syllabus - quanta cura

7/27/2019 Syllabus - Quanta Cura

1/34

Syllabus com plectens prcipu os no str tatis erro reswas a document issued by Holy See under Pope Pius IX on December 8, 1864, Feast of the Immaculate

Conception, on the same day as the Pope's encyclical Quanta Cura.

Quanta Cura

CONDEMNING CURRENT ERRORS

Encyclical of Pope Pius IX promulgated on December 8, 1864.

To Our Venerable Brethren, all Patriarchs, Primates, Archbishops, and Bishops having favor and Communion of the Holy See.

Venerable Brethren, Health and Apostolic Benediction.

1. With how great care and pastoral vigilance the Roman Pontiffs, our predecessors, fulfilling the duty and office committed to them by the Lord Christ Himself in the personof most Blessed Peter, Prince of the Apostles, of feeding the lambs and the sheep, have never ceased sedulously to nourish the Lord's whole flock with words of faith andwith salutary doctrine, and to guard it from poisoned pastures, is thoroughly known to all, and especially to you, Venerable Brethren. And truly the same, Our Predecessors,asserters of justice, being especially anxious for the salvation of souls, had nothing ever more at heart than by their most wise Letters and Constitutions to unveil and

condemn all those heresies and errors which, being adverse to our Divine Faith, to the doctrine of the Catholic Church, to purity of morals, and to the eternal salvation ofmen, have frequently excited violent tempests, and have miserably afflicted both Church and State. For which cause the same Our Predecessors, have, with Apostolicfortitude, constantly resisted the nefarious enterprises of wicked men, who, like raging waves of the sea foaming out their own confusion, and promising liberty whereas theyare the slaves of corruption, have striven by their deceptive opinions and most pernicious writings to raze the foundations of the Catholic religion and of civil society, toremove from among men all virtue and justice, to deprave persons, and especially inexperienced youth, to lead it into the snares of error, and at length to tear it from thebosom of the Catholic Church.

2. But now, as is well known to you, Venerable Brethren, already, scarcely had we been elevated to this Chair of Peter (by the hidden counsel of Divine Providence, certainlyby no merit of our own), when, seeing with the greatest grief of Our soul a truly awful storm excited by so many evil opinions, and (seeing also) the most grievous calamitiesnever sufficiently to be deplored which overspread the Christian people from so many errors, according to the duty of Our Apostolic Ministry, and following the illustriousexample of Our Predecessors, We raised Our voice, and in many published Encyclical Letters and Allocutions delivered in Consistory, and other Apostolic Letters, wecondemned the chief errors of this most unhappy age, and we excited your admirable episcopal vigilance, and we again and again admonished and exhorted all sons of theCatholic Church, to us most dear, that they should altogether abhor and flee from the contagion of so dire a pestilence. And especially in our first Encyclical Letter written toyou on Nov. 9, 1846, and in two Allocutions delivered by us in Consistory, the one on Dec. 9, 1854, and the other on June 9, 1862, we condemned the monstrous portents ofopinion which prevail especially in this age, bringing with them the greatest loss of souls and detriment of civil society itself; which are grievously opposed also, not only tothe Catholic Church and her salutary doctrine and venerable rights, but also to the eternal natural law engraven by God in all men's hearts, and to right reason; and fromwhich almost all other errors have their origin.

3. But, although we have not omitted often to proscribe and reprobate the chief errors of this kind, yet the cause of the Catholic Church, and the salvation of souls entrustedto us by God, and the welfare of human society itself, altogether demand that we again stir up your pastoral solicitude to exterminate other evil opinions, which spring forthfrom the said errors as from a fountain. Which false and perverse opinions are on that ground the more to be detested, because they chiefly tend to this, that that salutaryinfluence be impeded and (even) removed, which the Catholic Church, according to the institution and command of her Divine Author, should freely exercise even to the endof the world -- not only over private individuals, but over nations, peoples, and their sovereign princes; and (tend also) to take away that mutual fellowship and concord ofcounsels between Church and State which has ever proved itself propitious and salutary, both for religious and civil interests.1

For you well know, venerable brethren, that at this time men are found not a few who, applying to civil society the impious and absurd principle of "naturalism," as they call it,dare to teach that "the best constitution of public society and (also) civil progress altogether require that human society be conducted and governed without regard being had


2/34

to religion any more than if it did not exist; or, at least, without any distinction being made between the true religion and false ones." And, against the doctrine of Scripture, ofthe Church, and of the Holy Fathers, they do not hesitate to assert that "that is the best condition of civil society, in which no duty is recognized, as attached to the civilpower, of restraining by enacted penalties, offenders against the Catholic religion, except so far as public peace may require." From which totally false idea of socialgovernment they do not fear to foster that erroneous opinion, most fatal in its effects on the Catholic Church and the salvation of souls, called by Our Predecessor, GregoryXVI, an "insanity,"2 viz., that "liberty of conscience and worship is each man's personal right, which ought to be legally proclaimed and asserted in every rightly constitutedsociety; and that a right resides in the citizens to an absolute liberty, which should be restrained by no authority whether ecclesiastical or civil, whereby they may be ableopenly and publicly to manifest and declare any of their ideas whatever, either by word of mouth, by the press, or in any other way." But, while they rashly affirm this, they donot think and consider that they are preaching "liberty of perdition;"3 and that "if human arguments are always allowed free room for discussion, there will never be wantingmen who will dare to resist truth, and to trust in the flowing speech of human wisdom; whereas we know, from the very teaching of our Lord Jesus Christ, how carefullyChristian faith and wisdom should avoid this most injurious babbling."4

4. And, since where religion has been removed from civil society, and the doctrine and authority of divine revelation repudiated, the genuine notion itself of justice andhuman right is darkened and lost, and the place of true justice and legitimate right is supplied by material force, thence it appears why it is that some, utterly neglecting anddisregarding the surest principles of sound reason, dare to proclaim that "the people's will, manifested by what is called public opinion or in some other way, constitutes asupreme law, free from all divine and human control; and that in the political order accomplished facts, from the very circumstance that they are accomplished, have theforce of right." But who, does not see and clearly perceive that human society, when set loose from the bonds of religion and true justice, can have, in truth, no other endthan the purpose of obtaining and amassing wealth, and that (society under such circumstances) follows no other law in its ac tions, except the unchastened desire ofministering to its own pleasure and interests? For this reason, men of the kind pursue with bitter hatred the Religious Orders, although these have deserved extremely wellof Christendom, civilization and literature, and cry out that the same have no legitimate reason for being permitted to exist; and thus (these evil men) applaud the calumniesof heretics. For, as Pius VI, Our Predecessor, taught most wisely, "the abolition of regulars is injurious to that state in which the Evangelical counsels are openly professed; itis injurious to a method of life praised in the Church as agreeable to Apostolic doctrine; it is injurious to the illustrious founders, themselves, whom we venerate on our altars,who did not establish these societies but by God's inspiration."5 And (these wretches) also impiously declare that permission should be refused to citizens and to the

Church, "whereby they may openly give alms for the sake of Christian charity"; and that the law should be abrogated "whereby on certain fixed days servile works areprohibited because of God's worship;" and on the most deceptive pretext that the said permission and law are opposed to the principles of the best public economy.Moreover, not content with removing religion from public society, they wish to banish it also f rom private families. For, teaching and professing the most fatal error of"Communism and Socialism," they assert that "domestic society or the family derives the whole principle of its existence from the civil law alone; and, consequently, that oncivil law alone depend all rights of parents over their children, and especially that of providing for education." By which impious opinions and machinations these mostdeceitful men chiefly aim at this result, viz., that the salutary teaching and influence of the Catholic Church may be entirely banished from the instruction and education ofyouth, and that the tender and flexible minds of young men may be infected and depraved by every most pernicious error and vice. For all who have endeavored to throwinto confusion things both sacred and secular, and to subvert the right order of society, and to abolish all rights, human and divine, have always (as we above hinted)devoted all their nefarious schemes, devices and efforts, to deceiving and depraving incautious youth and have placed all their hope in its corruption. For which reason theynever cease by every wicked method to assail the clergy, both secular and regular, from whom (as the surest monuments of history conspicuously attest), so many greatadvantages have abundantly flowed to Christianity, civilization and literature, and to proclaim that "the clergy, as being hostile to the true and beneficial advance of scienceand civilization, should be removed from the whole charge and duty of instructing and educating youth."

