Surface WaterSurface Water

Stream StagesStream Stages

________:________: RapidsRapids WaterfallsWaterfalls Fast-moving waterFast-moving water Steep slopeSteep slope

_______:_______: Broad floodplainBroad floodplain MeandersMeanders Oxbow lakesOxbow lakes Meander ScarsMeander Scars

Youthful Old

Important DefinitionsImportant Definitions

____________ – a stream and all its ____________ – a stream and all its tributariestributaries

________ – a smaller stream that empties ________ – a smaller stream that empties into a larger streaminto a larger stream

_________ – the land area drained by a _________ – the land area drained by a river systemriver system

______ – a high point that separates river ______ – a high point that separates river systemssystems

River System

Tributary

Watershed

Divide

________ – the bends and curves ________ – the bends and curves of a streamof a stream

Meanders

Oxbow lake

deposition

erosion

____________ – deposit formed when a ____________ – deposit formed when a stream spreads out onto a less steep areastream spreads out onto a less steep areaAlluvial Fan

_____ – where a stream empties _____ – where a stream empties into a larger body of waterinto a larger body of water

Delta

____________ – when an old age stream ____________ – when an old age stream downcuts to “make it new again”downcuts to “make it new again”

Rejuvenation

Stream LoadStream Load

A stream can carry its load in three A stream can carry its load in three different ways:different ways:

1.________ – material is dissolved 1.________ – material is dissolved 2.__________ – particles are held up by 2.__________ – particles are held up by

stream’s moving waterstream’s moving water 3._________ – material pushed or rolled 3._________ – material pushed or rolled

along the stream’s channelalong the stream’s channel

solution

suspension

bed load

Stream DischargeStream Discharge

Discharge is the amount of water that Discharge is the amount of water that flows past a point in a certain amount of flows past a point in a certain amount of time.time.

Discharge is dependent upon velocity, Discharge is dependent upon velocity, depth, and width of the stream.depth, and width of the stream.

Discharge = _______ x _____ x _____Discharge = _______ x _____ x _____velocity depth width

Surface Water Review

solution, suspension, bed load

land area drained by a river system

divide

Surface Water Review (continued)

in the center

along the sides and bottom because of the friction with the channel

a bend or curve in the stream

Maximum on the outside of the meander and minimum on the inside

inside of meanders

channel