Appendix A

V E R B A L I N F L E C T I O N S

In the following inflections, the model root is inflected in all possible conjugations, regardless of whether

or not those forms actually exist in that root. Spirantization is marked for ^KTB only.

PEAL PAEL APHEL ETHPEEL ETHPAAL ETTAPHAL

(1) SOUND ROOT, model -^KTB

Perfect

3 m sing ktab katteb akteb etkteb etkattab ettaktab

3 f sing ketbat kattbat ahtbat etkatbat etkattbat ettatbat

2 sing ktabt kattebt atebt etktebt etkattabt ettaktabt

1 c sing ketbet kattbet ahtbet etkatbet etkattbet ettaktbet

3 mpl ktab(un) katteb(un) akteb(un) etkteb(un) etkattab(m) ettaktab(un)

3fp l ktab(en) katteb(en) akteb(en) etkteb(en) etkattab(en) ettaktab(en)

2 mpl ktabton kattebton aktebton etktebton etkattabton ettaktabton

2fp l ktabten kattebten aktebten etktebten etkattabten ettaktabten

1 cpl ktabn(an) kattebn(an) aktebn(an) etktebn(an) etkattabn(an) ettaktabn(an)

128

Imperfect

3 m sing nektob nkatteb nakteb netkteb netkattab nettaktab

3 f sing tetob tkatteb takteb tetkteb tetkattab tettaktab

2 m sing tektob tkatteb takteb tetkteb tetkattab tettaktab

2 f sing tektbin tkattbin taktbin tetkatbin tetkattbin tettaktbin

1 c sing ektob ekatteb akteb etkteb etkattab ettaktab

3 mpl nektbun nkattbun naktbun netkatbun netkattbun nettaktbun

3fpl nektbdn nkattbdn naktbdn netkatbdn netkattbdn nettaktbdn

2 mpl tektbun tkattbun taktbun tetkatbun tetkattbun tettaktbun

2fp l tektbdn tkattbdn taktbdn tetkatbdn tetkattbdn tettaktbdn

I c p l nektob nkatteb nakteb netkteb netkattab nettaktab

sing

m pi

fpl

masc smg

fem sing

ktob

ktob(un)

ktob(en)

kdteb

kdtbd

katteb

katteb(un)

katteb(en)

Imperative

akteb

akteb(un)

akteb(en)

etkteb/etkatb

etkteb(un)

etkteb(en)

etkattab ettaktab

etkattabi un) ettaktab( un)

etkattab( en ) ettaktab( en)

Active Participle Absolute

mkatteb

mkattbd

makteb

maktbd

metkteb

metkatbd

metkattab

metkattbd

mettaktab

mettaktbd

129

masc pi kdtbin mkattbin maktbin metkatbin metkattbin mettaktbin

fem pi kdtbdn mkattbdn maktbdn metkatbdn metkattbdn mettaktbdn

Passive Participle Absolute

ktib mkattab maktab —

Infinitive

mektab mkattdbu maktdbu metktdbu metkattdbu mettaktdbu

(2) I I I - W E A K R O O T , model V G L F

Perfect

3 m sing gld gain agn etgn etgalli ettagli

3 f sing gldt gallyat aglyat etgalyat etgallyat ettaglyat

2 sing glayt galliyt agliyt etgliyt etgalliyt ettagliyt

1 c sing glet gallit aglit etglit etgallit ettaglit

3 mpl glow gain agn etgn etgalli ettagli

3 fpl glay gain agn etgn etgalli ettagli

2 mpl glayton galliyton agliyton etgliyton etgalliyton ettagliyton

2 fpl glayten galliyten agliyten etgliyten etgalliyten ettagliyten

I c p l glayn(an) galliyn(an) agliyn(an) etgliyn(an) etgalliyn(an) ettagliyn(an)

