sustainable solutions for the 21st century - opportunities for integration of solid waste conversion...

SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

Opportunities for Integration of Solid Waste Conversion Technologies with Public Works

2012 APWAFlorida Chapter Annual Meeting &

Paul Hauck, P.E.CDM Smith

Annual Meeting & Trade Show

C S t

1715 N. Westshore BoulevardSuite 875

Tampa, Florida 33607

(813) 281‐2900

h k l@ d [email protected]

CDM Smith’s U.S. Waste‐to‐Energy Experience

Introduction

CDM Smith’s Florida Solid Waste Experience

Introduction

My Claim to Fame – Construction Manager of Pasco County Resource Recovery FacilityPasco County Resource Recovery Facility

Constructed 1989-1992$90M, 1050 TPD

32 MW

Introduction

Presentation Outline

• Emerging paradigms

• Proven and emerging waste conversion technologies

• Marriage of WTE and water resourcesMarriage of WTE and water resources

• Synergistic opportunities with Public Works

Emerging Paradigms

Intended Consequences of theIntegrated Solid Waste Management HierarchyIntegrated Solid Waste Management Hierarchy

Emerging Paradigms

The Three Rs of Recycling…Plus Two!

Emerging Paradigms

Municipal Wastes…Yesterday’s Trash…Today’s Renewable Fuels and WattageRenewable Fuels and Wattage

• Municipal solid waste (MSW)

• Refuse‐derived fuel (RDF)– Fluff

DensifiedWaste Conversion T h l O ti– Densified

(pellets and briquettes)

• Biomass (yard and

Technology Options

• Thermal (WTE)wood waste)

• Organic wastesF d t

• Biological/Chemical • Physical

– Food wastes

– Fats, oils, and grease (FOG)

• Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) biosolidsp ( )

Emerging Paradigms

Modern WTE Trends

•WTE facility expansions and new construction•Attention to aesthetics/LEED®/innovation

Increasing

Attention to aesthetics/LEED /innovation•More stringent emission limits and GHG reporting•MSW Higher Heating Value (HHV)•Boiler/T‐G availability•Use of reclaimed water for cooling•Use of reclaimed water for cooling•Gross/net electric generation•Non‐ferrous metal recovery•Integrated solid waste management/eco‐campus

•Resistance to WTE in established communities•Air emissions

Decreasing•Reagent consumption•Water consumption•Lower PPA electric payments

Emerging Paradigms

Campus for Management of Solid Waste, Recycling and Water ResourcesRecycling, and Water Resources

Potable Water Wastewater ili Yard & Wood

Recycled Products

Reclaimed Water

i lidPotable WaterTreatment Plant

Used Tire / Bulky Waste

WastewaterTreatment Plant Compost Facility Yard & Wood

Waste Processing • compost• mulch• soil amendment

• tire derived fuel

Biosolids

Electricity

Cooling & Fire Protection

Combustibles•Chipped Tires•Chipped Wood

Shredded Yard& Wood Waste

~Electricity

mpressed Air

Excess

Biosolids

WTEWaste‐to‐Energy

Used Tire / Bulky WasteWood & Yard WasteResizing Facility

Construction & DemolitionDebris Processing Facility

• crumb rubber

• sand• crushed asphalt• crushed concrete• metals

Low Pressure Steam& Compressed Air

Electricity

CombustiblesNot Requiring

Resizing

and,

ravel

shed

crete

ctsM

~ Com

~

SteamLoop forIndustrial

Park Tenants

WTE AshProcessingFacility

• metals• recycled ash‐ LF daily cover‐ road baseM

AshResidue

Electricity

eachate to W

WTP

ll Gas & M

ined

mbu

stibles

ustible Re

jects

Sa Gr

ects

Cru s

Con

Reje

M

M

M ~

MRF

Reclaimed

• plastics• glass• paper• cardboard• metals

Electricity

Land

fill Le

Land

fi Co

Comb

Reje

M

M ~

Landfill Gas

Emerging Paradigms

Water ReuseActive Landfill Ash Monofill C&D / Inert

LandfillClosedLandfill

Replacing Apathy with Action…NIMBI

• NIMBY…Not in My Back Yard

• BANANA…Build Absolutely Nothing Anywhere Near Anyone

• NUMBEE…Not Using My Bucks Ever, Either

NIMEY N i M El i Y• NIMEY…Not in My Election Year

• NIMBI…Now I Must Become Involved!

