Survey Network DevelopmentSurvey Network Development

Warm Springs Reservation1996-20111996 2011

Mission StatementThere has long been a desire on the reservation to create aThere has long been a desire on the reservation to create a network of survey benchmarks to allow accurate mapping of reservation resources and entering of GIS data into databanks for analysis purposes.

In 1996 the reservation and BIA purchased survey grade GPSIn 1996 the reservation and BIA purchased survey grade GPS equipment from Trimble to aid in preparation of road construction plans and stakeout of construction projects.

This presentation will outline the process we went thru in developing a reservation wide survey network and show the typical survey monuments we deal with.

NGS System of MonumentsT B i TTwo Basic Types

Vertical Control BenchmarksHorizontal Control

Vertical Control Benchmarks

Triangulation Points

HTTP://www.ngs.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/datasheet.prl

Vertical Control Survey Projects

All projects on reservation were second order lineswere second order lines.

One first order project (best accuracy) located East of Warm Springs Reservation.Reservation.

Work completed September 1958September 1958.

Vertical Benchmark X 502

Note:Note: Horizontal position accuracy +/accuracy +/-180 Meters.

Typical Equipment for LevelTypical Equipment for Level Surveys

Standard Level Standard Leveling Technique

Triangulation Manual

Published inPublished in 1959

Horizontal C t lControl Network

Completed in January 1957 by Coast andGeodetic SurveyGeodetic Survey

Typical Support Equipment forTypical Support Equipment for Triangulation Network Surveys

Field StationsSupply Truck

Setting and Typical

Brass CapBrass Cap Monuments

Typical Survey Crew Hiking to Survey StationSurvey Station

Chaining to ReferenceReference Marks from Monument

Typical Sighting Targets

Typical Survey Transits/Theodolites

Engineer’s Transit

Wild T-3Theodolite

Engineer s Transit

Parkhurst 1st

Order Theodolite

NGS Datasheet Station SIDWALLAN t 1991 Adj t t d tNote 1991 Adjustment date

Classical (Terrestrial) Observed StationH i t l C t l O lHorizontal Control Only

Old NGS Datasheet Station FOSTERHorizontal Control Station

Foster Azmuth MarkNote painted metal fenceNote painted metal fence post. Arrow points to triangulation station ½ mile away.

Foster Triangulation StationWith T o Reference MarksWith Two Reference Marks

Typical Network AccuraciesTypical Network AccuraciesNote Increasing Accuracy with more recent time period.g y p

iGPS Basics Navigational gSatellites in Space andSpace and

Receivers on Earth

Originally designed to aid in submarineto aid in submarine navigation.

GPS Vector BasicsTwo Receivers observing same satellites at same time.

Old Harn

Network (1991)(1991)

Harn = High Accuracy R fReference Network

NGS Datasheet Old Harn Station WASCO DAMWASCO DAM

HTTP://www.ngs.noaa.gov/CORS/ (Current)CORS C i O i R f S iCORS = Continous Operating Reference Station

NGS Datasheet Station GOLDENDALE (CORS)GOLDENDALE (CORS)

Typical CORS Stations

GPS Equipment AvailableGPS Equipment Available4 CORS Stations

Corvallis Gwen Redmond KelsoCorvallis, Gwen, Redmond,Kelso

3 Trimble Survey Grade Receivers3 Trimble Survey Grade Receivers 2-4700 Model1-4800 Model

Strategy:Dedicate 2 Recei ers to Apostle Net orkDedicate 2 Receivers to Apostle Network

4+ Hour Observations (Long Lines)Use 1 Receiver to Observe Vertical Benchmarks with

Standard Fast-Static Times (Short Lines)

OPUS System

OnlineP iti iPositioning

UserService

CORS Based + 4 Hour ObservationCORS Based 4 Hour ObservationSolve for new position of base

Apostle Network ith CORS tiwith CORS ties

NoteHarn Stations And CORSStations Did Not HaveStations Did Not HaveSame EPOCH Date

Apostle Should we HoldHarn or CORS? p

Network15 N S15 New Survey Monuments on

R tiReservation3 new monuments12 existing monuments

Held 4 (3 off reservation)Solved for 15 new points

Green = Harn Held XYZBlue = Harn Held XYRed Ne PointRed = New PointNote: Old Harn Data

and Geiod 96

Apostle Network E Hi tError Histograms

Apostle Network Error Ellipses(Units are in Centimeters)(Units are in Centimeters)

Note:CORS iCORS station at Redmond = 1.5cm

Warm Springs Vertical NetworkWarm Springs Vertical Network19 Stations Held X,Y, and Z (Apostle Points + Harn Stations)

69 Stations Solved for Position(Mostly FHWA, BPA, and ODOT Vertical Benchmarks)

Fast Static SolutionsFrom Known ApostleFrom Known Apostle Monuments Minimum of Two Independent V b h kVectors per benchmark.

Error Histograms V ti l B h kVertical Benchmarks

Error Ellipses Vertical Network

Station FosterHeld X,Y, and Z

Station G 419 Stations H 111 and F 419N l S B h kTree Interference Normal Survey Benchmarks

New Harn Network

New Harn (1997) vs Old Harn (1991)Station Junction

Height 1997 = 962.16mHeight 1991 = 962.29m

Difference = -0.13mHeight is ellipsoid height not Station Sky

Height 1997 = 963.30mHeight 1991 = 963 30m

Height is ellipsoid height not the same as elevation data

Height 1991 = 963.30mDifference = 0.00m

Station Y 502 (Not in old Harn)Elevation 1997 = 796.77mElevation is fromElevation 1991 = 796.68mDifference = +0.09m

Elevation is from Mean Sea Level

Bluebook Study

Selected 6 Apostle points on the Warm Springs Reservation and resurveyed to NGS standards for recording gin their database. Points selected were near public roads and hadpublic roads and had easy access for off reservation users.