5. Others meanwhile, reviving the wicked and so often condemned inventions of innovators, dare with signal impudence to subject to the will of the civil authority thesupreme authority of the Church and of this Apostolic See given to her by Christ Himself, and to deny all those rights of the same Church and See which concern matters ofthe external order. For they are not ashamed of affirming "that the Church's laws do not bind in conscience unless when they are promulgated by the civil power; that actsand decrees of the Roman Pontiffs, referring to religion and the Church, need the civil power's sanction and approbation, or at least its consent; that the ApostolicConstitutions,6 whereby secret societies are condemned (whether an oath of secrecy be or be not required in such societies), and whereby their frequenters and favourersare smitten with anathema -- have no force in those regions of the world wherein associations of the kind are tolerated by the civil government; that the excommunicationpronounced by the Council of Trent and by Roman Pontiffs against those who assail and usurp the Church's rights and possessions, rests on a confusion between thespiritual and temporal orders, and (is directed) to the pursuit of a purely secular good; that the Church can decree nothing which binds the conscience of the faithful in regardto their use of temporal things; that the Church has no right of restraining by temporal punishments those who violate her laws; that it is conformable to the principles ofsacred theology and public law to assert and claim for the civil government a right of property in those goods which are possessed by the Church, by the Religious Orders,and by other pious establishments." Nor do they blush openly and publicly to profess the maxim and principle of heretics from which arise so many perverse opinions and

errors. For they repeat that the "ecclesiastical power is not by divine right distinct from, and independent of, the civil power, and that such distinction and independencecannot be preserved without the civil power's essential rights being assailed and usurped by the Church." Nor can we pass over in silence the audacity of those who, notenduring sound doctrine, contend that "without sin and without any sacrifice of the Catholic profession assent and obedience may be refused to those judgments anddecrees of the Apostolic See, whose object is declared to concern the Church's general good and her rights and discipline, so only it does not touch the dogmata of faith and


3/34

morals." But no one can be found not clearly and distinctly to see and understand how grievously this is opposed to the Catholic dogma of the full power given from God byChrist our Lord Himself to the Roman Pontiff of feeding, ruling and guiding the Universal Church.

6. Amidst, therefore, such great perversity of depraved opinions, we, well remembering our Apostolic Office, and very greatly solicitous for our most holy Religion, for sounddoctrine and the salvation of souls which is intrusted to us by God, and (solicitous also) for the welfare of human society itself, have thought it right again to raise up our

Apostolic voice. Therefore, by our Apostolic authority, we reprobate, proscribe, and condemn all the singular and evil opinions and doctrines severally mentioned in thisletter, and will and command that they be thoroughly held by all children of the Catholic Church as reprobated, proscribed and condemned.

7. And besides these things, you know very well, Venerable Brethren, that in these times the haters of truth and justice and most bitter enemies of our religion, deceiving thepeople and maliciously lying, disseminate sundry and other impious doctrines by means of pestilential books, pamphlets and newspapers dispersed over the whole world.

Nor are you ignorant also, that in this our age some men are found who, moved and excited by the spirit of Satan, have reached to that degree of impiety as not to shrinkfrom denying our Ruler and Lord Jesus Christ, and from impugning His Divinity with wicked pertinacity. Here, however, we cannot but extol you, venerable brethren, withgreat and deserved praise, for not having failed to raise with all zeal your episcopal voice against impiety so great.

8. Therefore, in this our letter, we again most lovingly address you, who, having been called unto a part of our solicitude, are to us, among our grievous distresses, thegreatest solace, joy and consolation, because of the admirable religion and piety wherein you excel, and because of that marvellous love, fidelity, and dutifulness, wherebybound as you are to us. and to this Apostolic See in most harmonious affection, you strive strenuously and sedulously to fulfill your most weighty episcopal ministry. For fromyour signal pastoral zeal we expect that, taking up the sword of the spirit which is the word of God, and strengthened by the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, you will, withredoubled care, each day more anxiously provide that the faithful entrusted to your charge "abstain from noxious verbiage, which Jesus Christ does not cultivate because itis not His Father's plantation."7 Never cease also to inculcate on the said faithful that all true felicity flows abundantly upon man from our august religion and its doctrine andpractice; and that happy is the people whose God is their Lord.8 Teach that "kingdoms rest on the foundation of the Catholic Faith;9 and that nothing is so deadly, sohastening to a fall, so exposed to all danger, (as that which exists) if, believing this alone to be sufficient for us that we receive free will at our birth, we seek nothing further

from the Lord; that is, if forgetting our Creator we abjure his power that we may display our freedom."10 And again do not fail to teach "that the royal power was given notonly for the governance of the world, but most of all for the protection of the Church;"11 and that there is nothing which can be of g reater advantage and glory to Princes andKings than if, as another most wise and courageous Predecessor of ours, St. Felix, instructed the Emperor Zeno, they "permit the Catholic Church to practise her laws, andallow no one to oppose her liberty. For it is certain that this mode of conduct is beneficial to their interests, viz., that where there is question concerning the causes of God,they study, according to His appointment, to subject the royal will to Christ's Priests, not to raise it above theirs."12

9. But if always, venerable brethren, now most of all amidst such great calamities both of the Church and of civil society, amidst so great a conspiracy against Catholicinterests and this Apostolic See, and so great a mass of errors, it is altogether necessary to approach with confidence the throne of grace, that we may obtain mercy andfind grace in timely aid. Wherefore, we have thought it well to excite the piety of all the faithful in order that, together with us and you, they may unceasingly pray andbeseech the most merciful Father of light and pity with most fervent and humble prayers, and in the fullness of faith flee always to Our Lord Jesus Christ, who redeemed usto God in his blood, and earnestly and constantly supplicate His most sweet Heart, the victim of most burning love toward us, that He would draw all things to Himself by thebonds of His love, and that all men inflamed by His most holy love may walk worthily according to His heart, pleasing God in all things, bearing fruit in every good work. Butsince without doubt men's prayers are more pleasing to God if they reach Him from minds free from all stain, therefore we have determined to open to Christ's faithful, with

Apostolic liberality, the Church's heavenly treasures committed to our charge, in order that the said faithful, being more earnestly enkindled to true piety, and cleansedthrough the sacrament of Penance from the defilement of their sins, may with greater confidence pour forth their prayers to God, and obtain His mercy and grace.

10. By these Letters, therefore, in virtue of our Apostolic authority, we concede to all and singular the faithful of the Catholic world, a Plenary Indulgence in the form ofJubilee, during the space of one month only for the whole coming year 1865, and not beyond; to be f ixed by you, venerable brethren, and other legitimate Ordinaries ofplaces, in the very same manner and form in which we granted it at the beginning of our supreme Pontificate by our Apostolic Letters in the form of a Brief, dated November20, 1846, and addressed to all your episcopal Order, beginning, "Arcano Divinae Providentiae consilio," and with all the same faculties which were given by us in thoseLetters. We will, however, that all things be observed which were prescribed in the aforesaid Letters, and those things be excepted which we there so declared. And wegrant this, notwithstanding anything whatever to the contrary, even things which are worthy of individual mention and derogation. In order, however, that all doubt anddifficulty be removed, we have commanded a copy of said Letters be sent you.

11. "Let us implore," Venerable Brethren, "God's mercy from our inmost heart and with our whole mind; because He has Himself added, 'I will not remove my mercy fromthem.' Let us ask and we shall receive; and if there be delay and slowness in our receiving because we have gravely offended, let us knock, because to him that knocketh itshall be opened, if only the door be knocked by our prayers, groans and tears, in which we must persist and persevere, and if the prayer be unanimous . . . let each man


4/34

pray to God, not for himself alone, but for all his brethren, as the Lord hath taught us to pray."13 But in order that God may the more readily assent to the prayers anddesires of ourselves, of you and of all the faithful, let us with all confidence employ as or advocate with Him the Immaculate and most holy Virgin Mary, Mother of God, whohas slain all heresies throughout the world, and who, the most loving Mother of us all, "is all sweet . . . and full of mercy . . . shows herself to all as easily entreated; showsherself to all as most merciful; pities the necessities of all with a most large affection;"14 and standing as a Queen at the right hand of her only begotten Son, our Lord JesusChrist, in gilded clothing, surrounded with variety, can obtain from Him whatever she will. Let us also seek the suffrages of the Most Blessed Peter, Prince of the Apostles,and of Paul, his Fellow-Apostle, and of all the Saints in Heaven, who having now become God's friends, have arrived at the heavenly kingdom, and being crowned bear theirpalms, and being secure of their own immortality are anxious for our salvation.

12. Lastly, imploring from our great heart for You from God the abundance of all heavenly gifts, we most lovingly impart the Apostolic Benediction from our inmost heart, apledge of our signal love towards you, to yourselves, venerable brethren, and to all the clerics and lay faithful committed to your care.

Given at Rome, from St. Peter's, the 8th day of December, in the year 1864, the tenth from the Dogmatic Definition of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary, Motherof God.

In the nineteenth year of Our Pontificate.

Cardinal De la Rochefoucault, 10 March 1791.

to Synod. Ephes. apud Const., p. 1200.

St. Bernard, Serm. "de duodecim praerogativis B. M. V. ex verbis Apocalyp."

