John: iks i t sg iāirinu. إغيرينوگسإكسيت . :دجون l-bulis: is tعqlt i ušffar? البوليس إس تعقلت إ وشفار؟: John: iāzzif d ilsa djin d tišurt

azggaā شورت يإغزيف د إلسا دجين د ت .ييه.غگاأز

:دجون

l-bulis: mayd illan g s $-s $ak ? اكگمايد إالن؟ الص :البوليس John: āuri digs t-tilifun d l-fut$a ,

yan l-ktab, l-musjjala tamzzant (walkman) d 200DH

لكتاب ايفون د الفوطا يان لس التيگد.200المسجلة تمزانت د

:دجون

l-bulis: waxxa asidi, a ng l-bHtnā d ad ak nār mn bعd.

نغ د أداك البحتنگ وخا أسيدي أ.نغر من بعد

:البوليس

John: s $afi is imkn ad dduā? وغ؟دجون صافي إس إمكن أد د: l-bulis: uhu, qql afad a tawit didk yat

n-nusxa n r-rapor. أهو قل إميح أفاد أتاويت ديدك يات

.ور-اE2االنسخة ن

:بوليسال



John: waxxa šukran. وخا شكرا. :دجون l-bulis: haā ak, dāik ad ak nār. Hd$u

ixfnk tiklt yad $nin. حضو . هغاك، دغيك أد اك نغر

.إخفنك تيكلت ياضين

:البوليس


John: Peace be upon you.

Police officer: Peace be upon you too. Can I help you?

John: I want to report a theft.

Police officer: Are you the victim?

John: Yes.

Police officer: Okay, your passport, please.

John: I have only my “carte de sejour.” Here you are.

Police officer: That’s okay. What was stolen from you and when?

John: A bag at 3:00.

Police officer: How was it stolen?

John: A man snatched it from my shoulder.

Police officer: Can you describe the thief?

John: He’s tall, wearing jeans and a red T-shirt.

Police officer: What exactly did you have in the bag?

John: A cell phone, a towel, a book, a walkman, and 200 dirham.

Police officer: Okay, sir, we’ll do our investigation and we’ll get in touch with you later.

John: That’s it? Can I leave?

Police officer: Wait a minute, you’ve got to take a photocopy of the report.

John: Okay, thanks.

Police officer: Here you are. We’ll get in touch with you. Be careful in the future.


169 � Tamazight

HASH

Vocabulary:

Hashish l-Hšiš الحشيش To use stعml ستعمل

Quality kaliti/nuالنوع/ ي كاليت ع Sticking to/ bothering someone

slā سلغ

To smoke kmi كمي

Dialogue:

Jalil: addud ad ak sawlā. is da tinigt xf l-Hšiš.

خف ت تنيگ إس دا،ساولغأدود أد اك الحشيش؟

:جليل

Scott: uhu. ddu ibrdannk. nk ur da tkmmiā.

. تكميغنك أردا .دو إبردان نك .أهو :سكوت

Jalil: addud hat āuri kaliti ihyyan sg ktama.

گ سأدود هات غوري كاليتي إهيان .كتامة

:جليل

Scott: niā ak ddu ibrdannk. bعd i nkkin ur da tkmmiā.

بعدي نكين أور .اك دو إبردان نك نيغ.تكميغ اد

:سكوت

Jalil: sksu, ad ak gā t-taman irwan. التمن إروانگغسكسو أداك . :جليل Scott: sksu, mk tqqimit tslāti ad

dduā ad عlmā l-bulis. nkkin ur da tkmmiā.

مك تقميت تسلغتي أد دوغ .سكسو.دا تكميغ نكين أور .أدعلمغ البوليس

:سكوت

Jalil: l-bulis! safi a k iعawn rbbi ييصافي أك .البوليسعاون رب. :جليل

Questions:

1. mayd imjmaع Scott? 1 (مايد إمجماع سكوت؟

2. is isāa Scott l-Hšiš? 2 (إس إسغا سكوت الحشيش؟

3. max allig iggd Jalil d idda ibrdanns? 3 (ا إبردان نس؟گ إگليماخ أد جليل د إد


Jalil: Come here! I want to talk to you. Are you looking for Hash?

Scott: No; go away! I don’t smoke.

Jalil: Come here! I have a good quality from ktama.



Scott: I said go away! Get away from me, I don’t smoke.

Jalil: Look! I’ll give you a good price.

Scott: You look! If you keep bothering me, I’ll call the police. I don’t smoke.

Jalil: The police! Okey; may God help you.

HOUSE SECURITY/DOORS AND WINDOWS.

Vocabulary:

Lock l-qfl لقفلا sliding metal bolt for locking doors

z-zkrum كرومالز

Welder sudur/aHddad ودوراد/السأحد Iron bars talHdidin تلحديدين Latch/bolt s $-s$aqt$a ا قطاالص Hardware

store d-drogri روريگالد

Dialogue:

Jamal: s-salamu عalaykum. السالم عليكم. :جمال Carlos: waعalaykum s-salam. المو عليكم الس. :كارلوس Jamal: mayd tskart g tadart? جمال تسكارت گ تدارت؟مايد: Carlos: awdHaH, āas qqimā. غاس قميغحأودحا . :كارلوس Jamal: yllah a nffā. أنفغاله يا . :جمال Carlos: waxxa. وخا. :كارلوس Jamal: matta wya? l-qfltx ur is $Hi.

ixs $s$a k yan is $Han. d txs $s$a k yat s $-s$aqt $a afad a tqnt sg ugnsu.

إخصاك .يالقفل أور إصح متا ويا؟اك يات الصقطا ايان إصحان د تخص

.نسوگ أگستقنت أفاد أ

:جمال

Carlos: l-fikra ihyan aya, mag t nssaā?

نساغ؟ تگ ما،الفكرة إهيان أيا :كارلوس

Jamal: āur d-drogri nād s-suq askka. awd l-Hdid ixs$s $a i s-srjm afad a thnnat. a nddu s s-sudur an skr s-srjm dāi. ixs $s$a k āas a tamzt lعbarns.

.ري نغد السوق أسكاگغور الدرود ايد إخصا إ السرجم أفأود الحدأندو س السدور أنسكر .أتهنات

إخصاك غاس أتامزت .السرجم دغي.لعبارنس

:جمال

Carlos: l-fikra iHlan aya. الفكرة إحالن أيا. :كارلوس


171 � Tamazight

Jamal: ay, llahmma slamat wala ndamat

.ييه اللهم السالمت أوال الندامت :جمال

Questions:

1. mayd da yskar Carlos? 1 . مايد دايسكار كارلوس؟

2. mayd igan l-muškil? 2 .ن المشكلنس؟گامايد إ

3. mayd ixs$s $an Carlos ad ig afad ad ihnna?

أفاد أد إهنا؟ گ كارلوس أد إنمايد إخصا. 3


Jamal: Peace be upon you.

Carlos: And peace be upon you too. Welcome.

Jamal: What are you doing at home?

Carlos: Nothing, just sitting around.

Jamal: Let’s go out.

Carlos: Okay.

Jamal: What is this? This lock is not strong. You need a strong one. You also need a sliding metal bolt in order to lock the door from the inside.

Carlos: Good idea. Where can I get these from?

Jamal: From the hardware store or from souk tomorrow. Also this window needs iron bars so you feel safe. Let’s go to the welder’s to fix this window now. You need to measure it.

Carlos: Excellent idea.

Jamal: It’s better to be safe than sorry.



POLITICAL HARASSMENT

Vocabulary:

To end sbd سبد Population/people š-šعb بالشع

War l-Hrb الحرب For d د Citizen l-muwat$in المواطن Against d $idd ضد

Normal عadi عادي To convince qnقنع ع Freedom l-Huriya يةالحر Killing tanuāi تنوغي Democracy dimuqrat$iya ةالديموقراطي To kill nā نغ Subject l-mud$uالموضوع ع

Dialogue:

John iqqima g lqhwa da iqra "newsweek" mddn da tfrrajn g l-jazira. yan urgaz ina i John:

، مدن دا "نيوزويك" القهوة دا يقرا گدجون إقيما .ز إنا إ دجونگايان أور. الجزيرةگتفراجن

l-muwat$in: sawl i bush ad isbd l-Hrb. ساول إ بوش أد إسبد الحرب. :المواطن John: nkkin āas yan l-muwat$in

adi sg mirikan. lxdmtinuعad عawnā mddn aytx ayd snā.

نكين غاس يان المواطن عاديلخدمتينو أدعاونغ . مريكانگس

. أيتخ أيد سنغمدن

:دجون

l-muwat$in: walayni da tinim āurun l-Huriya d d-dimuqrat$iya.

د تنيم غورون الحرية واليني دا .الديموقراطية

:المواطن

John: aya illa, walayni nkkin āas amirikani عadi sg š-šعb.

أيا إال واليني نكين غاس أمريكاني . الشعبگسعادي

:دجون

l-muwat$in: kulukn kif kif. da tirim l-Hrb. g mirikan uggar n 50 g l-miya tra l-Hrb. awd kiy sg digsn.

. داتريم الحرب .كن كيف كيفكول گ المية 50 ن رگاو مريكان أگ

.سنيگ دگسترا الحرب أود كي

:المواطن

John: uhu, nkkin sg 50 g l-miya yad $nin d $idd l-Hrb.

ياضنين ضد 50 گسأهو نكين .الحرب

:دجون

l-muwat$in: mamk ntgga a nisin? المواطن أن إسين؟نتگامامك: John: mamk tggaā ak qnعā? غ أك قنعغ؟تگامك ما :دجون

l-muwat$in: urs, walayni mirikan ixs $s$at اتني مريكان والي،أورسالمواطن إخص:


173 � Tamazight

a tsbd l-Hrb d tnuāi n mddn.

. ن مدنتنوغي الحرب د أتسبد

John: snnit. س نيت. :دجون g l-qhwa bdan idsn mddn dasawaln g l-mud$uعtx d da-sksiwn g John. John a yxlls $ l-qhwans d idda ibrdanns.

المتطوعگدا ساوالن ان إدسن مدن القهوة بدگدجون إخلص . د جونگ د دا سكسيون تخ

.نس د إدا إبردانسة القهو

Questions:

1. mag illa John? 1 . * إD دQ$ن؟گ��#

2. mayd iskr? 2 .إ%�۷؟ ��

3. mayd skrn mddn? 3 .ن؟�� %�۷ن ��

4. mayd igan l-xdmt n John g l-mārib? 4 .إ �ا₢�>�ب؟ گ�� ن دQ$ن ان گا��

5. id mirikan kulut tra l-Hrb? 5 .ا ا₢ �ب؟��آ$₢$ت إد ��۷ن

6. id John ira l-Hrb nād d$idd l-Hrb? 6 . ₢ا �_ ��ب؟إد دQ$ن إرا ا₢ �ب #>

7. mayd iskr John g tiyira? 7 . ن$Qإ%�۷ د ��ا؟گ��


John was sitting in a cafe _ reading “Newsweek.” Some people there were

watching “Al-Jazeera.” One of the men at the cafe_ said to John:

Moroccan citizen:

Talk to Bush about stopping this war.

John: I’m just a normal citizen from America. My job is to help people in Morocco. That’s all I know.

Moroccan citizen:

But in America you say you have freedom and democracy.

John: That’s true, but I am just a normal American.

Moroccan citizen:

You are all the same. You all like war. In America more than 50% of the people are for the war. You are one of them.

John: No, I am with the other Americans against the war.

Moroccan citizen:

How are we going to know?

John: How can I convince you?

Moroccan I don’t know but America must stop killing people.



citizen:

John: I agree.

Moroccan citizen:

Talk to Bush about stopping this war.

A group of people in the cafe_ kept talking about the subject of the war. They

were looking at John. John paid for his coffee and left.


175 � Tamazight

APPENDICES

Supplementary grammar lessons 176

Moroccan Holidays 201

Glossary of verbs 207



SUPPLEMENTARY GRAMMAR

LESSONS

ADVANCED VERBS

1. DERIVED VERBS

Derived verbs are made by adding prefixes to standard verb forms which change

their meaning slightly.