130

Imperfect

3 m sing negle ngalle nagle netgle netgalle nettagle

3 f sing tegle tgalle tagle tetgle tetgalle tettagle

2 m sing tegle tgalle tagle tetgle tetgalle tettagle

2 f sing tegleyn tgalleyn tagleyn tetgleyn tetgalleyn tettagleyn

1 c sing egle egalle agle etgle etgalle ettagle

3 mpl negldn ngalldn nagldn netglon netgalldn nettagldn

3 fpl neglydn ngallydn naglydn netgalydn netgallydn nettaglydn

2 mpl tegldn tgallon tagldn tetglon tetgalldn tettagldn

2 fpl teglydn tgallydn taglydn tetgalydn tetgallydn tettaglydn

I c p l negle ngalle nagle netgle netgalle nettagle

Imperative

m sing gli galld agld etglay etgalld ettagld

f sing gldy galldy agldy etgldy etgalldy ettagldy

mpl glow gallaw aglow etglaw etgallaw ettaglaw

fpl gldyen galldyen agldyen etgldyen etgalldyen ettagldyen

Active Participle Absolute

m sing gdle mgalle magle metgle metgalle mettagle

131

f sing

mpl

fpl

msmg

f sing

mpl

fpl

galya

gdleyn

gdlydn

gle

galyd

gleyn

galydn

mgallyd

mgalleyn

mgallydn

maglyd

magleyn

maglydn

metgalyd

metgleyn

metgalydn

metgallyd

metgalleyn

metgallydn

Passive Participle Absolute

mgallay maglay —

mgallyd maglyd —

mgallyin maglyin —

mgallydn maglydn

Infinitives

megld mgallayu

(3) H O L L O W R O O T , model V A W M

3 m sing

3 f sing

2 sing

1 c sing

nam

ndmat

ndmt

ndmet

mettaglyd

mettagleyn

mettaglydn

magldyu metglayu metgallayu mettaglayu

Perfect

nawwem anim The Ethpeel of etnawwam ettnim

nawwmat animat all hollow roots etnawwmat ettnimat

nawwemt animt is replaced by etnawwamt ettnimt

nawwmet animet the Ettaphal etnawwmet ettnimet

132

3 mpl ndm(un) nawwem(un) anim(un) elnawwam(un) ettnim(un)

3 fpl ndm(en) nawwem(en) anim(en) eOuiwwcan(m) ettnimj(en)

2 mpl ndmton nawwemton animton etnawwamton ettnimton

2 fpl ndmten nawwemten animten etnawwamten ettnimten

I c p l ndmn(an) nawwenuim) animn(an) einawwemn(an) ettnimn(an)

Imperfect

3 m sing nnum nnawwem nnim netnawwam nettnim

3 f sing tnum tnawwem tnim tetnawwam tettnim

2 m sing tnum tnawwem tnim tetnawwam tettnim

2 f sing tnumin tnawwmin tnimin tetnawwmin tettnimin

1 c sing num. enawwem nim etnawwam ettnim

3 mpl nnumun nnawwmun nnimun netnawwmun nettnimun

3 fpl nnumdn nnawwmdn nnimdn netnawwmdn nettnimdn

2 mpl tnumun tnawwmun tnimun tetnawwmun tettnimun

2 fpl tnumdn tnawwmdn tnimdn tetnawwmdn tettnimdn

I c p l nnum nnawwem nnim netnawwam nettnim

Imperative

sing num nawwem nim tnawwam ettnim

mpl num(un) nawwem(un) nim(un) tnawwam(un) ettnim(un)

133

fpl

msmg

f sing

mpl

fpl

num(en)

na'em

ndymd

ndymin

ndymdn

nawwem(en) nim(en)