Source:http://www.papalencyclicals.net/Pius09/p9quanta.htm
http://www.papalencyclicals.net/Pius09/p9quanta.htmhttp://www.papalencyclicals.net/Pius09/p9quanta.htmhttp://www.papalencyclicals.net/Pius09/p9quanta.htmhttp://www.papalencyclicals.net/Pius09/p9quanta.htm


5/34

IV. SYLLABUS ERRORUM.

The Papal Syllabus of Errors. A.D. 1864.

[This document, though issued by the sole authority of Pope Pius IX., Dec. 8,1864, must be regarded now as infallible and irreformable, even without the formal sanction

of the Vatican Council. It is purely negative, but indirectly it teaches and enjoins the very opposite of what it condemns as error. See Vol. I. 20, pp. 128134.]

Syllabus complectens prcipuos nostr tatis Errores qui notantur in

Allocutionibus Consistorialibus, in Encyclicis, aliisque Apostolicis Letteris

Sanctissimi Domini Nostri Pii Pap IX.

The Syllabus of the principal errors of our time, which are stigmatized in the

Consistorial Allocutions, Encyclicals, and other Apostolical Letters of our

Most Holy Lord, Pope Pius IX.

I.PANTHEISMUS,NATURALI8MU8 ETRATIONALISMUS

ABSOLUTUS.

I. PANTHEISM,NATURALISM,ANDABSOLUTERATIONALISM.

1. Nullum supremum, sapientissimum, providentissimumque Numen

divinum exsistit ab hac rerum universitate distinctum, et Deus idem est ac

rerum natura et iccirco immutationibus obnoxius, Deusque reapse fit inhomine et mundo, atque omnia Deus sunt et ipsissimam Dei habent

substantiam; ac una eademque res est Deus cum mundo, et proinde spiritus

cum materia, necessitas cum libertate, verum cum falso, bonum cum malo,

et justum cum injusto.

1. There exists no supreme, most wise, and most provident divine being

distinct from the universe, and God is none other than nature, and is

therefore subject to change. In effect, God is produced in man and in theworld, and all things are God, and have the very substance of God. God is

therefore one and the same thing with the world, and thence spirit is the

same thing with matter, necessity with liberty, true with false, good with evil,

justice with injustice.

Alloc. Maxima quidem 9 junii 1862. Allocution Maxima quidem, 9th June, 1862.

2. Neganda, est omnis Dei actio in homines et mundum.2. All action of God upon man and the world is to be denied.


3. Humana ratio, nullo prorsus 3. Human reason, without any

214

Dei respectu habito, unicus est veri et falsi, boni et mali arbiter, sibi ipsi est

lex et naturalibus suis viribus ad hominum ac populorum bonum curandum

regard to God, is the sole arbiter of truth and falsehood, of good and evil; it

is its own law to itself, and suffices by its natural force to secure the welfare
http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/creeds2/png/0222=214.htmhttp://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/creeds2/png/0222=214.htmhttp://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/creeds2/png/0222=214.htm


6/34

sufficit. of men and of nations.


4. Omnes religionis veritates ex nativa human rationis vi derivant; hinc

ratio est princeps norma, qua homo cognotionem: omnium cujuscumque

generis veritatum assequi possit ac debeat.

4. All the truths of religion are derived from the native strength of human

reason; whence reason is the master rule by which man can and ought to

arrive at the knowledge of all truths of every kind.

Epist. encycl. Qui pluribus 9 novembris 1846. Encyclical Letters, Qui pluribus, 9th November, 1846.

Epist. encycl. Singulari quidem 17 martii 1856. Encyclical Letters, Singulari quidem, 17th March, 1856.

Alloc. Maxima quidem 9 junii 1862. Allocution Maxima quidem, 9th June,1862.

5. Divina revelatio est imperfecta et iccirco subjecta continuo et indefinito

progressui, qui human rationis progressioni respondeat.

5. Divine revelation is imperfect, and, therefore, subject to a continual and

indefinite progress, which corresponds with the progress of human reason.



6. Christi fides human refragatur rationi; divinaque revelatio non solum

nihil prodest, verum etiam nocet hominis perfectioni.

6. Christian faith contradicts human reason, and divine revelation not only

does not benefit, but even injures the perfection of man.



7. Propheti et miracula in 7. The prophecies and miracles


7/34

215

Sacris Litteris exposita et narrata sunt poetarum commenta, et Christian

fidei mysteria philosophicarum investigationum summa; et utriusque

Testamenti libris mythica continentur inventa; ipseque Jesus Christus est

mythica fictio.

set forth and narrated in the Sacred Scriptures are the fictions of poets; and

the mysteries of the Christian faith are the result of philosophical

investigations. In the books of both Testaments there are contained mythical

inventions, and Jesus Christ is himself a mythical fiction.



II.RATIONALISMUSMODERATUS. II.MODERATERATIONALISM.

8. Quum ratio humana ipsi religioni quiparetur, iccirco theologic

disciplin perinde ac philosophic tractand sunt.

8. As human reason is placed on a level with religion, so theological

matters must be treated in the same manner as philosophical ones.

Alloc. Singulari quadam perfusi9 decembris 1854. Allocution Singulari quadam perfusi, 9th December, 1854.

9. Omnia indiscriminatim dogmata religionis Christian sunt objectum

naturalis scienti seu philosophi; et humana ratio historice tantum exculta

potest ex suis naturalibus viribus et principiis ad veram de omnibus etiam

reconditioribus dogmatibus scientiam pervenire, modo hc dogmata ipsi

rationi tamquam objectum proposita fuerint.

9. All the dogmas of the Christian religion are, without exception, the

object of scientific knowledge or philosophy, and human reason, instructed

solely by history, is able, by its own natural strength and principles, to arrive

at the true knowledge of even the most abstruse dogmas: provided such

dogmas be proposed as subject-matter for human reason.

Epist. ad Archiep. Frising. Gravissimas 11 decembris 1862. Letterad Archiep. Frising. Gravissimas, 11th December, 1862.

Epist. ad eumdem Tuas libenter21 decembris 1863. To the same, Tuas libenter, 21st December, 1863.

10. Quum aliud sit philosophus, aliud philosophia, ille jus 10. As the philosopher is one thing, and philosophy is another, so

216
http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/creeds2/png/0223=215.htmhttp://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/creeds2/png/0223=215.htmhttp://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/creeds2/png/0224=216.htmhttp://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/creeds2/png/0224=216.htmhttp://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/creeds2/png/0224=216.htmhttp://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/creeds2/png/0223=215.htm


8/34

et officium habet se submittendi auctoritati, quam veram ipse probaverit; at

philosophia neque potest, neque debet ulli sese submittere auctoritati.

it is the right and duty of the philosopher to submit to the authority which he

shall have recognized as true; but philosophy neither can nor ought to

submit to any authority.

Epist. ad Archiep. Frising. Gravissimas 11 decembris 1862. Letterad Archiep. Frising. Gravissimas, 11th December, 1862.

Epist. ad eumdem Tuas libenter21 decembris 1863. To the same, Tuas libenter, 21st December, 1863.

11. Ecclesia non solum non debet in philosophiam unquam

animadvertere, verum etiam debet ipsius philosophi tolerare errores, eique

relinquere ut ipsa se corrigat.

11. The Church not only ought never to animadvert upon philosophy, but

ought to tolerate the errors of philosophy, leaving to philosophy the care of

their correction.

Epist. ad Arcbiep. Frising. Gravissimas 11 decembris 1862. Letterad Archiep. Frising. Gravissimas, 11th December, 1862.

12.Apostolic Sedis, Romanarumque Congregationum decreta liberum

scienti progressum impediunt.

12. The decrees of the Apostolic See and of the Roman Congregations

fetter the free progress of science.

Epist. ad Archiep. Frising. Tuas libenter21 decembris 1863. Letterad Archiep. Frising. Tuas libenter, 21st December, 1863.

13. Methodus et principia, quibus antiqui Doctores scholastici Theologiam

excoluerunt, temporum nostrorum necessitatibus scientiarumque progressui

minime congruunt.

13. The method and principles by which the old scholastic doctors

cultivated theology are no longer suitable to the demands of the age and the

progress of science.


14. Philosophia tractanda est, nulla supernaturalis revelationis habita

ratione.

14. Philosophy must be treated of without any account being taken of

supernatural revelation.

Epist. ad Archiep. Frising. Tuas libenter21 decembris 1863. Epist. ad Archiep. Frising. Tuas libenter, 21st December, 1863.


9/34

N. B.Cum rationalismi systemate cohrent N. B.To the rationalistic system belong,

217

maximam partem errores Antonii Grnther, qui damnantur in Epist. ad Card.

Archiep. Coloniensem Eximiam tuam 15junii1857, et in Epist. ad Episc.