To make

The prefix s can be loosely translated as to “make” for instance “fhm” is to

understand, and “s-fhm” is “to make understand.”

Examples:

I made him understand what to do.

sfhmā as mayd itga. تگاسفهمغاس مايد إ

Verb stem ”to make” verb

to be angry qllq قلق to make angry s-qllq سقلق

to enter kjm كجم to make enter s-kjm سكجم

to be tired wHl وحل to make tired swHl سوحل

to fall d $r ضر to make fall sd$r سضر

to calm (shut up)

fst فست to make quiet sfst سفست

to laugh t$s طس to make laugh st$s سطس

to be happy frH فرح to make happy sfrH سفرح

to be late عt $t$r عطر to make late sعt$t$r سعطر

to exit ffā فغ to make exit suffā* وفغس

to accompany

mun مون to make accompany

smun سمون

*Note: Occasionally there is some assimilation between the prefix ‘s’ and the

verb stem.


177 � Tamazight

Tongue twister

Fad $ma illi

sg Ait Bouilli

skjm ulli

suffā ulli

ka ur illi.

2. RECIPROCAL VERBS

By adding the prefix ‘m’ and making some changes to the stem, we create the

reciprocal form of the verb.

Example:

the verb “عwn” is to help and the verb “mعawan” is to help each other.

Base verb Reciprocal verb form

To speak sawl ساول To speak to each other

msawal مساوال

To like عjb عجب To like each other

mعjab ابمعج

To recognize

akz أكز To recognize each other

myakaz مياكاز

To be far عrq عرق To be far from each other

mعaq معراق

To meet jmجمع ع To meet with each other

mjmaمجماع ع

To know isin إسين To know each other

myassan انمياس

To see inniy إني To see each other

myinniy مييني

Examples:

Did you meet with Hammu on the way?

is tmjmaعt d Hammu g ubrid?

أبريد؟گإس تمجماعت د حمو

Don’t be far from each other in order to see each other.

adur tmعraqm afad a tmyinniym.

.أدور تمعراقم أفاد أتميينييم

You will never like each other.

usar tnnim a tmعjabm. أوسار تنيم أتمعجابن.



3. PASSIVE VOICE

In Tamazight the passive voice can be formed by adding the prefix “ttu”.

For example the verb “to fix” or “to do” which is “skr” becomes “ttu-yaskr”, “to

be fixed.”

Most of the time, the vowel ‘a’ is added in varying places, along with the prefix.

Again when vowel sounds are consecutive, a ‘y’ is inserted for the sake of

pronunciation.

To send azn أزن To be sent ttuyazn تويازن To cut (the skin)

jHr جرح To be cut ttujraH جرحتو

To open anf أنف To be opened

ttuyanf يانفتو

To close qqn قن To be closed

ttuyaqqn توياقن

To buy sā سغ To be bought

ttusāa توسغا

To put srs سرس To be put ttusras توسرس To hold/pick up

asi أسي To be held/picked up

ttuyasi توياسي

To build bnu بنو To be built ttubna توبنا To steal akr أكر To be

stolen ttuyakr توياكر

To beat wt وت To be beaten

ttuwt تووت

To imprison

Hbs حبس To be imprisoned

ttuHbas توحبس


179 � Tamazight

Examples:

The door of the garden was opened.

tiflut n wurti ttuyanf. أرتي تويانفتفلوت ن.

Fatima was cut on her finger.

Fatima tttujraH g ud $ad $ns.

فاطمة ت توجراح گ .أوضاضنس

The volunteers that were sent will work in Morocco for two years.

l-mutat$wiعin ttuyazn ad xdmn g l-mārib عamayn.

گالمتطوعين تويازن أد خدمن .ينالمغرب عام

This association was built last year.

l-jamعiyadx tttubna asggaz izrin.

س سگادخ توبنا أة الجمعي.إزرين

Hmad was imprisoned because he stole his neighbor’s money.

Hmad ittuHbas ašku yukr l-flus n wadjarns.

س أشكو يوكر احبحماد إتو.لفلوس ن وادجارنسا

NOUNS

1. NOUN FORMS

Masculine nouns.

In general, nouns that start with the vowels a,i, or u are masculine.

Examples:

hand afus أفوس foot ad $ar رأ ضا

toungue ils إلس head ixf إخف heart ul أول fenced

garden urti أرتي

Note: there are exceptions to this rule such as the femenine plural noun sheep

"ulli"

Feminine Nouns

To make the feminine form of an animated (living) noun, add 't' as a prefix and

suffix to the masculine form.



Examples:

Noun Masculine Feminine

friend asmun أسمون tasmunt تسمونت groom isli إسلي tislit تسليت boy arba أربا tarbat تتربا

Sometimes the feminine form is used to refer to the diminutive

Noun Masculine Feminine

hand afus أفوس tafust تفوست foot ad $ar أضار tad $art ارتضت

face aqmu أقمو taqmut تقموت

Nouns that are naturally feminine such as woman "tamt�ut" have no diminutive

form.

Nouns of unity

Singular nouns of unity are always feminine

Examples:

Noun Plural Singular

apple t-tffaH حالتفا tatffaHt تتفاحت oranges l-limun الليمون tallimunt تلليمونت cheese l-frmaj الفرماج talfrmajt تلفرماجت eggs tiglay يتيگال taglayt يتتگال

2. PLURALS

Plurals in Tamazight can be formed in several different ways. Below are some

guidelines, but the plural forms must be learned through interaction and

practice.

I. Eternal change (adding a suffix n/in)

The noun doesn't undergo any change when we change it from the singular to the

plural form. Except for the initial vowel 'a' changes to 'i'


181 � Tamazight

Examples:

tent axam مأخا ixamn منإخا

medecine asafar أسفار isafarn إسافارن girl tarbat تتربا tirbatin تينتربا

foot adar أضار idarn إضارن

II. Other nouns have an internal change in addition to the change of initial

vowel.

Examples:

hand afus أفوس ifasn سنإفا

mountain adrar/عari عاري/أدرار idurar/l-عwari العواري/إدورار

III. In some cases the initial vowel remains, but the internal vowels

undergo a change.

fly izi إزي izan إزان sky ignna ناگإ igniwn نيونگإ

mouth imi إمي imawn إماون IV. In some cases, the noun remains the same.

blood idammn إدامن idammn إدامن water aman أمان aman أمان people mddn نمد mddn نمد

Borrowed nouns

The plural of nouns borrowed from other languages is formed by case one or two

as listed above.

Case 1:

Examples:

paper tawriqt توريقت tiwriqin ينوريقيت

nurse afrmli أفرملي ifrmlin إفرملين



Case 2:

Examples:

work l-xdmt تلخدما l-xdami يملخداا job š-šāl شغلال l-ašsāal لالشغاا

3. ANNEXATION

Annexation (a change of the initial vowels in a noun) occurs in one of two

instances:

I. When the subject follows the verb

The man saw the lion. yannay urgaz izm. 1( ��# ز إزمگارأ�ي.

There is water in the bottle.

llan waman g l-qrعa 2 (ن و��DE��U₢ن ڭ ا.

argaz yannay yizm. 3 (5ميز ��گاأر�� .

II. After a preoposition

I socialized with the people of the country.

jmعā d mddn n tmazirt. 1( ��.ز��تQ��1 د ��ن ن

I gave the woman bread. kiā as i tmt$t$ut arārum. 2 (ت إآ�1 أس غ$W�� .أ=�وم

The man went to the town.

idda urgaz s tmdint 3( گاإدا أر��.ز س

Cases of annexation

1. In the masculine form, the initial 'a' is preceded by the semi-vowel ‘w’ the

feminine form remains unchanged.

Examples:

day ass أس wass واس river asif أ سيف wasif واسيف smell (noun) ad $u أضو wad$u ضووا


183 � Tamazight

2. The initial vowel of the masculine form changes from 'a' to 'u', while in the

case of the feminine form, the first vowel is dropped.

Examples:

hand afus أفوس ufus فوسوأ

woman tamt$ut تامطوت tmt$ut تمطوت chicken tafullust تافلوست tfullust تفلوست

3. In the masculine form, the initial vowel 'i' is preceded by a 'y', the feminine

form remains unchanged.

Examples:

lion izm إزم yizm ييزم groom isli إسلي yisli ييسلي

But …

sheep (fem.) tili تيلي tili تيلي bride tislit تسليت tislit تسليت

ADVERBS

Adverbs of manner

Adverbs of manner are made by taking some nouns and adding to them the

prefix ‘s’.

For instance: the noun for silence is “ifsti.” When we add the prefix ‘s’ to make

“s-ifsti” it becomes “silently”.

Noun

Sincerety nnit نيت Love tayri تايري Happiness l-frH الفرح Foolishness timiعd $rt عضرتتم Laugh tat$sa تاطسا



Teariness tala تاال Anger z-zعaf عافالز Running tarwla تاروال Goodness tirwi/tuxxut توخوت/تيروي

Strong j-jhd هدالج

Adverbs

Sincerely snit س نيت

Lovingly stayri س تايري

Happily slfrH س الفرح

Foolishly stimiعd $rt عضرتس تم

Laughinly stat$sa س تاطسا

“Tearily” stala س تاال/ س إمطاون

Angrily szzعaf عافس الز

”In a running way” starwla س تاروال

”In a good/bad way”

stirwi/stuxxut س توخوت /س تيروي

Strongly/noisily sjjhd هدس الج

Examples:

Karla said good-bye to her family “tearily”.

Karla tmsafad$ d l-familans stala.

كارال تمصافاد د الفميالنس س .تاال

Faďma breastfeeds her baby lovingly.

Fad $ma da tsud$ud$ arbans stayri.

سوضوض أربانس ت فضمة دا.س تايري

Jack explains water treatment to the people happily.

Jack da ytšraH d-dwa n waman i mddn slfrH.

دوا ن وامان ال تشراحي دجاك دا.س الفرحإ ميدن

She speaks to her boss angrily.

ntat da tsawal i l-mudirns szzعaf.

س نتات داتسوال إ المديرنس .الزعاف


185 � Tamazight

1. Adverbs of quantity.

Some/any ka/kan كان /كا

A little imiq/imiH إميح /إميق

A lot bzzaf/šigan افن شيگا/بز

More (than) uggar(n) ن(رگاوأ(

Less (than) ddaw(n) ن(اود(

As much as/same as anš(t) ت(أنش(

Not enough (scarse) idrus* إدروس Enough iqd $a* إقضا There is still isul* إسول Finished (nothing left) ismar* إسمار Plenty iggudi* وديگإ

How much mšta/šHal شحال /مشتا

Nothing awdHaH/ awd amya أودأميا /أودحاح

Practice

Exercise: fill in the blanks with the appropriate adverb.

1. _________ twtmin g tmāra walayni __________ irgzn.

تمغرا والينيگتوتمين _________ .1.زنگإر__________

2. is illa __________ l-kar s Tadiāust assa?

اديغوست ر س تالكا ________ إس إال .2 أسا؟

3. mqqar tlla tagrst __________ tffaH g iskla.

گ حالتفا _________ رستگر تال تامقا. 3.إسكال

4. __________ lxd$rt, ixs$s $ayi ad sā __________ walayni ddiā s suq d ur ufiā __________

أدسغلخضرت إخصاييا_________ . 4 __________وق د أور واليني ديغ س الس

. ________ أفيغ

5. is __________ utfl affla n عari? 5 . ري؟أتفل أفال ن عا_______ إس



Adverbs of opinions

Adverbs expressing certainty/uncertainty/doubt

Yes ay/ih إه/أي

Sure nnit نيت Okay waxxa/xyar خيار/ وخا

That’s all ukan/Hilli هيلي/نكاوأ

Not sure muHal موحال Maybe عniā عنيغ

Doubtless bla š-šk بال الشك PREPOSITIONS

Using Prepositions with Pronoun Endings & Verbs

Learning how to use prepositions correctly can sometimes be tricky. First, the

prepositions don’t always correspond directly to English prepositions. Thus, at

different times in Tamazight we will use different prepositions for what would

be the same preposition in English. Second, prepositions sometimes change in

meaning depending upon the verb they are used with. This is true in English, too:

She spoke on the rights of homeless people. (on means “on the subject of”)

I put the book on the table. (on means “on top of”)

With these challenges, it may take awhile for you to be a master of Tamazight

prepositions. But with continued use and exposure, they will become natural for

you, just as greetings are now natural for you.

