surrogate motherhood

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Surrogate Motherhood BERNADETTE V. ENDAYA, RN

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Page 1: Surrogate Motherhood

Surrogate Motherhood

BERNADETTE V. ENDAYA, RN

Page 2: Surrogate Motherhood

SURROGACY

• Being a substitute• Indicates an arrangement whereby a

woman agrees to undergo the pregnancy, labor and delivery for another individual who either cannot or chooses not to

Page 3: Surrogate Motherhood

TYPES OF SURROGACY

1. TRADITIONAL SURROGACY2. GESTATIONAL SURROGACY

Page 4: Surrogate Motherhood

TRADITIONAL SURROGACY

• Also known as ‘full’ or ‘straight’ surrogacy• A woman called a “surrogate mother” carries

an embryo conceived with her own egg and the intended father’s sperm or of a sperm donor

• Child may be conceived via home artificial insemination, intrauterine insemination (IUI) or intracervical insemination (ICI)

Page 5: Surrogate Motherhood

GESTATIONAL SURROGACY

• the surrogate, called a gestational carrier, gives birth to a baby conceived with an egg and sperm of a couple or a donor egg or sperm.

• Surrogate has no genetic relationship with the baby

• After birth, gestational carrier turns over the child

Page 6: Surrogate Motherhood

TYPES OF SURROGACYaccording to ARRANGEMENT

1. COMMERCIAL SURROGACY- carrier gets compensated for carrying and delivering the child (besides medical and other reasonable expenses)

2. ALTRUISTIC SURROGACY- carrier receives no compensation

Page 7: Surrogate Motherhood

REASONS FOR CONSIDERING SURROGACY

• Female infertility• Medical issues which may make the pregnancy

or delivery risky• Intended mother prefers convenience• Single man wishing to have his biological child• Gay or lesbian couples

Page 8: Surrogate Motherhood

REASONS FOR CONSIDERING SURROGACY

• Hysterectomy• Myomectomy of the uterus• Intrauterine damage or infection• Malformed uterus• Pelvic adhesions• Cardiac disease• History of ectopic pregnancies• Physical disabilities

Page 9: Surrogate Motherhood

PROCEDURE FOR BECOMING A GESTATIONAL SURROGATE

• Hysteroscopy • Infectious disease test• Mock cycle• Pap smear• Complete physical exam• Trial transfer• Psychological tests

Page 10: Surrogate Motherhood

SURROGACY AND THE BIBLEStory of Abraham and Sarah

Page 11: Surrogate Motherhood

SURROGACY AND THE LEGALITIES

SAUDI ARABIA Surrogacy is illegal

FRANCE and ITALY Commercial and altruistic surrogacy are illegal

HUNGARY, HONGKONG, JAPAN and UK Commercial surrogacy is illegal

GEORGIA and UKRAINE Surrogacy is legal

AUSTRALIA and CANADA Altruistic surrogacy is legal

Page 12: Surrogate Motherhood

SURROGACY AND THE LEGALITIES

INDIA Commercial surrogacy is legal

Emerging leader in international surrogacy Destination in surrogacy-related fertility tourism US States have their own state laws on surrogacy Florida and California have surrogacy-accommodating

laws Military wives found surrogacy to be a means to

supplement military incomes

Page 13: Surrogate Motherhood
Page 14: Surrogate Motherhood

‘BABY M’ CASE

• Mary Beth Whitehead was artificially inseminated with William Stern’s sperm

• March 27 1986 – Baby M was born• Whitehead named her Sara Elizabeth• Sterns named her Melissa• Whitehead did not want to relinquish the

parental rights to the Sterns

Page 15: Surrogate Motherhood

ETHICAL DILEMMAS

• What if the surrogate decides to keep the baby?• If a couple divorces before the baby is born, who gets

custody?• What happens if one or both of the commissioning

parents die before the baby is born? • Does she have the right to abort? • What would happen if the infant is born with a defect

and nobody wants it?• Should the child be introduced to the surrogate mother?

Page 16: Surrogate Motherhood

ETHICAL DILEMMAS

• Is it considered as baby selling?• Is the child a science baby?• Is surrogacy a business?• Why don’t infertile couple consider adoption?

Page 17: Surrogate Motherhood

SURROGATE MOTEHRHOOD IS ETHICAL

• it is a solution to infertility after repeated failure to conceive by other means.

• It is unjust that infertile couples should be denied parenthood. • Intrauterine insemination allows the child to carry at least the

father’s biological genes. • Difficulties inherent in the adoption process• Also, the presence of a disorder that would place the mother’s life

in jeopardy if she became pregnant is a strong argument in favor of the process.

• Proponents cite studies of surrogates that confirm that most surrogates view their experience as positive, meaningful and empowering.

Page 18: Surrogate Motherhood

SURROGATE MOTHERHOOD IS UNETHICAL

• The physical and psychological risks to the surrogate mother and the purported long and short-term physical and psychological hazards to the child.

• “compensated surrogacy” arrangements are abused whereby a surrogate is paid to carry a child to maturity. Opponents denounce these arrangements as the financial exploitation of women’s bodies.

• Surrogacy is attacked as an advantage of the rich over the poor, a means of turning surrogate motherhood into a commercial industry and a convenience for the well-off to avoid childbirth.

Page 19: Surrogate Motherhood

SURROGACY NIGHTMARE

surrogacy nightmare.flv

Page 20: Surrogate Motherhood

SURROGACY: A GIFT OF MODERN SCIENCE

surrogate motherhood1.flv

Page 21: Surrogate Motherhood

THANK

YOU!!!