sustainable urban transportation

Manfred Breithaupt, GTZ

Deutsche Gesellschaft für TechnischeZusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH

POB 51 80D-65726 Eschborn

Telefon +49 (0) 6196 79-1357Telefax +49 (0) 6196 79-7194

E-Mail: [email protected]://www.gtz.de

GTZ – Sustainable urban transport

Karlsruhe, June 16, 2005

© GTZ Division 44 Environment and Infrastructure – Breithaupt

Some current trends in CitiesSome current trends in Cities

Trends• Rapidly increasing car

ownership and use• Declining mode share of

public transport, walking, and cycling

• Even short trips < 3km increasingly done by motor vehicles

• Lagging application of clean fuels & technologies, and Air Quality Management

• Declining city centres; rapid decentralisation into car-oriented suburban sprawl

Some effects• Worsening air pollution & noise• Poor and deteriorating road

safety• Greater congestion• Deteriorating operating

conditions (congestion, dispersion) for public transport

• Pedestrians and cyclist increasingly marginalised by private motor vehicles

• Adverse effects on economic efficiency; investment attractiveness

• Less liveable cities


MotorisationMotorisation

Motor. Zweiräder Nutzfahrzeuge Individuelle KfzMotor. 2-wheelers Comm. vehic. Indiv. vehic.

source: Bertels/Walsh, 2000

Mill. vehicles

• Rapid motorisation in developing cities from NMT to 2 and 3-wheelers and to private vehicles.

• From 1995 to 2020 vehicle ownership is expected to grow by 75% to over 1.3 billion vehicles (OECD estimate).

• Bicycle production and use stagnate in DC except China and selected cities (e.g. Bogotá).


Fuel consumptionFuel consumption• Annual growth in petrol

consumption is 1% in the OECD and 6% in Asia & Latin America.

• Asia's CO2 emissions grew from 9.5% of global emissions in 1971 to 23% in 1997.

• Transport is responsible for over 25% of global CO2 emissions; and this share is growing!


SustainableSustainable urban urban transporttransport: : TheThe ideaidea and and principlesprinciples

#1: Access The City should be designed for people, not cars. It should be at least as convenient to live in a city without a personal motor vehicle as with one.

#2: Equity Highest priority should go to public transport, walking and non-motorised vehicles that are accessible to almost everyone and have low impacts.

#3: Pollution prevention

#4: Health and safety

#5: Public participation and transparency It is important that the public begiven adequateand appropriate support and information about alternatives.

#6: Integrated planning

#7: Economy and low cost Users of cars and motorcyles should be charged forthe full economic,environmental and social costs of their transportation.

Integrated approach within a comprehensive policy framework:Public transport; Non-motorised transport; Technical measures; Application of fiscal instruments; Institutional reform and public participation.


Approaches in developing citiesApproaches in developing cities

• Focus on measures open to rapid implementation by the local govt., with limited reliance on foreign help.‘Win-win’measures provide incentives for implementation

• ‘Least cost principle’ considering how to maximise mobility at the lowest cost, including demand management options

• Work with a range of stakeholders & partners

• Find the key interested stakeholders and work with them. With a modest financial outlay it is possible to generate awareness

• Work with the city level: Government, NGOs, universities, civil society,

• Cooperate with other organisations, national, international levels

• Consultative workshops, seminars, focus groups, meetings

• Public awareness campaigns


Approaches in developing citiesApproaches in developing cities

Following this approach, GTZ concentrates mainly on thefollowing areas of intervention:

• Policy Guidelines, Implementation Strategy

• Transport Demand Management

• Economic Instruments / Fiscal Instruments

• Public Transport

• Non-Motorised Transport

• Public Awareness Rising


Material for Sustainable TransportMaterial for Sustainable Transport

Sourcebook– print– online version– PDF– Powerpoint presentations

Training material– print– online version– PDF– Powerpoint presentations

Training course materialPhoto CDVideos


Urban Transport Sourcebook:Urban Transport Sourcebook:modules & contributors (1)modules & contributors (1)

Institutional & policy orientationThe Role of Transport in Urban Development Policy (Enrique Penalosa)Urban Transport Institutions (Richard Meakin)Private Sector Participation in Urban Transport Infrastructure Provision (Chris Zegras, MIT)Economic Instruments (Manfred Breithaupt, GTZ)Raising Public Awareness about Urban Transport (Karl Fjellstrom, GTZ)

Land use planning & demand management

Land Use Planning for Urban Transport (Rudolf Petersen, Wuppertal Institute)

Mobility Management (Todd Litman, VTPI)

Transit, walking and cycling

Mass Transit Options (Lloyd Wright, ITDP; Karl Fjellstrom, GTZ)

Bus Rapid Transit (Lloyd Wright)

Bus Regulation & Planning (Richard Meakin)

Preserving and Expanding the Role of Non-motorised Transport (Walter Hook, ITDP)


Urban Transport Sourcebook:Urban Transport Sourcebook:modules & contributors (2)modules & contributors (2)

Vehicles and fuels

Cleaner Fuels and Vehicle Technologies (Michael Walsh; Reinhard Kolke, UBA)

Inspection & Maintenance and Roadworthiness (ReinhardKolke)