In this section, we will look at two aspects of prepositions: 1. how to connect

prepositions with pronoun endings, and 2. which verbs use certain prepositions.


187 � Tamazight

Prepositions

On/about xf/āif غيف /خف With someone id/did ديد /إد

At the place of āur غور

To/for i إ In dig گ#د

xf/āif

The preposition xf/āif is used with many verbs and can be translated into two

english prepositions: "on" or "about"

It is used with certain verbs simply to express the meaning of the verb.

"xf"/"āif" with pronoun affixes

About me āifi غيفي

About you (masc.) āifk غيفك

About you (fem.) āifm غيفم

About her āifs غيفس

About him āifs غيفس

About us āifnā غيفنغ

About you (masc. pl.) āifun غيفون

About you (fem. pl.) āifkunt غيفكنت

About them (masc.) āifsn غيفسن

About them (fem.) āifsnt غيفسنت

Some verbs that go with "xf"/"āif"

To laugh t$s ;`

To lie skdb/sHlil ب*<% /J%#W#A

To die mmt I5

To look/search for inig گإ#G



To cry al أل

To greet sllm /A%

Examples:

Did we talk about the Peace Corps' goals?

is nsawl āif lahadaf n hay'at s-salam?

ة ئإس نساول خف لهداف ن هي السالم؟

Yes we talked about them.

ay nsawl āifsn. أي نساول غيفسن.

Greet them alot (sincerely).

sllm āifsn bzzaf. افسلم غيفسن بز.

Are you dying for pizza? is da tmtat āif l-pidza. يتزا؟لپاغيف ت إس داتمتا

Yes, I'm dying for it? ay da tmtatā āifs أي دتمتاتغ غيفس.

I don't know to speak French and he laughed at me.

ur sinā ad sawlā tafransist d it$ssa āifi.

تفرنسيست أور سينغ أد ساولغ.د إطسا غيفي

"id"/"did" with (someone)

With me didi/idi إدي /ديدي

With you (masc.) idk إدك With you (fem.) idm إدم With him/her ids إدس With us idnā إدنغ With you (masc. pl.) idun إدون With you (fem. pl.) idunt إدونت With them (masc.) idsn إدسن With them (fem.) idsnt إدسنت

Verbs:

To laugh t$s طس

To meet jmجمع ع

To stay qqim قيم


189 � Tamazight

To accompany mun مون To get to know myassan انمياس To quarell/fight nnaā ناغ

Examples:

Yesterday I fought with you, why are you talking to me?

as $nat nnaā idk, max da yi tsawalt?

ي يا ماخ دأسناط ناغ إدك تساوالت؟

We stayed with them at the cafe.

nqqima idsn g l-qhwa. القهوةگنقيما إدسن .

Did you know them already?

is tmyassant idsnt yad? انت إدسنت ياض؟إس تميس

Come with us to the association.

mun idnā s l-jmعiya .ةمون إدنغ س الجمعي

"āur" at the place of

At my place āuri غور

At your place (masc.) āurk غورك

At your place (fem.) āurm غورم

At his/her place āurs غورس

At our place āurnā غورنغ

At your place (masc. pl.) āurun غورون

At your place (fem. pl.) āurunt غوركنت

At their place (masc.) āursn غورسن

At their place (fem.) āursnt غورسنت

Verbs:

To have breakfast fd $r فضر To have dinner mnsu منسو To stay qqim قيم To be illi إلي



To spend the night ns نس To pass k ك

To buy sā سغ

Examples:

Are you at your family's house (at the place of your family)

is tllit āur l-familank? إس تليت غؤر الفميالنك؟

Yes, I am at their place ay lliā āursn. أي ليغ غورسن.

Have you ever been to Fa'dma's house (to the place of Faďma)

is urdjin tkkit āur Fad $ma?

إس أردجين تكيت غور فضمة؟

I went to her place and had breakfast there.

kkiā āurs asnat$ d fd$rā āurs

كيغ غورس أسناط د فضرغ .غورس

Note: āur can also be used with the adjective "iHla"

Example:

Lissa is dear to me. tHla āuri lissa. اتحال غوري ليس.

"i" to/for

To me i إ To you (masc.) ak أك To you (fem.) am أم To her/him as أس To us aā أغ To you (masc. pl.) awn أون To you (fem. pl.) awnt أونت To them (masc.) asn أسن To them (fem.) asnt أسنت


191 � Tamazight

Verbs:

To speak sawl ساول

To excuse samH سامح

To send azn أزن To say ini إني To explain sfhm سفهم

To give as gift hdu هدو

Examples:

He spoke to me about Moroccan culture yesterday

isawli asnat$ āif t-taqafa n l-mārib

غيف التقافة ن ط أسناإساولي. المغرب

He sent him the letter yesterday.

yuzn as tabrat asnat$. يوزناس تبرات أسناط.

She explained to him that she cannot travel at night.

tsfhm as hat ur tāiy a tsafr ggid$.

تسفهماس هات أور تغي أتسافر .يضگ

We gave a present to them at the party.

nhdayasn l-kad$o g l-Hfla الحفلةگنهداياسن الكاضو .

"dig" in

In dig يگد

In me digi ييگد

In you (masc.) dik ديك In you (fem.) digm ميگد

In him/her digs سيگد

In us dignā نغيگد

In you (masc. pl) digun ونيگد

In you (fem. pl) digunt ونتيگد

In them (masc.) digsn سنيگد

In them (fem.) digsnt سنتيگد



Verbs:

To ask about sqsa سقسا

To be scared of ggd دگ

To take care of thlla تهال

Examples:

Your brother asked about you yesterday but he didn't find you.

isqsa digm gmanm assant $ walayni ur km yufi.

وليني نطما نم أساگم يگإسقسا د.أور كم يوفي

The director is strict and the children are afraid of him.

l-mudir išqqa, d iširran ggdn sg digs.

سگ دنگالمدير إشقا د إشران .سيگد

Did your family take care of you?

is thlla dik l-familank? ملة نك ؟إس تهال ديك الفا

Yes, they took care of me.

ay thlla digi. ييگأي تهال د.

THE DEFINITE ARTICLE

The definite article in Tamazight is included in the noun.

Examples:

The man argaz زگاأر the men irgzn زن)إر

The house taddart ارت*H the houses taddrwin a0درو H

The women tamt$t$ut 5 Hت"C the women tiwtmin a#)H"#H

Indefinite articles:

The indefinite articlte “a” (m, s)

yan 0 ن

The indefinite articlte “a” (f, s)

yat 0 ت

Some (m) idsn a%إد

Some (f) idsnt IG%إد


193 � Tamazight

Examples:

A man yan urgaz زگا0 ن أور

A woman yat tmt$t$ut ت"C)H 0 ت

Some men idsn irgzn إر a%زنگإد

Some women idsnt twtmin H IG%إدa#)H"

PARTICLES OF PROXIMITY

'd' and 'n' can be combined to any verb of motion to express orientation or proximity.

The particle ’d’ refers to "to here" and the 'n' refers to "to there"

Examples:

I brought the letter (to here)

iwiā d tabrat إويغد تبرات

I brought the letter (to there)

iwiā n tabrat إويغن تبرات

Faďma came (to here) tdda d Fad$ma اد فضمةتد Faďma came (to there) tdda n Fad $ma ان فضمةتد

Position of particles

'd' and 'n' are placed after the verb in the past tense as seen in the examples

above. However in the following cases they are placed before the prefixes or

markers. Note that especially in the case of the present and future tenses, the

particle of proximity can look like a different conjugation. "ad n zurā" "I will

visit (to there)" is assimilated to "an-zurā" making it resemble the "we" form

prefix. Only the 'ā' at the end tells you that the subject is "I" and not "we."

Future and present tense:

Future/present marker + particle of proximity + verb stem

Examples:

I come (to there) every day to the association.

da n tdduā kuyas s l-jmعiya

.دا نتدوغ كوياس س الجمعية

I will visit (to there) the village

ad n zurā -> an-zurā tamazirt

أنزوغ زورغند أ.تمازيرت

Note the assimilation of "ad n" to "an" in the second example.



Negation:

ur + particle of proximity + verb

I'm sorry, I didn't come to the wedding today.

samHi, ur n ddiā s tamāra assant$.

ديغ س تمغرا أور ن .محيسا أسناط

Interogative form

is/id + particle of proximity + verb

Examples:

Did he bring the letter (to there)?

is n yiwi tabrat? يوي تبرات؟ إس ن

Did he bring the letter (to here)?

is d yiwi tabrat? يوي تبرات؟ إس د

Conditional form

mk/amr + particle of proximity + verb

Examples:

If he slept here, I will stay

mk d insa da, ad qqimā مك دينسا دا أد قيمغ .

If he had stayed (to there) I would have gone

amr n iqqimi, is ddiā يغ،أمر ن إقيميإس د .

Note: Sometimes 'i' is inserted when there is an indirect object

Examples:

I collect water da tagmā aman. مغ أمانتگدا

I collect it da t tagmā مغ تگدا ت

I collect it (to here) da tid tagmā مغتگدا تيد

I collect it (to there) da tin tagmā مغتگدا تين

LINKING WORDS/CONJUNCTIONS

that/who/which nna نا Where is the money that I lent you?

mani l-flus nna ak rd$lā? رضلغ؟ كاماني الفلوس نا


195 � Tamazight

Where is the girl who sells carpets?

mani tarbat nna iznzan ikd$fan?

ماني تربات نا إزنزان إكضفان؟

I saw the house which has been burnt.

annayā taddart nna yāusn.

.أنايغ تدارت نا إغوسن

when adday ايأد Come and visit when you are free.

adday tsulat tzritn. اي تسوالت تزريتنأد.

When you are going to the fields, please tell me.

adday tddit s igran tinit i t.

ران تينيتگأداي تديت س إ.يت

that hat تها

Tell Moha that I'll come.

inniy as i MoHa hat an dduā.

.إ موحا هات أندوغ إنياس

I told her that I have no time.

nniā as hat ur āuri lwqt. نيغاس هات أور غوري لوقت.

in which/where in nnag گنا

The house in which I live is big.

taddart nnag zdāā txatr. ارت ناتخاترغ زدغگتد .

The school in which she works is far.

l-mdrasa nnag txddm tعrq.

. تخدم تعرقگالمدرسة نا

The house where I live is small.

tmzziy taddart nnag zdā. ارت ناي تدغ زدغگتمز.

Show me (the place) where he hid the thief.

snعti adāar nnag iffr ašffar.

.شفار إفر أگسنعتي أدغار نا

who is/are ayd أيد I am the one who is responsible here.

nk ayd yklfn s da. نك أيد إكلفن س دا.

You are the one who knows where to go.

kiy ayd isn mas tddut. وتن ماس تدكي أيد إس.



to whom/whose nnami نامي The men to whom we gave money have left.

ddan irgzn nnami nka l-flus.

.لفلوسازن نامي نكا گدان إر

Here is the woman whose donkey died this morning.

han tamt$ut nnami ymmut uāyul s $-s$baHtx.

مي يموت أغيول هان تمطوت نا.الصباحتخ

unless āas mk غاس مك I'll be back tomorrow unless it rains.

qad عaydā askka āas mk yiwt unzar.

قاد عايدغ أسكا غاس مك ييوت .نزارأ

since sg گس

I have not seen him since he arrived.

ur tannayā sg may didda. اگسأور تنا يغمايد إد .

He has been waiting for you since ten.

iqql ak sg lعšra. العشرةگس إقل أك .

before urta رتاوأ

I'll be back before you leave.

ad عaydā urta tddit. يتأد عايدغ أرتا تد.

when mantur منتور I would like to know when John will be back.

riā ad isinā mantur ad iddu John.