Emerging Paradigms






Proven and Emerging Waste Conversion Technologies

Modern Waste‐to‐Energy (WTE)

• WTE disposes of 13% of the nation’s waste (U.S. EPA)– 86 operating facilities

– 36 million people served

– 27 states– 27 states

– Generation capacity in excess of 2,700 MW

– 16 million MWhrs of renewable power generated annually

– 259 million tons per year currently disposed of in landfills p y y prepresents an additional 142,450,000 MWhrs annually (equivalent to 16,261 MW of capacity)

• Most WTE facilities sell electricity to the local grid at lower prices• Most WTE facilities sell electricity to the local grid at lower prices than Public Works facilities purchase at commercial rates

Proven Waste Conversion Technologies

Historical Emission Trends from Large and Small Municipal Waste CombustorsMunicipal Waste Combustors

Pollutant 1990 Emissions 2005 Emissions Percent Reduction(TPY) (TPY)

CDD/CDF TEQ Basis * 44 15 99+%

Mercury 57 2.3 96%Mercury 57 2.3 96%

Cadmium 9.6 0.4 96%

Lead 170 5.5 97%

P i l M 18 600 780 96%Particulate Matter 18,600 780 96%

HCL 57,400 3,200 94%

SO2 38,300 4,600 88%

NOx 64,900 49,500 24%

Source: EPA, August 2007


* Dioxin/furan emissions are in units of grams per year toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ), using1989 NATO toxicity factors; all other pollutant emissions are in units of tons per year

Dominant WTE Technology in U.S.

• ~75% are massburn facilities

• ~ 17% are refuse‐derived fuel (RDF) facilities

MassburnMassburn WTE requiresWTE requires no preno pre--processingprocessing of MSWof MSWMassburn Massburn WTE requires WTE requires no preno pre processingprocessing of MSWof MSW


Typical Massburn WTE Facility


Typical Massburn WTE Flow Diagram


Metals Liberated by the Combustion ProcessRecovered and Recycled for Additional RevenuesRecovered and Recycled for Additional Revenues

Ferrous metals Non‐ferrous metals everything…including the

kitchen sink(aluminum, brass,

bronze, copper, gold, silver, stainless), )


Non‐ferrous Metals …Liberated and Recovered After CombustionLiberated and Recovered After Combustion

Aluminum, brass, bronze, copper, gold, and silver, , , pp , g ,

Densealuminumaluminum nuggets


Advantages of Massburn WTE – Minimal Residuals to the LandfillResiduals to the Landfill

Typical WTE Ash Residueyp• 75% weight reduction• 90% volume reduction

Existing landfill life maximized due to ash d it t t i th t f t d MSWdensity at twice that of compacted MSW


Florida Waste‐to‐Energy Facilities 12 Facilities – 607 MW of Renewable Electricity12 Facilities – 607 MW of Renewable Electricity

Florida Waste‐to‐Energy Facilities

B C 490 TPD 13 6 MWBay County 490 TPD 13.6 MW

Broward County North 2,250 TPD 68 MW

Broward County South 2,250 TPD 66 MW

Miami‐Dade County 2,688 TPD 77 MW

Hillsborough County 1,800 TPD 46 MW

Lake County 528 TPD 14 5 MWLake County 528 TPD 14.5 MW

Lee County 1,800 TPD 58 MW

City of Tampa 1,000 TPD 22.5 MW

Palm Beach County (RDF) 2,000 TPD 62 MW

Palm Beach County (Massburn) 3,000 TPD 75 MW (first new plant in 16 years)

Pinellas County 3,000 TPD 75 MW

Pasco County 1,050 TPD 30 MW


City of Tampa Waste‐to‐Energy Facility1 000 TPD – 22 5 MW1,000 TPD – 22.5 MW

• Original construction: 1975

• Rebuilt as WTE: 1985

• Retrofit for CAAA: 1998‐2001

Portions of this facility are 35 years

old and on their third life!


