symbol in literature dr. husniah sahamid. symbols – some definition a symbol is a sign further...
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Symbols – some definition
• A symbol is a sign• further layers of meaning • a symbol means more than it literally says
• http://web.mst.edu/~gdoty/classes/concepts-practices/def-symbols.htmlre literal - symbols are not!.
Symbol - Defn • a word or object that stands for another word or object
• object or word can be seen with the eye or not visible
• Ex. a dove stands for Peace.
• The dove can be seen and peace cannot.
Symbol- Defn
• Something that represents something else by association,
• resemblance, or convention• especially a material object used to represent
something invisible.
Literature - Symbols
• provide meaning to the writing beyond what is actually being described
• plot and action thought of as one level,• symbolism of certain things• act on another level to enhance the story.
Classic examples
• Adam and Eve: when Eve ate the apple• Apple stood for sin• Serpent – negative :
evil/temptation/satan
Symbol association
- can have 3 kinds:• Often will have all three• 1. personal• 2. cultural • 3. universal
Personal:
• associations with things in our experience• One person may have strong affection for dogs • another person may fear them intensely.
Cultural• Different symbols different meanings in
different cultures.• A lion can represent Christ in Christian
culture; • Sumerian culture, sun represents god Marduk.• Chinese culture: dogs - devotion & loyalty• Islamic culture: impurity.
Common Cultural Symbols?• When looking for cultural symbols in literature• think of what symbols represent moral standards,
beliefs or patriotic themes for a culture / country. • American cultural symbols: Red, white and blue
colors; Bald Eagle; coin with "In God We Trust"• Indian cultural symbols: yogi, banyan tree, image
of Indian god or goddess • Chinese cultural symbols: Bamboo tree, bonsai
tree, yin/yang symbol
Universal:• Jungian psychology, & other theories• Argue: some symbols have universal meaning. • Lions : deity in a variety of cultures• Serpent/snake• Trying to discern, express universal meaning of a symbol is tricky.
Common literary symbols
• Symbols referring to damnation: Fire, flames, heat, hot temperatures
• Symbols referring to salvation: angels, haloes, clouds, churches
/mosques/temples
Common literary symbols
• Symbols referring to reincarnation or reinvention:
Phoenix rising from flames, crosses, rainbows, passing storms, dawn, sunrise, broken chains
• Symbols referring to death or endings: Gravestones, cemeteries, Grim Reaper, Day of the Dead, skulls, candle blowing out, coffin, ringing of bell
Symbolic Act
• A gesture/ action with larger significance
• Barn – burning• The act symbolise more than
destroying barn• Symbol of expression of
hatred • Father’s memories of the
“waste & extravagance of war”
• Kennedy and Gioia . (1995) Literature.
Allegory• Animal Farm,• entire story is a symbol for the evils of
communism,• animal characters representing key figures in the
Russian revolution. • can be read as hildren's story• Realise - various elements and characters in the
story symbolize• the novel takes on a whole new meaning. • story is called an allegory.
Why use symbols?
• Its compact• Its powerful/profound• Able to suggest • Watch – symbol for time• Ticking of watch – slow &
invisible passage of time• Sense of helplessness
associated with ‘ticking’
Recognising symbols
Sometimes writer:• gives paticular emphasis• may repeat• may appear in the title of the story - a clean well-lighted place, - barn-burning