ريغ أد إسينغ منتور أد إدو .دجون

She did not tell Mary when I would be arriving.

ur as tnni i Mary mantur ad awd$ā.

أور أس تني ماري منتور أد .أوضغ


197 � Tamazight

although mqqar رمقا

Although she was tired, she went to work.

mqqar twHl tdda s l-xdmt.

.مقار توحل تدال س الخدمت

He gave her the book although she does not know how to read.

ikay as l-ktab mqqar ur tsin a tār.

لكتاب مقار أور تسين اإكا ياس .غرأت

شعلحقا laHqqašع

ašku أشكو

Because

idā إدغ I went out with him because I like him.

munā dids عlaHqqaš yعjbi.

.مونغ ديدس علحقاش إعجبي

She did not talk to me because she doesn't know me.

ur i tsawil idā ur i tsin ينأور تساويل إدغ أور إتس.

He locked the house because there was no one inside.

irgl taddart ašku walu awdyan.

. تدارت أشكو والو أوديانلگإر

idā إدغ When/since

aynna أينا I gave him the letter when he arrived.

kiā as tabrat idā d yiwd$. كيغ أس تبرات إدغ.دييوض

We talked when we went out. n sawl aynna nffā. نساول أينا نفغ.

Since you do not know be quiet...

idā ur tssint tfst... ينت تفستإدغ أور تس.

while/what aynna أينا We were working while you were talking.

da nxddm aynna da tsawalm.

.دان خدم أينا داتساوالم

He stole the money from us while we were asleep.

yukr aā l-flus aynna ngn. ننگلفلوس أينا ايوكراغ.



I gave her what she needs.

kiā as aynna tra. كيغ أس أينا ترا.

Take what you want. asi aynna trit. أسي أينا تريت.

to whom mami ميما

I want to know to whom you gave the money.

riā ad isinā mami tkit l-flus.

ريغ أد إسينغ مامي تكيت .لفلوس

until allig گليأ

He waited until he came. iqql as allig d yiwd . دييوضگليإقل أس أ .$

I was working until he came.

ar xdmā allig didda. مغ أاگليأر خدديد .

what mayd يدما

I want to see what he has brought.

riā ad inniyā mayd isāa. ريغ أد إنييغ مايد إسغا.

She wants to know who went out.

tra a tisin mayd iffān. سين مايد إفغنت ترا أ.

where mas سما

Tell her where he went. inniy as mas idda. اإني ياس ماس إد.

where in dinnag گدينا

Where do you take the animals to drink?

mani dinnag tsswam l-bhaym?

. تسوام البهايمگماني دينا

This is where I sleep. han dinnag gganā. نغ گاگهان دينا.

where aynnag گأينا

Show me where you store water.

snعt i aynnag tggat aman. ت أمانتگا گسنيعتي أينا.

about what maxf ما خف


199 � Tamazight

Tell me what you are talking about

iniyi maxf da tsawalm. إنييي ماخف دا تساوالم.

mimk ميمك How

mamk مكما

Show me how you did it. snعti mamk as tgit, يتتگسنعتي مامك أس.

Show me how to knead bread.

snعti mamk da tعjant. تعجانتا سنعتي مامك د.

in oder to afad دأفا

I'm going to bed in order to get up early.

ddiā ad gnā afad ad nkrā zik.

.نغ أفاد أد نكرغ زيكگديغ أد

I gave him a biscuit in order to keep him quiet.

kiā as l-gato afad ad ifst.

.طو أفاد إفستگالكيغ اس ا

walayni ��و� But

mašan ن��

I want to marry her, but she doesn't like me.

riā a tt tawlā walaynni ur i tri.

* أور ��ي إر�1 أ��و₢1 و₢�� .

He invited us for dinner but we didn't want to go.

iāra yaā s imnsi mašan ur nri a nddu.

* ��Nن أور غإ=�ا�� ẇس إ��و# #�ي أ.

just āas غاس Just as we arrived, it began to rain.

gas niwď ibda day-kkat unzar.

ت يكاس نيوض إبدا داغا.نزارأ

except āas غاس Everybody understood except me.

kultn fhmn āas nk. كولتن فهمن غاس نك.

They all came except Moha.

ddant kultnt āas Moha. انت كولغاس موحاتنتد .



kud كود While/as

maHd ماحد You have to go while there is still time.

ddu kud isul l-Hal. و كود إسولالحالد.

I will plant it while it is still warm.

a t tzzuā maHd isul iHma l-Hal.

حد إسول إحما زوخ مات ت أ.الحال

She talks as she cooks. kud tsnwa tsawal. كود تسنوا تساوال.

aynnas سيناأ wherever

aynnaār أيناغر Wherever you go, I will go with you.

aynnas tddit a dik munā . يد أمونغ ديك أيناس تد.

whoever wnna ونا Whoever comes is welcome.

wnna didan mrHba is. ان مرحبا إسونا ديد.

let alone daššn داشن I don’t care about them, let alone him.

ur kkulā digsn daššn nta سن داشن نتايگأور كولغ د.


201 � Tamazight

MOROCCAN HOLIDAYS

Holidays in Morocco are extremely important and festive occasions. Women and girls have henna parties and come out of their houses to celebrate. Visitors are entertained and gifts are exchanged among friends. Particular religious rites are performed. Special sweets and foods are washed down by glass after glass of mint tea as everyone gets caught up in the socializing and celebrating.

• RELIGIOUS HOLIDAYS.

There are both religious and civil holidays in Morocco. The Gregorian calendar, based on solar computation, is used for civil purposes. This is the calendar Westerners generally use.

The Islamic calendar{ XE "Islamic Calendar" \f "v" }, based on lunar computation, divides the year into twelve months which reoccur in varying relationship to the Gregorian year and complete their cycle every thirty years of 355 days. These thirty-year cycles consist of nineteen years of 354 days and eleven years of 355 days. Thus, the Islamic calendar gains 10 to 11 days a year on the Gregorian year.

This calendar is called the Hegiran calendar because its starting point was the hegira, when Mohamed fled from Mecca in 622 of the Gregorian calendar. This calendar is used for religious purposes in Morocco.

Month Transcription

Name Arabic Festivals

1st muнarram مرح10 مth of the month: taعšurt

2nd s afar فرص

3rd rabiع l-luwl لبيع اللور 12th of the month: id l-muludع

4th rabiع t-tani بيع التانير

5th jumada l-luwla لةمادى اللوج

6th jumada t-tanya مادى التانيةج

7th rajab بجر

8th šعban شعبان



9th ramadan ضانمر

10th šuwal الشو 1st of the month: l-عid amzzan

11th du l-qiعda دو القيعدة

12th du l-нijja ةج10 دو الحth of the month: l-عid axatar

Here are sescriptions of the major festivals:

� tعašurt تعشورت

muнarram, the first month of the Islamic year, is in Morocco called ayyur tعašurt, the month of the tعašurt. It has derived this name from the feast on the tenth day of the month. This day, called as tعašurt is the Islamic New Year’s Day. It is said that Allah created Adam and Eve, heaven and hell, and life and death on the 10th.

The Day of Ashura (راء$[ �� translit: عašura, also Aashoora and other

spellings) is on the 10th day of Muharram in the Islamic calendar and marks the

climax of the Remembrance of Muharram but not the Islamic month. For Shi'a

Muslims, it commemorates the martyrdom of Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of

Muhammad at the Battle of Karbala in the year 61 AH (AD 680), and is a day for

mourning.

Ashura is also commemorated by Muslims as the traditional date on which

Noah's ark came to rest, the prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) was born and the Ka'ba

was built in Mecca. Ashura corresponds to the Jewish festival of Yom Kippur,

which was held by the Jews of Medina

Good food has a place in the rejoicing of tعašurt, in accordance with the

traditional saying of the Prophet, “Who give the plenty to his household on the

tعašurt day, God will bestow plenty upon him throughout the remainder of the

year.” Cow, bullock, goat, sheep, dried dates, and eggs are fixed according to

local custom. Visits to the graves of relatives and alms-giving are common at this

time.

Of great interest are the fire and water rites practiced at tعašurt, to which

purificatory and other beneficial effects are ascribed. On tعašurt eve, “the

bonfire night” fires are built throughout the town and the people sing and dance

around them. The chief object of the rite is to purify men and animals or to

protect them from evil influences, since there is “baraka” (blessings) from those

fires.


203 � Tamazight

Similar effects are attributed to the water rites which even more

frequently are practiced on the following morning. It is a general belief that

there is baraka in all water on this morning. To take a bath on the morning of the

tعašurt day is a very wide-spread custom, and in many cases it was expressly said

that it must be done before sunrise. Children are traditionally involved in this

festival. They dress-up, play small drums, and are given gifts during this holiday.

عيد المولود id l-muludع �

In Morocco, the third month of the Islamic year is called ayyur l-mulud, the month of the mulud. These names are given because of the feast celebrating the birth of the Prophet which commences on the twelfth day of the month and lasts for several days. The mulud is a particularly blessed month and all children born during it are considered fortunate.

The Prophet’s Birthday has more significance in Morocco because Morocco is

a Kingdom rather than a republic, and King Mohamed VI is a descendant of the

Prophet. The anniversary is brilliantly celebrated at the Imperial Palace in Rabat

and in the evening in Sale a great procession of candles takes place.

In Meknes the Aissaoua brotherhood has its own unique celebration worth seeing. Followers of the holy man, l-hadi Ben Aissa throng to Meknes and play music, dance, celebrate and make what is called “the small pilgrimage” to nearby saints’ tombs.

� laylatu l-qadr ليلة القدر

Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic year. The most important feature of Ramadan is the complete abstinence from food, drink and sexual activity from daybreak to sunset. Every Muslim who has reached the age of puberty must fast. Pregnant women, menstruating women, travelers, and those who are ill are exempt from fasting, but should make it up at a later date.

According Islam, there is one night in Ramadan which is more important than any other, namely, laylatu l-qadr, “the night of power.” The Koran is sent down to the Prophet on that night. This night is one of the last ten nights of Ramadan, but its exact date has not been discovered by anyone but the Prophet himself. It is said to be one of the odd nights—the 21st, 23rd, 25th, 27th, or 29th—and in Morocco it is celebrated on the 27th day.

On the night of the 27th, the Muslims go to the mosque to pray. From sundown to daybreak, the imam (the prayer leader) reads the Koran. The complete Koran is read before the sun rises. It is believed by some that the sky



will open up during this night and wishes will ascend directly to Allah and be granted. During the night, special meals of couscous are prepared and brought to the mosques. Those unable to go to the mosque eat specially prepared meals at home. Each family gives part of the meal to the poor.

� l-عid amzzan انالعيد أمز

Immediately following Ramadan is l-عid mzzin, or “the little feast.” Everyone stays up very late to hear the announcement that the new moon has been sighted and Ramadan and fasting are over. When it has officially been sighted, a three-day festival ensue in which alms-giving plays a major role. The alms (zakat l-fitr) usually consist of food items like wheat or barley, and each family does the best it can and it is given just the day of l-عid. The chief

religious rite of the feast is a prayer service at the mosque in the morning.

� l-عid axatar أختارالعيد

On the tenth day of the month du l-нijja, the last month of the year, the Islamic world celebrates its yearly sacrificial feast. In Morocco it is known as l-عid mqqurn or “the great feast.” This is the central feast in Islam, comparable to and derived from the feast of the atonement, Abraham’s substitute sacrifice. Hence, the animal sacrificed must be mature and without blemish.

Every family must have its own sheep just as Americans need turkeys for

the proper celebration of Thanksgiving. Those who cannot afford a sheep buy a

lamb or another less expensive animal. In Morocco, the animal cannot be slain

until the King has killed his sheep. Then in each household, the head of the

family kills the sheep (sometimes a butcher is asked to come to the house and

perform the ritual). The sheep is eaten in an orderly fashion determined by local

custom. For example, on the first day, the liver, heart, stomach, and lungs are

eaten. On the second day, normally the head and feet are eaten. However, the

head and feet can be eaten on the first day if that is the local custom. There

are purification and sanctification customs and rites that prepare the people for

the holy feast and its principal feature, the sacrifice. People must purify and

sanctify themselves in order to benefit from the holy feast and its sacrifice.