Pinellas County Resource Recovery Facility 3 000 TPD – 75‐MW Electrical Output3,000 TPD – 75‐MW Electrical Output

O i i l t ti 1985• Original construction: 1985• 1,000‐TPD expansion: 1987


Hillsborough County Resource Recovery Facility1 800 TPD – 46 MW1,800 TPD – 46 MW

O i i l 1 200 TPD t ti 1987Original 1,200‐TPD construction: 1987600‐TPD expansion completed: 2009

Compatible with the urban landscape


Compatible with the urban landscape Commercial/industrial development has occurred around facility over 24 years!

Hillsborough County Resource Recovery Facility1 800 TPD – 46 MW (Located Adjacent to WWTP)1,800 TPD – 46 MW (Located Adjacent to WWTP)

8‐MGD WWTP (AWTP)

1,800‐TPD WTE


Pasco County Resource Recovery Facility1 050 TPD – 30‐MW Electrical1,050 TPD – 30‐MW Electrical

• Construction: 1989‐1991Construction: 1989 1991• $90M capital cost


Pasco County FloridaIntegrated Solid Waste Management CampusIntegrated Solid Waste Management Campus


WWTP, Biosolids, and Power Also Integrated into Pasco County ISWM Campusinto Pasco County ISWM Campus

ASH MONOFILL

WTESCALES

MRFMRF

Biosolids Peaking Power

WWTP (4 mgd)

Stabilization Power Plant


Lee County Resource Recovery Facility1 800 TPD – 58‐MW Electrical1,800 TPD – 58‐MW Electrical

• Original Construction 1994• 636 TPD Expansion Completed 2006

• Original construction: 1994


636 TPD Expansion Completed 2006• 636‐TPD expansion completed: 2006

New 3,000‐TPD Massburn WTE to be Added to the Palm Beach County ISWM CampusAdded to the Palm Beach County ISWM Campus


Palm Beach County, Florida (2012)New 3,000‐TPD Massburn WTE RenderingIncorporating Both Sustainability and Aesthetics


Proposed 3,000‐TPD Massburn WTE Facility Layout in Palm Beach County Florida 2012Layout in Palm Beach County, Florida 2012


Palm Beach County, FloridaNew 3,000‐TPD Massburn WTE RenderingIncorporating Rainwater Harvest (First 2”)

2 MG


Palm Beach County, Florida Proposed Visitors CenterProposed Visitors Center


Innovative Water Recycling Process“Better Than Zero Discharge”Better Than Zero Discharge

• Cascading water recycling – Clean water with low

minerals/solids

– Wastewater with high minerals/solids

– Wastewater with high minerals/solids/contactwith ash


PBC New WTE Project – Sustainability Options Recycled Water Supply SourcesRecycled Water Supply Sources

Monthly Water Sources at Normal Conditions

80%

90%

100%

and

Monthly Water Sources at Normal Conditions

50%

60%

70%

Total D

ema

20%

30%

40%

rcen

t of To

0%

10%

20%

Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Pe

Harvested Rainfall Cooling Tower Blowdown Water Industrial Supply Water8.2% Average 60.1% Average 31.7% Average

Proven Waste Conversion TechnologiesProven Waste Conversion Technologies

PBC New WTE ProjectContinuing the Trend to Lower Emission LimitsContinuing the Trend to Lower Emission Limits

Emission Unit US EPA MACT PBC Permit Limit

/dUnits Mg/dscm 7% O2

Particulate 20 12

Cadmium 0.010 0.010

Lead 0.140 0.125

Mercury 0.050 0.025

Sulfur Dioxide 30 24Sulfur Dioxide 30 24

Hydrogen Chloride 25 20

Carbon Monoxide (4 hr) 100 100

Ni O id (24 h ) 150 50Nitrogen Oxide (24 hr) 150 50

Nitrogen Oxide (annual) 90 45*

Dioxin/Furan ** 13 10Dioxin/Furan 13 10

**ng/dscm 7%O2 * Month


Hennepin County WTE Welcomes Minnesota Twins into the Neighborhood!Minnesota Twins into the Neighborhood!

