t he t riumphs and t ravails of the j effersonian r epublic chapter 11
TRANSCRIPT
THE TRIUMPHS AND TRAVAILS OF THE JEFFERSONIAN REPUBLICChapter 11
FEDERALIST / REPUBLICAN MUDSLINGERS
First 2-party election War with France Navy?
Mudslinging Hamilton attacks Adams
Pamphlet
Whisper campaigns Federalists attack Jefferson’s character
Robbed widow Sally Hemings Church V. State
Nominee Thomas Jefferson John Adams
Party Democratic Republican
Federalist
Home state Virginia Massachusetts
Running mate Aaron Burr Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, John Jay
Electoral vote 73 65
States carried 8 7
Popular vote 41,330 25,952
Percentage 61.4% 38.6%
ELECTION OF 1800
JEFFERSONIAN REVOLUTION
Jefferson is elected presidentBurr receives the same amount of votesCongress decides who will be vice
president and who will be presidentBurr = Vice President
Twelfth AmendmentElectors to cast separate ballots for
president and vice-president
JEFFERSONIAN REPUBLICANISM
People should control the governmentShrink the government
Cut costs Balance Budget / Get out of debt Excise tax Alien-Sedition Reduced size of army Halted plans to extend the navy Lowered expenses for government social functions
Took office in the new federal capitalWashington D.C.
JOHN MARSHALL
Judiciary Act of 1801 16 new federal judgeships/offices
President Adams filed paperwork while leaving office Midnight appointments Leave federalists in office
John Marshall Dominated the Supreme Court
Shaped legal tradition Federalist
MARBURY V. MADISON
Jefferson said appointments were not valid Told Madison (Secretary of State) not to deliver
appointments
Federal chief justice = John Marshall Declared that part of the Judiciary Act of 1789
unconstitutional Would have ordered Madison to hand over papers
Decision strengthened the Supreme court Established Judicial Review
Ability of Supreme Court to declare a law or act of Congress unconstitutional
JEFFERSON THE WARRIOR
Mediterranean
Pay for protection
1801 Tripoli – declared war on the U.S.
4 years Peace treaty = $60,000 Tripolitan War
“Jeff’s” = Mosquito fleets 200
LOUISIANA PURCHASE
1800 Spain ceded to France the trans-Mississippi
Region of Louisiana = includes New Orleans 1802
Spain withdraws the right of deposit = Pinckney’s Treaty of 1795
1803 James Monroe / Robert R. Livingston
Buy New Orleans + land to its east $10 Million
CONT.
Napoleon decides to sell West Indies = Haiti Malaria Fear of an alliance with US and Britain
April 30, 1803 Louisiana Purchase $15 million
3-4 cents acre 828,000 square miles
EXPLORATION
IsolationistRemoving Europe
1804Under direction of President JeffersonExplore the new territory
Meriwether LewisWilliam Clark
Sacajawea = Shoshone33 men2 ½ years
AARON BURR
Burr Dropped 2nd Term Succession of New England and NY Hamilton exposed plan
Burr / Hamilton Duel Hamilton refused to fire Burr killed Hamilton with one shot
Separate Western part of the U.S.
NEUTRALITY
1804 Jefferson reelected
Napoleon provokes war with Britain
Orders in Council British closed European ports under French control
to foreign shipping Ships had to first stop at a British port
Napoleon orders the seizure of all merchant ships entering British ports Including American
CONT.
Impressment Forcible enlistment of sailors 6,000
Chesapeake Affair Surrender of 4 alleged deserters American commander refused demand
Chesapeake fired upon Killing 3 wounding 18
EMBARGO
U.S. cut of exports
Embargo Act 1807 Forbade exports of all
goods from the U.S. “Peaceful Coercion” Rights of Neutral Nations
Docks deserted
Soup Kitchens
Commerce Hurt
Trade = Canadian Border
Enforcing legislations Reviving Federalist party
Nullification
Repealed March 1, 1809
Non Intercourse Act Opened Trade
Except Britain / France
MADISON’S GAMBLE
1808 Madison wins presidency
Macon’s Bill Britain or France repealed its commercial
restriction America would restore its embargo against the
nonrepealing nation Ally?
Napoleon maneuvers to lift orders Britain saw no need to bargain
U.S. reestablished the embargo Final step towards war
MR. MADISON’S WAR
War inevitable
America needed to protect itself
Madison = Congress to declare war June 1, 1812
2 weeks later House 79 to 49 Senate 19 to 13
Sectionalism Support = South / West Federalist = damned the
conflict New England Resented Republican
sympathy with Napoleon Opposed acquisition of
Canada Sent supplies to Canada
Refused militias to serve outside of their state