Personal cleanliness should be observed. Men and boys visit the barber and often make a trip to the hammam as well.

Henna is used as a cosmetic. Women paint their hands with it and, in many cases, also their feet. Among some ethnic groups, henna is also applied to domestic animals.


205 � Tamazight

Alms-giving and prayer are two other purification rites practiced during the great feast. Gifts are exchanged between family members and a portion of the meal is given to the poor. The day begins with prayer. The chief praying ceremony takes place in the morning at the mosque.

• MOUSSEMS.

Many Moroccan communities commemorate local saints, or “marabous,” in a yearly festival or “moussem.” Most moussems are held near the tomb of the marabou and involve music, dancing and fantasia. For a very famous marabou’s moussem, people will come from very far away. Some very famous moussems celebrate Moulay Bouchaib (near El Jadida), Moulay Brahim (near Marrakech), Moulay Yaعqub (Fes), and Moulay Idriss (Fes). Many towns have their own moussems known only to those in the region.

• NATIONAL HOLIDAYS.

In addition to the religious holidays, some important civil holidays commemorating significant events in Morocco’s recent history are celebrated. The most important of these are Independence Day, the Throne feast, Green March Day, and King Mohamed’s birthday.

The Festival of the Throne, or عid l-عrš, is the biggest of the civil holidays. This festival commemorates the coming to power of the King on July

30, 1999. Celebrations including parades with nationalistic anthems usually occur in the cities with local government officials, like the governor, making appearances. Traditionally during this holiday, country people come to visit their city relatives, who are expected to feed and house them for the duration of the festival. There is often a special emphasis on improving the appearance of the town prior to this holiday. City employees clean streets and paint walls, and townspeople are sometimes required by government officials to paint their doors, whitewash their houses, and display flags.

Green March Day is also celebrated by large parades in most of Morocco. This day commemorates one of the greatest achievements of King Hassan II: the mobilization of 350,000 Moroccans for the march into the Sahara territory. On November 6, 1975, the first Moroccan marchers, under the leadership of the then Prime Minister Ahmed Osman, set out from Tarfaya and entered the Spanish territory. During the celebration, those who went on the actual march once again dress up in green and re-enact the march.

Independence Day, or عid l-istiqlal, commemorates the November 18,

1956 return of Mohamed V from his French-imposed exile in Madagascar. This day gives rise to receptions at the Imperial Palace and parades and celebrations all over Morocco.



The last of these major national holidays celebrates the King’s Birthday, August 21, 1962. There are many organized celebrations in Rabat and broadcasts on the radio praising the King.

• REGIONAL FESTIVALS.

There are also many regional festivals which are centered around a particular product in which a region specializes. The product is displayed and sold; music and other activities take place in an atmosphere similar to a country fair.

Some famous regional festivals are the Cherry Festival in Sefrou, the Date Festival in Erfoud, the Rose Festival in El-Kelaat M’Gouna (near Ouarzazate), the Marrakech Folklore and Music Festival, and the Immouzer Idawtanan Honey Festival (near Agadir).

One of the most interesting festivals in Morocco is the re-enactment of an ancient market in the High Atlas Mountains. At one time, these very isolated High Atlas tribes would gather yearly at a specific point near Imilchil where many mountain paths met for the yearly “market.” Provisions for many months were bought and sold and at one time one of the reasons for coming was to acquire a bride. Men would meet a girl for the first time and pay her dowry then take her home. Some say this practice still exists and others say it is just a re-enactment for tourists, but in any case, it is a large market where many Berbers still buy many of the coming year’s provisions.

Religious, civil, and regional festivals are an excellent chance to get out and see interesting things, meet people on an informal basis, and have fun. Dates of these celebrations can be obtained from the national tourist office branches in many cities, but people in your community will usually provide you with the information about your region.

It should be noted that the same festival may be celebrated somewhat differently in various sections of the country. For example, in Errachidia Province, a far greater emphasis is put on Green March Day than in other sections of Morocco because that province provided the first contingent for the march.

Be sure to check out the expectations of your community for a particular

holiday, particularly in terms of visitation, entertaining, gift-giving, and

participation, so you can get as involved as possible and enjoy the holidays.


207 � Tamazight

GLOSSARY OF VERBS

A

English Imperative simple

Imperative continuous

1st person past

Absorb su سو ssa اس swiā

Able, to be iāiy إغيي tiāiy تغي āiyā

Accept iri إري tiri تيري riā

Accompany, to be

mun مون tmun تمون munā

Accuse gr l-bat$l xf ر الباطل گ خف

ggar l-bat$l xf

رالباطل گا خف

griā l-bat$l xf

Accustom walf والف twalaf توالف walfā

Ache, something

nā نغ nqqa نقا ināay-i

Acknowledge عtarf عتارف tعtarf رفتعتا tarfāع

Acquainted, to become

myassan اناسمي tmyassan انتميس myassanā

Add zayd زايد tzayad تزاياد zaydā

Adopt rbba ربا trbba تربا rbbaā

Advance zwwr زوور zggur ورگز zwarā

Advise g ixf/ns $H إخف گ / نصح

tgga ixf/ tns $aH

/ إخفتگا تنصاح

giā ixf/ ns $Hā

Afraid, to be

ggd دگ tggd دتگ ggdā

Age wsir يروس twsir توسير wsirā

Agree qbl/tafq \ �" /^3�� tqbal/tafaq ل��U�/3��ق� qblā/tafqā

Aid/help عawn ون�� tعawn وان�� awnāع

Allow/ leave/let

adj أدج tadja �Q�� udjiā

Alter xllf XǑG txllaf فҟ �� xllfā

Amuse st$s �W% st$sa �YW% st$siā



Angry, to be

qllq ^Ǒ" tqllaq قҟ U� qllqā

Annoy s $ddع ع�% ts $ddaاع ع�ẇ� s $ddعā

Answer jawb وب�Q tjwab واب�F� jawbā

Appear d $hr �T_ td $har �V�Tر d $hrā

Applaud wt abariq ^ ^�آ�ت أkkat abariq 9 وت أ�9ر� ر� wtā abqqa

Apply for ttr �� tttr �+� ttrā

Approve qbl \ �" tqbal ��U�ل qblā

Arrange siksil \ �ẇ۷% siksil \ �ẇ۷% siksilā

Arrest amz 5أ� tamz 5�� umzā

Arrive awd$ أوض tawd$ وض�� iwd$ā

Ascend ali * * tali أ₢ ₢�� uliā

Ask sqsa �ẇU% sqsa �ẇU% sqsaā

Ask (in marriage)

ttr �� tttr �+� ttrā

Assemble (parts)

smun ن$�% smun ن$�% smunā

Associate with

sur ر$% tsur ر$ẇ� sarā

Attack tعdda ا�� tعdda ا�� tعddaā

Attempt arm أرم tarm رم�� urmā

Attend Hid $r �V�Z tHid $ir ��V Had $rā

Attention, to pay

rar l-bal ��₢لرار ا trara l-bal ار ا₢��ل�� ruriā l-bal

Avoid K t$-t$rf / rqع

ك ا₢�Wف ��ق/

tkka t$-t$rf tعraq

��۷ ا₢�Wف/ ��اق

Kiā t$-t$rf / rqāع

B

Bankrupt, to go

Hwj ج$Z tHwaj اج$ � Hwjā

Bargain št$t $r �WN�ر tšt$t$ar ر�WN� št$t $rā

Bark shub ب$T% shubu $9$T% ---

Bathe ssird �د% sired ��% sirdā

Be ili * * tili إ₢ Ǒ�� lliā

Beat wt وت kkat آ�ت wtā

Become عayd �� tعayad د�� aydāع


209 � Tamazight

Befriend myassan ن�ẇ�� tmyassan �نẇ�� myassanā

Beg ttr �� tttr �+� ttrā

Begin bdu و�9 bddu و�9 bdiā

Belch grرعگ ع tgrraراعتگ ع grعā

Believe amn ( ) tamn أ� �� umnā

Benefit from

snf4 ع;�% snfaع ع�;�% snfعā

Betray ād $r �V= ād $d $r �V= ād $rā

Bigger, to make

sxitr ��+�% sxitir ��+�% sxatrā

Birth, to give

aru أرو taru رو�� iruā

Bite qrrš ش�" tqrraš اش�U� qrršā

Blow up (air)

suf ف$% tsuf ف$ẇ� sufā

Blow up st$ā 1+% st$t$ā 1+% st$ā

Boil srkm Κآ�% srkam آ�م�% srkmā

Born, to be lal لD tlula D$Ǒ� luliā

Borrow rd$l \ _ rd$d ر $l \ _ rd$lā ر

Bother sddع ع�% tsddaاع ع�ẇ� sddعā

Bow Hudr در$Z tHudur در$ � Hudrā

Break rz رز rzza رز rziā

Break down

xssr �YG txssar ر�Y�� xssrā

Breathe sunfs �;#$% sunfus س$;#$% sunfsā

Bring awi أوي tawi وي�� iwiā

Brush krd$ آ�ض krrd$ آ�ض krd$ā

Build bnu $�9 bnnu $�9 bniā

Burn sāus/skmd$ س$<% /{ �۷%

sāus/skmad$ س$<% / %۷��ض

sāusā/ skmd$ā

Burnt, to be

āus/kmd$ س$= /{ آ�

tāus/tkmad$ س$<� /��۷�ض

āusā/ kmd$ā

Burst st$ā 1+% st$t$ā 1+% st$ā

Bury adr أدر tadr در�� udrā

Buy sā 1% ssaā غ�% sāiā



C

Call ār �= qqar ر�" āriā

Call (on the phone)

g t-tilifun نگ$;�Ǒ+₢ا

tgga t-tilifun

giā ا₢+�Ǒ;$نتگاt-tilifun

Calm sfst �ẇ;% sfsta �+ẇ;% sfstiā

Can iāiy * * tiāiy إ=� <�� āiyā

Capture amz 5أ� tamz 5�� umzā

Care, to take

thlla ҟ T� thlla ҟ T� thllaā

Careful, to be

Hd $u (ixfnk)

$VZ)�;Gإ'( Hd $d$u (ixfnk)

$VZ Hd $iā ixfinu

Carry asi * �� tasi أ%* % usiā

Cash srrf ف�� tsrraf اف�Y� srrfā

Catch up ssikl \ ۷�% ssikil \ �۷�% ssiklā

Cause sbbeb p �% tsbbab ��ẇ�ب sbbebā

Cause g s-sabab گp �ẇ₢ا tgga s-sabab

pتگا �ẇ₢ا giā s-sabab

Celebrate g lfrH/ Htafl

/ ا₢;�حگ �+Z \ 3

tgga lfrH/ tHtafal

/ ا₢;�حتگا �3�+ �ل

giā lfrH/ Htaflā

Change bddl ل�9 tbddal ال�� bdlā

Change (money)

srrf ف�� tsrraf اف�Y� srrfā

Charge, to be in

qabl/kllf �" \ 9/XǑآ tqabal/ tkllaf

ҟف/��9�Uل ۷� qablā/ kllfā

Cheat āšša �N= tāšša �N<� āušiā

Chew fz 53 tfzza 5ا;� fziā

Choose xtar �+Gر txtar ر�+�� xtarā

Churn sndu و��% sndu و��% sndiā

Clarify sfru و�;% sfru و�;% sfriā

Clatter smnqr �U��% smnqar �U��% smnqrā

Clean nqqa �U#/ز�5دي tnqqa �U�� nqqaā

Climb ali * * tali أ₢ ₢�� uliā

Crowded, to be

tkkur ۷�$ر tkkur ۷$ر� tkkurā

Cry all أل alla Dأ ulliā

Cultivate krz آ�ز krrz آ�ز krzā


211 � Tamazight

Cure jujuy ي$Q$Q jujuy ي$Q$Q jujiā

Cure, to be jiy * Q tjiy * �F� jiā

Cut bbi * 9 tbbi * �� bbiā

Cut (hair) kks (azar) أزار (آ�( tkks (azar) �۷�)أزار( kksā (azar)