Active Participle Absolute

mnawwem mnim

mnawwmd mnimd

mnawwmin mnimin

mnawwmdn mnimdn

Passive Participle Absolute

tnawwam(en) ettnimten)

metnawwam mettnim

metnawwmd mettnimd

metnawwmin mettnimin

metnawwmdn mettnimdn

m smg

f sing

mm

nimd

mnawwam

mnawwmd

mnam

mndmd

Infinitives

mndm

(4) l-y ROOT, model VFLD

mnawwdmu mndmu

3 m sing

3 f sing

iled

yeldat

yalled

yalldat

Perfect

awled

awldat

etiled

etyaldat

metnawwdmu mettndmu

etyallad

etvalldat

ettawlad

ettawldat

134

2 sing iledt yalledt awledt etiledt etyalladt ettawladt

1 c sing yeldet yalldet awldet etyaldet etyalldet ettawldet

3 mpl iled(un) yalled(un) awled(un) etiled(un) etyallad(un) ettawlad(un)

3 fpl iled(en) yalled(en) awled(en) etiled(en) etyallad(en) ettawlad(en)

2 mpl iledton yalledton awledton etiledton etyalladton ettawladton

2 fpl iledten yalledten awledten etiledten etyalladten ettawladten

1 cpl iledn(an) yalledn(an) awledn(an) etiledn(an) etyalladn(an) ettawladn(an)

Imperfect

3 m sing nelad nyalled nawled netiled netyallad nettawlad

3 f sing telad tyalled tawled tetiled tetyallad tettawlad

2 m sing telad tyalled tawled tetiled tetyallad tettawlad

2 f sing teldin tyalldin tawldin tetyaldin tetyalldin tettawldin

1 c sing elnd eyalled awled etiled etyallad ettawlad

3 mpl neldun nyalldun nawldun netyaldun netyalldun nettawldun

3 fpl nelddn nyallddn nawlddn netyalddn netyallddn nettawlddn

2 mpl teldun tyalldun tawldun tetyaldun tetyalldun tettawldun

2 fpl telddn tyallddn tawlddn tetyalddn tetyallddn tettawlddn

I c p l nelad nyalled nawled netiled netyallad nettawlad

135

sing

mpl

m sing

f sing

mpl

fpl

msmg

f sing

mpl

fpl

ilad

ilad(un)

ydled

ydldd

yaldin

ydlddn

Hid

ilidd

ilidin

iliddn

yalled

yalled(un)

Imperative

awled

awled(un)

etiled/etyald etyallad ettawlad

etiled(un) etyallad(un) ettawlad(un)

etyald(m)

Active Participle Absolute

myalled

myalldd

myalldin

myallddn

mawled

mawldd

mawldin

mawlddn

metiled

metyaldd

metyaldin

metyalddn

Passive Participle Absolute

myallad

myalldd

myalldin

myallddn

mawlad

mawldd

mawldin

mawlddn

Infinitives

metyallad

metyalldd

metyalldin

metyallddn

mettawlad

mettawldd

mettawldin

mettawlddn

melad myalladu mawlddu metilddu metyallddu mettawladu

136

(5) G E M I N A T E R O O T , model VA®Z)

Perfect

3 m sing nod nodded onned etnded etnaddad ettannad

3 f sing naddat nadddat anndat etnaddat etnadddat ettonndat

2 sing nadt naddedt annedt etndedt etnaddadt ettannadt

1 c sing naddet nadddet anndet etnaddet etnadddet ettanndet

3 mpl nad(un) nadded(un) anned(un) etnded(un) etnaddod(un) ettannad(un)

3 fpl nad(en) nadded(en) onned(en) etnded(en) etnaddad(en) ettannad(en)

2 m p l nadton naddedton annedton etndedton etnaddadton ettannadton

2 fpl nadten naddedten annedten etndedten etnaddadten ettannadten

I c p l nadn(an) naddedn(an) annedn(an) etndedn(an) Onadda^an) ettannadn(on)

