table of contents student edition and teacher’s edition...

Prentice Hall Writing and Grammar Teacher’s Edition Grade 12 © 2008 Correlated to:

Prentice Hall Literature Grade 12 © 2010

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Prentice Hall Writing and Grammar, Teacher’s Edition Grade 12 © 2008


Table of Contents Student Edition and Teacher’s Edition

PART 1: Writing, 1 Chapter 1: The Writer in You, 2 Writing in Everyday Life, 2 Writing Workshop: Reflecting on Your Writing,

221, 449, 701, 927, 1107, 1475; Workplace Writing, R35–R42

Why Write?, 3 Purpose, consider, 177, 189; Reflecting on Your Writing, 221, 449, 701, 927, 1107, 1475; also see: Topic, choose/narrow, 121, 215, 306, 443, 645, 695, 921, 932, 1097, 1112, 1206, 1243, 1270, 1357, 1469

Developing Your Writing Life, 3 The Prentice Hall Literature program incorporates in every unit opportunities to communicate students’ thoughts, opinions, and knowledge through writing activities. Writing Workshop: Autobiographical narrative, 214–221, Persuasive essay, 442–449, Reflective essay, 694–701, Multimedia presentation, 920–927, Research: historical investigation, 1096–1107, Narration: short story, 1468–1475 Writing Lesson, 66, 121, 136, 153, 197, 262, 271, 280, 306, 341, 377, 398, 418, 492, 502, 538, 597, 627, 645, 663, 745, 754, 766, 794, 851, 865, 879, 879, 894, 975, 988, 1008, 1051, 1084, 1095, 1186, 1206, 1243, 1270, 1307, 1431

What Are the Qualities of Good Writing?, 7 Writing Workshop: Reflecting on Your Writing & Rubric for Self-Assessment, 221, 449, 701, 927, 1107, 1475; Guide to Rubrics, R43–R46

Reflecting on Your Writing, 7 Writing Workshop: Reflecting on Your Writing, 221, 449, 701, 927, 1107, 1475

Spotlight on the Humanities: meaning communicated in the arts, 8

Cultural Connection: Folk ballads, 205, Stagecraft at the Globe, 369; Literature in Context: The sound of medieval music, 211, The Greek chorus and players, 424, Fashions of the times, 640, Dylan Thomas and poetry in performance, 1391; Close-up on Art: Values of Empire and the Values of Art, 947; History Connection: The real Macbeth, 408; Science Connection: Anglo-Saxon metalwork, 54; Essential Question Workshops: Annotated Film Database 455

Media and Technology Skills: word–processing, 9 21st Century Skills, R47–R52; Research and Technology Handbook, R53–R54; also see: Writing Workshop: Multimedia Presentation, 920–927, Publishing and Presenting, 1475; Research and Technology: Brochure, 248; Writing Lesson: Internet Publication, 701



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Chapter 2: A Walk Through the Writing Process, 12

2.1 What Is Prewriting?, 14 Writing Workshop: Prewriting, 215, 443, 695, 921, 1097, 1469; Writing Lesson: Prewriting, 66, 121, 136, 153, 197, 226, 262, 271, 280, 306, 341, 359, 377, 398, 418, 454, 492, 502, 538, 597, 627, 645, 663, 706, 706, 745, 754, 766, 794, 851, 865, 879, 894, 932, 975, 988, 1008, 1051, 1084, 1095, 1112, 1150, 1168, 1186, 1206, 1243, 1270, 1279, 1307, 1357, 1431

2.2 What Is Drafting?, 18 Writing Workshop: Drafting, 216, 444, 696, 922, 1098, 1470; Writing Lesson: Drafting, 66, 121, 136, 153, 197, 226, 262, 271, 280, 306, 341, 359, 377, 398, 418, 454, 492, 502, 538, 597, 627, 645, 663, 706, 706, 745, 754, 766, 794, 851, 865, 879, 894, 932, 975, 988, 1008, 1051, 1084, 1095, 1112, 1150, 1168, 1186, 1206, 1243, 1270, 1279, 1307, 1357, 1431

2.3 What Is Revising?, 19 Writing Workshop: Revising, 218, 446, 698, 924, 1100, 1472; Writing Lesson: Revising, 66, 121, 136, 153, 197, 262, 271, 280, 306, 341, 377, 398, 418, 492, 502, 538, 597, 627, 645, 663, 745, 754, 766, 794, 851, 865, 879, 879, 894, 975, 988, 1008, 1051, 1084, 1095, 1186, 1206, 1243, 1270, 1307, 1431

2.4 What Are Editing and Proofreading?, 22 Editing / proofreading, 221, 449, 701, 927, 1107, 1475; also see: Grammar, Usage and Mechanics, 67, 154, 263, 419, 493, 503, 539, 755, 767, 795, 1009, 1085, 1151, 1169, 1207, 1339; Grammar, Usage and Mechanics Handbook, R58–R65