Cut (skin) jrH ح�Q jrrH �Qح jrHā

D

Damage sxsr �ẇ�% sxsar �ẇ�%ر sxsrā

Dampen ssumā 1�$% ssumuā غ$�$% ssumā

Damp, to get

mmā 1� tmmā 1�� mmā

Dance št$H ] W[ tšt$aH WN�ح� št$Hā

Deafen sd$urd$r �_ _$ر V% sd$urd$ur$ر V% sd$urd$rā$ر

Decline ggz زگ tggz زتگ ggzā

Decrease naqs �#` " tnaqas ��"�ص naqsā

Dedicate hdu و�ه thdu و�T� hdiā

Delay sعt$t$r �W�% sعt$t$ar ر�W�% sعt$t$rā

Delay, to be

tع $t$r �W� tعt$t$ar �W��ر tع $t$rā

Defeat rnu $#ر trnu $#�� rniā

Descend ggz زگ tggz زتگ ggzā

Deserve stahl �+%\ ه stahal ه�ل �+% stahlā

Desire iri إري tiri ي�� riā

Develop (film)

ssufā 13 $% ssufuā 3$غ$% ssufā

Die mmt �� tmtat ت�+�� mmutā

Difficult, to make

ssuعr ��$% ssuعar ر��$% ssuعrā

Dig āz 5= qqaz �"ز āziā

Digest zd zzad زض $ zd زاض $ $iā

Dinner, to have

mmnsw $ẇ�� tmnsaw و�ẇ�� mmnswā

Direct, (as an order)

k laden ن��ن ikki laden ك ₢��₢ * إآ kiā ladn

Dirty, to get

rku $رآ trku $آ�� rkiā



Disappear ašk ' �� taška أ][�۷ uškiā

Discover af أف tafa �3�� ufiā

Discuss sawl xf XG ول�% sawal xf XG ال$% sawlā xf

Dislike ur Hmil \ ��Z أور ur tiHmil \ �� ur Hmiliā إور

Dismantle anf X#أ tanf X#�� unfā

Dismount ggz زگ tggz زتگ ggzā

Distribute bd $u $V9 bt$t $u 9W$ bd $iā

Dissolve sfsi * ẇ;% sfsay ي�ẇ;% sfsiā

Disturb sxub ad $u $_ sxub ad %�$ب أ $u $_ sxubā ad %�$ب أ $u

Divorce rzm رزم rzzm رزم rzmā

Dizzy, to get

duhdu و�ه ه�و tduhdu دو �و� duhdiā

Dizzy, to make

sduhdu و�ه �و% sduhdu و�ه �و% sduhdiā

Do g/skr �۷ / گ% tgga/skar �۷ر / تگا% giā/skrā

Draw up (water from a well)

agm م)أ tagm H(م ugmā

Dream warg گوار twirig ��$�يگ wargā

Dress ls �₢ lssa �ẇ₢ lsiā

Drink su $% ssa �% swiā

Drink, to make

ssu $% sswa ا$% sswiā

Drip smiqqiy * U��% smiqqiy * �U��% smiqqiyā

Drive ssudu/Hri ي/%$دو�Z ssudu/Hrri ي/%$دو�Z ssudiā/Hriā

Drive crazy

smiعd $r

�V��%

smiعd $ir

��V��%

smiعd $rā

Drop rdl ردل trdal ردل rdlā

Drop, to make

srdl دل�% srdal دال�% srdlā

Dry zwu زوو zggu زوو zwiā

Dye sbā 1�% tsbaā ��Y�غ sbā

E

Easy, to make

swhn ( ه $% swhan ه� ن%$ swhnā

Eat tš y � ttša �N+� tšiā


213 � Tamazight

Eat breakfast

fd $r �V3 fd $d$r �V3 fd $rā

Eat dinner mmnsu $ẇ�� tmnsaw و�ẇ�� mmnsuā

Efface sfd$ { ;� sffd$ { ;% sfd$ā

Elect ntaxb �+#p G tntaxab ب�G�+�� ntaxbā

Eliminate kks آ� tkks �� kksā

Embarrass sHšm ΚN % sHšam م�N % sHšmā

Embarrass, to be

Hššm ΚNZ tHššam �مN � Hššmā

Embrace Islam

sllm ΚǑ% tsllam مҟ ẇ� sllmā

Endure s $br �� ts $bar ر��Y� s $brā

Enjoy brr�9ع ع tbrraاع ع�� brrعā

Empty xwu و$G xwwu و$G xwiā

End fukku $3$آ tfukku $آ $;� fukkiā

Enlarge sws4 ع%$% swsaع ع�%$% swsعā

Enlighten ssid %�� ssiddi ي��% ssudiā

Enroll zmm'm Κز� tzmmam 5��م� zmm'mā

Enter kjm ΚFآ kjjm ΚFآ kjmā

Enter, to make

skjm ΚF۷% skjam �F۷%م skjmā

Envy krh آ�� krrh ��آ krhā

Equate siksil \ �ẇ۷�% siksil \ �ẇ۷�% siksilā

Escape rwl رول rggl لگر rwlā

Estimate qddr ر�" tqddar ار�U� qddrā

Evacuate sufā 13$% sufuā 3$غ$% sufā

Exaggerate šayd$ { ��[ tšayad$ ��Nض šyd$ā

Examine sniās �<��% sniāis ��<��% sniāsā

Exchange mbddal ال�� tmbddal ال�� mbddalā

Excuse samH �%] � tsamaH ��ẇ�ح samHā

Exhibit snعt ��% snعat ��%ت� snعtā

Exit ffā 13 tffā 1;� ffā

Expensive, to get

sālu $Ǒ<% sālu $Ǒ<% sāliā

Experience jrrb ب�Q tjrrab اب�F� jrrbā

Exploit sknd { �۷% sknad { �۷% skndā

Explain sfru و�;% sfru و�;% sfriā



Explode bbd $i * V9 tbd $ay �V ��ي bbd $iā

Exploaded, to make

sbd $i * V�% sbd $ay �V�%ي sbd $iā

F

Face nal �#ل tnala ��D nalā

Fail xsr �ẇG xs $s$r �YG xsrā

Faint sxf X�% tsaxaf ف�� sxfā

Fall rdl ردل rddl ردل rdlā

Fallen, to make

srdl دل�% srdal دال�% srdlā

Fake zwwr زور tzwwar 5وار� zwwrā

Fast uzum أزوم tuzum زوم$� azumā

Fear ggd (د tggd (,د ggdā

Feed stš y +% stša �N+% stšiā

Feed animals

sعlf XǑ�% sعlaf فҟ �% sعlfā

Feel aki * أآ taki * �� ukiā

Fence in suty * �$% sutuy ي$�$% sutiyā

Ferment, to be

xmr

�G�

txmar

��ر

-----

Fight nnaā #غ� tnnaā غ�� nnaā

Fill عmmr �� tعmmar ��ر mmrāع

Filter s $ffa �;� ts $ffa �;Y� s $ffaā

Find af أف tafa ��3 ufiā

Finish fukku / kmml

\/ 3$آ$ آ� tfukku / tkmmal

آ $;��۷��ل/$ fukkiā/kmmlā

Finish, to be

smur ��%ر tsmur ر��ẇ� smarā

Fish amz islman / s $yyd

��Ǒ%ن أ�5 إ/��

tamz islman / ts $yyd

��Ǒ%5 إ��/ ن �Y��د

umzā islman/s $yydā

Fix skr �۷% skar �۷%ر skrā

Flatten ārf ف�= ārrf ف�= ārfā

Fly ayl \ taylal ҟ أ� ��ل uyliā

Fold ud $u $_ tud أ $u $_ $� ad $uā


215 � Tamazight

Follow t$fur fر$; t$fur f;ر$ t$farā

Forbid sHrm م� % sHram ام� % sHrmā

Force open zllز₢4 ع tzllaع عD5� zllعā

Foretell inniy * * tinniy إ# �� annayā

Free rzm رزم rzzm رزم rzmā

Freeze qqar �"ر tāar ر�<� qqurā

Fry qla �Ǒ" tqla ҟ U� qlaā

Fulfill kmml \ آ� tkkmal ��۷�ل kmmlā

Full, to be djawn �Qوند tdjawan �Q��وان djiwnā

Fun, to make

st$s �W% st$sa �ẇW% st$siā

Fun of, to make

t$s xf XG �f t$ssa xf XG �ẇf t$siā xf

G

Gain rbH ] ح��trbaH �9 ر9 rbHā

Gamble qmmr ��" tqmmar ��U�ر qmmrā

Gather smutr �%$�� smutur ر$�$�% smutrā

Gather (with people)

mjmaع ��Fع� tmjmaع ��F��ع mjmaعā

Gaze qqar g گ"�ر tār g ر�<�گ qqurā g

Generate aru أرو taru رو�� iruā

Get amz 5أ� tamz ��5� umzā

Get down ggz زگ tggz زتگ ggzā

Get on ali/ni * */ أ₢ # tali/tnuy �� * ��$ي/ ₢ uliā/niā

Get rid of mzaray d 5اراي د� tmzaray d 5اراي�� mzarayā d د

Give k ك ikki * إآ kiā

Give a ride s $iwd$ ض$�� s $iwid$ { �$�� s $iwd$ā

Give a speech

sawl �%ول sawal لا%�و sawlā

Give back rar رار trara ارا�� ruriā

Give off rzm رزم rzzm رزم rzmā

Give a present

hdu $VZ thdu $V � hdiā

Glean sfliliy * Ǒ�Ǒ;% sfliliy * Ǒ�Ǒ;% ---

Gleam ssid ��% ssidi ي��% ---



Glue ls $s $q ^Y₢ tls $s $aq �YǑ�ق ls $s $qā

Go ddu دو tddu و�� ddiā

Go ahead of

zwur زوور zggur ورگز zwarā

Go further zayd s dat س دات � tzayad s زا�dat

تد س دا�5ا�� zaydā s dat

Go out ffā 13 tffā 1;� ffā

Go through kk ك tkka �۷� kkiā

Go up ali * * tali أ₢ ₢ �� uliā

Gossip about

sawl xf XG ول�% sawal xf �%XG ول sawlā xf

Govern Hkm Κ۷Z tHkam �۷ �م Hkmā

Go ddu دو tddu و�� ddiā

Go ahead of

zwur زوور zggur ور)ز zwarā

Greet sllm xf XG ΚǑ% tsallam xf XG مҟ ẇ� sllmā xf

Greet one another

msllam مҟ ẇ� tmsllam مҟ ẇ�� msllamā

Grill knnf X آ� knnf X آ� knnfā

Grind zd zzad زض $ zd زاض $ $iā

Grow xitr �+�G txitir ��+�� xatrā

Guarantee d $mn ( �_ d $mmn ( �_ d $mnā

Guard Hd $u $VZ Ht$t$u ZW$ Hd $iā

Guide sudu دو$% sudu دو$% sudiā

H

Hand awi-d �� tawi-d أو��$� iwiā-d

Hang agl لگأ tagl ��لگ uglā

Hang to dry fsr �ẇ3 fssr �ẇ3 fsrā

Happen jru و�Q tjru و�F� ---

Happy, to be

frH �3ح tfraH اح�;� frHā

Harvest mgr رمگ mggr رمگ mgrā

Hatch bd $i * V9 tbd $ay ي�V �� ---

Hate krh آ�� krrh ��آ krhā

Have āur ر$= āur $=ر āuri


217 � Tamazight

Heal, to be jjiy * Q tjjiy * �F� jjiyā

Hear isil \ \ tisil إ%� �� slaā

Heat sHmu $� % sHmu $� % sHmiā

Help عawn ون�� tعawan وان �� awnāع

Herd ks آ� kssa �ẇآ ksiā

Hidde, to make oneself

ffr �3 tffr �;� ffrā

Hide ffr �3 tffr �;� ffrā

Hint at wt s wawal س واوالوت kkat s wawal

ت %$اوالآ� wtā s wawal

Hire kru آ�و krru آ�و kriā

Hit/fall/rain wt وت kkat آ� ت wtā

Hold asiy * � tasiy أ%* �ẇ usiyā

Hope tmnna �� tmnna �� tmnnaā

Hungry, to be

ināa laz �<#زإD inqqa laz �U#زإD ināayi laz

Hurt brš �9ش brrš �9ش bršā

I

Ignore nxxl \ �# tnxxal ��ل nxxlā

Ill, to be mrd$ ض�� tmrad$ اض�� mrd$ā

Ill, to make smrd$ ض��% smrad$ اض��% smrd$ā

Imagine xayl �G\ � txayal ��ل xaylā

Imitate qlld �Ǒ" tqllad دҟ U� qlldā

Impose g ddrرعگ ع� عgiā ddr ا₢�رعتگا عtgga ddr ا₢

Imprison Hbs ��Z Hbbs ��Z griā g lHbs

Increase zayd �د�5ا�� tzayad زا� zaydā

Inform عlm ΚǑ� عllm ΚǑ� عlmā

Injure jrH ح�Q tjraH اح�F� jrHā

Install rkkb رآp trkkab آ��ب rkkbā

Interest(s), (something)