HERC WTE Facilityy(1987)

Target Field (2010)


HERC WTE Facility…Compatible with the Urban Landscape!Compatible with the Urban Landscape!

Hennepin Energy Recovery CenterHennepin Energy Recovery Center


Advantages of Massburn WTE – Reliability

• Proven in hundreds of installations worldwide

• Base loaded “renewable” electrical generation (24/7/365)

• High system availabilityB il il bilit (90 92%)– Boiler availability (90‐92%)

– Turbine‐generator availability (98‐99%)

• Ability to process problematic wastesAbility to process problematic wastes– High moisture (biosolids, food waste, vegetative waste)

– Carpet, asphalt shingles, non‐recyclable plastics

– Out‐of‐date pharmaceuticals and controlled substances

• Ability to process wide range of waste fuels3 800 to 6 000 btu/pound– 3,800 to 6,000 btu/pound


Advantages of Massburn WTE ‐ Economic

• Financeable projects– Attractive interest rates for 20‐ to 30‐year amortization

– Demonstrated technology‐bond buyers are not risk takers!

• Stabilizes solid waste disposal costs over long‐term– System‐wide costs may drop by 35% upon retirement of debt

(Recent Kent County, Michigan experience 2010)


EMERGING (Higher Risk)EMERGING (Higher Risk) PROVEN (Lower Risk)PROVEN (Lower Risk)STATESTATE

PILOT SCALE DEMONSTRATION MARKET ENTRY MARKETPENETRATION

MARKET MATURITY

ofofTECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY

StokerCo‐firing(utility boilers)

Fluidized Bed

/

Biomass Biomass Direct Direct

CombustionCombustion

Small Gasifier/ IC Engine

Gasification –Boilers, Kilns

Biomass Biomass Gasification Gasification & Pyrolysis& Pyrolysis Boilers, Kilns

Pyrolysis and Depolymerization

Other Conversion Processes 1 Massburn WTE &

& Pyrolysis& Pyrolysis

Other Conversion Processes 1RDF Combustion2WasteWaste‐‐toto‐‐

EnergyEnergyCo‐ Digestion Anaerobic Digestion

1.1. Includes RDF gasification, plasma gasification, and pyrolysisIncludes RDF gasification, plasma gasification, and pyrolysis2.2. RDF = RDF = RefuseRefuse‐‐derived derived fuelfuel

Emerging Waste Conversion Technologies

Enhanced Revenues of Ethanol from MSWOnly Time Will TellOnly Time Will Tell…

• Potentially 2‐3 times the revenue stream of electricity


Many Options for EmergingWaste‐to‐Ethanol Conversion TechnologiesWaste‐to‐Ethanol Conversion Technologies

ThermochemicalThermochemical PathwaysPathways• Thermal Gasification/Biological

Biochemical PathwaysBiochemical Pathways• Acid Hydrolysis • Thermal Gasification/Biological

Fermentation– Syngas (CO, H2, CH4, and CO2) – Only tested in laboratory, but may be

“low cost” option

• Acid Hydrolysis– Proven technology, developed post

WW2– 1/3 of carbon “lost” to CO2– High water demand low cost option

– Inconsistent quality (bacteria may produce other alcohol products)

– Long residence time needed for high conversion efficiency

High water demand– Expensive metallurgy

• Enzymatic Hydrolysis– Can be located with conventional

• Thermal Gasification/Catalytic Synthesis

– Syngas (CO, H2, CH4, and CO2)

– Can be located with conventional– 1/3 of carbon “lost” to CO2– High water demand– High cost of enzymes