2.5 What Are Publishing and presenting, 23 Writing Workshop: Publishing, 221, 449, 701, 927, 1107, 1475

Spotlight on the Humanities: evaluating photographic techniques, 24

For related activities see: Close-up on Art: Values of Empire and the Values of Art, 947

Media and Technology Skills: building electronic portfolio, 25

Writing Workshop: Multimedia Presentation, 920–927, Publishing and Presenting, 1475; also see: Essential Question Workshops: Multimedia Report/Presentation, 227, Annotated Film Database 455, Slideshow, 933, Documentary 1481; Research and Technology: Brochure, 248; Writing Lesson: Multimedia Presentation Plan, 627, 1365, Internet Publication, 701; 21st Century Skills, R47–R52; Research and Technology Handbook, R53–R54



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Chapter 3: Sentences, Paragraphs, and Compositions: Structure and , Style 28

3.1 Sentence Combining, 29 Writer's Toolbox: Sentence fluency, 1099, 1473; Sentences, R60–R61; also see: Test-Taking Practice: Writing, Identifying Sentence Errors, 460; Improving Sentences, 938; Sentence order, normal/inverted, 1339

3.2 Writing Effective Paragraphs, 33 Writing, Improving Paragraphs, 1486; Handbook: Paragraph Structure, R60–R61

3.3 Paragraphs in Essays and Other Compositions, 37

Writing, Improving Paragraphs, 1486; Handbook: Paragraph Structure, R60–R61

3.4 Writing Style, 42 Stylistic devices, apply, 645; Style guide, 1008; Style, develop, 1099; also see: Writer's Toolbox: Word choice, 219, Voice, 699, 925

Spotlight on the Humanities: cultural history through the arts (Greek drama), 44

Literature in Context: The Greek chorus and players, 424

Media and Technology Skills: conducting media survey, 45

Communication Workshop: Political advertisement (non-print) analyze, 928–929, Entertainment Media, analyze, 1108–1109, Media coverage of same event, analyze, 1476–1477

Chapter 4: Narration: Autobiographical Writing, 48

Writing Workshop: Autobiographical Narrative, 214–221

4.1 Model From Literature, 50 Professional Model, 217; Student Model, 220 4.2 Prewriting, 54 Prewriting, 215 4.3 Drafting, 58 Drafting, 216 4.4 Revising, 60 Revising, 218 Peer Review, 63 Peer Review, 218 4.5 Editing and Proofreading, 64 Editing and Proofreading, 221 Focusing on Correct Spelling, 64 Spelling errors, 221, 449, 701, 1107, 1475;

Grammar and spelling, check, 538, 794, 1206 4.6 Publishing and Presenting, 65 Publishing and Presenting, 221 Building Your Portfolio, 65 Publishing and Presenting, 221 Reflecting on Your Writing, 65 Reflecting on Your Writing, 221 Rubric for Self-Assessment, 65 Rubric for Self-Assessment, 221 Connected Assignment: Firsthand Biography, 69 Biographical narrative plan, 492; Biographical

essay, 975, 1480; Biographical sketch, 1357



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Spotlight on the Humanities: media portrayals of a character (film—Throne of Blood), 70

Literary History: The Elizabethan Theater, 310–311; Shakespeare on Film, 312–312; Contemporary Commentary, 314–315; Author in Depth: William Shakespeare, 316–319; Shakespeare’s Sources: Macbeth, 320; Elizabethan drama, 314, 321, 325, 327, 328, 333, 334, 337, 340; Shakespearean tragedy, 400, 403, 404, 406, 407, 409, 411, 416; History Connection: The real Macbeth, 408

Media and Technology Skills: conveying messages using visuals, 71

Writing Workshop: Multimedia Presentation, 920–927, Publishing and Presenting, 1475; also see: Essential Question Workshops: Multimedia Report/Presentation, 227, Slideshow, 933, Documentary 1481; Research and Technology: Brochure, 248; Writing Lesson: Multimedia Presentation Plan, 627, 1365

Chapter 5: Narration: Short Story, 74 Writing Workshop: Short Story, 1468–1475 5.1 Model From Literature, 76 Professional Model, 1471; Student Model, 1474 5.2 Prewriting, 78 Prewriting, 1469 5.3 Drafting, 82 Drafting, 1470 5.4 Revising, 84 Revising, 1472 Peer Review, 87 Peer Review, 1472 5.5 Editing and Proofreading, 88 Editing and Proofreading, 1475 Focusing on Punctuation, 88 Dialogue, punctuate effectively, 1473; Direct

quotation, R64 5.6 Publishing and Presenting, 89 Publishing and Presenting, 1475 Building Your Portfolio, 89 Publishing and Presenting, 1475 Reflecting on Your Writing, 89 Reflecting on Your Writing, 1475 Rubric for Self-Assessment, 89 Rubric for Self-Assessment, 1475 Connected Assignment: Drama, 92 Soliloquy, 377 Spotlight on the Humanities: making connections in the arts (Theater—Noel Coward), 94

Focus on Literary Forms: Drama, 308–309

Media and Technology Skills: video adaptation, 95 Writing Workshop: Multimedia Presentation, 920–927; also see: Essential Question Workshops: Slideshow, 933, Documentary 1481; Writing Lesson: Multimedia Presentation Plan, 627, 1365



