1849 BIODEGRADABILITY OF ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATES

often be obseFced by m e a s u r i n g the d isso lved oxygen con- tent . I f it is low because of the effect of a heavy sewage load, n e i t h e r BAS nor LAS will degrade . Therefore , in th is q u a d r a n t , BAS is st i l l a c c e p t a b l e for use b e c a u s e the sew- age i tself is t he ove r r id ing po l lu t ion p rob lem.

Only in t he u p p e r r ight q u a d r a n t , w h e r e the sewage is receiving a d e q u a t e t r e a t m e n t , is LAS needed . This quad - r a n t c o r r e s p o n d s to t h e s i t ua t ion in p a r t s of the Uni ted States , Europe , a n d J a p a n .

Despi te t he logic of F igure 3, some deve lop ing coun t r i e s have r equ i r ed the use of LAS s imply because the indus - t r ia l ized coun t r i e s r equ i r e it. The more in te l l igent a p p r o a c h has been to s t u d y the local s i t ua t i on to see if a n y se r ious p r o b l e m exis t s wi th t h e use of BAS a n d to dec ide w h e t h e r swi tch ing f rom BAS to LAS wou ld p ro - duce a n y obse rvab le benefi t . F o r example , s tud ies have been m a d e in Indones ia , India , Malaysia, Mexico, the Phi- l ippines , a n d T h a i l a n d (37-39) . In m a n y count r ies , t he conc lus ion was to c o n t i n u e BAS use. A p p a r e n t l y , BAS has cos t a n d / o r p r o p e r t y a d v a n t a g e s over LAS.

There is a co ro l l a ry to the f inding t h a t it is a p p r o p r i a t e to use BAS in m a n y count r ies . If, in t he fu ture , the s i tua - t ion in a given c o u n t r y moves t o w a r d the u p p e r r ight q u a d r a n t of F igure 3 , tha t c o u n t r y could dec ide t h a t t he level of b i o d e g r a d a b i l i t y r equ i r ed for t he ABS does no t need to equa l t h a t for c o u n t r i e s which a r e well in to t h e q u a d r a n t . Tha t is to say, t h e y could o p t for a BAS/LAS m i x t u r e or for some o t h e r ABS p r o d u c t no t qui te equal to LAS in b iodegradab i l i ty .

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32. Hartmann, L., Biotech. and Bioeng. 5:331, 1963. 33. Sweeney, W.A., J. WaterPoll. Cont. Fed. 38:1023, 1966. 34. Ramanathan, M., Kirk-Othmer Encyclo. of CtteTn. Tech., Third

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6. 36. Swisher, R.D., Ibid., Second Ed., p. 27. 37. Sekaran, A.S., H.F. Ludwig, and J.W. Evans, "Evaluation and

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38. Sweatman, T.R., and R. Harjoko, "l'he Jakarta River System - An Environmental Study with Particular Reference to Synthetic Detergents," Technical report, SUCOFINDO (Superintending Company of Indonesia), Jakarta, 1978.

39. Ludwig, H.F., and J.W. Evans (Seatec International/Thorani Tech. Co. Ltd.) "Evaluation and Recommendations Relating to Use of Anionic Detergents in Thailand." Technical report, National Environment Board, Thailand, June 1984.

lReceived April 4, 1988; accepted May 15, 1989] IJSD 5436]

ERRATUM

In the ar t ic le , " S y n e r g i s t i c S t a b i l i z a t i o n of Per f luoro- c a rbon -P lu ron i c F-68 E m u l s i o n by P e r f l u o r o a l k y l a t e d P o l y h y d r o x y l a t e d S u r f a c t a n t s , " which a p p e a r e d in the O c t o b e r 1989 i s sue of J A O C S (pp. 1515-1523} the t rade- m a r k a p p e a r e d wi thou t the a c c o m p a n y i n g c o m p a n y iden- t i f ica t ion of " a p r o d u c t of B S A F , W y a n d o t t e , Mich igan . "

JAOCS, Vol. 66, no. 12 (December 1989)