– No biological component, allows higher temperature and has lower water demand

– Catalyst can’t mutate or alter biology– Alcohol is a consistent quality but– Alcohol is a consistent quality, but

product is not pure ethanol, but a blend of alcohols


Biomass‐to‐Ethanol Production Pathways

GrainGrain StarchStarch

AlcoholAlcoholAlcoholAlcoholCaneCaneMaterialHandlingMaterialHandling

FermentationFermentation

AlcoholAlcoholAlcoholAlcoholRefiningRefiningAlcoholAlcoholRefiningRefining

CaneCane Handling&

Processing

Handling&

Processing

SugarSugar AlcoholRefiningAlcoholRefining

BiomassBiomass GasificationGasificationCelluloseCellulose


Ineos Waste‐to‐Biofuel Project Status Indian River County FloridaIndian River County, Florida

• CDM Smith supporting roleDOE t li ti $50M d d i 2009– DOE grant application: $50M awarded in 2009

– Prepared NEPA compliance/environmental permit applications– Civil site/facility infrastructure design

• Construction started 1Q 2011• Construction started 1Q 2011• Anticipated startup 3Q 2012 with full production by 4Q 2012


Catalytic Depolymerizationof Carbonaceous Wastesof Carbonaceous Wastes

F P d i fF P d i fFor Production of For Production of Synthetic Diesel and Synthetic Diesel and

Bio OilBio OilBio OilBio Oil

• Cardboard / paper

• Fats, Oils and Grease

• Plastics and PVC

• Used Tires / Rubber• Used Tires / Rubber

• Waste oils

• Landscape Wastes


• Wood Wastes

AlphaKat Process Status in US

• Exclusive license in U.S. to Covanta Energy for MSW feedstock– Process employs a turbine, heat, and a catalyst to convert

wastes into diesel fuel

• Test facility started construction in Spring of 2009Test facility started construction in Spring of 2009

• Commercial scale testing commenced in early 2010

• Partial funding via U.S. DOD in 2009 ($1.4M)

• Testing continues through end of 2012

• Marketing plan under development







WTE and Water Resources

Water – Energy Nexus

• Water and energy issues are inextricably linked

• Lower quality water supply sources require higher levels of treatment

• Higher levels of treatment require greater inputs of energy• Higher levels of treatment require greater inputs of energy– Pumping from greater depths/distances

– Membrane treatment processes require energy for pressure

– Disinfection treatments are often electrically derived (ultraviolet light, ozone)


Economic Sustainability – Maximizing Benefits via Integrated Solid Waste and Water Resourcesvia Integrated Solid Waste and Water Resources

Solid Waste

Recycling

P bl WPotable Water

Wastewater

Reclaimed Water

Stormwater

Transportation

Parks & Recreation

Facilities

Fleet Services

Public WorksPublic Works


Energy Intensity Ranges of Proven Water Treatment ProcessesProven Water Treatment Processes

Water Resource Treatment TechnologyEnergy Intensity

(k h/ )Water Resource Treatment Technology

(kWh/MG)

Groundwater Conventional softening, filtration, and disinfection 150 – 750

Surface Water Conventional softening, filtration, and disinfection 150 – 750

Brackish Water Reverse osmosis/membrane 4,000 – 10,000

Seawater Reverse osmosis/membrane 10,000 – 20,000Seawater / , ,

Seawater Multi‐Stage Flash Evaporation (MSF)/Multiple Effect Distillation (MED)

20,000 – 100,000

Reclaimed Water Reverse osmosis/membrane 10 000 – 15 000Reclaimed Water Reverse osmosis/membrane 10,000 15,000

Reclaimed Water Multi‐Stage Flash Evaporation (MSF)/Multiple Effect Distillation (MED)

15,000 – 20,000

W Bi l i l t t t/di i f ti 1 000 5 000Wastewater Biological treatment/disinfection 1,000 – 5,000


WTE and WWTP Facilities Make Good NeighborsMake Good Neighbors

8‐MGD WWTP (AWTP)

1,800 TPD/46 MWWTE Facility


Adjacent AWTP powered by energy from WTE (Aug 08)