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Chapter 6: Description, 98 6.1 Model From Literature, 100 6.2 Prewriting, 102 6.3 Drafting, 106 6.4 Revising, 108 Peer Review, 112 6.5 Editing and Proofreading, 113 Focusing on Mechanics, 113 6.6 Publishing and Proofreading, 114 Building Your Portfolio, 114 Reflecting on Your Writing, 114 Rubric for Self-Assessment, 114

Qualifications, describe, 66; Key descriptions, expand, 696; Description, include, 1270; Descriptive language, use, 1472 Punctuation tip/commas, 67, 154, 263, 419, 755; Commas, R63

Connected Assignment: Poem, 117 Poem, 1186 Spotlight on the Humanities: appreciating art (Art Deco), 118

Close-up on Art: Values of Empire and the Values of Art, 947

Media and Technology Skills: analyzing propaganda, 119

Communication Workshop: Political advertisement (non-print) analyze, 928–929

Chapter 7: Persuasion: Persuasive Speech, 122

Writing Workshop: Persuasive Essay, 442–449

7.1 Model From Literature, 124 Professional Model, 445; Student Model, 448 7.2 Prewriting, 126 Prewriting, 443 7.3 Drafting, 132 Drafting, 444 7.4 Revising, 133 Revising, 446 Peer Review, 137 Peer Review, 446 7.5 Editing and Proofreading, 138 Editing and Proofreading, 448 Focusing on Commonly Mistaken Words, 138 Commonly Confused Words, R62–R63 7.6 Publishing and Presenting, 139 Publishing and Presenting, 448 Building Your Portfolio, 139 Publishing and Presenting, 448 Reflecting on Your Writing, 139 Reflecting on Your Writing, 448 Rubric for Self-Assessment, 139 Rubric for Self-Assessment, 448 Connected Assignment: Editorial , 142 Editorial, 32, 663 Spotlight on the Humanities: appreciating the arts (Patron of the Arts—Isabella Gardner), 144


Media and Technology Skills: evaluating Internet advertising, 145

Communication Workshop: Political advertisement (non-print) analyze, 928–929, Entertainment Media, analyze, 1108–1109, Media coverage of same event, analyze, 1476–1477



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Chapter 8: Persuasion: Advertisement, 148 8.1 Model From Literature, 150 8.2 Prewriting, 151 8.3 Drafting, 155 8.4 Revising, 156 Peer Review, 158 8.5 Editing and Proofreading, 159 Focusing on Dates and Times, 159 8.6 Publishing and Presenting, 160 Building Your Portfolio, 160 Reflecting on Your Writing, 160 Rubric for Self-Assessment, 160 Connected Assignment: Ad Campaign, 162

Magazine advertisement, 1443; also see: Publishing/presenting: Advertising campaign, 449

Spotlight on the Humanities: recognizing connections (film--Camille), 164

Essential Question Workshops: Annotated Film Database 455; Research and Technology: Annotated filmography, 730

Media and Technology Skills: enhancing video, 165

Writing Workshop: Multimedia Presentation, 920–927; also see: Essential Question Workshops: Slideshow, 933

Chapter 9: Exposition: Comparison-and-Contrast Essay, 168

9.1 Model From Literature, 170 9.2 Prewriting, 174 9.3 Drafting, 178 9.4 Revising, 180 Peer Review, 184 9.5 Editing and Proofreading, 185 Focusing on Punctuation, 185 9.6 Publishing and Presenting, 186 Building Your Portfolio, 186 Reflecting on Your Writing, 186 Rubric for Self-Assessment, 186

Response to literature: comparison and contrast, 166, 435, 809, multi-genre, 1168, reflection on Romanticism, 932; Writing to Compare Literary Works: perspectives on home, 226, reply poems, 271, epic settings, 551, social criticism, 1021, stream of consciousness, 1215 Coordinating conjunctions, 67; Compound sentences, R60; also see: Grammar and Style Lesson: Using Coordinating Conjunctions, 67; Subordinating Conjunctions, 263; Grammar, Usage, and Mechanics Handbook: Sentence Structure, R60

Connected Assignment: Consumer Report, 189 Informational Texts: technical documents: technical article, press release, 1454–1459; also see: Brochure, 248

Spotlight on the Humanities: connecting themes in the arts (film--Pygmalion), 190


Media and Technology Skills: comparing newspapers' editorial positions, 191

Editorial, 32, 663; Communication Workshop: Political advertisement (non-print) analyze, 928–929, media coverage of same event, analyze, 1476–1477



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Chapter 10: Exposition: Cause-and-Effect Essay, 194

Note: Please see the Historical Investigation Report provides students with an opportunity to look back at the causes and effects of historical events. Writing Workshop: Research: historical investigation, 1096–1107