Wratislaviensem Dolore haud mediocri 30 aprilis 1860.

in great part, the errors of Anthony Gnther, condemned in the letter to the

Cardinal Archbishop of Cologne, Eximiam tuam, June 15, 1857, and in that

to the Bishop of Breslau, Dolore haud mediocri, April 30, 1860.

III.INDIFFERENTISMUS,LATITUDINARISMUS. III.INDIFFERENTISM,LATITUDINARIANISM.

15. Liberum cuique homini est eam amplecti ac profiteri religionem, quam

rationis lumine quis ductus veram putaverit.

15. Every man is free to embrace and profess the religion he shall believe

true, guided by the light of reason.

Litt. Apost. Multiplices inter10 junii 1851. Apostolic Letter, Multiplices inter, 10th June, 1851.


16. Homines in cujusvis religionis cultu viam tern salutis reperire

ternamque salutem assequi possunt.

16. Men may in any religion find the way of eternal salvation, and obtain

eternal salvation.


Alloc. Ubi primum 17 decembris 1847. Allocution Ubi primum, 17th December, 1847.

Epist. encycl. Singulari quidem 17 martii 1856. Encyclical Letters, Singulari quidem, 17th March, 1856.

17. Saltem bene sperandum est de terna illorum omnium salute, qui in

vera Christi Ecclesia nequaquam versantur.

17. We may entertain at least a well-founded hope for the eternal

salvation of all those who are in no manner in the true Church of Christ.

Alloc. Singulari quadam 9 decembris 1854. Allocution Singulari qudam, 9th December, 1854.


10/34

Epist. encycl. Quanto conficiamur17 augustii 1863. Encyclical Letters, Quanto conficiamur, 17th August, 1863.

18. Protestantismus non aliud est quam diversa ver ejusdem

Christian religionis forma, in qua que ac in Ecclesia Catholica

18. Protestantism is nothing more than another form of the same true

Christian religion, in which it is possible to be equally

218

Deo placere datum est. pleasing to God as in the Catholic Church.

Epist. encycl Noscitis et Nobiscum 8 decembris 1849. Encyclical Letters, Noscitis et Nobiscum, 8th December, 1849.

IV. SOCIALISMUS,COMMUNISMUS, SOCIETATESCLANDESTIN,

SOCIETATESBIBLIC,SOCIETATESCLERICO-LIBERALES.

IV.SOCIALISM,COMMUNISM, SECRETSOCIETIES,BIBLICAL

SOCIETIES,CLERICO-LIBERALSOCIETIES.

Ejusmodi pestes spe gravissimisque verborum formulis reprobantur in

Epist. encycl. Qui pluribus 9 novembr. 1846; in Alloc. Quibus quantisque

20 april. 1849; in Epist. encycl. Noscitis et Nobiscum 8 dec.1849; in

Alloc. Singulari quadam 9 dec. 1854; in Epist. encycl. Quanto conficiamur

mrore 10 augusti1863.

Pests of this description are f requently rebuked in the severest terms in

the Encyc. Qui pluribus, Nov. 9, 1846; Alloc. Quibus quantisque, April 20,

1849; Encyc. Noscitis et Nobiscum, Dec. 8, 1849; Alloc. Singulari qudam,

Dec. 9, 1854; Encyc. Quanto conficiamur mrore, Aug. 10, 1863.

V. ERRORESDEECCLESIAEJUSQUEJURIBUS. V. ERRORSCONCERNINGTHECHURCHANDHERRIGHTS.

19. Ecclesia non est vera perfectaque societas plane libera, nec polletsuis propriis et constantibus juribus sibi a divino suo fundatore collatis, sed

civilis potestatis est definire qu sint Ecclesi jura ac limites, intra quos

eadem jura exercere queat.

19. The Church is not a true, and perfect, and entirely free society, nordoes she enjoy peculiar and perpetual rights conferred upon her by her

Divine Founder, but it appertains to the civil power to define what are the

rights and limits with which the Church may exercise authority.

Alloc. Singulari quadam 9 decembris 1854. Allocution Singulari quadam, 9th December, 1854.

Alloc. Multis gravibusque 17 decembris 1860. Allocution Multis gravibusque, 17th December, 1860.


11/34


20. Ecclesiastica potestas suam 20. The ecclesiastical power must

219

auctoritatem exercere non debet absque civilis gubernii venia et assensu. not exercise its authority without the permission and assent of the civilgovernment.

Alloc. Meminit unusquisque 30 septembris 1861. Allocution Meminit unusquisque, 30th September, 1861.

21. Ecclesia non habet potestatem dogmatice definiendi, religionem

Catholic Ecelesi esse unice veram religionem.

21. The Church has not the power of defining dogmatically that the

religion of the Catholic Church is the only true religion.


22. Obligatio, qua Catholici magistri et scriptores omnino adstringuntur,

coarctatur in iis tantum, qu ab infallibili Ecclesi judicio veluti fidei

dogmata ab omnibus credenda proponuntur.

22. The obligation which binds Catholic teachers and authors applies only

to those things which are proposed for universal belief as dogmas of the

faith, by the infallible judgment of the Church.


23. Romani Pontifices et Concilia cumenica a limitibus su potestatis

recesserunt, jura principum usurparunt, atque etiam in rebus fidei et morum

definiendis errarunt.

23. The Roman Pontiffs and cumenical Councils have exceeded the

limits of their power, have usurped the rights of princes, and have even

committed errors in defining matters of faith and morals.


24. Ecclesia vis inferend potestatem non habet, neque potestatem

ullam temporalem directam vel indirectam.

24. The Church has not the power of availing herself of force, or any

direct or indirect temporal power.


12/34

Litt. Apost.Ad apostolic 22 augusti 1851. Apostolic Letter,Ad apostolic, 22d August, 1851.

25. Prter potestatem Episcopatui inhrentem, alia est attributa

temporalis potestas a civili

25. In addition to the authority inherent in the Episcopate, a further and

temporal power is granted

220

imperio vel expresse vel tacite concessa, revocanda propterea, cum libuerit,

a civili imperio.

to it by the civil authority, either expressly or tacitly, which power is on that

account also revocable by the civil authority whenever it pleases.


26. Ecclesia non habet nativum ac legitimum jus acquirendi ac

possidendi.

26. The Church has not the innate and legitimate right of acquisition and

possession.

Alloc. Nunquam fore 15 decembris 1856. Allocution Nunquam fore, 15th Dec., 1856.

Epist. encycl. Incredibili17 septembris 1863. Encyclical Letters, Incredibili, 17th September, 1863.

27. Sacri Ecclesi ministri Romanusque Pontifex ab omni rerum

temporalium cura ac dominio sunt omnino excludendi.

27. The ministers of the Church, and the Roman Pontiff, ought to be

absolutely excluded from all charge and dominion over temporal affairs.


28. Episcopis, sine gubernii venia, fas non est vel ipsas apostolicas

litteras promulgare.

28. Bishops have not the right of promulgating even their apostolical

letters, without the permission of the government.


29. Grati a Romano Pontifice concess existimari debent tamquam 29. Dispensations granted by the Roman Pontiff must be considered null,


13/34

irrit, nisi per gubernium fuerint implorat. unless they have been asked for by the civil government.


30. Ecclesi et personarum ecclesiasticarum immunitas a jure civili ortum

habuit.

30. The immunity of the Church and of ecclesiastical persons derives its

origin from civil law.


31. Ecclesiasticum forum pro temporalibus clericorum causis sive civilibus

sive criminalibus omnino de medio tollendum est,

31. Ecclesiastical courts for temporal causes, of the clergy, whether civil

or criminal, ought by all means to be abolished, either without the

221

etiam inconsulta et reclamante Apostolica Sede. concurrence and against the protest of the Holy See.

Alloc.Acerbissimum 27 septembris 1852. AllocutionAcerbissimum, 27th September, 1852.

Alloc. Nunquam fore 15 decembris 1856. Allocation Nunquam fore, 15th December, 1856.

32.Absque ulla naturalis juris et quitatis violatione potest abrogari

personalis immunitas, qua clerici ab onere subeund exercendque militi

eximuntur; hanc vero abrogationem postulat civilis progressus maxime in

societate ad formam liberioris regiminis constituta.

32. The personal immunity exonerating the clergy from military service

may be abolished, without violation either of natural right or of equity. Its

abolition is called for by civil progress, especially in a community constituted

upon principles of liberal government.

Epist. ad Epistc. Montisregal. Singularis Nobisque 29 septembris 1864. Letter to the Archbishop of Montreal, Singularis nobisque, 29th

September, 1864.

33. Non pertinet unice ad ecclesiasticam jurisdictionis potestatem proprio

ac nativo jure dirigere theologicarum rerum doctrinam.

33. It does not appertain exclusively to ecclesiastical jurisdiction, by any

right, proper and inherent, to direct the teaching of theological subjects.


14/34


34. Doctrina, comparantium Romanum Pontificem principi libero et agenti

in universa Ecclesia doctrina est qu media vo prvaluit.