Potential Annual Net Savings to Public Works@ 3 Cents/kWh Spread@ 3 Cents/kWh Spread

$20 000 000

$16,000,000

$18,000,000

$20,000,000

avings 500 TPD

WTE

000

$10,000,000

$12,000,000

$14,000,000

ntial A

nnua

l Sa 1000 TPD

WTE

1500 TPD WTE

$4 000 000

$6,000,000

$8,000,000

Poten

2000 TPD WTE

2500 TPD WTE

$‐

$2,000,000

$4,000,000

0 20 40 60 80 100

WTE

3000 TPD WTE

0 20 40 60 80 100

Percent of WTE Electricity Used Internally


Potential Annual Net Savings to Public Works @ 4 Cents/kWh Spread4 Cents/kWh Spread

$30 000 000

$25,000,000

$30,000,000

ual Savings

500 TPD WTE

1000 TPD

$15,000,000

$20,000,000

oten

tial Ann

u WTE

1500 TPD WTE

2000 TPD

$5,000,000

$10,000,000

Po 2000 TPD WTE

2500 TPD WTE

3000 TPD

$‐

0 20 40 60 80 100

3000 TPD WTE

Percent of WTE Electricity Used Internally


Candidate Florida Renewable Energy ProjectMunicipal Utility Campus

E i ti t t t t tExisting landfill

Municipal Utility Campus

Existing wastewater treatment plant

(~ 13‐MW electrical demand)

Future water reclamation plant( l i l d)

Potential waste‐to‐energy plant sized to meet electrical power demands of water treatment

j t (1 200 TPD @ 30 MW t t) (~ 17 MW Electrical Demand)projects (1,200 TPD @ 30‐MW output)


Municipal Utility Campus Synergies

Integration of waste‐to‐energy with water and wastewater treatment plants

WTESolid Waste Excess Electricity to Grid

Electricity to

water and wastewater treatment plants

Utility Complex

WWTPSanitary Waste ReclaimedWater

Reclaimed Water to Grid

WTPPotable Water

to GridExcess StormwaterWet

Weather


WTPWells

WeatherStorage

Municipal Utility CampusOptimizing Energy and Water ProductionOptimizing Energy and Water Production

Water and electricity production can bevaried by time of day to meet peak demands

Electricity

Electricity

WaterWater

WaterElectricity Production

Water

Electricity Electricity

WaterProduction

Off Peak Peak Electric Demand

Off Peak

Time of Day


Time of Day






Synergistic Opportunities with Public Works

Candidate Renewable Energy Project Opportunities on Wastewater Treatment SitesOpportunities on Wastewater Treatment Sites

Heat Recovery Effluent

Solar Energy

Wind Energyy

Waste-to-Energy

Co-digestion (Organic waste and FOG)

Biogas Use (CHP d CNG)

ReclaimedWater


(CHP and CNG) Biosolids to Fertilizer

Wastewater Treatment Plants Can Be Viewed As Water/Biosolids/Energy Resource Centers

FuelFuel

Water/Biosolids/Energy Resource Centers

Solar and Wind Solar and Wind

Organic Organic WasteWaste

Energy Energy (Heat, Power(Heat, Power))

WastewateWastewaterr

R l i dR l i dBiosolidsBiosolids & Nutrients& Nutrients

(Fuel & Fertilizer)(Fuel & Fertilizer)Reclaimed Reclaimed WaterWater

(Fuel & Fertilizer)(Fuel & Fertilizer)


Co‐digestion of Organic Waste with Wastewater Solidswith Wastewater Solids

Food Food IndustryIndustryWaste Waste

AnimalAnimal

Wastewater SolidsWastewater Solids

AnimalAnimalManure Manure and and

Crop Crop WastesWastes

CogenCogen

InstitutionalInstitutionalOrganic Organic WasteWaste

Anaerobic Digestion

ResidentialResidentialOrganicOrganicWasteWaste

Landfill

WasteWaste

6262Synergistic Opportunities with Public Works

Biosolids as a Resource

BiogasSludge +

Organic Waste

LandApplication

DewateringThickeningAmendment

AnaerobicDigestion

AmendmentDewateringThickening Soil

Fertilizer

DryingSyngas

Ch P l i CharGasification

Ash

Char Pyrolysis

Incineration with Energy Recovery

DewateringSynergistic Opportunities with Public WorksSynergistic Opportunities with Public Works