10.1 Model From Literature, 196 Professional Models, 1101; Student Models, 1104–1106

10.2 Prewriting, 198 Prewriting, 1097 10.3 Drafting, 202 Drafting, 1098 10.4 Revising, 204 Revising, 1100 Peer Review, 207 Peer Review, 1100 10.5 Editing and Proofreading, 208 Editing and Proofreading, 1107 Focusing on Which and That, 208 For related information see: Commonly Confused

Words, R62–R63 10.6 Publishing and Presenting, 209 Publishing and Presenting, 1107 Building Your Portfolio, 209 Publishing and Presenting, 1107 Reflecting on Your Writing, 209 Reflecting on Your Writing, 1107 Rubric for Self-Assessment, 209 Rubric for Self-Assessment, 1107 Connected Assignment: Documentary, 212 Documentary, 1481 Spotlight on the Humanities: appreciating music (Ralph Vaughn Williams), 214

Cultural Connection: Folk ballads, 205; Literature in Context: The sound of medieval music, 211

Media and Technology Skills: effect of media on perceptions of reality, 215


Chapter 11: Exposition: Problem-and-Solution Essay, 218

11.1 Model From Literature, 220 11.2 Prewriting, 224 11.3 Drafting, 228 11.4 Revising, 230 Peer Review, 234 11.5 Editing and Proofreading, 235 Focusing on Punctuation, 235 11.6 Publishing and Presenting, 236 Building Your Portfolio, 236 Reflecting on Your Writing, 236 Rubric for Self-Assessment, 236

Problem-and-solution essay, 1338; also see: Public service announcement, 514; Report/recommendation, 817, 988, 1038 Dashes, Parentheses, Brackets, and Hyphens, R64

Connected Assignment: Proposal, 240 Report/recommendation, 817, 988, 1038; also see: Position statement, Timed Writing, 233, 461, 939, 1487; Public service announcement, 514; Problem-and-solution essay, 1338

Spotlight on the Humanities: recognizing inspirations for art (film—A Room with a View), 242




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Media and Technology Skills: rating help resources, 243

21st Century Skills, R47–R52; Research and Technology Handbook, R53–R54

Chapter 12: Research: Documented Essay, 246

Writing Workshop: Research: historical investigation, 1096–1107


12.2 Prewriting, 252 Prewriting, 1097 12.3 Drafting, 257 Drafting, 1098 12.4 Revising, 259 Revising, 1100 Peer Review, 264 Peer Review, 1100 12.5 Editing and Proofreading, 265 Editing and Proofreading, 1107 Focusing on Quotation Marks, 265 Providing Appropriate Citations, 1102–1103;

Works-Cited List, 1107; Cite Supporting Details, 1279, 1431; Citing Sources and Preparing Manuscript, R21–R23; also see: Annotated Bibliography, 879, 1008, 1461

12.6 Publishing and Presenting, 266 Publishing and Presenting, 1107 Building Your Portfolio, 266 Publishing and Presenting, 1107 Reflecting on Your Writing, 266 Reflecting on Your Writing, 1107 Rubric for Self-Assessment, 266 Rubric for Self-Assessment, 1107 Connected Assignment: Statistical Report, 269 Database, 455 Spotlight on the Humanities: examining messages in film (film—Grand Illusion), 270


Media and Technology Skills: filming a video documentary, 271

Documentary, 1481

Chapter 13: Research: Research Paper, 274 Writing Workshop: Research: historical investigation, 1096–1107


13.2 Prewriting, 280 Prewriting, 1097 13.3 Drafting, 286 Drafting, 1098 13.4 Revising, 289 Revising, 1100 Peer Review, 293 Peer Review, 1100 13.5 Editing and Proofreading, 294 Editing and Proofreading, 1107 Focusing on Formatting, 294 Providing Appropriate Citations, 1102–1103;


13.6 Publishing and Presenting, 296 Publishing and Presenting, 1107 Building Your Portfolio, 296 Publishing and Presenting, 1107



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Reflecting on Your Writing, 296 Reflecting on Your Writing, 1107 Rubric for Self-Assessment, 296 Rubric for Self-Assessment, 1107 Connected Assignment: Multimedia Report, 300 Writing Workshop: Multimedia Presentation, 920–

927, Publishing and Presenting, 1475; also see: Essential Question Workshops: Multimedia Report/Presentation, 227, Annotated Film Database 455, Slideshow, 933, Documentary 1481; Research and Technology: Brochure, 248; Writing Lesson: Multimedia Presentation Plan, 627, 1365, Internet Publication, 701

Spotlight on the Humanities: recognizing art forms (theater—Agnes de Mille), 302

Focus on Literary Forms: Drama, 308–309

Media and Technology Skills: evaluating On–line Resources, 303

21st Century Skills, R47–R52; Research and Technology Handbook, R53–R54

Chapter 14: Response to Literature, 306 14.1 Model From Literature, 308 14.2 Prewriting, 310 14.3 Drafting, 315 14.4 Revising, 317 Peer Review, 320 14.5 Editing and Proofreading, 321 Focusing on Proofreading, 321 14.6 Publishing and Presenting, 322 Building Your Portfolio, 322 Reflecting on Your Writing, 322 Rubric for Self-Assessment, 322