34. The teaching of those who compare the sovereign Pontiff to a free

sovereign acting in the universal Church is a doctrine which prevailed in the

middle ages.


35. Nihil vetat, alicujus concilii generalis sententia aut universorum

populorum facto, summum Pontificatum ab Romano Episcopo atque Urbe

ad alium

35. There would be no obstacle to the sentence of a general council, or

the act of all the universal peoples, transferring the pontifical sovereignty

from the Bishop and

222

Episcopum aliamque civitatem transferri. City of Rome to some other bishopric and some other city.


36. Nationalis consilii definitio nullam aliam admittit disputationem,

civilisque administratio rem ad hosce terminos exigere potest.

36. The definition of a national council does not admit of any subsequent

discussion, and the civil power can regard as settled an affair decided by

such national council.


37. Institui possunt nationales Ecclesi ab auctoritate Romani Pontificis

subduct planeque divis.

37. National churches can be established, after being withdrawn and

plainly separated from the authority of the Roman Pontiff.

Alloc. Multis gravibusgue 17 decembris 1860. Allocution Multis gravibusque, 17th December, 1860.

Alloc. Jamdudum cernimus 18 martii 1861. Allocution Jamdudum cernimus, 18th March, 1861.


15/34

38. Divisioni Ecclesi in orientalem atque occidentalem nimia

Romanorum Pontificum arbitria contulerunt.

38. Roman Pontiffs have, by their too arbitrary conduct, contributed to the

division of the Church into eastern and western.


VI. ERRORESDESOCIETATECIVILITUMINSE,TUMINSUIS AD

ECCLESIAM RELATIONIBUS SPECTATA.

VI. ERRORSABOUTCIVILSOCIETY,CONSIDEREDBOTHINITSELF

ANDINITSRELATIONTOTHECHURCH.

39. Reipublic status, utpote omnium jurium origo et fons, jure quodam

pollet nullis circumscripto limitibus.

39. The commonwealth is the origin and source of all rights, and

possesses rights which are not circumscribed by any limits.


40. Catholic Ecclesia doctrina 40. The teaching of the Catholic

223

human societatis bono et commodis adversatur. Church is opposed to the well-being and interests of society.


Alloc. Quibus quantisque 20 aprilis 1849. Allocution Quibus quantisque, 20th April, 1849.

41. Civili potestati vel ab infideli imperante exercit competit potestas

indirecta negativa in sacra; eidem proinde competit nedum jus quod

vocantexequatur, sed etiam jus appellationis, quam nuncupant, ab abusu.

41. The civil power, even when exercised by an unbelieving sovereign,

possesses an indirect and negative power over religious affairs. It therefore

possesses not only the right called that ofexequatur, but that of the (so-

called) appellatio ab abusu.

Litt. Apost.Ad apostolic 22 augusti 1851. Apostolic Letter,Ad apostolic, 22d August. 1851.


16/34

42. In conflictu legum utriusque potestatis jus civile prvalet. 42. In the case of conflicting laws between the two powers, the civil law

ought to prevail.


43. Laica potestas auctoritatem habet rescindendi, declarandi ac faciendi

irritas solemnes conventiones (vulgo Concordata) super usu jurium adecclesiasticam immunitatem pertinentium cum Sede Apostolica initas, sine

hujus consensu, immo et ea reclamante.

43. The civil power has a right to break, and to declare and render null,

the conventions (commonly called Concordats) concluded with the ApostolicSee, relative to the use of rights appertaining to the ecclesiastical immunity,

without the consent of the Holy See, and even contrary to its protest.

Alloc. In Consistoriali1 novembris 1850. Allocution In Consistoriali, 1st Nov., 1850.


44. Civilis auctoritas potest se immiscere rebus qu ad religionem, mores

et regimen spirituale

44. The civil authority may interfere in matters relating to religion,

morality, and spiritual government.

224

pertinent. Hinc potest de instructionibus judicare, quas Ecclesi pastores ad

conscientiarum normam pro suo munere edunt, quin etiam potest de

divinorum sacramentorum administratione et dispositionibus ad ea

suscipienda necessariis decernere.

Hence it has control over the instructions for the guidance of consciences

issued, conformably with their mission, by the pastors of the Church.

Further, it possesses power to decree, in the matter of administering the

divine sacraments, as to the dispositions necessary for their reception.



45. Totum scholarum publicarum regimen, in quibus juventus Christian

alicujus reipublic instituitur, episcopalibus dumtaxat seminariis aliqua

ratione exceptis, potest ac debet attribui auctoritati civili, et ita quidem

attribui, ut nullam alii cuicumque auctoritati recognoscatur jus immiscendi se

45. The entire direction of public schools, in which the youth of Christian

states are educated, except (to a certain extent) in the case of episcopal

seminaries, may and must appertain to the civil power, and belong to it so

far that no other authority whatsoever shall be recognized as having any


17/34

in disciplina scholarum, in regimine studiorum, in graduum collatione, in

dilectu aut approbatione magistrorum.

right to interfere in the discipline of the schools, the arrangement of the

studies, the taking of degrees, or the choice and approval of the teachers.


Alloc. Quibus luctuosissimis 5 septembris 1851. Allocution Quibus luctuosissimis, 5th September, 1851.

46. Immo in ipsis clericorum seminariis methodus studiorum adhibenda

civili auctoritati subjicitur.

46. Much more, even in clerical seminaries, the method of study to be

adopted is subject to the civil authority.

Alloc. Nunquam fore 15 decembris 1856. Allocution Nimquam fore, 15 Dec., 1856.

47. Postulat optima civilis societatis ratio, ut populares schol, qu

patent omnibus cujusque e populo classis pueris, ac publica

47. The best theory of civil society requires that popular schools open to

the children of all classes, and, generally, all public institutes

225

universim instituta, qu litteris severioribusque disciplinis tradendis et

educationi juventutis curand sunt destinata, eximantur ab omni Ecclesi

auctoritate, moderatrice vi et ingerentia, plenoque civilis ac politic

auctoritatis arbitrio subjiciantur ad imperantium placita et ad communium

tatis opinionum amussim.

intended for instruction in letters and philosophy, and for conducting the

education of the young, should be freed from all ecclesiastical authority,

government, and interference, and should be fully subject to the civil and

political power, in conformity with the will of rulers and the prevalent opinions

of the age.

Epist. ad Archiep. Friburg. Quum non sine 14 julii 1864. Letter to the Archbishop of Fribourg, Quum non sine, 14th July, 1864.

48. Catholicis viris probari potest ea juventutis instituend ratio, qu s it a

Catholica fide et ab Ecclesi potestate sejuncta, quque rerum dumtaxat

naturalium scientiam ac terren socialis vit fines tantummodo vel saltem

primario spectet.

48. This system of instructing youth, which consists in separating it from

the Catholic faith and from the power of the Church, and in teaching

exclusively, or at least primarily, the knowledge of natural things and the

earthly ends of social life alone, may be approved by Catholics.

Epist. ad Archiep. Friburg. Quum non sine 14 julii 1864. Letter to the Archbishop of Fribourg, Quum non sine, 14th July, 1864.


18/34

49. Civilis auctoritas potest impedire quominus sacrorum antistites et

fideles populi cum Romano Pontifice libere ac mutuo communicent.

49. The civil power has the right to prevent ministers of religion, and the

faithful, from communicating freely and mutually with each other, and with

the Roman Pontiff.


50. Laica auctoritas habet per se jus prsentandi episcopos et potest abillis exigere, ut ineant dicesium procurationem, antequam ipsi canonicam

at S. Sede institutionem

50. The secular authority possesses, as inherent in itself, the right ofpresenting bishops, and may require of them that they take possession of

their dioceses before having received canonical institution

226

et apostolicas litteras accipiant. and the apostolic letters from the Holy See.


51. Immo laicum gubernium habet jus deponendi ab exercitio pastoralis

ministerii episcopos, neque tenetur obedire Romano Pontifici in iis qu

episcopatuum et episcoporum respiciunt institutionem.

51. And, further, the secular government has the right of deposing

bishops from their pastoral functions, and it is not bound to obey the Roman

Pontiff in those things which relate to episcopal sees and the institution of

bishops.


Alloc.Acerbissimum 27 septembris 1852. AllocutionAcerbissimum, 27th Sept., 1852.

52. Gubernium potest suo jure immutare tatem ab Ecclesia

prscriptam pro religiosa tam mulierum quam virorum professione,

omnibusque religiosis familiis indicere, ut neminem sine suo permissu ad

solemnia vota nuncupanda admittant.

52. The government has of itself the right to alter the age prescribed by

the Church for the religious profession, both of men and women; and it may

enjoin upon all religious establishments to admit no person to take solemn

vows without its permission.