ihmma ��ه ه�� ihmma إ ihmmayi إ

Invent skr �۷% skar �۷ ر% skrā

Invite ār �= qqar �"ر āriā

Iron Hdd’d د�Z tHddad اد� � Hdd’dā



Irrigate ssu $% sswa ا$% sswiā

Irritate zعf Xز� tzعaf ��5ف� zعfā

J

Jump nd $w $V# tnd $aw �V ��و nd $wā

Justify k timitar �+��رك ikki timitar �+�� * رإآ kiā timitar

K

Keep house Hd $u $VZ Ht$t$u ZW$ Hd $iā

Kiss sudm دم$% sudum دوم$% sudmā

Knead ggw/عjn (و/( F� tgwa/tعjan تگا/ �F��ن ggwiā/عjnā

Know isin ( ) tisin إ%� �� snā

L Lack ngza زانگ tngza زاتنگ ngziā

Last (time)

dum دوم tdum وم�� tdumā

Late, to be

tع $t$r �W� tعt$t$ar �W��ر tع $t$rā

Late, to make

sعt$t$r �W�% sعt$t$ar �W�%ر sعt$t$rā

Laugh t$s �f t$ssa ẇf� t$siā

Laugh, to make

st$s �W% st$sa �ẇW% st$siā

Lay egg aru tiglay يتگالأرو taru tiglay رو��يتگال aruā tiglay

Lead to s $iwd$ ض$�� s $iwid$ { �$�% s $iwd$ā

Leak smiqiy * �U��% smiqiy * U��% smiqiyā

Lean Hdr ر�Z tHudur دور$ � Hdrā

Learn lmd/عllm ��₢/ΚǑ� tlmad/tعllam د ��Ǒ�ҟم/ �� lmdā/عllmā

Leave zri/adj أدج/زري zrri/tadja زري/�Qد�� zriā/udjia

Leave alone

Hyyd ��Z tHyyad �� د Hyydā

Leave behind

zri زري zrri زري zriā


219 � Tamazight

Lend rd$l \ _ \fر rt$t$l ر rd$lā

Lengthen sāzif X �5<% sāzif X �5<% sāzifā

Lessen sdris ر��% sdris ر��% sdrusā

Let adj أدج tadja ��Qد udjiā

Let go of rzm رزم rzzm رزم rzmā

Lie skdub ۷%وب� skdub ۷%وب� skdbā

Lift asi * �� tasi أ%* % usiā

Lie (rest) mārd$ ض�<� tmārad$ ��>�اض mārd$ā

Light ssiā 1�% ssiāi * <�% ssiā

Like iri ريإ tiri ي�� riā

Lighten sfsis ��ẇ;% sfsis ��ẇ;% sfsisā

Limit g lHd گ� giā lHd ا₢ �تگا tgga lHd ا₢

Limp sHizun 5ون� % sHizun 5ون� % sHizunā

Line up g s $-s $ff گXY₢ا tgga s $-s $ff تگاY₢ا X giā s $-s $ff

Live zdā زدغ zddā زدغ zdā

Lock rgl لگر rggl ل)ر rglā

Look sksu $ẇ۷% sksiw $�ẇ۷% sksuā

Look alike myaā غ�� tmyaā ��غ myaā

Look behind

sksu s d $art

ẇ۷%$ س_�رت

sksiw s d$art س $�ẇ۷% _�رت

sksuā s d$art

Look down on someone

Hqqr �UZ tHqqar �U �ر Hqqrā

Look for inig/nada دا#�/نيگإ tinig/tnada دا /تنيگ�� anugā/tnadaā

Look like aā أغ taā غ�� aā

Look out (window)

ssigi * * ssigi %�ڭ ssugiā %ڭ

Loosen silw $Ǒ�% siliw $�Ǒ% silwā

Lose zl زل zlla Dز zliā

Love iri إري tiri �ي� riā

Lower sigz زسيگ siggiz زيگس sigz

Lower naqs $ �#` " tnaqqas ��"�ص $ naqs $ā

Lull (a baby)

srurd ورد�% srurud ورود�% srurdā

Listen sfld �Ǒ;% sflid ��Ǒ;% sfldā



M

Magnify sxitr �+��% sxitir ��+�% sxatrā

Make skr �۷% skar �۷ر% skrā

Make money

rbH ] ��9ح trbaH ر9 rbHā

Mark عllm ΚǑ� tعllam مҟ �� llmāع

Marry awl أول tawl ول�� iwlā

Massage kssl \ ẇآ tkssal ل�ẇ۷� ksslā

Measure عbr �� tعbar ر�� brāع

Memorize Hfd$ { ;Z tHfad � ;�ض $ Hfd$ā

Menace ggal g ka آ� گل گا tgalla g ka تگا Dآ�گ gulliā g ka

Mess up krfs ` آ�3 tkrfas �3�۷ص� krfsā

Milk zziy زي tzziy 5ي� zziyā

Make mistake

xd $u $VG xt$t$u $VG xd $iā

Miss (a bus)

izri إزري izrri إزري izriy-i

Mix ššar ر�[ tššur ر$N� ssarā/ššarā

Monitor Hd $u $VZ Ht$t$u $VZ Hd $iā

Move sth smutuy ي$+�% smutuy ي$+�% smutiā

Move residence

mutuy ي$+� tmutuy ي$+�� mutiā

Murder nā 1# nqqa �U# nāiā

N Name g ism گΚ%إ tgga ism تگاΚ%إ giā ism

Near nmili * Ǒ��# tnmili * Ǒ�� nmalaā

Need ixs $s$a �YGإ txs $s $a �Y�� ixs $s$ayi

O

Obey t$aع ع �f tt$aع ع�f t$aعā

Oblige g ddrرعگ ع� عgiā ddr ا₢�رعتگا عtgga ddr ا₢

Observe inniy * * tinniy إ# �� annayā


221 � Tamazight

Occupy amz adāar �=رأ�5 أد tamz adāar �=5 اد��ر umzā adāar

Occur jru و�Q tjru و�F� jeuā

Offer hdu و�ه thdu و�T� hdiā

Old, to get wsir ��%و twsir ��%$� wsirā

Open anf X#أ tanf ��X# unfā

Operate ftH ] +3 tftaH ح �+;� ftHā

Overcome rnu $#ر trnu $#�� rniā

Own mlk ' Ǒ� tmlak كҟ �� mlkā

P

Pacify sfst �ẇ;% sfsta �+ẇ;% sftiā

Pack smutr/jmع ��$�% /4�Q

smutur/tjma+$ر ع�ع/%��F� smutrā/jmعā

pardon samH ] ��% tsamaH ح��ẇ� samHā

part bd $u $V9 bt$t $u $V9 bd $iā

Participate umu $أ� tumu $�� amuā

Pay xlls $ ` ǑG txllas ҟص $ �� xlls $ā

Peel qššr �N" tqššar ر�NU� qššrā

Photograph s $wr ر$� ts $war ار$Y� s $wrā

Pierce ugu و)وأ tugu "H(و ugiā

Plant zzu زو tzzu 5و� zziā

Play lعb p �₢ tlعab ب��Ǒ� lعbā

Please (someone)

jb pع F� tعjab �F��ب jbāع

Plow krz آ�ز krrz آ�ز krzā

Pluck ššnšf XN�[ ššnšaf ف�N�[ ššnšfā

Pour xwu و$G xwwu و$G xwiā

Practice lmd ��₢ tlmmad د��Ǒ� lmdā

Praise škr �۷[ tškar �۷رN� škrā

Pray zzal زال tzalla D5� zzuliā

Precede zwur زوور zggur ور)ز zwarā

Prepare swjd �Q$% swjad د�Q$% swjdā

Press adr أدر tadr در�� udrā

Prevent mn4 ع�� tmnaع ع�� mnعā

Profit snf4 ع;�% snfaع ع�;�% snfعā

Progress zayd s dat س �زا� tzayd s dat 5ا��د س دات� zaydā s dat



داتProhibit sHrm/mnم ع� % /

4�� sHram/tmnaع/% �ام ع�� sHrmā/mnعā

Promise qawl ول �" tqawal وال�U� qawlā

Protect Hd $u $VZ Ht$t$u $VZ Hd $iā

Pull jbd ��Q jbbd ��Q jbdā

Punish wt وت kkat تآ� wtā

Push dHi * Zد dHHi * Zد dHiā

Push a button

adr أدر tadr در�� udrā

Put (down) srs س�% siris ��% sirsā

Put out (light)

sxsi * ẇ�% sxsay ي�ẇ�% sxsiā

Put together (from parts)

zdiy زدي zddiy زدي zdiyā

Q

Quarel nnaā غ�# tnnaā �غ�� nnaā

Quiet, to make

sfst �ẇ;% sfsta �+ẇ;% sfstiā

Quiet fst �ẇ3 tfsta �+ẇ;� fstiā

R

Rain iwt unzar أ#5ارإوت kkat unzar أ#5ارآ�ت ---

Raise sbd ��% sbdda ا��% sbdiā

Raise children

sxitr iširan إ]�ان �+��% sxitir iširran

��+��% sxatrā iširran

Reach awd$ أوض tawd$ ��وض iwd$ā

Read ār �= qqar ر�" āriā

Receive amz 5أ� tamz 5�� umzā

Recognise akz 5أآ takz 5آ�� ukzā

Record sjjl \ F% tsjjal ل�Fẇ� sjjlā

Reduce naqs ` "�# tnaqqas ص�U�� naqsā

Refuse ur iri أور إري ur tiri أور��ي ur riā


223 � Tamazight

(not want)

