Surfacing Rough Lumber

Woodworking 2,3,4

Materials

• Surfacing Rough Lumber Worksheet

• Tape Measure

• Square– Combination– Tri-Square

• Scrap Lumber

Question?

• Write a sentence defining the term

“Four-Square”

Building an Accurate Foundation

Craftsmanship depends on tight fitting, accurate joinery. Without observing the fundamental steps in basic stock preparation, this is impossible. That is why it is necessary to mill the boards we use four-square before cutting joints or shaping them.

Four-Square

A board that is four-square is perfectly straight and flat, where each side is at right angles (90 degrees) to its adjacent sides.

FaceEdge

End

Starting Point

The chief cause of inaccuracy in stock preparation is a failure to establish generalized reference points. Slight machine errors can be mitigated by measuring, marking, cutting, planing or performing any other action using the same corner as your starting point. This corner is bound by the face side and face edge of the board.

Step One

• Cross Cut to Rough Length if needed– The rules change when cutting twisted,

cupped and warped lumber before Jointing

• Rip to Rough Width if needed– Use Band Saw to rip twisted, cupped, and

warped Lumber without a straight Edge

Dealing with a Cupped Board

Dealing with a Bowed Board

Dealing with a Crooked Board

Dealing with a Twisted Board

Dealing with a Knotty Board

Step Two

• At the beginning of the stock preparation process it is necessary to inspect the lumber and choose a face side and face edge. – Face Side Best Face that will be seen in

your Finished Project and Best Grain Direction

– Face Edge Cleanest Adjacent Edge with Best Grain Direction

Grain Direction

Step Two

Step Three

• Joint Face (Cup Side Down)

• Joint Edge Square to Face Side

Jointer Table

Cup – Holds Water

Crown – Sheds Water

Step Three – Re-mark

Perfectly Square

Double CheckWith a Square

Step Four

• Surface Plane the Second FACE parallel to the First– Find Thickest part of Lumber

• Measure in Several Places

Step Four (cont.)

• Pass ALL boards through at the SAME time

• Everything must be a UNIFORM thickness– Even if you go below your planned Thickness

• Flush, tight fitting joints require uniform thickness of all the boards

• DO NOT PLANE TO FINAL THICKNESS IF YOU NEED TO GLUE-UP BOARDS

Step Five

• Rip ALL boards to FINISHED WIDTH

• Rip ALL the same widths at the SAME time– Do not adjust the fence

• Set the Fence to 1/32” greater than your Finished Width

Step Five (cont.)

1/32” Greater

Step Six

• Square Up one End

• Make sure you place the Original Face Edge AGAINST the Fence– Use you Square Marks

• Make sure you place Original Face Side against the Table– Use you Square Marks

Step Seven

• Crosscut the other End to the Finished Length

• Cut ALL same length pieces at the SAME time– Use a Stop Block to insure everything is

exactly the SAME

The Result

Step Six (cont.)

Textbook Work

• Chapter 23 Worksheet–Page 357

–Worksheet Handout

Jointer Intro

•Demonstration

•Safety Test

•Observation

Surface Planer Intro

•Demonstration

•Safety Test

•Observation