Two- and Three-Wheelers (Jitendra Shah, World Bank; N.V. Iyer, Bajaj Auto

Natural Gas Vehicles (MVV InnoTec)

Intelligent Transport Systems (Phil Sayeg)

Environmental and health impacts

Air Quality Management (Dietrich Schwela, World HealthOrganisation)

Urban Road Safety (David Silcock, GRSP; Jacqueline Lacroix, DVR)

Noise and its Abatement (Civic Exchange Hong Kong; GTZ; UBA)

Resources

Resources for Policy-makers

New module


The following new modules

are under development:• EcoDriving

• Financing of Urban Transport

Infrastructure

• Benchmarking in Urban Transport

• Car Free Development


BRT BRT Planning GuidePlanning Guide

GTZ’s Sustainable Urban Transport Project

www.sutp.org

www.brtchina.org

[email protected]


Complete training packages available (including Complete training packages available (including annex CDannex CD--ROMs with supporting documentation)ROMs with supporting documentation)

Module 3a and 3b: Mass Transit Options and Bus Rapid Transit

Module 3c: Bus Regulation and Planning – Bus Sector Reform

Module 3d: Preserving and Expanding the Role of Non-MotorisedTransport


Sustainable Urban Transport Project Sustainable Urban Transport Project –– www.sutp.orgwww.sutp.org


Translation of the Sourcebook into other Translation of the Sourcebook into other languageslanguages

Spanish (complete translation)

Chinese (complete translation, a print

version will be available in 08/2005)

Romanian

Vietnamese

Thai

French

Bahasa Indonesia

Korean

xx


ModulesModules availableavailable in Chinesein Chinese

Mass Transit Options

Bus Rapid Transit

Mobility Management

See www.sutp.org, translations available for download

Clean Air in CitiesClean Air in Cities


FactsFacts. . An An underestimatedunderestimated issueissue..

– Ambient air quality in many OECD cities isimproving, in many rapidly developing citiesit is severely deteriorating

– 1,4 billion people suffer from air pollution exceeding WHO recommendations.

– Particulate Matter causes approx. 7-10% of cardiovascular diseases.

– Worldwide 3 million people p.a. prematurely die as a consequence of air pollution.

– Urban air pollution is a major cause for urban sprawl.

– Lagging application of clean fuels & technologies, and Air Quality Management

Leading causes of death in DC, 1990source: WHO source: Swisscontact, 2002


GTZ GTZ solutionssolutions. . IntegratedIntegrated AQM.AQM.

Clean Air in Cities

Strong in-housebackstopping

Networks ofinternationalexpertise

IntegratedAir Quality

Management

Continuousinstitutionallearning

Module 1improving air quality monitoring

and informationModule 2strengthening institutional capacities, promoting international cooperationin AQM networks and initiatives

Module 3improving institutional and legal frameworks for AQM,

Module 4aTransport sector implementation:introducing and monitoring emission and fuel quality standards; improving vehicle inspection & maintenance

Module 4bEnergy sector implementation:Measures for Energy efficiencyModule 4c

Industry sector implementation:Eco-industrial production, Profitable

environmental management

Module 4dIn-door air quality management

Module 4eIntegrated waste

management

Module 5promoting the integration of AQM in

urban planning and transport planning

Module 6improving social communication, public

awareness and public participation in AQM


ExperienceExperience: : Status quo & Status quo & referencesreferences

For more than 15 years GTZ has provided advisory services for AQM projects in more than 20 countries.

At present, more than 30 on-going GTZ projects with air pollution issues in projects for

integrated AQM strategies for fast growing medium and mega-citieslegal reforms for EU member candidates (twinning)environmental action planningsustainable urban development in eco-citieseco-efficient productioncleaner coal and household energy.


ExperienceExperiences:s: Selected expertiseSelected expertises in Urban s in Urban Transport and Air Transport and Air QualityQuality ManagementManagement

CP Morocco

Senegal

AQM = Air Quality ManagementCP = Cleaner ProductionI/M = Inspection & MaintenanceSUT = Sustainable Urban Transport

AQM Santiago de Chile

AQM Mexico City

AQM San Jose

CP Brasil

AQM Malaysia

SUT Surabaya

CP Thailand

CP ChinaEco-Cities

Clean Coal China

I/M Sri Lanka

AQM Bamako / Mali

AQM Twinning Poland

SUT Sibiu (Romania)

SUT Yangzhou/Gangzhou (China)

SUTP-Asia (Bangkok)

Energy Efficiency / Mad.

AQM Syria

Household EnergyEthiopia


AQM Mexico City Project period 1990-2002, Partner: Environmental Commission forMexico CityCooperation with WB, JICA, GEF, WHO, MIT u.a.Drastic decline of most criteria pollutants and smog alarmsEffective air pollution control mechanisms for mobile and stationarysources, relocation of industriesIncreasing public acceptance and environmental awarenessClear perspektive: New Clean Air Plan until 2010

AQM. AQM. MexicoMexico City.City.


For further information and cooperationFor further information and cooperation……

联系方式 Please contact

Manfred Breithaupt, [email protected]

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbHDag-Hammerskjöld-Weg 1-565760 Eschborn / Germany

Tel: +49 (6196) 79-1357 - Mr. Manfred Breithaupt

sustainable urban transportation

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