Response to literature, 153, 166, 280, 359, 435, 454, 538, 809, 851, 894, 932, 1051, 1084, 1150, 1168, 1206, 1243, 1270, 1307; Response to literary criticism, 418, 502, 794, 1279

Connected Assignment: Music Review, 325 Cultural Connection: Folk ballads, 205; Literature in Context: The sound of medieval music, 211

Spotlight on the Humanities: examining various media (music—tone poems), 326


Media and Technology Skills: video adaptation, 327

Writing Workshop: Multimedia Presentation, 920–927; also see: Essential Question Workshops: Multimedia Report/Presentation, 227, Slideshow, 933, Documentary 1481

Chapter 15: Writing for Assessment, 330 15.1 Prewriting, 332 15.2 Drafting, 334 15.3 Revising, 336 15.4 Editing and Proofreading, 338 Focusing on Spelling, 338 15.5 Publishing and Presenting, 339 Building Your Portfolio, 339 Reflecting on Your Writing, 339 Rubric for Self-Assessment, 339

Test Practice: Timed Writing, 75, 213, 291, 441, 461, 581, 603, 713, 817, 909, 939, 1027, 1070, 1119, 1295, 1459, 1487

Connected Assignment: Open-Book Test, 342 Test Practice: Timed Writing, 75, 213, 291, 441, 461, 581, 603, 713, 817, 909, 939, 1027, 1070, 1119, 1295, 1459, 1487



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Spotlight on the Humanities: understanding history through media (photography—Edward S. Curtis), 344


Media and Technology Skills: sharing test–taking strategies, 345

Test Practice: Timed Writing, 75, 213, 291, 441, 461, 581, 603, 713, 817, 909, 939, 1027, 1070, 1119, 1295, 1459, 1487

Chapter 16: Workplace Writing, 348 16.1 Business Letter, 350 Letter of recommendation, 1095; Write a Business

Letter, R38 16.2 Memo, 352 Workplace Writing: Business memo, 89, R39 16.3 Resume, 354 Workplace Writing: Cover Letter, R35, Resume,

R36 16.4 Forms and Applications, 356 Job application, 66, R37 Connected Assignment: E-mail, 358 Workplace Writing: E-mail, 919, R40 Spotlight on the Humanities: comparing art forms (film—Luis Buñuel), 360


Media and Technology Skills: using business technology, 361

21st Century Skills, R47–R52; Research and Technology Handbook, R53–R54; also see: Workplace Writing: Cover Letter, R35, Resume, R36, Job Application, R37, Write a Business Letter, R38, Memo, R39, Email, R40, Meeting minutes, R41, Technical Writing, R42

PART 2: Grammar, Usage, and Mechanics, 364 Chapter 17: The Parts of Speech, 366 17.1 Nouns and Pronouns, 368 Nouns and Pronoun, R58; also see: Noun clause,

1151 17.2 Verbs, 379 Verbs, active/passive voice, 1085; Verb, 1115,

R59 17.3 Adjectives and Adverbs, 386 Adjective: connotation/denotation, 152,

descriptive, 417, comparative, superlative, 493; Adjectival modifier, 1169; Adjectives and Adverbs, R59

17.4 Preposition, Conjunctions, and Interjections, 394

Conjunction, 67, 154; Preposition, and Interjections, R59

17.5 Reviewing Parts of Speech, 402 Parts of Speech, R58–R59; also see: Conjunction, 67, 154; Adjective: connotation/denotation, 152, descriptive, 417, comparative, superlative, 493; Verbs, active/passive voice, 1085; Noun clause, 1151 Adjectival modifier, 1169

Chapter 18: Basic Sentence Parts, 410 18.1 Subjects and Predicates, 412 Subject and predicate, R60; also see:

Subject/verb agreement, 767



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18.2 Hard-to-Find Subjects, 420 Subject and predicate, R60; also see: Subject/verb agreement, 767

18.3 Complements, 426 Complements, R60 Chapter 19: Phrases and Clauses, 438 19.1 Prepositional Phrases and Appositives, 440 Prepositional Phrases and Appositives, R59 19.2 Verbals and Verbal Phrases, 446 Verbals and Verbal Phrases,503, R59–R60 19.3 Clauses, 458 Adverb clause, 419; Clauses, R60 19.4 Sentences Classified by Structure, 468 Sentence Structure, R60; also see: Writing,

Identifying Sentence Errors, 460; Improving Sentences, 938; Writer's Toolbox: Sentence fluency, 1099, 1473; Sentence order, normal/inverted, 1339; also see: Grammar and Style Lesson: Using Coordinating Conjunctions, 67; Subordinating Conjunctions, 263; Adjective and Adverb Clauses, 419; Comparative and Superlative Adjectives and Adverbs, 493

Chapter 20: Effective Sentences, 478 20.1 The Four Functions of a Sentence, 480 Sentence Structure, R60; also see: Writing,