Palm Beach County, FloridaRegional Biosolids Processing FacilityRegional Biosolids Processing Facility


Campus for Management of Solid Waste, Recycling and Water ResourcesRecycling, and Water Resources

Potable Water Wastewater ili Yard & Wood

Recycled Products

Reclaimed Water

i lidPotable WaterTreatment Plant

Used Tire / Bulky Waste

WastewaterTreatment Plant Compost Facility Yard & Wood

Waste Processing • compost• mulch• soil amendment

• tire derived fuel

Biosolids

Electricity

Cooling & Fire Protection

Combustibles•Chipped Tires•Chipped Wood

Shredded Yard& Wood Waste

~Electricity

mpressed Air

Excess

Biosolids

WTEWaste‐to‐Energy

Used Tire / Bulky WasteWood & Yard WasteResizing Facility

Construction & DemolitionDebris Processing Facility

• crumb rubber

• sand• crushed asphalt• crushed concrete• metals

Low Pressure Steam& Compressed Air

Electricity

CombustiblesNot Requiring

Resizing

and,

ravel

shed

crete

ctsM

~ Com

~

SteamLoop forIndustrial

Park Tenants

WTE AshProcessingFacility

• metals• recycled ash‐ LF daily cover‐ road baseM

AshResidue

Electricity

eachate to W

WTP

ll Gas & M

ined

mbu

stibles

ustible Re

jects

Sa Gr

ects

Cru s

Con

Reje

M

M

M ~

MRF

Reclaimed

• plastics• glass• paper• cardboard• metals

Electricity

Land

fill Le

Land

fi Co

Comb

Reje

M

M ~

Landfill Gas


Water ReuseActive Landfill Ash Monofill C&D / Inert

LandfillClosedLandfill

Integrated Aggregate Recycling Project

Public Works Recycling ComplexPublic Works Recycling Complex

Construction & DemolitionConstruction & Demolition

WastesWastes

Scrap Metal RecyclerScrap Metal RecyclerBiomass RecyclersBiomass Recyclers• ethanol (fuel)• ethanol (fuel)• power• power• compost• compost

Construction ProductsConstruction Products

C&DProcessingFacility

• wood wastes• wood wastes• plastic• plastic• paper• paper

CombustiblesCombustibles

• stone• stone• brick• brick• roof tile• roof tile

Sorted AggregatesSorted Aggregates

Ferrous and Nonferrous MetalsFerrous and Nonferrous Metals

Yard and Wood WasteYard and Wood Waste

Construction ProductsConstruction Products• asphalt• asphalt• concrete products• concrete products• drain field rock• drain field rock• • flowableflowable fillfill• road base• road base• structural fill• structural fill• soil cement• soil cement

AggregateClassification

Facility

Electricity toElectricity toRecyclingRecycling

• shingles• shingles• tires• tires

Sized AshSized Ash

• concrete• concrete• asphalt• asphalt• glass• glass• ceramics• ceramics

MunicipalMunicipal

Solid WasteSolid Waste

Portland Cement Portland Cement ManufacturerManufacturer

Scrap Metal RecyclersScrap Metal Recyclers

Building ProductsBuilding Products• insulation• insulation

AshProcessingFacility

Waste‐to‐Energy(WTE)Facility

Recycling Recycling ComplexComplex

Ferrous and Nonferrous MetalsFerrous and Nonferrous Metals

FeedstockFeedstock

(Al, Ca, Fe, Si)(Al, Ca, Fe, Si)