19/34

53.Abrogand sunt leges qu ad religiosarum familiarum statum

tutandum, earumque jura et officia pertinent; immo potest civile gubernium

iis omnibus auxilium prstare, qui a suscepto religios vit instituto

deficere ac solemnia vota frangere velint; pariterque potest religiosas

easdem familias perinde ac collegiatas Ecclesias, et beneficia simplicia

etiam juris patronatus penitus extinguere, illorumque bona et reditus

53. The laws for the protection of religious establishments, and securing

their rights and duties, ought to be abolished: nay, more, the civil

government may lend its assistance to all who desire to quit the religious life

they have undertaken, and break their vows. The government may also

suppress religious orders, collegiate churches, and simple benefices, even

those belonging to private patronage, and submit their goods and revenues

to the administration

227

civilis potestatis administrationi et arbitrio subjicere et vindicare. and disposal of the civil power.


Alloc. Probe memineritis 22 januarii 1855. Allocution Probe memineritis, 22d Jan., 1855.

Alloc. Cum spie 26 julii 1855. Allocution Cum spe, 26th July, 1855.

54. Reges et principes non solum ab Ecclesi jurisdictione eximuntur,

verum etiam in qustionibus jurisdiotionis dirimendis superiores sunt

Ecclesia.

54. Kings and princes are not only exempt from the jurisdiction of the

Church, but are superior to the Church, in litigated questions of jurisdiction.


55. Ecclesia a Statu, Statusque ab Ecclesia sejungendus est. 55. The Church ought to be separated from the State, and the State from

the Church.


VIII.ERRORESDEETHICANATURALIETCHRISTIANA. VIII. ERRORSCONCERNINGNATURALANDCHRISTIANETHICS.

56. Morum leges divina haud egent sanctione, minimeque opus est ut 56. Moral laws do not stand in need of the divine sanction, and there is no


20/34

human leges ad natur jus confirmentur aut obligandi vim a Deo

accipiant.

necessity that human laws should be conformable to the law of nature, and

receive their sanction from God.


57. Philosophicarum rerum morumque scientia, itemque civiles leges

possunt et debent a divina et ecclesiastica auctoritate declinare.

57. Knowledge of philosophical things and morals, and also civil laws,

may and must depart from divine and ecclesiastical authority.


58.Ali vires non sunt agnoscend nisi ill qu in materia posit sunt,

et omnis morum disciplina honestasque collocari

58. No other forces are to be recognized than those which reside in

matter; and all moral teaching and moral excellence ought to be

228

debet in cumulandis et augendis quovis modo divitiis ac in voluptatibus

explendis.

made to consist in the accumulation and increase of riches by every

possible means, and in the enjoyment of pleasure.


Epist. encycl. Quanta conficiamur10 augusti 1863. Encyclical Letters, Quanto conficiamur, 10th August, 1863.

59. Jus in materiali facto consistit, et omnia hominum officia sunt nomen

inane, et omnia humana facta juris vim habent.

59. Right consists in the material fact, and all human duties are but vain

words, and all human acts have the force of right.


60.Auctoritas nihil aliud est nisi numeri et materialium virium summa. 60. Authority is nothing else but the result of numerical superiority and

material force.


21/34


61. Fortunata facti injustitia nullum juris sanctitati detrimentum affert. 61. An unjust act, being successful, inflicts no injury upon the sanctity of

right.


62. Proclamandum est et observandum principium quod vocant denon-

interventu.

62. The principle ofnon-intervention, as it is called, ought to be

proclaimed and adhered to.

Alloc. Novos et ante 28 septembris 1860. Allocution Novos et ante, 28th Sept., 1860.

63. Legitimis principibus obedientiam detrectare, immo et rebellare licet. 63. It is allowable to refuse obedience to legitimate princes: nay, more, to

rise in insurrection against them.


Alloc. Quisque vestrum 4 octobris 1847. Allocution Quisque vestrum, 4th Oct., 1847.

Epist. encycl. Noscitis et Nobiscum 8 decembris 1849. Encyclical Letters, Noscitis et Nobiscum, 8th December, 1849.

Litt. Apost. Cum catholica 26 martii 1860. Apostolic Letter, Cum catholica, 26th March, 1860.

64. Tum cujusque sanctissimi 64. The violation of a solemn

229

juramenti violatio, tum qulibet scelesta flagitiosaque actio sempitern legi

repugnans, non solum haud est improbanda, verum etiam omnino licita,summisque laudibus efferenda, quando id pro patri amore agatur.

oath, even every wicked and flagitious action repugnant to the eternal law, is

not only not blamable, but quite lawful, and worthy of the highest praise,when done for the love of country.


22/34

Alloc. Quibus quantisque 20 aprilis 1849. Allocation Quibus quantisque, 20th April, 1849.

VIII.ERRORESDEMATRIMONIOCHRISTIANO. VIII. THEERRORSCONCERNINGCHRISTIANMARRIAGE.

65. Nulla ratione ferri potest, Christum evexisse matrimonium ad

dignitatem sacramenti.

65. It can not be by any means tolerated, to maintain that Christ has

raised marriage to the dignity of a sacrament.


66. Matrimonii sacramentum non est nisi quid contractui accessorium ab

eoque separabile, ipsumque sacramentum in una tantum nuptiali

benedictione situm est.

66. The sacrament of marriage is only an adjunct of the contract, and

separable from it, and the sacrament itself consists in the nuptial benediction

alone.


67. Jure natur matrimonii vinculum non est indissolubile et in variis

casibus divortium proprie dictum auctoritate civili sanciri potest.

67. By the law of nature, the marriage tie is not indissoluble, and in many

cases divorce, properly so called, may be pronounced by the civil authority.


Alloc.Acerbissimum 27 septembris 1852. AllocutionAcerbissimum, 27th Sept. 1852.

68. Ecclesia non habet potestatem impedimenta matrimonium dirimentia

inducendi, sed ea potestas civili auctoritati competit,

68. The Church has not the power of laying down what are diriment

impediments to marriage. The civil authority does possess such a

230

a qua impedimenta existentia tollenda sunt. power, and can do away with existing impediments to marriage.



23/34

69. Ecclesia sequioribus scutis dirimentia impedimenta inducere cpit,

non jure proprio, sed illo jure usa, quod a civili potestate mutuata erat.

69. The Church only commenced in later ages to bring in diriment

impediments, and then availing herself of a right not her own, but borrowed

from the civil power.


70. Tridentini canones, qui anathematis censuram illis inferunt, quifacultatem impedimenta dirimentia inducendi Ecclesi negare audeant, vel

non sunt dogmatici vel de hac mutuata potestate intelligendi sunt.

70. The canons of the Council of Trent, which pronounce censure ofanathema against those who deny to the Church the right of laying down

what are diriment impediments, either are not dogmatic, or must be

understood as referring only to such borrowed power.


71. Tridentini forma sub infirmitatis pna non obligat, ubi lex civilis aliam

formam prstituat, et velit hac nova forma interveniente matrimoniumvalere.

71. The form of solemnizing marriage prescribed by the said Council,

under penalty of nullity, does not bind in cases where the civil law hasappointed another form, and where it decrees that this new form shall

effectuate a valid marriage.


72. Bonifacius VIII. votum castitatis in ordinatione emissum nuptias nullas

reddere primus asseruit.

72. Boniface VIII. is the first who declared that the vow of chastity

pronounced at ordination annuls nuptials.

Litt. Apost.Ad apostolic 22 augusti 1851. Apostolic Letter,Ad apostolic 22d August, 1851.

231

73. Vi contractus mere civilis potest inter Christianos constare veri

nominis matrimonium; falsumque est, aut contractum matrimonii inter

Christianos semper esse sacramentum, aut nullum esse contractum, si

sacramentum excludatur.

73. A merely civil contract may, among Christians, constitute a true

marriage; and it is false, either that the marriage contract between Christians

is always a sacrament, or that the contract is null if the sacrament be

excluded.


24/34


Lettera di S. S. PIO IX. al Re di Sardegna 9 settembre 1852. Letter to the King of Sardinia, 9th September, 1852.



74. Causs matrimoniales et sponsalia suapte natura ad forum civile

pertinent.

74. Matrimonial causes and espousals belong by their very nature to civil

jurisdiction.



N. B.Huc facere possunt duo alii errores de clericorum clibatu

abolendo et de statu matrimonii statui virginitatis anteferendo. (Confodiuntur,

prior in epist. encycl. Qui pluribus 9novembris 1846,posterior in litteris

apost. Multiplices inter 10junii1851.)

N. B.Two other errors may tend in this direction, those upon the

abolition of the celibacy of priests, and the preference due to the state of

marriage over that of virginity. These have been proscribed; the first in the

Encyclical Qui pluribus, Nov. 9, 1846; the second in the Apostolic

LetterMultiplices inter, June 10th, 1851.

IX.ERRORESDECIVILIROMANIPONTIFICISPRINCIPATU. IX.ERRORSREGARDINGTHECIVILPOWEROFTHESOVEREIGN

PONTIFF.