Identifying Sentence Errors, 460; Improving Sentences, 938; Writer's Toolbox: Sentence fluency, 1099, 1473; Sentence order, normal/inverted, 1339; also see: Grammar and Style Lesson: Using Coordinating Conjunctions, 67; Subordinating Conjunctions, 263; Adjective and Adverb Clauses, 419; Comparative and Superlative Adjectives and Adverbs, 493

20.2 Combining Sentences, 483 Grammar and Style Lesson: Using Coordinating Conjunctions, 67; Subordinating Conjunctions, 263

20.3 Varying Sentences, 488 Writer's Toolbox: Sentence fluency, 1099, 1473; Sentence order, normal/inverted, 1339; also see: Grammar and Style Lesson: Using Coordinating Conjunctions, 67; Subordinating Conjunctions, 263

20.4 Avoiding Fragments and Run-ons, 492 Writing, Identifying Sentence Errors, 460; Improving Sentences, 938; Writer's Toolbox: Sentence fluency, 1099, 1473

20.5 Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers, 501 Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers,539, Modifier placement, R61

20.6 Faulty Parallelism, 505 Parallel structure, 1207 20.7 Faulty Coordination, 510 Coordinating conjunctions, 67; Correlative

conjunctions, 154 Chapter 21: Verb Usage, 518 21.1 Verb Tenses, 520 Verb tense, 1009, R62 21.2 The Correct Use of Tenses, 532 Verb tense, 1009, R62



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21.3 The Subjunctive Mood, 548 Verb tense, 1009, R62 21.4 Voice, 552 Verbs, active/passive voice, 1085 Chapter 22: Pronoun Usage, 562 22.1 Case, 564 Pronoun, 795, R58 22.2 Special Problems With Pronouns, 574 Pronoun-antecedent agreement, 795 Chapter 23: Agreement, 584 23.1 Subject and Verb Agreement, 586 Subject/verb agreement, 767, R61 23.2 Pronoun and Antecedent Agreement, 600 Pronoun-antecedent agreement, 795, R61 23.3 Special Problems With Pronoun Agreement, 608

Pronoun-antecedent agreement, 795, R61

Chapter 24: Using Modifiers, 620 24.1 Degrees of Comparison, 622 Adjective, comparative, superlative, 493, R62 24.2 Making Clear Comparisons, 628 Adjective, comparative, superlative, 493, R62 Chapter 25: Miscellaneous Problems in Usage, 638

25.1 Negative Sentences, 640 Sentence Structure, R60 25.2 Common Usage Problems, 646 Usage, R61; Commonly Confused Words, R62–

R63 Chapter 26: Capitalization, 666 Capitalization, 668 Proper Nouns and Titles, 927; Parts of Speech:

Proper Nouns, R58; Proper Nouns and Proper Adjectives, R63

Chapter 27: Punctuation, 686 27.1 End Marks, 688 End Marks, R63 27.2 Commas, 694 Punctuation tip/commas, 67, 154, 263, 419, 755;

Commas, R63 27.3 Semicolons and Colons, 712 Semicolons and Colons, R64; also see: Writing

Handbook: Cover letter, R35, Business letter, R38; also see: Writing: Letter to the editor, 685, Letter of recommendation, 1095

27.4 Quotation Marks and Underlining, 722 Dialogue, punctuate effectively, 1473; Writing, Improving Paragraphs, 1486; Handbook: Paragraph Structure, R60–R61

27.5 Dashes, Parentheses, and Brackets, 736 Dashes, Parentheses, Brackets, and Hyphens, R64

27.6 Hyphens and Apostrophes, 745 Apostrophes, R64 Sentence Diagramming Workshop, 764 Sentence Structure, R60



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PART 3: Academic and Workplace Skills, 776 Chapter 28: Speaking, Listening, Viewing, and Representing, 778

28.1 Speaking and Listening Skills, 779 Communication Workshops give students opportunities to develop and practice speaking skills, as well chances to discuss presentations made by their peers. Workshops include the following: Persuasive speech, evaluate, 222–223; Persuasive speech, deliver, 450–451; Oral interpretation of literary work, write and deliver, 702–703; Political advertisement (non-print) analyze, 928–929; Entertainment Media, analyze, 1108–1109; Media coverage of same event, analyze, 1476–1477 Listening and Speaking assignments after paired literary selections provide additional opportunities for discussion and use of listening skills as can be seen from the following assignments: Panel discussion, 227; Impromptu persuasive speech, 451; Interview, 707; Poetry slam, 933; Presentation in dialogue, 1113

28.2 Viewing Skills, 786 Informational Texts: Map, 3, 16, 237, 576, 601, 816, 906; Photographs, 73, 74, 438, 571, 573, 814, 815, 1287, 1289, 1292–1293, 1455; Illustration, 437; Painting, 574, 905; Graph, 812; Chart, 600, 813; Schedule, 602; Diagram, 1456

28.3 Representing Skills, 792 Writing Workshop: Multimedia Presentation, 920–927, Publishing and Presenting, 1475; also see: Essential Question Workshops: Multimedia Report/Presentation, 227, Annotated Film Database 455, Slideshow, 933, Documentary 1481; Research and Technology: Brochure, 248; Writing Lesson: Multimedia Presentation Plan, 627, 1365, Internet Publication, 701