Imperfect

3 m sing nennad nnadded nanned netnded netnoddad nettannad

3 f sing tennad tnadded tanned tetnded tetnaddad tettannad

2 m sing tennad tnadded tanned tetnded tetnaddad tettonnad

2 f sing tenndin tnadddin tanndin tetnaddin tetnadddin tettonndin

1 c sing ennad enadded anned etnded etnaddad ettannad

3 mpl nenndun nnadddun nanndun netnaddun netnadddun nettanndun

137

3 fpl

2 mpl

2 fpl

I c p l

smg

mpl

m smg

f sing

mpl

fpl

m smg

f sing

mpl

fpl

nennddn

tenndun

tennddn

nennad

nad

nad(un)

nd'ed

ndddd

ndddin

nddddn

ndid

ndidd

ndidin

ndiddn

nnaddddn

tnadddun

tnaddddn

nnadded

nannddn

tanndun

tannddn

nanned

Imperative

netnadddn netnaddddn nettannddn

tetnaddun tetnadddim tettanndun

tetnadddn tetnaddddn tettannddn

netnded netnaddad nettannad

nadded anned etnded/etnadd etnaddad ettannad

nadded(un) anned(un) etnded(un} etnaddad(un) ettannad(un)

etnadd(un)

Active Participle Absolute

mnadded

mnadddd

mnadddin

mnaddddn

manned

manndd

manndin

mannddn

metnded

metnaddd

metnaddin

metnadddn

Passive Participle Absolute

mnaddad

mnadddd

mnadddin

mnaddddn

mannad —

manndd —

manndin —

mannddn —

metnaddad mettannad

metnadddd mettanndd

metnadddin mettanndin

metnaddddn mettannddn

138

Infinitives

mennad mnaddadu mannadu metndadu metnaddddu mettannadu

(6) l-n and m-GU I'l'URAL ROOT, model ^NTR

3 m sing ntar nattar attar etntar etnattar ettattar

3 f sing netrat nattrat attrat etnatrat etnattrat ettattrat

2 sing ntart nattart attart etntart etnattart ettattart

1 c sing netret nattret attret etnatret etnattret ettattret

3 mpl ntar(un) nattar(un) attar(un) etntar(un) etnattar(un) ettattar(un)

3 f sing ntar(en) nattar(en) attar(en} etntar(en) etnattar(en) ettattar(en)

2 mpl ntarton nattarton attarton etntarton etnattarton ettattarton

2 fpl ntarten nattarten attarten etntarten etnattarten ettattarten

I c p l ntam(an) nattam(an) attam(an) etntam(an) etnattam(an) ettattam(an)

Imperfect

3 m sing nettar nnattar nattar netntar netnattar nettattar

3 f sing tettar tnattar tattar tetntar tetnattar tettattar

2 m sing tettar tnattar tattar tetntar tetnattar tettattar

2 f sing tettrin tnattrin tattrin tetnatrin tetnattrin tettattrin

1 c sing ettar enattar attar etntar etnattar ettattar

139

3 mpl

3 fpl

2 mpl

2 fpl

1 cpl

smg

m sing

f sing

mpl

fpl

m sing

f sing

mpl

fpl

nettrun

nettrdn

tettrun

tettrdn

nettar

tar

ndtar

ndtrd

ndtrin

ndtrdn

ntir

ntird

ntirin

ntirdn

nnattrun

nnattrdn

tnattrun

tnattrdn

nnattar

nattrun

nattrdn

tattrun

tattrdn

nattar

netnatrun

netnatrdn

tetnatrun

tetnatrdn

netntar

Imperative

nattar attar etntar

Active Participle Absolute

mnattar

mnattrd

mnattrin

mnattrdn

mattar

mattrd

mattrin

mattrdn

metntar

metnatrd

metnatrin

metnatrdn

Passive Participle Absolute

mnattar

mnattrd

mnattrin

mnattrdn

mattar

mattrd

mattrin

mattrdn

netnattrun

netnattrdn

tetnattrun

tetnattrdn

netnattar

etnattar

metnattar

metnattrd

metnattrin

metnattrdn

nettattrun

nettattrdn

tettattrun

tettattrdn

nettattar

ettattar

mettattar

mettattrd

mettattrin

mettattrdn

140

Infinitives

141

mettar mnattdru mattdru metntdru metnattdru mettattdru