75. De temporalis regni cum spirituali compatibilitate disputant inter se

Christian et Catholic Ecclesi filii.

75. The children of the Christian and Catholic Church are not agreed

upon the compatibility of the temporal with the spiritual power.


232


25/34

76.Abrogatio civilis imperii, quo Apostolica Sedes potitur, ad Ecclesi

libertatem felicitatemque vel maxime conduceret.

76. The abolition of the temporal power, of which the Apostolic See is

possessed, would contribute in the greatest degree to the liberty and

prosperity of the Church.

Alloc. Quibus quantisque 20 aprilis 1849. Allocution Quibus quantisque, 20th April, 1849.

N. B.

Prter hos errores explicite notatos, alii complures implicitereprobantur, proposita et asserta doctrina, quam Catholici omnes firmissime

retinere debeant, de civili Romani Pontificis principatu. (Ejusmodi doctrina

luculenter traditur in Alloc. Quibus quantisque 20 aprilis 1849; inAlloc. Si

semper antea 20 maii1850; in Litt. apost. Quum Catholica Ecclesia

26 martii1860; inAlloc. Novos 28 sept. 1860; inAlloc. Jamdudum

18 martii1861; in Alloc. Maxima quidem 9junii1862.

N. B.Besides these errors, explicitly noted, many others are impliedlvrebuked by the proposed and asserted doctrine, which all Catholics are

bound most firmly to hold, touching the temporal sovereignty of the Roman

Pontiff. These doctrines are clearly stated in the AllocutionsQuibus

quantisque, 20th April, 1849, and Si semper antea, 20th May, 1850; Apost.

LetterQuum Catholica Ecclesia, 26th March, 1860; Allocutions Novos, 28th

Sept., 1860; Jamdudum, 18th March, 1861; and Maxima quidem, 9th June,

1862.

X.

ERRORESQUIADLIBERALISMUMHODIERNUMREFERUNTUR. X.

ERRORSHAVINGREFERENCETOMODERNLIBERALISM.

77.tate hac nostra non amplius expedit, religionem Catholicam haberi

tamquam unicam Status religionem, ceteris quibuscumque cultibus exclusis.

78. In the present day, it is no longer expedient that the Catholic religion

shall be held as the only religion of the State, to the exclusion of all other

modes of worship.

Alloc. Nemo vestrum 26 julii 1855. Allocution Nemo vestrum, 26th July, 1855.

78. Hinc laudabiliter in quibusdam Catholici nominis regionibus legecautum est, ut hominibus illuc immigrantibus liceat publicum proprii cujusque

cultus exercitium habere.

78. Whence it has been wisely provided by law, in some countries calledCatholic, that persons coming to reside therein shall enjoy the public

exercise of their own worship.


79. Enimvero falsum est, civilem cujusque cultus libertatem, 79. Moreover, it is false that the civil liberty of every mode of worship,

233


26/34

itemque plenam potestatem omnibus attributam quaslibet opiniones

cogitationesque palam publiceque manifestandi conducere ad populorum

mores animosque facilius corrumpendos ac indifferentismi pestem

propogandam.

and the full power given to all of overtly and publicly manifesting their

opinions and their ideas, of all kinds whatsoever, conduce more easily to

corrupt the morals and minds of the people, and to the propagation of the

pest of indifferentism.

Alloc. Nunquam fore 15 decembris 1856. Allocation Nunquam fore, 15th Dec., 1856.

80. Romanus Pontifex potest ac debet cum progressu, cum liberalismo et

cum recenti civilitate sese reconciliare et componere.

80. The Roman Pontiff can and ought to reconcile himself to, and agree

with, progress, liberalism, and civilization as lately introduced.


Source:http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/creeds2.v.i.iv.html
http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/creeds2.v.i.iv.htmlhttp://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/creeds2.v.i.iv.htmlhttp://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/creeds2.v.i.iv.htmlhttp://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/creeds2.v.i.iv.html


27/34

THE SYLLABUS

Pope Pius IX

I. PANTHEISM, NATURALISM AND ABSOLUTE RATIONALISM

1. There exists no Supreme, all-wise, all-provident Divine Being, distinct from the universe, and God is identical with the nature of things, and is, therefore, subject to

changes. In effect, God is produced in man and in the world, and all things are God and have the very substance of God, and God is one and the same thing withthe world, and, therefore, spirit with matter, necessity with liberty, good with evil, justice with injustice.Allocution "Maxima quidem," June 9, 1862.

2. All action of God upon man and the world is to be denied.Ibid.

3. Human reason, without any reference whatsoever to God, is the sole arbiter of truth and falsehood, and of good and evil; i t is law to itself, and suffices, by itsnatural force, to secure the welfare of men and of nations.Ibid.

4. All the truths of religion proceed from the innate strength of human reason; hence reason is the ultimate standard by which man can and ought to arrive at theknowledge of all truths of every kind.Ibid. and Encyclical "Qui pluribus," Nov. 9, 1846, etc.

5. Divine revelation is imperfect, and therefore subject to a continual and indefinite progress, corresponding with the advancement of human reason.Ibid.

6. The faith of Christ is in opposition to human reason and divine revelation not only is not useful, but is even hurtful to the perfection of man.Ibid.

7. The prophecies and miracles set forth and recorded in the Sacred Scriptures are the fiction of poets, and the mysteries of the Christian faith the result ofphilosophical investigations. In the books of the Old and the New Testament there are contained mythical inventions, and Jesus Christ is Himself a myth.

II. MODERATE RATIONALISM

8. As human reason is placed on a level with religion itself, so theological must be treated in the same manner as philosophical sciences.Allocution "Singulariquadam," Dec. 9, 1854.

9. All the dogmas of the Christian religion are indiscriminately the object of natural science or philosophy, and human reason, enlightened solely in an historical way,is able, by its own natural strength and principles, to attain to the true science of even the most abstruse dogmas; provided only that such dogmas be proposed toreason itself as its object.Letters to the Archbishop of Munich, "Gravissimas inter," Dec. 11, 1862, and "Tuas libenter," Dec. 21, 1863.

10. As the philosopher is one thing, and philosophy another, so it is the right and duty of the philosopher to subject himself to the authority which he shall haveproved to be true; but philosophy neither can nor ought to submit to any such authority.Ibid., Dec. 11, 1862.

11. The Church not only ought never to pass judgment on philosophy, but ought to tolerate the errors of philosophy, leaving it to correct itself.Ibid., Dec. 21, 1863.

12. The decrees of the Apostolic See and of the Roman congregations impede the true progress of science.Ibid.

13 Th th d d i i l b hi h th ld h l ti d t lti t d th l l it bl t th d d f ti d t th f th


28/34

13. The method and principles by which the old scholastic doctors cultivated theology are no longer suitable to the demands of our times and to the progress of thesciences.Ibid.

14. Philosophy is to be treated without taking any account of supernatural revelation.Ibid.

III. INDIFFERENTISM, LATITUDINARIANISM

15. Every man is free to embrace and profess that religion which, guided by the light of reason, he shall consider true.Allocution "Maxima quidem," June 9, 1862;

Damnatio "Multiplices inter," June 10, 1851.

16. Man may, in the observance of any religion whatever, find the way of eternal salvation, and arrive at eternal salvation.Encyclical "Qui pluribus," Nov. 9, 1846.

17. Good hope at least is to be entertained of the eternal salvation of all those who are not at all in the true Church of Christ.Encyclical "Quanto conficiamur," Aug.10, 1863, etc.

18. Protestantism is nothing more than another form of the same true Christian religion, in which form it is given to please God equally as in the Catholic Church.Encyclical "Noscitis," Dec. 8, 1849.

IV. SOCIALISM, COMMUNISM, SECRET SOCIETIES, BIBLICAL SOCIETIES, CLERICO-LIBERAL SOCIETIES

Pests of this kind are frequently reprobated in the severest terms in the Encyclical "Qui pluribus," Nov. 9, 1846, Allocution "Quibus quantisque," April 20, 1849,Encyclical "Noscitis et nobiscum," Dec. 8, 1849, Allocution "Singulari quadam," Dec. 9, 1854, Encyclical "Quanto conficiamur," Aug. 10, 1863.

V. ERRORS CONCERNING THE CHURCH AND HER RIGHTS

19. The Church is not a true and perfect society, entirely free- nor is she endowed with proper and perpetual rights of her own, conferred upon her by her Divine

Founder; but it appertains to the civil power to define what are the rights of the Church, and the limits within which she may exercise those rights.Allocution"Singulari quadam," Dec. 9, 1854, etc.

20. The ecclesiastical power ought not to exercise its authority without the permission and assent of the civil government.Allocution "Meminit unusquisque," Sept.30, 1861.

