sustainable communities: modeling energy, water,...
TRANSCRIPT
Michael O’KeefeBig Ladder Software
Sustainable Communities: Modeling Energy, Water, and
Waste at Scale
Sustainability Session
Friday, April 28, 20172:30 PM – 3:25 PM
2017 Rocky Mountain Chapter ASHRAE Technical Conference
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Key Points
Modeling highlights better pathways you would otherwise never knew existed
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Community-scale planning requires modeling
Context for this talk:
Long term planning for a single organization that owns and operates multiple buildings over a significant time horizon.
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Construction nears completion on Grafenwoehr barrackssource: US Army Corps of Engineers, Europe District
• EPAct 2005
– 30% site energy vs. ASHRAE 90.1-2004
• EISA 2007
– By 2010: 55% source energy
– By 2020: 80% source energy
– By 2030: net zero!
Federal Energy Requirements
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source: https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-energy-policy-actsource: https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-energy-independence-and-security-act
• US Army Corps of Engineers
• 2011 –
• Army bases and installations
– 10,000 – 50,000 residents
– Sparse building density
– Standardized building designs
Army Needs Net Zero Planner
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Where We Come In...
• Part of Net Zero Planner (NZP) development team
• Created parameterized energy models for NZP
• CRADA Partner to commercialize NZP
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Why?simulate community-scale system?
“Cost” of getting things “wrong” is high.
Focus: informing decisions
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1. EstablishPlanning Goals
2. Establish Baseline, Base Case, and
Other Alternatives
3. Optimize Supply and Distribution
System Mix
iterate over building measures, optimize energy efficiency
4. ProduceMulti-Year
Plan
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1. EstablishPlanning Goals
2. Establish Baseline,Base Case, and Other
Alternatives
3. Optimize Supply and Distribution
System Mix
4. ProduceMulti-Year
Plan
iterate over building measures, optimize energy efficiency
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Baseline: Snapshot of current energy use situation
Base Case: Future reference point for “business as usual”
Better Case, Best Case, Better Case + Co-Generation, etc.
Alternatives
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Ne
t P
rese
nt
Co
st
Fossil Fuel Reduction, %
0% 100%
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2
3
4
5
reduce the loads (+EEMs)
add generation
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Ne
t P
rese
nt
Co
st
Fossil Fuel Reduction, %
0% 100%
1
2
3
4
5
reduce the loads (+EEMs)
add generation
base case
better case
best case
best case + solar,etc.
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Ne
t P
rese
nt
Co
st
Fossil Fuel Reduction, %
0% 100%
1
2
3
4
5
add generation
Where you target dependson where you want to go
(i.e. Goals)
reduce the loads (+EEMs)
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Building SimulationProcess
actual buildings
building types& groups
EEM1 EEM2 EEM3 EEMN...combinations ofenergy efficiencymeasures (EEMS)
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Summary
• Good planning at community scale challenging
• Modeling is critical
Philosophy: bring data to clients, not opinions
Purpose: help make planning decisions
Acknowledgements
We would like to acknowledge the generous support and collaboration of:
• Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, US Army Corps of Engineers
– Michael Case
– Richard Liesen
– Alexander Zhivov
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Bibliography
• Ellis, Peter. “A Parametric Tool for Community-Scale Modeling.” ASHRAE and IBPSA-USA SimBuild 2016: Building Performance Modeling Conference, August 10-12. Salt Lake City, UT.
• Case, Michael, Richard Liesen, Alexander Zhivov, Matthew Swanson, and James Stinson. 2014. “NY-14-011 – A Computational Framework for Low Energy Community Analysis and Optimization.” ASHRAE Transactions 120 (1).
• Liesen, Richard, Peter Ellis, Alexander Zhivov, and Dale Herron. 2012. “CH-12-008 – Extremely Low Energy Design for Army Buildings: Barracks.” ASHRAE Transactions 118 (1).
• Marston, Annie, Peter Garforth, Gerd Fleichammer, and Oliver Baumann. 2014. “Urban Scale Modelling – How Generalised Models Can Help Communities Halve Their Energy Use in 30 Years.” Proceedings of the 2014 ASHRAE/IBPSA-USA Building Simulation Conference, Atlanta, GA, September 10-12, 2014.
• Reinhart, C., and C. Davila. 2016. “Urban Building Energy Modeling – A Review of a Nascent Field.” Building and Environment 97.
• Reinhart, C., T. Dogan, J. Jakubiec, T. Rakha, and A. Sang. 2013. “UMI – An Urban Simulation Environment for Building Energy Use, Daylighting and Walkability.” Proceedings of Building Simulation 2013: Chambery, France.
• Robinson, D., F. Haldi, J. Kämpf, P. Leroux, D. Perez, A. Rasheed, and U. Wilke. 2009. “CITYSIM: Comprehensive Micro-Simulation of Resource Flows for Sustainable Urban Planning.” 11th International IBPSA Conference, Glasgow, Scot- land, July 27-28, 2009.
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