Regret ndm م�# tndam ام�� ndmā

Relax swunfu $;#و$% swunfu $;#و$% swunfiā

Release rzm رزم rzzm رزم rzmā

Remain qqim Κ� " tqqima ��U� qqimā

Remember عqql \ U� tعqqal �U��ل qqalāع

Remind sktiy * +۷% sktay ۷+�ي% sktiyā

Remove kks آ� tkks �۷� kksā

Renew jddd د�Q tjddad اد�F� jdd'dā

Rent kru آ�و krru آ�و kriā

Repair عdl ل��ل ddlع �� skrā

Repeat عawd ود�� tعawad ��واد awdāع

Repent tub ب$� --- vvvv tubā

Reply jawb وب�Q tjawab واب�F� jawbā

Request ttr �� t'ttr �+� ttrā

Resemble aā غ� taā غ�� aā

Rest swunfu $;#و$% swunfu $;#و$% swunfiā

Retire amz lintrit ��+�₢ 5أ� tamz lintrit

₢5��+� umzā lintrit

Return عayd �� tعayad د�� aydāع

Return something

rar رار trara ارا�� ruriā

Ride ni * # tnuy ي$�� niā

Ride, to give

sni * �% snuy ي$�% sniā

Rinse slil \ �Ǒ% slili * Ǒ�Ǒ% slilā

Rise (sun) ali * * tali أ₢ ₢�� uliā

Rise (get up)

nkr �۷# nkkr �۷# nkrā

Rot xmj ��G txmaj ج�� xmjā

Round, to go

d $ur دور td $ur ر$V� d $urā

Rub mri ي�� mrri ي�� mriā

Run rwl رول rggl \ rwlā رڭ

Run away azl أزل tazla Dز�� uzliā

Run out of ismar ر��إ% tsmur ر$�ẇ� ---

Rush sdrf رف�% sdrruf روف�% sdrfā



S

Save Hd $u $VZ Ht$t$u $VZ Hd $iā

Say ini * * tini إ# �� niā

Scratch kmz 5�آ kmmz 5�آ kmzā

Scream sāuy ي$<% sāuyu $�$<% sāuyiā

See inniy * * tinniy إ#� �� annayā

See one another

myinniy * �� tmyinniy * �� myannayā

Sell znz 5#ز znza 5#از znziā

Send azn أزن tazn زن�� uznā

Separate bd $u $V9 bt$t $u $V9 bd $iā

Serve srba �9�% tsrba �9�ẇ� srbaā

Set a bone (close)

qqn ( " tqqn ( U� qqnā

Settle zdā زدغ zdā زدغ zdā

Sew gnu ("? gnnu ("? gniā

Shake ssur/ššur ر/ %$ر$[ tsur/tššur ر$ẇ��N$ر/ sarā/ššarā

Shake hands with/greet

each other

msllam مҟ ẇ� tmsllam مҟ ẇ�� msllamā

Shave Hssn ( ẇZ Hssn ( ẇZ ārnā

Sharpen šwu و$[ šwu و$[ šwiā

Shepherd ks آ� kssa �ẇآ ksiā

Shine sfliliy * Ǒ�Ǒ;% sfliliy * Ǒ�Ǒ;% --

Shiver rgigi * ��ڭ�ڭ trgigi رڭ�ڭ* rgigiā

Shorten smziy * �5�% smzay 5اي�% smziyā

Shout sāuy ي$<% sāuyu $�$<% sāuyiā

Show snعt ��% snعat ��%ت snعtā

Shut qqn ( " tqqn ( U� qqnā

Shut up fst �ẇ3 tfsta �+ẇ;� fstiā

Sift ssif X �% ssifif X �;% ssifā

Sign snya ��% tsnya ��ẇ� snyaā

Silence sfst �ẇ;% sfsta �+ẇ;% sfstiā

Simplify suhn ( ه $% suhan ه�ن $% suhnā

Sit qqim Κ�" tqqima ��U� qqimā

Skin ks abt$t$an �W9نآ� أ tkks abt $t$an

��۷ أW9�ن ksā abt$t$an


225 � Tamazight

Slaughter ārs س�= ārrs س�= ārsā

Sleep gn نگ ggan نگا gnā

Slide ššd$ { [ tššd$ { N� ššd$ā

Smear ams أ�� tams �� umsā

Smell kd$u $Vآ kt$t$u $Vآ kd$iā

Smile t$s �f t$ssa �Y� t$siā

Smoke kmi * آ� kmmi * آ� kmiā

Sneeze wt tinzi 5ي��آ�ت ��5ي kkat tinzi وت wtiā tinzi

Solder lHm Κ ₢ tlHam � Ǒ�م lHmā

Speak sawl �%ول sawal �%وال sawlā

Spend money

sxsr l-flus �ẇ�% ₢;Ǒ$سا

sxsar l-flus

�%ẇ� ر ا₢;Ǒ$س

sxsrā l-flus

Spend the night

ns �# nssa �ẇ# nsiā

Spend time zri luqt �"$₢ زري zrri luqt �"$₢ زري zrriā luqt

Spin llm Κ₢ tllm ΚǑ� llmā

Spit sutf $%�X sutf $%X � sutfā

Spoil sxsr �%Y� sxsar ر�Y�% sxsrā

Squat qqim xf tiāiāiyin

" XG Κ�( �<�<�

tqqima xf tiāiāiyin

XG ��U�( �<�<��

qqimā xf tiāiāiyin

Squeeze zm زم zmma ��ز zmiā

Stand bdd �9 tbdda ا�� bddiā

Start bdu و�9 bddu و�9 bdiā

Startle sduy وي�% sduy وي�% sduyā

Stay qqim Κ�" tqqim Κ�U� qqimā

Stay up late

muyd ��$� tmuyud د$�$�� muydā

Steal akr اآ� takr آ�� ukrā

Step on akl xf/ عfs \ أآXG/�;�

takl xf/ fsع

XG \ ��آ uklā xf

Sting qqs �" tqqs �U� qqsā

Stink xmj ��G txmaj ��ج xmjā

Stir Hrrk ك�Z tHrrak ا� �ك Hrrkā

Stop bdd �9 tbdda ا�� bddiā

Store xzn 5نG txzan 5ان�� xznā

Strangle zlg لگز tzlag D5�گ zlgā

Stretch mldiy * ��Ǒ� tmlday اي�Ǒ�� mldiyā



Study ār �= qqar ر�" āriā

Succeed njH ] F# tnjaH �F��ح njHā

Suck ssum م$% ssumum م$�% ssumiā

Sunbathe rā tafuyt ��$3�� rqqa رغ tafuyt

��3$��ر"� rāiā tafuyt

Swallow srd$ ض�% srrd$ ض�% srd$ā

Swear ggal لگا tgalla تگاD gguliā

Sweat عrg گ�� tعraq اق�� rgāع

Sweep frd$ �3ض frrd$ �3ض frd$ā

Swell bziy * �59 bzziy 59ي bziyā

Swim عum/ ššf م$� /X [ tعum/ tššf م$�� /XN� ššfā / umāع

Switch (off)

sxsi * ẇ�% sxsay �%�ẇي sxsiā

Switch (on)

ssiā 1�% ssiāi * <% ssiā

T

Take asi * �� tasi أ%* % usiā

Take away kks /awi أوي/آ� tkks/tawi �۷��وي/ kksā/iwiā

Take care of

thlla ҟ T� thlla ҟ T� thllaā

Take charge of

kllf XǑآ tkllaf فҟ ۷� kllfā

Talk sawl ول�% sawal وال�% sawlā

Tape (record)

sjjl \ F% tsjjal \ Fẇ� sjjlā

Tape (scotch)

ls $s $q ^Y₢ tls $s $aq ق�YǑ� ls $s $qā

Taste md$i/arm * V�/أرم tmd $ay/tarm * V��رم/ md$iā/urmā

Teach sār �<% sāra ا�<% sāriā

Tear (something)

bbi * 9 tbbi * �� bbiā

Tease tflla ҟ ;� tflla ҟ ;� tfllaā

Telephone (call)

g ttilifun نگ$;�Ǒ+₢ا tgga ttilifun

��Ǒ;$نتگا giā ttilifun

Tell ini * * tini إ# �� niā


227 � Tamazight

Tempt g lārr ا₢>�گ tgga lārr ا₢>�تگا giā lārr

Tend house qqabl �"\ 9 tqqabal �9�U�ل qqablā

Think xxm'm Κ�G txmmam ��م xmm'mā

Think (an opion)

āal �=ل tāal �<�ل āalā

Threaten (someone)

ggal g گل گا tgalla g تگا Dگ gulliā g

Thresh srwt وت�% srwat وات�% srwtā

Throw zrd$ زرض zrrd$ زرض zrd$ā

Tickle g tiglgad $ (A(,گ ض tgga tiglgad ض,)A) تگا $ giā tiglgad $

Tie Hzzm 5مZ tHzzam 5ام � Hzmā

Tie (belt) Hzzm 5مZ tHzzam 5ام � Hzmā

Tighten zyyr �ز� tzyyar 5��ر� zyyrā

Tired, to be

wHl \ Zو twHal �Z$�ل wHlā

Tired, to make

swHl \ Z$% swHal �Z$%ل swHlā

Torture عddb ب �� tعddab اب�� ddbāع

Touch ggr رگ tggar رتگا ggrā

Travel safr �%�3 tsafar �ẇ��3ر safrā

Trick skr t i ka �۷% آ� إت skar t i ka إ آ� %�۷ر ت skrā t i ka

Trust amn ( ) tamn أ� �� umnā

Try on arm أرم tarm رم �� urmā

Turn down (volume)

naqs #�` " tnaqas ��"�ص naqsā

Turn over snqlb p ǑU+% snqlab بҟ U�% snqlbā

Twist smund$ { #$�% smunud$ ض$#$�% smund$ā

U Understand fhm ΚT3 tfham م�T;� fhmā

Understood, to make

sfhm ΚT;% sfham م�T;% sfhmā

Upset (somone)

sqllq قҟ U% sqllaq قҟ U% sqllqā

Upset, to be

qllq ^Ǒ" tqllaq قҟ U� qllqā



Used to, to become

walf X₢وا twalaf فDا$� walfā

V

Vaccinate jlb p ǑQ tjlab بҟ F� jlbā

Visit (saint)

zur زور tzur 5ور� zurā

Vomit rar رار trara ارا�� ruriā

W

Wait qql "\ tqql U�\ qqlā

Wake someone

snkr �۷�% snkar �۷ر�% snkrā

Wake up nkr �۷# nkkr ۷#� nkrā

Walk (go) ddu دو tddu و�� ddiā

Want iri إري tiri ي�� riā

Warm, heat

sHmu $� % sHmu $� % sHmiā

Warm, to be

Hmu $�Z Hmmu $�Z Hmiā

Warn عlm ΚǑ� عllm ΚǑ� عlmā

Water (something)

ssuw $% sswa ا$% swiā

Wash sird د��% sirid ��% sirdā

Waste sxsr �Y�% sxsar ر�Y�% sxsrā

Watch frrj �3ج tfrraj اج�;� frrjā

Wave šyyr ��[ tšyyar ��رN� šyyrā

Wear ls �₢ lssa �ẇ₢ lsiā

Weary mmt �� tmmtat ت�+�� mmutā

Weave gr ast$t$a �گW%ر أ ggar ast$t$a �گاW%ر ا griā ast$t$a

Weep al أل talla D�� ulliā

Weigh عbr �� tعbar ر�� brāع

Welcome rHHb p Zر trHHab �Z��ب rHHbā

Well, to be jiy * Q tjjiy * F� jiyā

Whistle s $ffr �;� ts $ffar ر�;Y� sinśgā


229 � Tamazight

Widen sws4 ع%$% swsaع ع�%$% swsعā

Win rbH ] ح�trbaH �9� ر9 rbHā

Wipe off sfd$ { ;% sffd$ { ;% sfd$ā

Wipe dry zwu زوو zggu وگز zwiā

Wish tmnna �� tmnna �� tmnnaā

Wither sllaw وҟ % tslliw وҟ ẇ� ---

Witness šhd �T[ tšhad �TN�د šhdā

Wonder at rعb p ب�� abعtr ر� rعbā

Work xdm م�G xddm م�G xdmā

Worry qllq ^Ǒ" tqllaq قҟ U� qllqā

Wormy, to get

nkr dig.. ibxušn

E<? گد#.. Q"LMإa

nkkr dig.. ibxušn

E<?گد#.. aQ"LMإ

---

Worth, to be

swa ا$% swa ا$% swiā

Wound jrH ح�Q jrrH ح�Q jrHā

Write uru أرو turu رو$� aruā

Y

Yawn fa �3 tfa �;� faā


Nom du document : TAMAZIGHT 2007 12 Répertoire : C:\Documents and

Settings\Administrateur\Bureau\Tamazight calque Modèle : C:\Documents and Settings\Administrateur\Application

Data\Microsoft\Modèles\Normal.dot Titre : Sujet : Auteur : Mots clés : Commentaires : Date de création : 27/11/2007 10:44:00 N° de révision : 61 Dernier enregistr. le : 27/08/2008 20:46:00 Dernier enregistrement par : user Temps total d'édition : 566 Minutes Dernière impression sur : 27/08/2008 20:55:00 Tel qu'à la dernière impression Nombre de pages : 229 Nombre de mots : 36 857 (approx.) Nombre de caractères : 202 717 (approx.)