Chapter 29: Vocabulary and Spelling, 800 29.1 Developing Vocabulary, 801 Vocabulary Development, 66, 121, 136, 197, 280,

306, 359, 377, 398, 417, 492, 537, 597, 627, 663, 704, 745, 754, 793, 851, 865, 879, 908, 930, 988, 1007, 1084, 1150, 1168, 1186, 1205, 1243, 1270, 1279, 1279, 1357, 1431



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29.2 Studying Words Systematically, 805 Vocabulary Workshop: Dictionaries and other resources, 224, Words from mythology, 452, Etymology: political science/history terms, 704, Etymology of science, medical, mathematical terms, 930, Idioms, 1110, Cognates and borrowed words, 1478

29.3 Studying Word Parts and Origins, 808 Vocabulary Workshop: Words from mythology, 452, Etymology: political science/history terms, 704, Etymology of science, medical, mathematical terms, 930, Idioms, 1110, Cognates and borrowed words, 1478; also see: Roots, 66, 197, 280, 306, 359, 398, 417, 537, 627, 663, 704, 754, 793, 851, 879, 908, 908, 930, 1084, 1150, 1168, 1186, 1205, 1243, 1279, 1279, 1357, 1431; Suffixes, 121, 704, 745, 865, 930, 988; Prefixes, 136, 377, 492, 597, 704, 930, 1007, 1270

29.4 Improving Your Spelling, 812 Spelling errors, 221, 449, 701, 1107, 1475; Grammar and spelling, check, 538, 794, 1206

Chapter 30: Reading Skills, 824 30.1 Reading Methods and Tools, 825 Reading strategy instruction introduces and

follows every selection, both fiction and nonfiction. For examples of key reading strategies see the following: Reading Skill: Main idea, determine, 38, 42, 45, 48, 51, 52, 53, 58, 61, 65, 168, 196, 252, 254, 305; Paraphrasing, 42, 45, 48, 51, 52, 53, 58, 61, 65, 309, 668, 670, 880, 883, 887, 888, 893; Clarity of meaning, analyze, 82, 85, 86, 89, 342, 343, 350, 353, 358; Comprehension, repair, 95, 98, 106, 108, 112, 115, 120, 123, 126, 127, 128, 130, 135, 588, 592, 596, 852, 856, 864, 1191, 1193, 1203, 1204; Summarize, 168, 172, 176, 181, 183, 186, 189, 194, 196, 282, 283, 289, 291, 1366, 1370, 1376; Predictions, make/confirm, 758, 762, 765, 1244, 1249, 1251, 1252, 1256, 1259, 1267, 1269; Background knowledge, apply, 1340, 1343, 1346, 1352, 1356, 1358



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30.2 Reading Nonfiction Critically, 831 Historical writing, 82, 85, 88, 89; Persuasive techniques, 222, 910, 929, 1062; Rhetorical questions, 223, 451; Author's purpose (essays and social commentary), 628, 635, 638, 644, 646, 656, 662, 910, 913, 919, 997; Focus on Literary Forms: Essay, 678–679; Author's philosophical assumptions, analyze, 680, 685; Analyze and Evaluate Similar Themes, 1316, 1320, 1323, 1325, 1326, 1330, 1331, 1337; Applying an Expository Critique, 1444, 1447, 1448, 1453; Literary History: Contemporary British nonfiction, 1460–1461; Author's arguments, outline, 1462, 1464, 1467; also see: Informational Texts, 70–75, 198–213, 282–290, 435–441, 568–580, 598–603, 810–817, 896–908, 1022–1027, 1284–1295, 1454–1459 The Informational Text Workshops also introduces reading strategies and emphasize the features and structures of informational materials. For examples, please see: Informational Texts: digital reference tools: online encyclopedia article, Wikipedia article, 70–75, letters, folk ballads, 198–213, speech, eyewitness account, 282–290, feature article, theater review, 436–441, diary, policy statement, 568–581, transit map and schedule, annual report, 598–603, government report, travel guide, 810–817, parliamentary debate, letters, 896–909, brochure, web site homepage, 1022–1027, newspaper articles, advertisements, 1062–1070, speech, government memorandum, 1284–1295, technical documents: technical article, press release, 1454–1459