Harn DensificationDensification

2000-2001

Added 6 GPS Stations on reservation and tied to first order vertical data. Network tied 8 counties together 4 Independenttogether. 4 Independent vectors per station. Now GEIOD 99 (Better Model)

HARN Densification Observation Schedule2 ½ hour sessions (2/day)2 ½ hour sessions (2/day)

NGS Datasheet Station CROOKNote 1998 Adjustment dateNote 1998 Adjustment date

GPS Observed Station

New NGS Datasheet Station FOSTER

Bluebook (1998) vs Classical (1991)Station Quartz (3d Order Vertical)

Elevation 1998 = 841.06mElevation 1991 = 839.72mDifference = +1.34m

Station Foster (Triangulation Only)Elevation 1998 = 766.3mEl i 1991 765 5Elevation 1991 = 765.5mDifference = +0.8m

Station Crook (2nd Order Vertical)Station Crook (2nd Order Vertical)Elevation 1998 = 792.96mElevation 1991 = 793.19mev o 99 793. 9Difference = -0.23m

Warm Springs Survey NetworkWarm Springs Survey NetworkCurrent Status 2011

• 57 Permanent Monuments (Three Mile Radius Approx)– 23 Previous (USGS/FHWA/ODOT/BIA)

34 N (BIA GPS t l i t )– 34 New (BIA GPS control points)– Yields 5 calibrated sites for RTK survey on reservation

• 38 Elevation Control Points (Historical data BAD!!!)( )• 469 Section and Quarter Corners (PLSS)• 1969 Property Pins (Subdivision Lot Corners)

61 d C i C l d• 61 Road Construction Temporary Control Rods• 110 Tribal Survey Points

Warm Springs RTK Base Network

Worst Observations No Outliers 160 Observations

Histogram of Errors In Network

Error Ellipses (in Millimeters)Note Errors in Height > Horizontal Errors

FHWA V ti lVertical

Benchmark3-24

Established in 1972 by Western Federal Lands Office in Vancouver, ,Washington. Survey is suspect (all resurveys by BIA and tribal surveyorsBIA and tribal surveyors show vertical errors in adjacent monuments).

h k blBenchmarks are stable and good location maps.

Vertical Benchmarks vs Previous Data

Station X 502 (2nd Order Vertical) Elevation 1998 = 796.447mElevation 1988 = 796.479mDifference = -0.32m

Station 3-24 (3d? Order Vertical FHWA)Elevation 1998 = 809 631mElevation 1998 809.631mElevation 1991 = 808.349mDifference = +1.282m

Calibrated Sites (Communities)Si hSimnashoSidwalterKahneeta

WarmSpringsWarmSpringsSeekseequa

Average Error 1-2 cm about 0.1 ft or 1 inch

Warm Springs Reservation Survey Base Stations

LIDAR Scanning BasicsTwo Receivers observing same satellites at same time.

One Receiver in Plane with total station and Lazer scanner.Other Receiver set on known GPS base location broadcasting RTK signalOther Receiver set on known GPS base location broadcasting RTK signal.

Sample Benchmarks pWarm Springs Network

Listed in Order of ImportanceListed in Order of Importance

USGS Triangulation BenchmarksNew BIA GPS Control MonumentsOld FHWA Benchmarks (Set in Concrete)( )Vertical Control Benchmarks (Set in Concrete)New PLSS Corners (Set firmly in ground)New BLM Witness Corners (Set firmly in ground)New BLM Witness Corners (Set firmly in ground)Old PLSS Corners (High Set Brass Caps)BPA GPS Survey Monuments (Iron rods and caps with fencepost)

ib l i i i h f / i ( l)Tribal Engineering Right-of-Way/Property Pins (Permanent control)BIA Roads Construction Control Points (Temporary project control)

iUSGS Station Foster

New Style BIA GPS ControlGPS Control Monument

Note fencepost to aid in findingNote fencepost to aid in finding station license number, and date

stamp.

Wolfe GPS Station

GPS Station WolfeVandalizedVandalized

FHWA Benchmark K11

Typical New PLSS ¼ CornerNote monument set deeper in soil to allow peasier survey with standard bipod.

BLM Witness CornerWitness to Meander Corner for Deschutes River.Fence crib built over brass capFence crib built over brass cap monument.Difficult to survey to now.

Typical Old PLSS ¼ CornerNote high set of brass cap makes survey p ydifficult with standard bipod.

Typical Survey TechniqueOld S l PLSS COld Style PLSS Corner

HI = 0 001 metersHI 0.001 meters

BPA GPS Survey Station WS 1004Set in 1997 For Flood Plain StudySe 997 o ood a S udyIron Rod With Aluminum CapSet below ground with fiberglass post (could be consumed in range fire)( g )Station in bottom of canyonBad visibility of satellitesNot Set in Concrete

Tribal EngineeringRi h f WRight-of-Wayor Property Pin

White post only for right-of-way pins.

BIA Roads BranchR d C iRoad ConstructionSurvey Control Point

Note punch mark and control point number. Temporary Control for Road Construction Project.

New Style BIA Plastic CapMeets Oregon State Standard for Survey Pin

Original BIAStation WoodyStation Woody

Original BIA Station Rosemary

End of Presentation

Thank You