21. The Church has not the power of defining dogmatically that the religion of the Catholic Church is the only true religion.Damnatio "Multiplices inter," June 10,1851.

22. The obligation by which Catholic teachers and authors are strictly bound is confined to those things only which are proposed to universal belief as dogmas offaith by the infallible judgment of the Church.Letter to the Archbishop of Munich, "Tuas libenter," Dec. 21, 1863.

23. Roman pontiffs and ecumenical councils have wandered outside the limits of their powers, have usurped the rights of princes, and have even erred in defining

matters of faith and morals Damnatio "Multiplices inter " June 10 1851


29/34

matters of faith and morals.Damnatio "Multiplices inter," June 10, 1851.

24. The Church has not the power of using force, nor has she any temporal power, direct or indirect.Apostolic Letter "Ad Apostolicae," Aug. 22, 1851.

25. Besides the power inherent in the episcopate, other temporal power has been attributed to it by the civil authority granted either explicitly or tacitly, which on thataccount is revocable by the civil authority whenever it thinks fit.Ibid.

26. The Church has no innate and legitimate right of acquiring and possessing property.Allocution "Nunquam fore," Dec. 15, 1856; Encyclical "Incredibili," Sept. 7,1863.

27. The sacred ministers of the Church and the Roman pontiff are to be absolutely excluded from every charge and dominion over temporal affairs.Allocution"Maxima quidem," June 9, 1862.

28. It is not lawful for bishops to publish even letters Apostolic without the permission of Government.Allocution "Nunquam fore," Dec. 15, 1856.

29. Favours granted by the Roman pontiff ought to be considered null, unless they have been sought for through the civil government.Ibid.

30. The immunity of the Church and of ecclesiastical persons derived its origin from civil law.Damnatio "Multiplices inter," June 10, 1851.

31. The ecclesiastical forum or tribunal for the temporal causes, whether civil or criminal, of clerics, ought by all means to be abolished, even without consulting andagainst the protest of the Holy See.Allocution "Nunquam fore," Dec. 15, 1856; Allocution "Acerbissimum," Sept. 27, 1852.

32. The personal immunity by which clerics are exonerated from military conscription and service in the army may be abolished without violation either of naturalright or equity. Its abolition is called for by civil progress, especially in a society framed on the model of a liberal government.Letter to the Bishop of Monreale"Singularis nobisque," Sept. 29, 1864.

33. It does not appertain exclusively to the power of ecclesiastical jurisdiction by right, proper and innate, to direct the teaching of theological questions.Letter tothe Archbishop of Munich, "Tuas libenter," Dec. 21, 1863.

34. The teaching of those who compare the Sovereign Pontiff to a prince, free and acting in the universal Church, is a doctrine which prevailed in the Middle Ages.Apostolic Letter "Ad Apostolicae," Aug. 22, 1851.

35. There is nothing to prevent the decree of a general council, or the act of all peoples, from transferring the supreme pontificate from the bishop and city of Rometo another bishop and another city.Ibid.

36. The definition of a national council does not admit of any subsequent discussion, and the civil authority car assume this principle as the basis of its acts.Ibid.

37. National churches, withdrawn from the authority of the Roman pontiff and altogether separated, can be established.Allocution "Multis gravibusque," Dec. 17,1860.

38. The Roman pontiffs have, by their too arbitrary conduct, contributed to the division of the Church into Eastern and Western.Apostolic Letter "Ad Apostolicae,"Aug. 22, 1851.

VI ERRORS ABOUT CIVIL SOCIETY CONSIDERED BOTH IN ITSELF AND IN ITS RELATION TO THE CHURCH


30/34

VI. ERRORS ABOUT CIVIL SOCIETY, CONSIDERED BOTH IN ITSELF AND IN ITS RELATION TO THE CHURCH

39. The State, as being the origin and source of all rights, is endowed with a certain right not circumscribed by any limits.Allocution "Maxima quidem," June 9,1862.

40. The teaching of the Catholic Church is hostile to the well- being and interests of society.Encyclical "Qui pluribus," Nov. 9, 1846; Allocution "Quibusquantisque," April 20, 1849.

41. The civil government, even when in the hands of an infidel sovereign, has a right to an indirect negative power over religious affairs. It therefore possesses notonly the right called that of "exsequatur," but also that of appeal, called "appellatio ab abusu."Apostolic Letter "Ad Apostolicae," Aug. 22, 1851

42. In the case of conflicting laws enacted by the two powers, the civil law prevails.Ibid.

43. The secular Dower has authority to rescind, declare and render null, solemn conventions, commonly called concordats, entered into with the Apostolic See,regarding the use of rights appertaining to ecclesiastical immunity, without the consent of the Apostolic See, and even in spite of its protest.Allocution "Multisgravibusque," Dec. 17, 1860; Allocution "In consistoriali," Nov. 1, 1850.

44. The civil authority may interfere in matters relating to religion, morality and spiritual government: hence, it can pass judgment on the instructions issued for theguidance of consciences, conformably with their mission, by the pastors of the Church. Further, it has the right to make enactments regarding the administration ofthe divine sacraments, and the dispositions necessary for receiving them.Allocutions "In consistoriali," Nov. 1, 1850, and "Maxima quidem," June 9, 1862.

45. The entire government of public schools in which the youth- of a Christian state is educated, except (to a certain extent) in the case of episcopal seminaries, mayand ought to appertain to the civil power, and belong to it so far that no other authority whatsoever shall be recognized as having any right to interfere in thediscipline of the schools, the arrangement of the studies, the conferring of degrees, in the choice or approval of the teachers.Allocutions "Quibus luctuosissimis,"Sept. 5, 1851, and "In consistoriali," Nov. 1, 1850.

46. Moreover, even in ecclesiastical seminaries, the method of studies to be adopted is subject to the civil authority.Allocution "Nunquam fore," Dec. 15, 1856.

47. The best theory of civil society requires that popular schools open to children of every class of the people, and, generally, all public institutes intended forinstruction in letters and philosophical sciences and for carrying on the education of youth, should be freed from all ecclesiastical authority, control and interference,and should be fully subjected to the civil and political power at the pleasure of the rulers, and according to the standard of the prevalent opinions of the age.Epistleto the Archbishop of Freiburg, "Cum non sine," July 14, 1864.

48. Catholics may approve of the system of educating youth unconnected with Catholic faith and the power of the Church, and which regards the knowledge ofmerely natural things, and only, or at least primarily, the ends of earthly social life.Ibid.

49. The civil power may prevent the prelates of the Church and the faithful from communicating freely and mutually with the Roman pontiff.Allocution "Maximaquidem," June 9, 1862.

50. Lay authority possesses of itself the right of presenting bishops, and may require of them to undertake the administration of the diocese before they receivecanonical institution, and the Letters Apostolic from the Holy See.Allocution "Nunquam fore," Dec. 15, 1856.

51. And, further, the lay government has the right of deposing bishops from their pastoral functions, and is not bound to obey the Roman pontiff in those things whichrelate to the institution of bishoprics and the appointment of bishops.Allocution "Acerbissimum," Sept. 27, 1852, Damnatio "Multiplices inter," June 10, 1851.

52. Government can, by its own right, alter the age prescribed by the Church for the religious profession of women and men; and may require of all religious orders

to admit no person to take solemn vows without its permission Allocution "Nunquam fore " Dec 15 1856


31/34

to admit no person to take solemn vows without its permission.Allocution Nunquam fore, Dec. 15, 1856.

53. The laws enacted for the protection of religious orders and regarding their rights and duties ought to be abolished; nay, more, civil Government may lend itsassistance to all who desire to renounce the obligation which they have undertaken of a religious life, and to break their vows. Government may also suppress thesaid religious orders, as likewise collegiate churches and simple benefices, even those of advowson and subject their property and revenues to the administrationand pleasure of the civil power.Allocutions "Acerbissimum," Sept. 27, 1852; "Probe memineritis," Jan. 22, 1855; "Cum saepe," July 26, 1855.

54. Kings and princes are not only exempt from the jurisdiction of the Church, but are superior to the Church in deciding questions of jurisdiction.Damnatio"Multiplices inter," June 10, 1851.

55. The Church ought to be separated from the .State, and the State from the Church.Allocution "Acerbissimum," Sept. 27, 1852.

VII. ERRORS CONCERNING NATURAL AND CHRISTIAN ETHICS

56. Moral laws do not stand in need of the divine sanction, and it is not at all necessary that human laws should be made conformable to the laws of nature andreceive their power of binding from God.Allocution "Maxima quidem," June 9, 1862.

57. The science of philosophical things and morals and also civil laws may and ought to keep aloof from divine and ecclesiastical authority.Ibid.

58. No other forces are to be recognized except those which reside in matter, and all the rectitude and excellence of morality ought to be placed in the accumulationand increase of riches by every possible means, and the gratification of pleasure.Ibid.; Encyc

syllabus - quanta cura

Documents