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30.3 Reading Literary Writing, 837 Focus on Literary Forms: Epic, 34–35, Drama, 308–309, Essay, 678–679, Lyric poetry, 774–775, Novel, 990–991, Short story, 1216–1217; Comparing Literary Works, 18, 32, 156, 196, 212, 252, 261, 270, 290, 296, 305, 421, 435, 480, 541, 551, 558, 566, 580, 662, 662, 662, 676, 732, 744, 753, 753, 779, 792, 797, 809, 850, 852, 864, 878, 893, 908, 919, 987, 1011, 1069, 1083, 1094, 1209, 1215, 1365 Please note that every selection also introduces and teachers a Literary Analysis skill. For representative examples, please see: Rhythm, 18, 32, 1086, 1090, Dramatic irony, 360, 366, 376, Imagery, 378, 382, 383, 385, 388, 389, 393, 395, 397, 702, 775, 866, 870, 872, 874, 878, Irony, 610, 614, 626, 1072, 1308, 1313, 1315, 1319, 1322, 1323, 1331, 1334, Dialect, 732, 741, 744, Figurative language, 774, 852, 855, 858, 864, Rhyme, 775, 818, 850, Poetic sound devices, 818, 821, 823, 828, 830, 832, 834, 835, 837, 841, 848, 850, Meter, 1090, 1094, 1400, 1403, 1404, 1405, 1409, Symbolism, 1138, 1143, 1149, 1269, Style, 1366, 1376, 1388, 1390, 1393, 1396, 1399, Allusion, 1160, 1162, 1358, Situational irony, 1337, Symbol, 1244, 1247, 1248, 1250, 1252, 1257, 1258, 1259, 1264, 1268, Free verse, 1388, 1400

30.4 Reading From Varied Sources, 842 Informational Texts: digital reference tools: online encyclopedia article, Wikipedia article, 70–75, letters, folk ballads, 198–213, speech, eyewitness account, 282–290, feature article, theater review, 436–441, diary, policy statement, 568–581, transit map and schedule, annual report, 598–603, government report, travel guide, 810–817, parliamentary debate, letters, 896–909, brochure, web site homepage, 1022–1027, newspaper articles, advertisements, 1062–1070, speech, government memorandum, 1284–1295, technical documents: technical article, press release, 1454–1459

Chapter 31: Study, Reference, and Test-Taking Skills, 846

31.1 Basic Study Skills, 847 Tips for Improving Fluency, R16–R17 31.2 Reference Skills, 850 Providing Appropriate Citations, 1102–1103;




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31.3 Test-Taking Skills, 864 The Test Practice pages in standardized-test format give students practice in applying core unit skills and in writing for assessment under test-taking conditions. Additional assessment materials are listed in the Teacher’s Edition each selection. Test-Taking Practice: Reading: ACT: Natural Science Reading, 228; SAT: Critical Reading, Paired Passages, 456; ACT: Reading Test, Humanities, 708; SAT: Critical Reading, Long Passage, 934; ACT: Reading Test, Prose Fiction, 1114; SAT: Critical Reading, Short Passage, 1482; Vocabulary in context: SAT: Critical Reading, Sentence Completion, 231, 459, 711, 937, 1117; SAT: Reading Comprehension, Sentence Completion, 1485; Grammar: ACT: English Test, 232, 712, 1118; SAT: Writing, Identifying Sentence Errors, 460; SAT: Writing, Improving Sentences, 938; SAT: Writing, Improving Paragraphs, 1486; Timed writing: ACT: Optional Writing Test, 233, 1119; SAT: Writing, Essay, 461, 939; ACT: Writing Test, 713

Standardized Test Preparation Standardized Test Preparation Workshop, 10–11, 26–27, 46, 70, 94–95, 116–117, 144–145, 164–165, 192–193, 216–217, 240–241, 264–265, 296–297, 324–325, 342–343, 358–359, 402–403, 430–431, 472, 516–517, 558–559, 580, 616, 638–639, 665– 665, 688–689, 768–769, 806–807, 830–831, 852–853, 878, 878–879, 892–893

Test-Taking Practice: Reading: ACT: Natural Science Reading, 228; SAT: Critical Reading, Paired Passages, 456; ACT: Reading Test, Humanities, 708; SAT: Critical Reading, Long Passage, 934; ACT: Reading Test, Prose Fiction, 1114; SAT: Critical Reading, Short Passage, 1482; Vocabulary in context: SAT: Critical Reading, Sentence Completion, 231, 459, 711, 937, 1117; SAT: Reading Comprehension, Sentence Completion, 1485; Grammar: ACT: English Test, 232, 712, 1118; SAT: Writing, Identifying Sentence Errors, 460; SAT: Writing, Improving Sentences, 938; SAT: Writing, Improving Paragraphs, 1486; Timed writing: ACT: Optional Writing Test, 233, 1119; SAT: Writing, Essay, 461, 939; ACT: Writing Test, 713

Chapter 32: Workplace Skills and Competencies, 872

Workplace Skills and Competencies, 872 Workplace Writing: Cover Letter, R35, Resume, R36, Job Application, R37, Write a Business Letter, R38, Memo, R39, Email, R40, Meeting minutes, R41, Technical Writing, R42



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Resources, 886 Citing Sources and Preparing Manuscript, 886 Citing Sources and Preparing Manuscript, R21–

R23 Internet Research Handbook, 893 21st Century Skills, R47–R52; Research and

Technology Handbook, R53–R54 Commonly Overused Words, 898 Commonly Confused Words, R62–R63 Commonly Misspelled Words, 900 Commonly Confused Words, R62–R63 Abbreviations Guide, 902 Citing Sources and Preparing Manuscript, R21–

R23

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