Sized AshSized AshProductsProducts

Bottom AshBottom Ash

Ferrous MetalsFerrous Metals

Industrial WastesIndustrial Wastes

• • slagsslags/ashes/ashes• contaminated soils• contaminated soils• • sludgessludges• other problematic• other problematic

insulationinsulation• tile• tile

VitrificationProcessingFacility

Vitrified Glass FritVitrified Glass Frit

and and Fiber ProductsFiber Products

FritFritFly AshFly Ash


• other problematic• other problematicwasteswastes

MATERIAL PROCESSINGMATERIAL PROCESSING RECYCLING MARKETSRECYCLING MARKETSINPUTSINPUTS

Future WTE Ash Recycling OpportunityBlending Ash with Crushed ConcreteBlending Ash with Crushed Concrete


Public Works Recycling

R l d A h l P (RAP) illi k il d f f hi /Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP) millings stockpiled for future crushing/screening…for internal use or sale


City of Tampa Public Works Recycling

Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP) millings sized at <1/2 inch and stockpiled for Public Works projects


City of Tampa Public Works Recycling

T il b l d h h ld i k il d Ci f TToilet bowls and household ceramics stockpiled at City of Tampa Public Works yard for later crushing and sizing to <1/2 inch


WTE Bottom Ash Recycling Raw Material for Production of Portland CementProduction of Portland Cement

Portland Typical WTE Component Cement Clinker Ash

Silica (SiO2) 18‐24 22‐24 24

Al i i (Al O ) 4 8 5 6Aluminia (Al2O3) 4‐8 5 6

Ferric Oxide (Fe2O3) 2‐5 0‐3 3

Lime (CaO) 62‐67 68‐71 37

Source: Defending the Character of Ash, Richard W GoodwinRichard W. Goodwin, 1992


Future WTE Plants – Typical Elevation View

Options for WTE Basement Area:

Options for Recycling:Basement Area:

1. Maintenance Shop2. Ash Processing3. Special Recycling

1. Single Stream MRF2. Multi Stream MRF3. Dirty MRF4. C&D Recycling

AlternateWaste Basement

WTEBasement Area

Recycling Processes Tipping Building Refuse Building Boiler Building Air Pollution Control Bldg. Stack


PRODUCTS

New Industry – BioRefineryUS Department of EnergyOffice of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy 2005

PRODUCTSFuels:– Ethanol– Renewable Diesel – Renewable Gasoline

H d– Hydrogen

Power:– Electricity– Heat (co-generation)

SUGAR

Conversion

Chemicals– Plastics– Solvents– Chemical Intermediates

PhenolicsBiomass

R

or

HY Conversion

Processes– Trees

– Phenolics– Adhesives– Furfural– Fatty Acids– Acetic Acid

Carbon Black– Enzymatic Fermentation

BiomassFeedstock

DROCAR– Grasses

– Agricultural Crops– Agricultural Residues– Forest Residues

– Carbon Black– Paints– Dyes, Pigments, and Ink– Detergent– Etc.F d F d F l

y– Gas/Liquid Fermentation– Acid Hydrolysis/Fermentation– Gasification– Pyrolysis

RBONS

– Animal Wastes– Municipal Solid Waste

Food, Feed, Fuel, Fiber, & Fertilizer

y y– Combustion– Co-firing


What Will it Take for a Resurgence in WTE/Conversion Projects?Resurgence in WTE/Conversion Projects?

• Stewardship

• Sustainability

• Synergy

• Sizzle and

• NYMBI Now You Must Become Involved!NYMBI…Now You Must Become Involved!

Conclusion

Thank You for the Opportunity to Shareand Imagineer!…and Imagineer!

Paul Hauck, P.E.Paul Hauck, P.E.

CDM SmithCDM Smith

1715 N. 1715 N. WestshoreWestshore Boulevard, Suite 875Boulevard, Suite 875

Tampa, Florida 33607Tampa, Florida 33607

(813) 281(813) 281 29002900(813) 281(813) 281‐‐29002900

[email protected]@cdmsmith.com

Conclusion

sustainable solutions for the 21st century - opportunities for integration of solid waste conversion...

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